技术领域technical field
一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置，属于电磁无损检测领域。The utility model relates to a device for detecting tiny cracks near the surface of pressure equipment, which belongs to the field of electromagnetic nondestructive testing.
背景技术Background technique
锅炉、压力容器、压力管道为承压类特种设备，这些设备大多由一些金属材料制造。金属材料腐蚀减薄以及应力集中部位开裂往往是这些承压类特种设备的主要安全隐患，因此对这些缺陷进行早期检测意义重大。Boilers, pressure vessels, and pressure pipes are pressure-bearing special equipment, and most of these equipment are made of some metal materials. Corrosion and thinning of metal materials and cracking at stress-concentrated parts are often the main safety hazards of these pressure-bearing special equipment, so early detection of these defects is of great significance.
现有检测技术各有一定的局限性，例如渗透检测技术受温度影响，须预先对工件表面进行处理，检测过程繁琐；磁粉检测技术须预先对工件表面进行处理，检测时可能会对工件造成一定伤害；射线检测技术有一定辐射风险，检测耗时大，检测成本高；超声波检测技术受工件表面光滑度的影响，检测结果很难被永久记录；声发射检测技术易受外来噪声干扰，发射信号易被工件削弱而衰减。漏磁检测技术由磁粉检测技术发展而来，是利用磁现象来检测金属缺陷的一项无损检测方法，具有检测方便、可操作性强、检测结果易于获得等优点。Existing detection technologies have certain limitations. For example, the penetrant detection technology is affected by temperature, and the surface of the workpiece must be pre-treated, and the detection process is cumbersome; the magnetic particle detection technology must be pre-treated on the workpiece surface, which may cause certain damage to the workpiece during detection. damage; radiation detection technology has a certain radiation risk, time-consuming and costly detection; ultrasonic detection technology is affected by the surface smoothness of the workpiece, and the detection results are difficult to be permanently recorded; acoustic emission detection technology is susceptible to external noise interference, and the emission signal Easily attenuated by workpiece weakening. Magnetic flux leakage testing technology is developed from magnetic particle testing technology. It is a non-destructive testing method that uses magnetic phenomena to detect metal defects. It has the advantages of convenient testing, strong operability, and easy access to testing results.
目前的漏磁检测传感器往往用途单一，都是通过同一个传感器来检测缺陷的所有信息。本发明同时开发了两类传感器，用于获得缺陷的深度、宽度信息，具有较强的创新性。The current magnetic flux leakage detection sensors are often single-purpose, and all information of defects is detected through the same sensor. The invention simultaneously develops two types of sensors for obtaining the depth and width information of defects, which has strong innovation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置。对于缺陷的尺寸检测，该装置具有较高的检测精度。The object of the present invention is to provide a detection device for micro cracks near the surface of pressure equipment. For the size detection of defects, the device has high detection accuracy.
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置，其特征在于：由信号发生器(1)、功率放大器(2)、磁轭(3)、激励线圈(4)、第一水平检测线圈(5)、第二水平检测线圈(6)、垂直检测线圈(7)、示波器(8)组成；激励线圈(4)的匝数为30，激励线圈(4)的直径为15-20mm；信号发生器(1)产生一个正弦信号，经过功率放大器(2)放大后，信号经过激励线圈(4)后会在空间产生磁力线分布，承压设备(9)近表面的缺陷会使磁力线(10)溢出，第一水平检测线圈(5)用于检测全局磁场切向分量，第二水平线圈(6)用于检测局部磁场切向分量，垂直检测线圈(6)用于检测缺陷的深度信息，检测信号通过示波器(8)显示出来。A device for detecting tiny cracks near the surface of pressure equipment, characterized in that it consists of a signal generator (1), a power amplifier (2), a yoke (3), an excitation coil (4), and a first horizontal detection coil (5) , the second horizontal detection coil (6), vertical detection coil (7), and oscilloscope (8); the number of turns of the excitation coil (4) is 30, and the diameter of the excitation coil (4) is 15-20mm; signal generator ( 1) A sinusoidal signal is generated, and after being amplified by the power amplifier (2), the signal passes through the excitation coil (4) to produce a distribution of magnetic force lines in space, and defects near the surface of the pressure-bearing equipment (9) will cause the magnetic force lines (10) to overflow. One horizontal detection coil (5) is used to detect the tangential component of the global magnetic field, the second horizontal coil (6) is used to detect the tangential component of the local magnetic field, and the vertical detection coil (6) is used to detect the depth information of the defect, and the detection signal is passed through the oscilloscope (8) SHOWDOWN.
所述的一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置，其特征在于：激励线圈(4)、第一水平检测线圈(5)、第二水平检测线圈(6)、垂直检测线圈(7)均由铜丝绕制，铜丝直径为0.2-1mm。The device for detecting tiny cracks near the surface of pressure-bearing equipment is characterized in that: the excitation coil (4), the first horizontal detection coil (5), the second horizontal detection coil (6), and the vertical detection coil (7) are all Winding by copper wire, the diameter of copper wire is 0.2-1mm.
所述的一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置，其特征在于：激励电流的幅值大小为0.5-1A，激励频率为10Hz-10KHz。The device for detecting micro-cracks near the surface of pressure-bearing equipment is characterized in that: the amplitude of the excitation current is 0.5-1A, and the excitation frequency is 10Hz-10KHz.
所述的一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置，其特征在于：第一水平检测线圈(5)长度为40-60mm，第二水平检测线圈(6)长度为10-20mm。The device for detecting minute cracks near the surface of pressure equipment is characterized in that the length of the first horizontal detection coil (5) is 40-60 mm, and the length of the second horizontal detection coil (6) is 10-20 mm.
所述的一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置，其特征在于：磁轭(3)的材料为锰锌铁氧体。The device for detecting micro-cracks near the surface of pressure equipment is characterized in that the material of the yoke (3) is manganese-zinc ferrite.
本发明的工作原理是：信号发生器(1)产生的激励信号经功率放大器(2)放大后加载到磁轭(3)的激励线圈(4)上，根据法拉第电磁感应定律，空间会产生交变磁场。将磁轭(3)置于被测承压设备(9)之上时，磁轭(3)、空气、承压设备(9)之间构成一个闭合磁力线回路，磁力线按磁阻最小原则传播。当承压设备(9)表面存在不连续缺陷时，磁力线会绕过缺陷，从缺陷附近经过，短时间内，该区域发生磁饱和，致使一些磁力线不得不溢出承压设备(9)的表面，此时，置于承压设备(9)表面附近的第一水平检测线圈(5)、第二水平检测线圈(6)和垂直检测线圈(7)感应到这一变化，经由示波器(8)显示，从而判断缺陷的存在。The working principle of the present invention is: the excitation signal generated by the signal generator (1) is amplified by the power amplifier (2) and then loaded onto the excitation coil (4) of the yoke (3). According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the space will generate alternating variable magnetic field. When the yoke (3) is placed on the pressure-bearing equipment (9) to be tested, a closed loop of magnetic lines of force is formed among the yoke (3), the air, and the pressure-bearing equipment (9), and the lines of magnetic force propagate according to the principle of minimum magnetic resistance. When there is a discontinuous defect on the surface of the pressure-bearing equipment (9), the lines of magnetic force will bypass the defect and pass near the defect. In a short period of time, magnetic saturation occurs in this area, causing some lines of magnetic force to overflow the surface of the pressure-bearing equipment (9). At this time, the first horizontal detection coil (5), the second horizontal detection coil (6) and the vertical detection coil (7) placed near the surface of the pressure-bearing equipment (9) sense this change, which is displayed by the oscilloscope (8) , so as to determine the existence of defects.
本发明的有益效果是：所述一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置不受时间、空间等环境因素的影响，操作方便、简单。此外，所述装置采用水平、垂直两种检测线圈，对缺陷的尺寸检测有较高的精度。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the device for detecting minute cracks near the surface of pressure equipment is not affected by environmental factors such as time and space, and is convenient and simple to operate. In addition, the device adopts two kinds of detection coils, horizontal and vertical, and has high precision in detecting the size of defects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置；Fig. 1 is a kind of micro-crack detection device near the surface of pressure equipment of the present invention;
图2是本发明的不同缺陷数目检测结果示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection results of different defect numbers in the present invention;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图及实施实例对本发明作进一步描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment example, the present invention will be further described:
参见附图1，一种承压设备近表面微小裂纹检测装置，其特征在于：由信号发生器(1)、功率放大器(2)、磁轭(3)、激励线圈(4)、第一水平检测线圈(5)、第二水平检测线圈(6)、垂直检测线圈(7)、示波器(8)组成；信号发生器(1)产生一个正弦信号，经过功率放大器(2)放大后，信号经过激励线圈(4)后会在空间产生磁力线分布，承压设备(9)近表面的缺陷会使磁力线(10)溢出，第一水平检测线圈(5)用于检测全局磁场切向分量，第二水平线圈(6)用于检测局部磁场切向分量，垂直检测线圈(7)用于检测缺陷的深度信息，检测信号通过示波器(8)显示出来。Referring to accompanying drawing 1, a kind of micro-crack detection device near the surface of pressure equipment is characterized in that it consists of a signal generator (1), a power amplifier (2), a yoke (3), an excitation coil (4), a first level The detection coil (5), the second horizontal detection coil (6), the vertical detection coil (7), and the oscilloscope (8); the signal generator (1) generates a sinusoidal signal, and after being amplified by the power amplifier (2), the signal passes through After the coil (4) is excited, the distribution of magnetic force lines will be generated in space, and the defects near the surface of the pressure-bearing equipment (9) will cause the magnetic force lines (10) to overflow. The first horizontal detection coil (5) is used to detect the tangential component of the global magnetic field, and the second The horizontal coil (6) is used to detect the tangential component of the local magnetic field, the vertical detection coil (7) is used to detect the depth information of the defect, and the detection signal is displayed by the oscilloscope (8).
其中，第一水平检测线圈(5)、第二水平检测线圈(6)用于检测缺陷的宽度信息，垂直检测线圈(7)用于检测缺陷的深度信息。图2为不同缺陷数目下的检测结果示意图。Wherein, the first horizontal detection coil (5) and the second horizontal detection coil (6) are used to detect the width information of the defect, and the vertical detection coil (7) is used to detect the depth information of the defect. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection results under different defect numbers.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610160835.2ACN105699481B (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Near-surface micro-crack detection device for pressure-bearing equipment |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610160835.2ACN105699481B (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Near-surface micro-crack detection device for pressure-bearing equipment |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105699481Atrue CN105699481A (en) | 2016-06-22 |
| CN105699481B CN105699481B (en) | 2019-03-26 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610160835.2AActiveCN105699481B (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Near-surface micro-crack detection device for pressure-bearing equipment |
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| CN (1) | CN105699481B (en) |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | Inventor after:Shen Changyu Inventor after:Lou Weimin Inventor after:Shentu Fengying Inventor after:Guo Yuanyang Inventor after:Li Wenjun Inventor after:Zhou Jiajia Inventor after:Li Guanghai Inventor before:Lou Weimin Inventor before:Shentu Fengying Inventor before:Shen Changyu Inventor before:Guo Yuanyang Inventor before:Li Wenjun Inventor before:Zhou Jiajia Inventor before:Li Guanghai | |
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