技术领域technical field
本发明涉及图像处理领域，尤其涉及一种基于图像检测的智能型电表的使用方法。The invention relates to the field of image processing, in particular to a method for using an intelligent electric meter based on image detection.
背景技术Background technique
电表产品上，目前已经具备了多功能、网络化、智能化、数字化的需求，能够满足当前各种计量的要求，如有功计量、无功计量、需量计算，电网质量检测、电网事件记录等复杂功能，并能够作为通讯从站与中央控制主站进行数据交互。Electric meter products have met the needs of multi-function, networking, intelligence, and digitization, and can meet the current requirements of various metering, such as active power metering, reactive power metering, demand calculation, power grid quality inspection, power grid event records, etc. Complicated functions, and can be used as a communication slave station for data interaction with the central control master station.
当前，用于测量电能使用情况的电表仍存在以下缺陷：精度不高，无法同时满足供电方和用电方要求的数据分辨率；窃电情况时有发生，只能通过人工手段去定点定时检测窃电情况是否存在，无法做到窃电的实时检测。At present, the electric meter used to measure the usage of electric energy still has the following defects: the accuracy is not high, and it cannot meet the data resolution required by the power supply side and the power consumer at the same time; power theft happens from time to time, and it can only be detected by fixed-point timing by manual means Real-time detection of electricity theft cannot be achieved.
因此，需要一种新型电表，对电表进行结构改造和升级，提高电表的检测效率和准确性，同时，在电表设备空间内引入实时防窃电设备，提高电表的防窃电性能。Therefore, there is a need for a new type of electric meter, which can be structurally modified and upgraded to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of the electric meter. At the same time, a real-time anti-stealing device is introduced into the electric meter equipment space to improve the anti-stealing performance of the electric meter.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种基于图像检测的智能型电表，通过对电表的内部结构去冗余化，改善电表对供电线路电力参数的检测精度，同时，采用有针对性的图像识别技术以实时检测到电表的封印和螺丝变动情况，从而进一步判断电表是否被窃电，避免供电部门的经济损失扩大。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a smart meter based on image detection. By de-redundantizing the internal structure of the meter, the detection accuracy of the meter to the power parameters of the power supply line is improved. At the same time, targeted image recognition is adopted The technology detects the seal and screw changes of the meter in real time, so as to further judge whether the meter has been stolen, and avoid the expansion of economic losses of the power supply department.
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种基于图像检测的智能型电表，包括高清图像采集设备、图像预处理设备、图像识别设备和主控制器，高清图像采集设备用于面向电表的外框进行拍摄以获得高清外框图像，图像预处理设备用于对高清外框图像进行图像预处理，并将预处理结果发送给图像识别设备以进行电表外框特征提取，主控制器与图像识别设备连接，用于基于提取的电表外框特征确定电表是否发生窃电。According to one aspect of the present invention, a smart meter based on image detection is provided, including a high-definition image acquisition device, an image preprocessing device, an image recognition device and a main controller. Shoot to obtain a high-definition frame image, the image preprocessing device is used to perform image preprocessing on the high-definition frame image, and send the preprocessing result to the image recognition device for feature extraction of the meter frame, the main controller is connected to the image recognition device , which is used to determine whether the electric meter steals electricity based on the extracted electric meter frame features.
更具体地，在所述基于图像检测的智能型电表中，包括：高清图像采集设备，设置在电表的上方，面向电表的外框进行拍摄，以获得高清外框图像；复杂度检测设备，与高清图像采集设备连接，用于接收高清外框图像，并基于高清外框图像计算并输出图像复杂度；灰度转化设备，与高清图像采集设备连接，用于接收高清外框图像，针对高清外框图像中的每一个像素点，提取其R、G、B三颜色通道分量，对R、G、B三颜色通道分量赋予不同的权重值以进行加权平均，以获得对应的灰度值，所有像素点的灰度值组成灰度化图像，其中R、G、B三颜色通道分量的权重值分别为0.3、0.59和0.11；图像滤波设备，分别与复杂度检测设备和灰度转化设备连接，用于基于图像复杂度确定选择的滤波策略，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围下限以下时，选择高斯滤波策略对灰度化图像进行滤波，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围上限以上时，选择均值滤波策略对灰度化图像进行滤波，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围以内时，选择中值滤波策略对灰度化图像进行滤波；全局二值化设备，分别与复杂度检测设备和图像滤波设备连接，用于基于图像复杂度确定全局二值化阈值的确定策略，在确定全局二值化阈值之后，使用全局二值化阈值将灰度化图像进行二值化处理，使得处理后的二值化图像的像素值只有0或255这二种选择，其中基于图像复杂度确定全局二值化阈值的确定策略具体包括：当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围下限以下时，采用双峰法确定全局二值化阈值，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围上限以上时，采用最大类间方差法确定全局二值化阈值，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围以内时，采用平均值法确定全局二值化阈值；图像校正设备，与全局二值化设备连接以接收二值化图像，用于对二值化图像依次进行旋转校正处理、冗余裁剪处理和图像归一化处理，以获得校正图像；轮廓检测设备，分别与图像校正设备和灰度转化设备连接，用于基于预设电表外框封印轮廓和电表外框螺丝轮廓检测校正图像中电表外框封印的位置和电表外框螺丝的位置，并基于校正图像中电表外框封印的位置从灰度化图像处分割出对应的电表外框封印图像，基于校正图像中电表外框螺丝的位置从灰度化图像处分割出对应的电表外框螺丝图像；封印移动识别设备，与轮廓检测设备和FLASH存储设备连接，用于确定电表外框封印图像和预设灰度外框封印图像之间的匹配程度，并基于匹配程度确定是否输出封印移动信号；螺丝变动识别设备，与轮廓检测设备和FLASH存储设备连接，用于确定电表外框螺丝图像和预设灰度外框螺丝图像之间的匹配程度，并基于匹配程度确定是否输出螺丝变动信号；电流传感器，与三相电力线路连接，用于对三相电力线路中的电流信号进行大小转换，输出相对于三相电力线路中的电流信号较小的微电流信号；电压传感器，与三相电力线路连接，用于对三相电力线路中的电压信号进行大小转换，输出相对于三相电力线路中的电压信号较小的微电压信号；抗混叠滤波电路，分别与电流传感器和电压传感器连接，用于对接收到的微电流信号和微电压信号进行抗混叠滤波处理，以输出处理后的微电流信号和微电压信号；三相电能计量设备，与抗混叠滤波电路连接，基于处理后的微电流信号和微电压信号确定三相电力线路中各相以及合相的有功功率、无功功率和视在功率；整流设备，与三相电力线路连接，用于将三相电力线路的交流电整流为直流电；稳压设备，与整流设备连接，用于对直流电进行稳压处理；变压设备，与稳压设备连接，用于对稳压后的直流电进行变压处理以获得各个电子设备所需要的工作电压，各个电子设备所需要的工作电压包括36V、12V、5V和3.3V；日历时钟设备，包括日历时钟芯片和锂电池，日历时钟芯片用于提供实时时钟数据，还通过同步串行接口I2C与DSP处理芯片连接，锂电池与日历时钟芯片连接，用于在断电情况下为日历时钟芯片提供备用电力支持；液晶显示设备，包括笔段式液晶显示驱动器和液晶显示屏，笔段式液晶显示驱动器通过同步串行接口I2C与DSP处理芯片连接，用于控制液晶显示屏上的显示内容；FLASH存储设备，采用容量为1M字节的AT45DB081芯片，通过串行外设接口SPI与DSP处理芯片进行双向数据交换，FLASH存储设备还用于存储预设灰度外框封印图像和预设灰度外框螺丝图像；集成通信设备，与DSP处理芯片连接，包括红外发射器、红外接收器、光耦器件、RS485驱动器和RS485通信接口，红外发射器采用38kHz的调制光，通信速率为1200bps，红外接收器采用集电极开路方式输出从接收到的红外光中解调出来的数字信号，RS485驱动器与RS485通信接口连接，光耦器件用于将红外发射器和红外接收器隔离于RS485驱动器和RS485通信接口；DSP处理芯片，与封印移动识别设备和螺丝变动识别设备分别连接，当接收到封印移动信号且接收到螺丝变动信号时，发出窃电确认信号，当只接收到封印移动信号或只接收到螺丝变动信号时，发出窃电疑似信号，当封印移动信号和螺丝变动信号都未接收到时，发出窃电否认信号；频分双工通信接口，与DSP处理芯片连接，用于将窃电确认信号、窃电疑似信号或窃电否认信号无线发送到远端的电力管理控制中心；其中，DSP处理芯片还分别与变压设备、日历时钟设备、液晶显示设备、FLASH存储设备、集成通信设备和三相电能计量设备连接，用于从三相电能计量设备处接收三相电力线路中各相以及合相的有功功率、无功功率和视在功率。More specifically, in the smart meter based on image detection, it includes: a high-definition image acquisition device, which is arranged above the meter, and shoots towards the outer frame of the meter to obtain a high-definition outer frame image; the complexity detection device and The high-definition image acquisition device is connected to receive the high-definition frame image, and calculates and outputs the image complexity based on the high-definition frame image; the grayscale conversion device is connected to the high-definition image acquisition device, used to receive the high-definition frame image For each pixel in the frame image, extract its R, G, and B three-color channel components, and assign different weight values to the R, G, and B three-color channel components for weighted average to obtain the corresponding gray value, all The grayscale values of the pixels form a grayscale image, wherein the weight values of the R, G, and B three color channel components are 0.3, 0.59, and 0.11 respectively; the image filtering equipment is connected with the complexity detection equipment and the grayscale conversion equipment respectively, It is used to determine the selected filtering strategy based on the image complexity. When the image complexity is below the lower limit of the preset complexity range, the Gaussian filter strategy is selected to filter the grayscale image. When the image complexity is above the upper limit of the preset complexity range When the mean value filtering strategy is selected to filter the grayscale image, when the image complexity is within the preset complexity range, the median filtering strategy is selected to filter the grayscale image; the global binarization equipment, respectively, and the complexity The detection device is connected with the image filtering device, and is used to determine the determination strategy of the global binarization threshold based on the complexity of the image. After the global binarization threshold is determined, the grayscale image is binarized using the global binarization threshold, The pixel value of the processed binarized image has only two options of 0 or 255, wherein the determination strategy for determining the global binarization threshold based on the image complexity specifically includes: when the image complexity is below the lower limit of the preset complexity range , use the bimodal method to determine the global binarization threshold, when the image complexity is above the upper limit of the preset complexity range, use the maximum inter-class variance method to determine the global binarization threshold, when the image complexity is within the preset complexity range When the average value method is used to determine the global binarization threshold; the image correction device is connected to the global binarization device to receive the binarized image, and is used to sequentially perform rotation correction processing, redundant cropping processing and image processing on the binarized image Normalization processing to obtain a corrected image; contour detection equipment, respectively connected with the image correction equipment and the grayscale conversion equipment, used to detect and correct the electric meter frame seal in the image based on the preset contour of the electric meter frame seal and the contour of the electric meter frame screw and the position of the meter frame screw, and segment the corresponding meter frame seal image from the grayscale image based on the position of the meter frame seal in the correction image, and segment the corresponding meter frame seal image from the grayscale image based on the position of the meter frame screw in the correction image Segment the corresponding electric meter frame screw image at the transformed image; seal the mobile recognition device, connect with the contour detection device and the FLASH storage device, and use to determine the matching degree between the sealed image of the electric meter frame and the preset grayscale frame seal image , and determine whether to output a seal movement signal based on the degree of matching; screw change recognition equipment, and contour detection equipment It is connected with the FLASH storage device to determine the matching degree between the screw image of the outer frame of the electric meter and the screw image of the preset grayscale outer frame, and determine whether to output the screw change signal based on the matching degree; the current sensor is connected to the three-phase power line, It is used to convert the current signal in the three-phase power line, and output a micro-current signal that is smaller than the current signal in the three-phase power line; The voltage signal in the circuit is converted in size, and the micro-voltage signal that is smaller than the voltage signal in the three-phase power line is output; the anti-aliasing filter circuit is connected with the current sensor and the voltage sensor respectively, and is used to analyze the received micro-current signal Perform anti-aliasing filter processing with the micro-voltage signal to output the processed micro-current signal and micro-voltage signal; the three-phase electric energy metering equipment is connected with the anti-aliasing filter circuit, and is determined based on the processed micro-current signal and micro-voltage signal The active power, reactive power and apparent power of each phase and combined phase in the three-phase power line; the rectification equipment, connected with the three-phase power line, is used to rectify the alternating current of the three-phase power line into direct current; the voltage stabilizing equipment, connected with the three-phase power line The connection of the rectification equipment is used to stabilize the direct current; the voltage transformation equipment is connected with the voltage stabilization equipment to perform voltage transformation on the stabilized direct current to obtain the working voltage required by each electronic equipment. The working voltage required includes 36V, 12V, 5V and 3.3V; the calendar clock device includes a calendar clock chip and a lithium battery, the calendar clock chip is used to provide real-time clock data, and is also connected to the DSP processing chip through a synchronous serial interface I2C, and the lithium battery The battery is connected with the calendar clock chip, which is used to provide backup power support for the calendar clock chip in the case of power failure; the liquid crystal display device includes a pen-segment liquid crystal display driver and a liquid crystal display, and the pen-segment liquid crystal display driver passes a synchronous serial interface I2C is connected with the DSP processing chip to control the display content on the LCD screen; the FLASH storage device adopts the AT45DB081 chip with a capacity of 1M bytes, and performs two-way data exchange with the DSP processing chip through the serial peripheral interface SPI, and FLASH storage The device is also used to store preset gray-scale frame seal images and preset gray-scale frame screw images; integrated communication equipment, connected with DSP processing chips, including infrared transmitters, infrared receivers, optocouplers, RS485 drivers and RS485 Communication interface, the infrared transmitter adopts 38kHz modulated light, the communication rate is 1200bps, the infrared receiver adopts the open collector mode to output the digital signal demodulated from the received infrared light, the RS485 driver is connected with the RS485 communication interface, and the optocoupler The device is used to isolate the infrared transmitter and infrared receiver from the RS485 driver and the RS485 communication interface; the DSP processing chip is connected to the seal movement identification device and the screw change identification device respectively, when the seal movement signal and the screw change signal are received , to send a stealing confirmation signal, when only the seal movement signal is received or only the screw When the wire change signal, it sends out a suspected electricity stealing signal, and when neither the seal movement signal nor the screw changing signal is received, it sends out a electricity stealing denial signal; the frequency division duplex communication interface is connected with the DSP processing chip to confirm the electricity stealing Signals, electricity-stealing suspected signals or electricity-stealing denial signals are sent wirelessly to the remote power management control center; among them, the DSP processing chip is also connected with the transformer equipment, calendar clock equipment, liquid crystal display equipment, FLASH storage equipment, integrated communication equipment and The three-phase electric energy metering equipment connection is used to receive the active power, reactive power and apparent power of each phase and combined phase in the three-phase power line from the three-phase electric energy metering equipment.
更具体地，在所述基于图像检测的智能型电表中：ZIGBEE通信接口，设置在电表的外框上。More specifically, in the smart meter based on image detection: the ZIGBEE communication interface is set on the outer frame of the meter.
更具体地，在所述基于图像检测的智能型电表中：ZIGBEE通信接口与DSP处理芯片连接，用于将三相电力线路中各相以及合相的有功功率、无功功率和视在功率发送到附近的抄表终端。More specifically, in the intelligent electric meter based on image detection: the ZIGBEE communication interface is connected with the DSP processing chip, which is used to transmit the active power, reactive power and apparent power of each phase and combined phase in the three-phase power line to a nearby meter reading terminal.
更具体地，在所述基于图像检测的智能型电表中：封印移动识别设备和螺丝变动识别设备分别采用不同型号的CPLD芯片来实现。More specifically, in the smart electric meter based on image detection: the seal movement recognition device and the screw change recognition device are realized by using different types of CPLD chips respectively.
更具体地，在所述基于图像检测的智能型电表中：红外发射器、红外接收器、光耦器件、RS485驱动器和RS485通信接口被集成在一块集成电路板上。More specifically, in the smart meter based on image detection: infrared transmitter, infrared receiver, optocoupler, RS485 driver and RS485 communication interface are integrated on one integrated circuit board.
附图说明Description of drawings
以下将结合附图对本发明的实施方案进行描述，其中：Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为根据本发明实施方案示出的基于图像检测的智能型电表的结构方框图。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of an image detection-based smart meter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记：1高清图像采集设备；2图像预处理设备；3图像识别设备；4主控制器Reference signs: 1 high-definition image acquisition equipment; 2 image preprocessing equipment; 3 image recognition equipment; 4 main controller
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将参照附图对本发明的基于图像检测的智能型电表的实施方案进行详细说明。The implementation of the smart electric meter based on image detection of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
电表与供电管理部门和用电方的经济利益密切相关，如果电表的测量结果不准，很容易导致收费不够客观，收费过多，则侵犯了用电方的经济利益，收费过少，则损害了供电管理部门的经济利益，因此，电表的测量精度一定要准确。The electricity meter is closely related to the economic interests of the power supply management department and the electricity consumer. If the measurement results of the electricity meter are inaccurate, it is easy to cause the charging to be not objective enough. If the charge is too high, the economic interests of the electricity consumer will be violated. If the charge is too small, it will damage the Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the meter must be accurate.
同时，对电表做手脚能够实现改变电表读数的窃电效果，这也是供电管理部门不愿意看到的，供电管理部门一般会对电表在机械和电子方面做出一些防窃电处理，然而，由于电表大多设置在用电方所在位置附近的公共区域内，长时间脱离供电管理部门的视野，这还是给窃电提供了机会。At the same time, tampering with the meter can achieve the effect of stealing electricity by changing the reading of the meter. This is what the power supply management department does not want to see. Most of the electricity meters are set in the public area near the location of the electricity consumer, and they are out of the sight of the power supply management department for a long time, which still provides opportunities for electricity theft.
为了克服上述不足，本发明搭建了一种基于图像检测的智能型电表，能够实时对电表进行检测，在发现窃电情况时立即进行报警，同时，还能够优化现有的电表的内部结构，提供电表的测量性能。In order to overcome the above deficiencies, the present invention builds a smart meter based on image detection, which can detect the meter in real time and give an alarm immediately when electricity theft is found. At the same time, it can also optimize the internal structure of the existing meter and provide The measurement performance of the meter.
图1为根据本发明实施方案示出的基于图像检测的智能型电表的结构方框图，包括高清图像采集设备、图像预处理设备、图像识别设备和主控制器，高清图像采集设备用于面向电表的外框进行拍摄以获得高清外框图像，图像预处理设备用于对高清外框图像进行图像预处理，并将预处理结果发送给图像识别设备以进行电表外框特征提取，主控制器与图像识别设备连接，用于基于提取的电表外框特征确定电表是否发生窃电。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of an image detection-based smart meter according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a high-definition image acquisition device, an image preprocessing device, an image recognition device, and a main controller. The high-definition image acquisition device is used for electric meters The outer frame is shot to obtain a high-definition outer frame image. The image preprocessing device is used to perform image preprocessing on the high-definition outer frame image, and the preprocessing result is sent to the image recognition device for feature extraction of the meter outer frame. The main controller and the image Identifying device connections is used to determine whether electricity theft has occurred on the meter based on the extracted features of the meter's outer frame.
接着，继续对本发明的基于图像检测的智能型电表的具体结构进行进一步的说明。Next, the specific structure of the smart electric meter based on image detection of the present invention will be further described.
所述电表包括：高清图像采集设备，设置在电表的上方，面向电表的外框进行拍摄，以获得高清外框图像；复杂度检测设备，与高清图像采集设备连接，用于接收高清外框图像，并基于高清外框图像计算并输出图像复杂度；灰度转化设备，与高清图像采集设备连接，用于接收高清外框图像，针对高清外框图像中的每一个像素点，提取其R、G、B三颜色通道分量，对R、G、B三颜色通道分量赋予不同的权重值以进行加权平均，以获得对应的灰度值，所有像素点的灰度值组成灰度化图像，其中R、G、B三颜色通道分量的权重值分别为0.3、0.59和0.11。The electric meter includes: a high-definition image acquisition device, arranged above the electric meter, and shooting towards the outer frame of the electric meter to obtain a high-definition outer frame image; a complexity detection device, connected with the high-definition image acquisition device, for receiving the high-definition outer frame image , and calculate and output the image complexity based on the high-definition frame image; the grayscale conversion device is connected with the high-definition image acquisition device to receive the high-definition frame image, and for each pixel in the high-definition frame image, extract its R, G, B three color channel components, assign different weight values to the R, G, B three color channel components for weighted average to obtain the corresponding gray value, the gray value of all pixels constitutes a gray scale image, where The weight values of the three color channel components of R, G, and B are 0.3, 0.59, and 0.11, respectively.
所述电表包括：图像滤波设备，分别与复杂度检测设备和灰度转化设备连接，用于基于图像复杂度确定选择的滤波策略，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围下限以下时，选择高斯滤波策略对灰度化图像进行滤波，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围上限以上时，选择均值滤波策略对灰度化图像进行滤波，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围以内时，选择中值滤波策略对灰度化图像进行滤波。The electricity meter includes: an image filtering device, which is respectively connected to a complexity detection device and a grayscale conversion device, and is used to determine a selected filtering strategy based on the image complexity. When the image complexity is below the lower limit of the preset complexity range, a Gaussian filter is selected. The filtering strategy filters the grayscale image. When the image complexity is above the upper limit of the preset complexity range, select the mean filtering strategy to filter the grayscale image. When the image complexity is within the preset complexity range, select The median filtering strategy filters the grayscale image.
所述电表包括：全局二值化设备，分别与复杂度检测设备和图像滤波设备连接，用于基于图像复杂度确定全局二值化阈值的确定策略，在确定全局二值化阈值之后，使用全局二值化阈值将灰度化图像进行二值化处理，使得处理后的二值化图像的像素值只有0或255这二种选择，其中基于图像复杂度确定全局二值化阈值的确定策略具体包括：当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围下限以下时，采用双峰法确定全局二值化阈值，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围上限以上时，采用最大类间方差法确定全局二值化阈值，当图像复杂度在预设复杂度范围以内时，采用平均值法确定全局二值化阈值。The electric meter includes: a global binarization device, which is respectively connected to a complexity detection device and an image filtering device, and is used to determine a determination strategy for a global binarization threshold based on image complexity. After determining the global binarization threshold, use the global The binarization threshold performs binarization processing on the grayscale image, so that the pixel value of the processed binarized image has only two options of 0 or 255, and the determination strategy for determining the global binarization threshold based on image complexity is specific Including: when the image complexity is below the lower limit of the preset complexity range, the bimodal method is used to determine the global binarization threshold; when the image complexity is above the upper limit of the preset complexity range, the global binary threshold is determined by the maximum inter-class variance method Value threshold, when the image complexity is within the preset complexity range, the average value method is used to determine the global binarization threshold.
所述电表包括：图像校正设备，与全局二值化设备连接以接收二值化图像，用于对二值化图像依次进行旋转校正处理、冗余裁剪处理和图像归一化处理，以获得校正图像；轮廓检测设备，分别与图像校正设备和灰度转化设备连接，用于基于预设电表外框封印轮廓和电表外框螺丝轮廓检测校正图像中电表外框封印的位置和电表外框螺丝的位置，并基于校正图像中电表外框封印的位置从灰度化图像处分割出对应的电表外框封印图像，基于校正图像中电表外框螺丝的位置从灰度化图像处分割出对应的电表外框螺丝图像。The electric meter includes: an image correction device connected to the global binarization device to receive the binarized image, and is used to sequentially perform rotation correction processing, redundant cropping processing and image normalization processing on the binarization image to obtain the corrected Image; contour detection equipment, respectively connected with the image correction equipment and the grayscale conversion equipment, used for detecting and correcting the position of the seal of the housing of the electric meter and the screw of the housing of the electric meter based on the contour of the housing of the electric meter and the contour of the housing of the electric meter in the correction image Based on the location of the meter frame seal in the corrected image, the corresponding meter frame seal image is segmented from the grayscale image, and the corresponding meter frame is segmented from the grayscale image based on the position of the meter frame screw in the corrected image Image of frame screws.
所述电表包括：封印移动识别设备，与轮廓检测设备和FLASH存储设备连接，用于确定电表外框封印图像和预设灰度外框封印图像之间的匹配程度，并基于匹配程度确定是否输出封印移动信号；螺丝变动识别设备，与轮廓检测设备和FLASH存储设备连接，用于确定电表外框螺丝图像和预设灰度外框螺丝图像之间的匹配程度，并基于匹配程度确定是否输出螺丝变动信号。The electric meter includes: a seal mobile identification device, which is connected with an outline detection device and a FLASH storage device, and is used to determine the matching degree between the seal image of the outer frame of the electric meter and the preset grayscale outer frame seal image, and determine whether to output Seal movement signal; screw change recognition device, connected with contour detection device and FLASH storage device, used to determine the matching degree between the screw image of the outer frame of the meter and the screw image of the preset gray-scale outer frame, and determine whether to output the screw based on the matching degree change signal.
所述电表包括：电流传感器，与三相电力线路连接，用于对三相电力线路中的电流信号进行大小转换，输出相对于三相电力线路中的电流信号较小的微电流信号；电压传感器，与三相电力线路连接，用于对三相电力线路中的电压信号进行大小转换，输出相对于三相电力线路中的电压信号较小的微电压信号；抗混叠滤波电路，分别与电流传感器和电压传感器连接，用于对接收到的微电流信号和微电压信号进行抗混叠滤波处理，以输出处理后的微电流信号和微电压信号。The electric meter includes: a current sensor, connected to the three-phase power line, used to convert the current signal in the three-phase power line, and output a micro-current signal that is smaller than the current signal in the three-phase power line; the voltage sensor , connected to the three-phase power line, used to convert the voltage signal in the three-phase power line, and output a micro-voltage signal that is smaller than the voltage signal in the three-phase power line; the anti-aliasing filter circuit is connected with the current The sensor is connected with the voltage sensor, and is used for anti-aliasing filtering processing on the received micro-current signal and micro-voltage signal, so as to output the processed micro-current signal and micro-voltage signal.
所述电表包括：三相电能计量设备，与抗混叠滤波电路连接，基于处理后的微电流信号和微电压信号确定三相电力线路中各相以及合相的有功功率、无功功率和视在功率；整流设备，与三相电力线路连接，用于将三相电力线路的交流电整流为直流电；稳压设备，与整流设备连接，用于对直流电进行稳压处理。The electric meter includes: a three-phase electric energy metering device connected to an anti-aliasing filter circuit, and based on the processed micro-current signal and micro-voltage signal to determine the active power, reactive power and visual In terms of power; rectification equipment, connected to the three-phase power line, used to rectify the alternating current of the three-phase power line to direct current; voltage stabilizing equipment, connected to the rectification equipment, used to stabilize the direct current.
所述电表包括：变压设备，与稳压设备连接，用于对稳压后的直流电进行变压处理以获得各个电子设备所需要的工作电压，各个电子设备所需要的工作电压包括36V、12V、5V和3.3V；日历时钟设备，包括日历时钟芯片和锂电池，日历时钟芯片用于提供实时时钟数据，还通过同步串行接口I2C与DSP处理芯片连接，锂电池与日历时钟芯片连接，用于在断电情况下为日历时钟芯片提供备用电力支持。The electric meter includes: a voltage transforming device connected to a voltage stabilizing device for transforming the stabilized direct current to obtain the working voltage required by each electronic device. The required working voltage of each electronic device includes 36V, 12V , 5V and 3.3V; calendar clock equipment, including a calendar clock chip and a lithium battery, the calendar clock chip is used to provide real-time clock data, and is also connected to the DSP processing chip through a synchronous serial interface I2C, and the lithium battery is connected to the calendar clock chip. It is used to provide backup power support for the calendar clock chip in case of power failure.
所述电表包括：液晶显示设备，包括笔段式液晶显示驱动器和液晶显示屏，笔段式液晶显示驱动器通过同步串行接口I2C与DSP处理芯片连接，用于控制液晶显示屏上的显示内容；FLASH存储设备，采用容量为1M字节的AT45DB081芯片，通过串行外设接口SPI与DSP处理芯片进行双向数据交换，FLASH存储设备还用于存储预设灰度外框封印图像和预设灰度外框螺丝图像。The electric meter includes: a liquid crystal display device, including a segment type liquid crystal display driver and a liquid crystal display, and the segment type liquid crystal display driver is connected with a DSP processing chip through a synchronous serial interface I2C, and is used to control display content on the liquid crystal display; The FLASH storage device adopts the AT45DB081 chip with a capacity of 1M bytes, and performs two-way data exchange with the DSP processing chip through the serial peripheral interface SPI. The FLASH storage device is also used to store the preset grayscale outer frame seal image and preset grayscale Image of frame screws.
所述电表包括：集成通信设备，与DSP处理芯片连接，包括红外发射器、红外接收器、光耦器件、RS485驱动器和RS485通信接口，红外发射器采用38kHz的调制光，通信速率为1200bps，红外接收器采用集电极开路方式输出从接收到的红外光中解调出来的数字信号，RS485驱动器与RS485通信接口连接，光耦器件用于将红外发射器和红外接收器隔离于RS485驱动器和RS485通信接口。The electric meter includes: an integrated communication device, connected with a DSP processing chip, including an infrared transmitter, an infrared receiver, an optocoupler, an RS485 driver, and an RS485 communication interface. The infrared transmitter uses 38kHz modulated light with a communication rate of 1200bps. The receiver uses an open collector to output the digital signal demodulated from the received infrared light, the RS485 driver is connected to the RS485 communication interface, and the optocoupler is used to isolate the infrared transmitter and infrared receiver from the RS485 driver and RS485 communication interface.
所述电表包括：DSP处理芯片，与封印移动识别设备和螺丝变动识别设备分别连接，当接收到封印移动信号且接收到螺丝变动信号时，发出窃电确认信号，当只接收到封印移动信号或只接收到螺丝变动信号时，发出窃电疑似信号，当封印移动信号和螺丝变动信号都未接收到时，发出窃电否认信号。The electric meter includes: a DSP processing chip, which is respectively connected to the seal movement identification device and the screw change identification device. When receiving the seal movement signal and the screw change signal, it sends out a stealing confirmation signal. When only the seal movement signal or the screw change signal is received When only the screw change signal is received, a power stealing suspected signal is sent out, and when neither the seal movement signal nor the screw change signal is received, a power stealing denial signal is sent out.
所述电表包括：频分双工通信接口，与DSP处理芯片连接，用于将窃电确认信号、窃电疑似信号或窃电否认信号无线发送到远端的电力管理控制中心。The electric meter includes: a frequency-division duplex communication interface connected to a DSP processing chip for wirelessly sending electricity stealing confirmation signals, electricity stealing suspected signals or electricity stealing deny signals to a remote power management control center.
其中，DSP处理芯片还分别与变压设备、日历时钟设备、液晶显示设备、FLASH存储设备、集成通信设备和三相电能计量设备连接，用于从三相电能计量设备处接收三相电力线路中各相以及合相的有功功率、无功功率和视在功率。Among them, the DSP processing chip is also respectively connected with transformer equipment, calendar clock equipment, liquid crystal display equipment, FLASH storage equipment, integrated communication equipment and three-phase electric energy metering equipment, and is used to receive three-phase electric energy from the three-phase electric energy metering equipment. The active power, reactive power and apparent power of each phase and combined phase.
可选地，在所述电表中：ZIGBEE通信接口，设置在电表的外框上；ZIGBEE通信接口与DSP处理芯片连接，用于将三相电力线路中各相以及合相的有功功率、无功功率和视在功率发送到附近的抄表终端；封印移动识别设备和螺丝变动识别设备分别采用不同型号的CPLD芯片来实现；以及可以将红外发射器、红外接收器、光耦器件、RS485驱动器和RS485通信接口集成在一块集成电路板上。Optionally, in the electric meter: the ZIGBEE communication interface is arranged on the outer frame of the electric meter; the ZIGBEE communication interface is connected with the DSP processing chip, which is used to connect the active power and reactive power of each phase and the combined phase in the three-phase power line The power and apparent power are sent to the nearby meter reading terminal; the seal mobile identification device and the screw change identification device are respectively implemented with different types of CPLD chips; and the infrared transmitter, infrared receiver, optocoupler device, RS485 driver and The RS485 communication interface is integrated on an integrated circuit board.
另外，DSP芯片，也称数字信号处理器，是一种特别适合于进行数字信号处理运算的微处理器，其主要应用是实时快速地实现各种数字信号处理算法。In addition, a DSP chip, also known as a digital signal processor, is a microprocessor that is particularly suitable for digital signal processing operations. Its main application is to realize various digital signal processing algorithms in real time and quickly.
根据数字信号处理的要求，DSP芯片一般具有如下主要特点：(1)在一个指令周期内可完成一次乘法和一次加法；(2)程序和数据空间分开，可以同时访问指令和数据；(3)片内具有快速RAM，通常可通过独立的数据总线在两块中同时访问；(4)具有低开销或无开销循环及跳转的硬件支持；(5)快速的中断处理和硬件I/O支持；(6)具有在单周期内操作的多个硬件地址产生器；(7)可以并行执行多个操作；(8)支持流水线操作，使取指、译码和执行等操作可以重叠执行。According to the requirements of digital signal processing, DSP chips generally have the following main features: (1) one multiplication and one addition can be completed within one instruction cycle; (2) the program and data spaces are separated, and instructions and data can be accessed at the same time; (3) There is fast RAM on-chip, which can usually be accessed simultaneously in two blocks through an independent data bus; (4) hardware support with low or no overhead loop and jump; (5) fast interrupt processing and hardware I/O support ; (6) Multiple hardware address generators operating in a single cycle; (7) Multiple operations can be performed in parallel; (8) Pipeline operation is supported, so that operations such as instruction fetching, decoding, and execution can be overlapped.
采用本发明的基于图像检测的智能型电表，针对现有技术电表精度不高且无法实时防窃电的技术问题，通过对电表的测量机制进行优化，提高测量的准确性，还引入了基于图像处理的封印检测设备和螺丝检测设备，用于识别电表外框上封印和螺丝的变动情况，并基于电表外框上封印和螺丝的变动情况实时做出电表是否被窃电的报警操作，从而解决了上述技术问题。Using the smart meter based on image detection of the present invention, aiming at the technical problems that the accuracy of the meter in the prior art is not high and cannot prevent electricity theft in real time, by optimizing the measurement mechanism of the meter, the accuracy of the measurement is improved, and the image-based The processed seal detection equipment and screw detection equipment are used to identify the changes of the seal and screws on the outer frame of the meter, and make an alarm operation in real time based on the changes of the seal and screws on the outer frame of the meter, so as to solve the problem the above technical problems.
可以理解的是，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上，然而上述实施例并非用以限定本发明。对于任何熟悉本领域的技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。It can be understood that although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For any person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, the technical content disclosed above can be used to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or be modified into equivalent changes, etc. effective example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention, which do not deviate from the technical solution of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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| CN201610180549.2ACN105675945A (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2016-03-25 | A method of using an intelligent electric meter based on image detection |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20160615 | |
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |