技术领域technical field
本发明属于无线通信系统的信号检测领域，涉及一种收敛速度快、复杂度低的稀疏码多址接入(SCMA)上行通信系统多用户检测方法，具体为一种基于串行策略的MPA检测方法，用于解决5G(第五代移动通信)移动通信备选多址接入技术的多用户检测问题。The invention belongs to the field of signal detection of wireless communication systems, and relates to a multi-user detection method of a sparse code multiple access (SCMA) uplink communication system with fast convergence speed and low complexity, specifically a serial strategy-based MPA detection method The method is used to solve the multi-user detection problem of 5G (fifth generation mobile communication) mobile communication alternative multiple access technology.
背景技术Background technique
多址接入是无线通信物理层的核心技术之一，它使基站能区分并同时服务多个终端用户。为了满足5G(第五代移动通信)大容量、海量连接、低延时接入等需求，在申请号为201380059380.X的发明专利“用户稀疏码多址接入的系统和方法”中提出了一种SCMA(Sparse code multiple access，稀疏码多址接入)技术，图1是SCMA上行通信系统模型，SCMA扩频码字中有一部分零元素，每个用户的基带数据仅在少量的码片上进行非零位扩频调制，而每位扩频码片也仅仅被少量用户进行非零位扩频调制，SCMA编码器在预定义的码本集合中为每个数据层或用户选择一个码本，然后基于所选择的码本将数据比特直接映射到相应的码字中，最后将多个数据层或用户的码字进行非正交叠加，接收端对接收信号进行基于置信度传播算法的多用户检测技术，即并行MPA检测方法，附图2为该方法的SCMA因子图，并行MPA检测方法在每次迭代过程中，首先更新所有的资源节点，接着更新所有的用户节点。Multiple access is one of the core technologies of the physical layer of wireless communication, which enables the base station to distinguish and serve multiple end users at the same time. In order to meet the needs of 5G (fifth generation mobile communication) for large capacity, massive connections, and low-latency access, the invention patent "System and method for user sparse code multiple access" with application number 201380059380. A SCMA (Sparse code multiple access, sparse code multiple access) technology. Figure 1 is the SCMA uplink communication system model. There are some zero elements in the SCMA spread spectrum codeword, and the baseband data of each user is only on a small number of chips. Perform non-zero bit spread spectrum modulation, and each spread spectrum chip is only subjected to non-zero bit spread spectrum modulation by a small number of users. The SCMA encoder selects a codebook for each data layer or user in the predefined codebook set , and then based on the selected codebook, the data bits are directly mapped to the corresponding codewords, and finally the codewords of multiple data layers or users are non-orthogonally superimposed, and the receiving end performs multi-level multiplication based on the belief propagation algorithm on the received signal. The user detection technology is the parallel MPA detection method. Attached Figure 2 is the SCMA factor diagram of this method. In each iteration of the parallel MPA detection method, all resource nodes are first updated, and then all user nodes are updated.
在发明专利“用户稀疏码多址接入的系统和方法”中提出了一种基于并行策略的MPA检测方法，具体包括以下步骤：In the invention patent "System and method for user sparse code multiple access", a parallel strategy-based MPA detection method is proposed, which specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1、初始化：迭代开始时，用户没有先验信息，因此用户节点uj到资源节点ck的消息为:j＝1,2,...,J，k＝1,2,...,K，uj为第j个用户节点，ck为第k个资源节点，M为码本的码字数目，为迭代开始时用户节点uj到资源节点ck的消息；Step 1. Initialization: At the beginning of the iteration, the user has no prior information, so the message from user node uj to resource node ck is: j=1,2,...,J, k=1,2,...,K, uj is the jth user node, ck is the kth resource node, M is the number of codewords in the codebook , It is the message from user node uj to resource node ck at the beginning of the iteration;
步骤2、设定最大迭代次数为tmax；Step 2. Set the maximum number of iterations as tmax ;
步骤3、在第t次迭代过程中，资源节点和用户节点的消息并行更新，即首先更新所有的资源节点ck到用户节点uj的消息t＝1,2,...,tmax为第t(t＝1,2,...,tmax)次迭代过程中计算得到的资源节点ck到用户节点uj的消息，xj＝(x1,j,...,xK,j)Τ为第j个用户的SCMA码字，xl＝(x1,l,...,xK,l)Τ为第l个用户的SCMA码字，yk为接收信号y中第k个资源处接收到的信号，(F为发射机SCMA编码器的稀疏扩频矩阵)为连接到资源节点ck的用户节点集；xk,i表示第i个用户的码字的第k个资源，hk,i为hi＝(h1,i,h2,i,...,hK,i)Τ中的第k个元素，hi为第i个用户的信道向量；然后更新所有的用户节点uj到资源节点ck的消息：一次迭代完成；为连接到用户节点uj的资源节点集；Step 3. During the t-th iteration, the messages of resource nodes and user nodes are updated in parallel, that is, all the messages from resource nodes ck to user nodes uj are updated first t=1,2,...,tmax is the message from resource node ck to user node uj calculated in the t(t=1,2,...,tmax ) iteration process, xj =(x1,j ,...,xK,j )Τ is the SCMA codeword of the jth user, xl =(x1,l ,...,xK,l )Τ is the lth user The SCMA codeword of the user, yk is the signal received at the kth resource in the received signal y, (F is the sparse spreading matrix of the transmitter SCMA encoder) is the set of user nodes connected to the resource node ck ; xk,i represents the k-th resource of the i-th user's codeword, hk,i is the k-th in hi =(h1,i ,h2,i ,...,hK,i )Τ elements, hi is the channel vector of the i-th user; then update all the messages from user node uj to resource node ck : one iteration is completed; it is the set of resource nodes connected to user node uj ;
步骤4、判断t＞tmax是否成立，若成立，执行步骤5；若不成立，则令t＝t+1，返回步骤3，进行下一次迭代；Step 4. Determine whether t>tmax is true, if true, execute step 5; if not, set t=t+1, return to step 3, and proceed to the next iteration;
步骤5、经过tmax次迭代后退出循环，计算码字消息：Step 5. Exit the loop after tmax iterations, and calculate the codeword message:
步骤6、计算得到数据比特的软信息Step 6. Calculate the soft information of the data bits
bj为第j个用户的数据比特；bj is the data bit of the jth user;
步骤7、数据比特的判决(硬判决)Step 7, judgment of data bits (hard judgment)
上述基于并行策略的MPA检测方法中，检测正确率与最大迭代次数tmax以及消息传播方式有关。然而，在实际工程应用中，随着迭代次数的增加，通信系统的硬件计算复杂度越来越高，因此对硬件的要求也越来越高；且该方法中所有资源节点到用户节点消息的更新是基于第t-1次迭代获取的用户节点到资源节点的消息所有用户节点到资源节点消息的更新是基于当前次迭代已更新的虽然很好的利用了当前迭代更新的但是基于上一次迭代生成的没有利用当前迭代中用户节点到资源节点更新的消息，导致其收敛速率较低。综上，上述并行MPA检测方法虽然能有效提高正确译码的概率，但由于其计算复杂度较高及收敛速率较低，不能满足5G对高速、高效的需求。In the above-mentioned MPA detection method based on the parallel strategy, the detection accuracy is related to the maximum number of iterations tmax and the message propagation mode. However, in practical engineering applications, as the number of iterations increases, the hardware calculation complexity of the communication system is getting higher and higher, so the hardware requirements are also getting higher and higher; and in this method, all resource nodes to user node messages renew is the message from the user node to the resource node obtained based on the t-1th iteration Update of all user node to resource node messages is updated based on the current iteration Although Make good use of the current iterative update but is generated based on the previous iteration The update message from user nodes to resource nodes in the current iteration is not utilized, resulting in a low convergence rate. In summary, although the above parallel MPA detection method can effectively improve the probability of correct decoding, it cannot meet the high-speed and high-efficiency requirements of 5G due to its high computational complexity and low convergence rate.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对背景技术存在的缺陷，提出了一种基于串行策略的SCMA上行通信系统多用户检测方法。本发明将传统的SCMA因子图中的节点分为J组(J为用户节点的个数)，每组为一个用户节点及其与该用户节点相连的所有资源节点，在每次迭代过程中，依次对每一组的所有节点(一个用户节点与其相连的所有资源节点)进行更新；本发明在每次迭代过程中均利用了已更新的节点消息，可有效提高已更新节点消息的利用率，且计算复杂度低，BER性能优良。Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the present invention proposes a multi-user detection method for an SCMA uplink communication system based on a serial strategy. The present invention divides the nodes in the traditional SCMA factor diagram into J groups (J is the number of user nodes), and each group is a user node and all resource nodes connected to the user node. In each iteration process, All nodes in each group (all resource nodes connected to a user node) are updated in turn; the present invention utilizes updated node messages in each iteration process, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of updated node messages, And the calculation complexity is low, and the BER performance is excellent.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种基于串行策略的SCMA上行通信系统多用户检测方法，包括初始化、资源节点和用户节点消息的更新、数据比特软信息的计算、数据比特的判决步骤；其特征在于，所述资源节点和用户节点消息的更新是多次迭代完成的，每一次迭代过程中，将一个用户节点及其与该用户节点相连的所有资源节点作为一组，将用户节点和资源节点分为J组，J为用户节点的个数；然后依次对每一组中所有的资源节点到用户节点的消息以及用户节点到资源节点的消息进行更新，即完成一次迭代的过程。A SCMA uplink communication system multi-user detection method based on a serial strategy, including initialization, updating of resource nodes and user node messages, calculation of data bit soft information, and judgment steps of data bits; it is characterized in that the resource node and The update of user node information is completed by multiple iterations. In each iteration, a user node and all resource nodes connected to the user node are regarded as a group, and user nodes and resource nodes are divided into J groups, where J is The number of user nodes; and then update all resource node-to-user node messages and user-node-to-resource node messages in each group in turn, that is, complete an iterative process.
一种基于串行策略的SCMA上行通信系统多用户检测方法，具体包括以下步骤：A kind of SCMA uplink communication system multi-user detection method based on serial strategy, specifically comprises the following steps:
步骤1、初始化：SCMA在迭代开始时，用户没有先验信息，因此用户节点uj到资源节点ck的消息为:j＝1,2,...,J，k＝1,2,...,K，uj为第j个用户节点，ck为第k个资源节点，M为码本的码字数目，为迭代开始时用户节点uj到资源节点ck的消息；Step 1. Initialization: At the beginning of the iteration of SCMA, the user has no prior information, so the message from user node uj to resource node ck is: j=1,2,...,J, k=1,2,...,K, uj is the jth user node, ck is the kth resource node, M is the number of codewords in the codebook , It is the message from user node uj to resource node ck at the beginning of the iteration;
步骤2、设定最大迭代次数为tmax；Step 2. Set the maximum number of iterations as tmax ;
步骤3、在第t次迭代过程中，首先将第j个用户节点以及与第j个用户节点相连的所有资源节点作为一组，将用户节点和资源节点分为J组，j＝1,2,...,J，J组节点分别标记为γ1,γ2,...,γJ组；然后，计算第γ1组的所有的资源节点到用户节点的消息和用户节点到资源节点的消息然后依次计算γ2,...,γJ组的资源节点到用户节点的消息以及用户节点到资源节点的消息，一次迭代完成；xj＝(x1,j,...,xK,j)Τ为第j个用户的SCMA码字，xl＝(x1,l,...,xK,l)Τ为第l个用户的SCMA码字，yk为接收信号y中第k个资源处接收到的信号，(F为发射机SCMA编码器的稀疏扩频矩阵)为连接到资源节点ck的用户节点集；xk,i表示第i个用户的码字的第k个资源，hk,i∈hi＝(h1,i,h2,i,...,hK,i)Τ，hi为用户i的信道向量，为连接到用户节点uj的资源节点集；Step 3. In the t-th iteration process, firstly take the jth user node and all resource nodes connected to the jth user node as a group, and divide the user nodes and resource nodes into J groups, j=1,2 ,...,J, J group nodes are respectively marked as γ1 ,γ2 ,...,γJ group; then, calculate the messages from all resource nodes to user nodes in the γ1 group and the message from the user node to the resource node, and then calculate the γ2 ,...,γJ group’s message from the resource node to the user node and the message from the user node to the resource node, and complete one iteration; xj = (x1,j ,...,xK,j )Τ is the SCMA codeword of the jth user, xl =(x1,l ,...,xK,l )Τ is the SCMA codeword of the lth user, yk is the signal received at the kth resource in the received signal y, (F is the sparse spreading matrix of the transmitter SCMA encoder) is the set of user nodes connected to the resource node ck ; xk,i represents the i hk,i ∈hi = (h1,i ,h2,i ,...,hK,i )Τ , hi is the channel vector of user i, and is the set of resource nodes connected to user nodes uj ;
步骤4、判断t＞tmax是否成立，若成立，执行步骤5；若不成立，则令t＝t+1，返回步骤3，进行下一次迭代；Step 4. Determine whether t>tmax is true, if true, execute step 5; if not, set t=t+1, return to step 3, and proceed to the next iteration;
步骤5、经过tmax次迭代后退出循环，计算码字消息：Step 5. Exit the loop after tmax iterations, and calculate the codeword message:
步骤6、计算数据比特的软信息Step 6. Calculate the soft information of the data bits
bj为第j个用户的数据比特；bj is the data bit of the jth user;
步骤7、数据比特的判决(硬判决)Step 7, judgment of data bits (hard judgment)
本发明的有益效果为：对于资源节点与用户节点消息来说，更新的消息越不相关，其可靠性越强，基于此思想本发明提出了一种基于串行策略的SCMA上行通信系统多用户检测方法，在每次迭代过程中，将所有节点按照每一个用户节点以及与该用户节点相连的所有资源节点作为一组的方式进行分组，共分为J组，依次对每一组中的节点的消息进行更新。本发明在每次迭代过程中均利用了已更新的节点消息，可有效提高已更新节点消息的利用率；在迭代次数较少的情况下，本发明BER性能远优于背景技术方法的BER性能；在BER性能几乎没有损失的条件下，本发明的计算复杂度远低于背景技术方法的计算复杂度。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: for resource node and user node messages, the more irrelevant the updated message is, the stronger its reliability is. Based on this idea, the present invention proposes a multi-user SCMA uplink communication system based on serial strategy In the detection method, in each iteration process, all nodes are grouped according to each user node and all resource nodes connected to the user node as a group, and are divided into J groups, and the nodes in each group are sequentially The news is updated. The present invention utilizes the updated node information in each iteration process, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of the updated node information; when the number of iterations is small, the BER performance of the present invention is far superior to that of the background technology method ; Under the condition that there is almost no loss in BER performance, the computational complexity of the present invention is far lower than that of the background art method.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为背景技术提出的SCMA上行通信系统模型；Fig. 1 is the SCMA uplink communication system model proposed by the background technology;
图2为背景技术中SCMA上行系统的因子图；Fig. 2 is the factor diagram of the SCMA uplink system in the background technology;
图3为本发明中SCMA上行系统的因子图；Fig. 3 is the factor figure of SCMA uplink system among the present invention;
图4为本发明方法与背景技术方法的BER性能对比图；Fig. 4 is the BER performance comparison diagram of the inventive method and the background technology method;
图5为本发明方法与背景技术方法的计算复杂度对比图。Fig. 5 is a comparison diagram of computational complexity between the method of the present invention and the method of the background technology.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，详述本发明的技术方案。The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
根据传输条件及检测过程的程序，初始化设置以下参数：According to the transmission conditions and the procedures of the detection process, the following parameters are initialized:
用户节点的个数J＝6，码本的码字个数M＝4，码字长度K＝4，系统过载率信道模型为AWGN(高斯白噪声)信道，稀疏扩频矩阵为用户信息比特经过SCMA编码器映射为相应的码字x，所有用户码字叠加后经过信道进行传输，接收端的接收信号xj＝(x1,j,x2,j,...,xK,j)Τ是用户j的SCMA码字，hj＝(h1,j,h2,j,...,hK,j)Τ为用户j的信道向量，n～CN(0,σ2Ι)为高斯噪声；接收信号y的第k个资源处接收到的信号yk表示为：其中k＝1,2,...,K，j＝1,2,...,J。The number of user nodes J=6, the code word number M=4 of the codebook, the code word length K=4, the system overload rate channel model is AWGN (White Gaussian Noise) channel, and the sparse spreading matrix is The user information bits are mapped to the corresponding codeword x by the SCMA encoder. All user codewords are superimposed and then transmitted through the channel. The received signal xj = (x1,j , x2,j ,...,xK ,j )Τ is the SCMA codeword of user j, hj =(h1,j ,h2,j ,...,hK,j )Τ is the channel vector of user j, n～CN (0,σ2 Ι) is Gaussian noise; the signal yk received at the kth resource of the received signal y is expressed as: where k=1,2,...,K, j=1,2,...,J.
发送端各用户的码本为：The codebook of each user at the sending end is:
用户1的码本为用户2的码本为，用户3的码本为，用户4的码本为，用户5的码本为，用户6的码本为User 1's codebook is User 2's codebook is , the codebook of user 3 is , the codebook of user 4 is , the codebook of user 5 is , the codebook of user 6 is
图3为本发明基于串行策略的SCMA上行通信系统多用户检测方法的SCMA因子图，与背景技术方法因子图的区别在于：以每一个用户节点以及与该用户节点相连的所有资源节点分为一组，可将所有资源节点和用户节点分为J组，分别标记为γ1,γ2,...,γJ组，在每一次的迭代过程中，依次更新γ1,γ2,...,γJ组中的所有节点(即每一个用户节点以及与该用户节点相连的所有资源节点)。Fig. 3 is the SCMA factor diagram of the SCMA uplink communication system multi-user detection method based on the serial strategy in the present invention, and the difference from the background technology method factor diagram is that each user node and all resource nodes connected to the user node are divided into One group, all resource nodes and user nodes can be divided into J groups, which are marked as γ1 , γ2 ,..., γJ groups respectively. During each iteration, γ1 , γ2 ,. .., γ All nodes in theJ group (that is, each user node and all resource nodes connected to the user node).
接收机处基于串行策略的SCMA上行通信系统多用户检测方法，包括以下步骤：The SCMA uplink communication system multi-user detection method based on the serial strategy at the receiver comprises the following steps:
步骤1.迭代检测开始，没有先验的用户消息，因此每个用户在相应的码本中获取任一码字的概率是相同的，则用户节点的信息为Step 1. Iterative detection starts, there is no prior user information, so each user has the same probability of obtaining any codeword in the corresponding codebook, then the user node information is
步骤2.进入迭代循环，参见图3基于串行策略的MPA检测方法的因子图，将所有的资源节点和用户节点分为J组，标记好每一组的序号为γ1,γ2,...,γJ；Step 2. Enter the iterative cycle. See Figure 3 for the factor diagram of the MPA detection method based on the serial strategy. All resource nodes and user nodes are divided into J groups, and the serial numbers of each group are marked as γ1 , γ2 ,. . . . , γJ ;
步骤3.更新第一组γ1中所有的资源节点和用户节点；然后判断是否更新完所有J组的节点，若更新完，执行步骤4，否则，继续更新下一组的节点；Step 3. Update all resource nodes and user nodes in the first group γ1 ; then judge whether all the nodes of J group have been updated, if the update is completed, perform step 4, otherwise, continue to update the nodes of the next group;
步骤4.判断t＞tmax是否成立，若成立，执行步骤5；若不成立，则令t＝t+1，返回步骤2，进行下一次迭代；Step 4. Determine whether t>tmax is established, if established, execute step 5; if not established, set t=t+1, return to step 2, and perform the next iteration;
步骤5.根据迭代输出的资源节点计算码字消息Step 5. Calculate the code word message according to the resource node output by iteration
步骤6.根据步骤5得到的码字消息，计算原始数据比特的似然值Step 6. Calculate the likelihood value of the original data bit according to the codeword message obtained in step 5
步骤7.最后硬判决原始信息比特，若LLRj＞0，判决数据比特若LLRj≤0，判决数据比特Step 7. Finally, hard judge the original information bits, if LLRj > 0, judge the data bits If LLRj ≤ 0, decision data bits
利用Matlab对背景技术的并行MPA方法和本发明实施例的基于串行策略的SCMA上行通信系统多用户检测方法在AWGN信道中的BER误码性能和计算复杂度进行仿真对比分析，仿真结果如图4和图5所示。由图4可知，在Eb/N0＝12dB，2次迭代背景技术的BER值为1.2×10-3，而本发明的BER值为2.5×10-4，本发明的BER性能提高了一个数量级；其次，本发明方法中2次迭代的BER性能接近背景技术方法6次迭代的性能，表明本发明方法可有效降低译码的复杂度。由于本发明与背景技术一次迭代的计算复杂度相同，因此分析本发明2次迭代的计算复杂度和背景技术6次迭代的计算复杂度是有意义的。图5为BER＝1.2×10-3的情况下，即本发明方法2次迭代和背景技术6次迭代的检测性能相同的情况下，背景技术方法的计算复杂度为本发明方法的3倍，因此，本发明采用2次迭代过程就可实现背景技术6次迭代的性能，大大降低系统的计算复杂度。Utilize Matlab to the parallel MPA method of background technology and the SCMA uplink communication system multi-user detection method based on the serial strategy of the embodiment of the present invention in AWGN channel BER bit error performance and computational complexity are simulated and compared and analyzed, and the simulation results are as shown in the figure 4 and Figure 5. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that at Eb /N0 =12dB, the BER value of the background technology after two iterations is 1.2×10-3 , while the BER value of the present invention is 2.5×10-4 , and the BER performance of the present invention has been improved by one order of magnitude; secondly, the BER performance of 2 iterations in the method of the present invention is close to the performance of 6 iterations of the method of the background technology, indicating that the method of the present invention can effectively reduce the complexity of decoding. Since the computational complexity of one iteration of the present invention is the same as that of the background art, it is meaningful to analyze the computational complexity of 2 iterations of the present invention and the computational complexity of 6 iterations of the background art. Fig. 5 is the case of BER=1.2×10-3 , that is, when the detection performance of the 2 iterations of the method of the present invention and the 6 iterations of the background technology are the same, the computational complexity of the method of the background technology is 3 times that of the method of the present invention, Therefore, the present invention can realize the performance of 6 iterations of the background art by using 2 iterations, greatly reducing the computational complexity of the system.
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