本申请是第200780053229.X号中国发明专利申请的分案申请。This application is a divisional application of Chinese Invention Patent Application No. 200780053229.X.
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及带有正电荷和水溶性的非甾体抗炎药(NSAIAs)前药的设计和制备，这些前药可快速穿透皮肤、疤痕、血奶屏障、和血脑屏障，本发明还涉及这些前药的新用途，用于治疗和预防糖尿病(I型和II型)、血糖异常和血脂异常、中风、心肌梗塞及其它心脏及血管疾病，阿尔兹海默症、帕金森氏病及其它神经退行性疾病，牛皮癣、盘状红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、自身免疫性肝炎、硬皮病、萧格仑症候群、类风湿性关节炎、多肌炎、硬皮病、桥本氏甲状腺炎、青少年糖尿病、艾迪生病(Addison disease)、白癫风、恶性贫血、血管球性肾炎，和肺纤维化、多发性硬化(MS)、克罗恩氏病(Crohn′s disease)、及其它自身免疫性疾病，肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)，眼咽肌营养不良(OPMD)，肌强直性营养不良(MD)，杜馨氏肌肉失养症(DMD)、多肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)、及其它肌肉疾病，痔疮、发炎的痔疮、辐照后(人工性)直肠炎、慢性溃疡性结肠炎、隐窝炎、及其它肛门直肠的炎症状态，和肛门瘙痒、前列腺炎、前列腺膀胱炎、静脉曲张、自身免疫性肝炎，自身免疫性肾炎，结肠直肠炎症、肠炎、静脉炎、血管炎症及其它炎症、皮肤癌、乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌、口腔癌、肺及其它呼吸系统癌症、子宫癌、生殖癌、泌尿器官癌症、白血病及其它血液及淋巴组织癌症及其它癌症，疤痕、异常血管皮肤病变、胎记、黑痣(色素痣)、皮肤下垂、老年斑(褐黄斑)、及其它皮肤病。这些前药可无需任何皮肤渗透促进剂即可直接透皮给药。The present invention relates to the design and preparation of positively charged and water-soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIAs) prodrugs that can rapidly penetrate the skin, scars, blood-milk barrier, and blood-brain barrier, and also Novel uses involving these prodrugs for the treatment and prevention of diabetes (types I and II), dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction and other heart and vascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Other neurodegenerative diseases, psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune hepatitis, scleroderma, Xiaogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, scleroderma, bridge Ben's thyroiditis, juvenile diabetes, Addison disease, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, glomerulonephritis, and pulmonary fibrosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn's disease ), and other autoimmune diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), myotonic dystrophy (MD), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), and other muscle diseases, hemorrhoids, inflamed hemorrhoids, post-irradiation (artificial) proctitis, chronic ulcerative colitis, cryptitis, and other anorectal inflammatory states, and anal pruritus, prostatitis, prostatic cystitis, varicose veins, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune nephritis, colorectal inflammation, enteritis, phlebitis, vascular inflammation and other inflammations, skin cancer, Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, oral cancer, lung and other respiratory cancers, uterine cancer, reproductive cancer, urinary organ cancer, leukemia and other blood and lymphoid tissue cancers and other cancers, scars, abnormal vascular skin lesions, birthmarks, moles (pigmented nevi), sagging skin, age spots (Chloasma), and other skin diseases. These prodrugs can be administered directly transdermally without any skin penetration enhancers.
技术背景technical background
非甾体抗炎药用于缓解类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎和强直性脊柱炎的迹象和症状。非甾体抗炎药被单独地或作为辅助药物用于治疗胆绞痛，发烧和外阴切开术后的疼痛。它也被用于治疗痛风，急性偏头痛和肾绞痛，并用于治疗病人在白内障摘除术后的发炎。阿司匹林可用于预防心脏和血管疾病。NSAIDs are used to relieve signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used alone or as adjunctive drugs to treat biliary colic, fever, and pain after episiotomy. It is also used to treat gout, acute migraine and renal colic, and to treat inflammation in patients following cataract extraction. Aspirin can be used to prevent heart and blood vessel disease.
然而，使用非甾体抗炎药会产生许多副反应，最主要的是胃肠消化道不适如消化不良，胃与十二指肠出血，胃溃疡和胃炎。Fishman(Fishman；Robert、U.S.Pat.No.7,052,715)指出伴随口服用药产生的另一问题是，为了能有效治疗远端位置产生的疼痛或炎症，血液循环中的药物浓度必须达到很高。这些浓度往往远高于假设药物能直接靶向作用于疼痛或受伤部位的实际所需。Fishman和许多其他人(Van Engelen等，美国专利号6,416,772；Macrides等，美国专利号6,346'278；Kirby等，美国专利号6,444,234、Pearson等，美国专利号6,528,040、以及Botknecht等，美国专利号5,885,597)尝试过通过制剂的方法开发一种透皮给药传递系统。Song等人开发了一种含有双氯芬酸二乙铵盐的抗炎镇静剂的透皮药物传递系统(Song等，美国专利号6,723,337)。Donati等人开发了一种局部使用的含有肝素和双氯芬酸的药膏(Donati等，美国专利号6,592,891)。Kawaji等人开发了一种含有双氯芬酸钠的外用油状贴片(Kawaji等，美国专利号6，262,121)。Effing等开发了透皮传递双氯酚酸的器材(Effing等，美国专利号6,193,996)。然而，通过制剂的方法难以将非甾体抗炎药传递入宿主体内并达到治疗有效血浆浓度。Susan Milosovich等设计并合成了4-二甲基氨基丁酸睾酮酯盐酸盐(TSBH)，其具有一脂溶性的部分和一个在生理pH下以质子化形式存在的三级胺结构。他们发现这个前药(TSBH)透过人体皮肤的速度是母药(TS)的近60倍[SusanMilosovich，et al.，J.Pharm.Sci.，82，227(1993)。However, the use of NSAIDs can cause many side effects, the most important being gastrointestinal discomfort such as dyspepsia, gastric and duodenal bleeding, gastric ulcers and gastritis. Fishman (Fishman; Robert, U.S. Pat. No. 7,052,715) noted that another problem associated with oral administration is that in order to be effective in treating pain or inflammation at a distal site, the drug must have high circulating concentrations in the blood. These concentrations are often much higher than what is actually needed assuming that the drug can directly target the site of pain or injury. Fishman and many others (Van Engelen et al., US Pat. No. 6,416,772; Macrides et al., US Pat. No. 6,346'278; Kirby et al., US Pat. No. 6,444,234, Pearson et al., US Pat. No. 6,528,040, and Botknecht et al., US Pat. No. 5,885,597) Attempts have been made to develop a transdermal drug delivery system by means of formulation. Song et al. developed a transdermal drug delivery system for an anti-inflammatory sedative containing diclofenac diethylammonium salt (Song et al., US Pat. No. 6,723,337). Donati et al. developed a topical ointment containing heparin and diclofenac (Donati et al., US Patent No. 6,592,891). Kawaji et al. developed a topical oily patch containing diclofenac sodium (Kawaji et al., US Patent No. 6,262,121). A device for transdermal delivery of diclofenac has been developed by Effing et al. (Effing et al., US Patent No. 6,193,996). However, it is difficult to deliver NSAIDs into the host and achieve therapeutically effective plasma concentrations by means of formulation. Susan Milosovich et al. designed and synthesized testosterone 4-dimethylaminobutyrate hydrochloride (TSBH), which has a lipid-soluble moiety and a tertiary amine structure that exists in a protonated form at physiological pH. They found that this prodrug (TSBH) penetrated human skin nearly 60 times faster than the parent drug (TS) [Susan Milosovich, et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 227 (1993).
技术问题technical problem
某些非甾体抗炎药作为药用已经100多年。非甾体抗炎药用于缓解类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎的迹象和症状，缓解中轻度疼痛，退烧和治疗月经疼痛。它们是世界上使用最广泛的药物。Certain NSAIDs have been used medicinally for over 100 years. NSAIDs are used to relieve signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, relieve mild to moderate pain, reduce fever, and treat menstrual pain. They are the most widely used drugs in the world.
然而，使用非甾体抗炎药会产生许多副作用，最主要的是胃肠道不适如消化不良，胃灼热、呕吐、胃与十二指肠出血，胃溃疡和胃炎。非甾体抗炎药引发的胃与十二指肠出血往往是无痛的，但是会引起大便出血和持续的缺铁性贫血。However, the use of NSAIDs can have many side effects, the most important being gastrointestinal discomfort such as indigestion, heartburn, vomiting, gastric and duodenal bleeding, gastric ulcers and gastritis. Gastric and duodenal bleeding from NSAIDs is often painless, but can cause bleeding in the stool and persistent iron-deficiency anemia.
透皮给药系统可帮助避免药物直接损伤胃肠道，以及避免药物在胃肠道及肝脏中由于“首过”效应引起的药物失活。通过使用皮肤渗透促进剂的传统透皮给药剂型存在许多局限性。首先，药物穿透皮肤的速度很慢(以μg/cm2/h为计量单位)。其次，大量的皮肤渗透促进剂进入宿主体内可能会导致非常严重的副作用。Transdermal drug delivery systems can help avoid direct damage to the gastrointestinal tract, as well as drug inactivation due to a "first pass" effect in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. There are a number of limitations to traditional transdermal dosage forms through the use of skin penetration enhancers. First, the rate at which the drug penetrates the skin is slow (measured in μg/cm2 /h). Second, the introduction of large amounts of dermal penetration enhancers into the host can lead to very serious side effects.
解决方案solution
透皮给药系统可帮助避免药物直接损伤胃肠道，以及避免药物在胃肠道及肝脏中由于“首过”效应引起药物失活。通过使用皮肤渗透促进剂的传统透皮给药剂型存在许多局限性。首先，药物穿透皮肤的速度很慢(以μg/in2/h为计量单位)。其次，大量的皮肤渗透促进剂进入宿主体内可能会导致额外的副作用。第三，在通过使用皮肤渗透促进剂的传统透皮给药剂型中，虽然制剂中高浓度的渗透促进剂可帮助药物穿过皮肤，但当渗透促进剂和药物进入皮肤后，渗透促进剂的浓度会被显著稀释，从而不能帮助药物分子跨过更多的生物膜，因此药物分子会在皮下脂肪层聚集，而聚集的药物可能会导致非常严重甚至是致命的副作用。Transdermal drug delivery systems can help avoid direct damage to the gastrointestinal tract, as well as drug inactivation due to a "first pass" effect in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. There are a number of limitations to traditional transdermal dosage forms through the use of skin penetration enhancers. First, the rate at which the drug penetrates the skin is slow (measured in μg/in2 /h). Second, the introduction of large amounts of skin penetration enhancers into the host may lead to additional side effects. Third, in traditional transdermal dosage forms by using skin penetration enhancers, although a high concentration of the penetration enhancer in the formulation can help the drug pass through the skin, when the penetration enhancer and the drug enter the skin, the concentration of the penetration enhancer will be significantly diluted to help the drug molecules cross more biofilms, so the drug molecules will accumulate in the subcutaneous fat layer, and the accumulated drug may cause very serious or even fatal side effects.
药物的生物利用度可衡量给药后的药物进入系统循环的相对量。但是大多数药物的“作用位点”并不在系统循环。即使药物分子到达了系统循环，它们也必须穿过更多的生物膜，这些生物膜比胃肠道黏膜更难以穿过，而且药物在到达所谓“作用位点”的难以达到的区域之前会与细胞间和细胞内的液体相互作用；因此大多数药物在到达“作用位点”前就会被肠粘膜，肝脏，血液、肾脏和肺代谢。这一情况不仅造成了较低的药理效应，而且也会对肠粘膜，血液、肝脏，肾脏和肺产生毒性负担。如果我们能提高药物穿过各种生物膜的速度，药物的药理效应和临床效果可以大大提高，因此所需的药物剂量更少，产生的副作用更少。由于前药具有很快的皮肤穿透和生物膜穿透的速率，因此这些前药的透皮给药系统不仅可以用于治疗局部的疾病而且可以治疗系统性的疾病。因为前药的疗效比母药提高了几十倍或几百倍，所以只需要常规用药剂量的几十分之一或几百分之一，而且产生的副作用更少。这些不仅对透皮给药大有益处，而且也有利于其它药物传递系统(如口服、皮下给药、静脉给药、吸入给药和鼻腔给药)。The bioavailability of a drug is a measure of the relative amount of drug that enters the systemic circulation after administration. But the "site of action" of most drugs is not in the systemic circulation. Even if drug molecules reach the systemic circulation, they must pass through more biofilms, which are more difficult to penetrate than the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, and the drugs will interact with the inaccessible areas called "sites of action" before they reach the inaccessible areas. Intercellular and intracellular fluid interactions; therefore most drugs are metabolized by the intestinal mucosa, liver, blood, kidneys and lungs before reaching the "site of action". This situation not only results in a lower pharmacological effect, but also creates a toxic burden on the intestinal mucosa, blood, liver, kidneys and lungs. If we can increase the speed at which drugs pass through various biofilms, the pharmacological and clinical effects of drugs can be greatly improved, thus requiring fewer drug doses and producing fewer side effects. Since prodrugs have fast skin penetration and biofilm penetration rates, transdermal drug delivery systems for these prodrugs can be used to treat not only local but also systemic diseases. Because the curative effect of the prodrug is improved by dozens or hundreds of times than that of the parent drug, only a few tenths or a few hundredth of the conventional dose is required, and there are fewer side effects. These are of great benefit not only for transdermal administration, but also for other drug delivery systems (eg oral, subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalation and nasal).
我们发现具有一个亲脂部分和一个在生理pH值时可以质子化形式存在的一级胺、二级胺，或三级胺基团(优选三级胺基团)(亲水部分)的药物能以极快的速度(以mg/cm2/h为计量单位)穿透皮肤，疤痕，血-脑屏障和血-奶屏障。设计这些非甾体抗炎药的前药的原则有：We have found that drugs having a lipophilic moiety and a primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine group (preferably a tertiary amine group) (hydrophilic moiety) that can exist in protonated form at physiological pH can be Penetrates skin, scars, blood-brain barrier and blood-milk barrier at an extremely fast rate (measured in mg/cm2 /h). The principles behind the design of prodrugs of these NSAIDs are:
1.前药必须有一个亲脂部分和一个在生理pH值时可以质子化形式存在的一级胺、二级胺，或三级胺基团(优选三级胺基团)(亲水部分)。1. The prodrug must have a lipophilic moiety and a primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine group (preferably a tertiary amine group) that can exist in protonated form at physiological pH (hydrophilic moiety) .
2.每个非甾体抗炎药的前药中应当只有一个或二个(优选一个)在生理pH时可以质子化形式存在的一级、二级或三级胺基团(亲水部分)。2. Each NSAID prodrug should have only one or two (preferably one) primary, secondary or tertiary amine groups (hydrophilic moieties) that can exist in protonated form at physiological pH .
3.一级胺、二级胺或三级胺基团的主要作用是帮助药物分子透过皮肤、疤痕、生物膜、血脑屏障、血奶屏障和其他屏障。一级胺、二级胺或三级胺基团可以是无毒的且不影响母药的生物活性的任何结构。3. The primary role of primary, secondary or tertiary amine groups is to help drug molecules penetrate skin, scars, biofilms, blood-brain barrier, blood-milk barrier and other barriers. The primary amine, secondary amine or tertiary amine group can be any structure that is nontoxic and does not interfere with the biological activity of the parent drug.
我们已经在多个专利(国际专利申请号：PCT/IB2006/052732、PCT/IB2006/052318、PCT/IB2006/052815、PCT/IB2006/052563、PCT/IB2006/052575、PCT/IB2006/053741、PCT/IB2006/053091、PCT/IB2006/053090、PCT/IB2006/052549)中公开了具有通式(1)“结构式1”的全部非甾体抗炎药的某些前药。We have been in a number of patents (International Patent Application No.: PCT/IB2006/052732, PCT/IB2006/052318, PCT/IB2006/052815, PCT/IB2006/052563, PCT/IB2006/052575, PCT/IB2006/053741, PCT/ Certain prodrugs of all NSAIDs of general formula (1) "Structure 1" are disclosed in IB2006/053091, PCT/IB2006/053090, PCT/IB2006/052549).
[Chem1][Chem1]
其中，R代表支链或直链-(CH2)n-，n＝0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、...，在-(CH2)n-中，任何CH2可以被O，S，NR8，CH＝CH，C≡C，CHR8，CR8R9，芳基或杂芳基，或其它任何药学上可接受的基团；R1或R2代表H，任何1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基或炔基，芳基或杂芳基，其中，任何CH2可以被O，S，CH＝CH，C≡C，CHR8，CR8R9，芳基或杂芳基，或其它任何药学上可接受的基团取代；X代表O，NH或NR8，S或没有原子；R8代表H，OH，Cl，F，Br，I，任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基或炔基，芳基或杂芳基；R9代表H，OH，Cl，F，Br，I，任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基或炔基，芳基或杂芳基；HA代表没有原子，HCl，HBr，HF，HI，HOAc，柠檬酸，或任何药学上可接受的酸。所有的R，R1，R2，R8，R9或-(CH2)n-基团可以是支链或直链，可以含有C、H、O、Cl、Br、F、I、P、S、N或任何药学上可接受的其他原子，可以有单键，双键，或/和三键；所有的R，R1，R2，R8，R9或-(CH2)n-基团可以有手性或没有手性，如果有手性基团，则其可含有一个或多个手性中心，可以是单一的(R)或(S)对映体或者(R)和(S)对映体的混合物。Ary-代表，但不限于：Wherein, R represents branched or straight chain -(CH2 )n -, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, ..., in -(CH2 )n -, any CH2 can be represented by O, S, NR8 , CH=CH, C≡C, CHR8 , CR8 R9 , aryl or heteroaryl, or any other pharmaceutically acceptable Accepted groups; R1 or R2 represents H, any alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, haloalkyl or alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl of1 to12 carbon atoms, wherein , any CH2 can be substituted by O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR8 , CR8 R9 , aryl or heteroaryl, or any other pharmaceutically acceptable group; X represents O, NH or NR8 , S or no atom; R8 represents H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, any alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, haloalkyl of any 1-12 carbon atoms Or alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R9 represents H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, any 1-12 carbon atoms alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, haloalkyl or alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl; HA represents no atoms, HCl, HBr, HF, HI, HOAc, citric acid, or any pharmaceutically acceptable acid. All R, R1 , R2 , R8 , R9 or -(CH2 )n - groups may be branched or straight and may contain C, H, O, Cl, Br, F, I, P , S, N or any other pharmaceutically acceptable atom, which may have single, double, or/and triple bonds; all R, R1 , R2 , R8 , R9 or -(CH2 )n - The group may be chiral or not, and if there is a chiral group, it may contain one or more chiral centers and may be a single (R) or (S) enantiomer or (R) and (S) Mixture of enantiomers. Ary - represents, but is not limited to:
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[Chem.37][Chem.37]
[Chem.38][Chem.38]
其中，Rx代表H、CH3、CH3O、OH、CH3CH2、CF3、CHF2、CH2F、Cl、F、Br、F；Ry代表H、任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基或炔基，芳基或者杂芳基；X1或X4代表CH2、S、O、NH或CO；X2或X5代表CH、CR8或N；X3代表O、S、NH或NR8；Y、Y1、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5或Y6各自独立代表H、HO、CH3COO、RyCOO、HS、NO2、CN、CH3COS、NH2、CH3CONH、RyCONH、CH3、CH3CH2、C3H7、C4H9、CH3O、CH3CH2O、C3H7O、Cl、F、Br、I、CH3S、CHF2O、CF3O、CF3CF2O、C3F7O、CF3、CF3CF2、C3F7、C4F9、CH3SO2、RySO2、CH3SO、RySO、CH3CO、CH3CH2CO；任何Ary-可以有手性或没有手性；如果Ary-有手性，则可以有一个或多个手性中心，可以是单一的(R)或(S)对映体或者(R)和(S)对映体的混合物。Wherein, Rx represents H, CH3 , CH3 O, OH, CH3 CH2 , CF3 , CHF2 , CH2 F, Cl, F, Br, F; Ry represents H, any 1-12 carbon atoms alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, haloalkyl or alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl; X1 or X4 represents CH2 , S, O, NH or CO; X2 or X5 represents CH, CR8 or N; X3 represents O, S, NH or NR8 ; Y, Y1 , Y2 , Y3 , Y4 , Y5 or Y6 independently represent H, HO, CH3 COO ,RyCOO , HS,NO2 , CN,CH3COS ,NH2 ,CH3CONH ,RyCONH ,CH3 ,CH3CH2 ,C3H7,C4H9,CH3O ,CH3CH2O ,C3H7O ,Cl , F,Br , I,CH3S ,CHF2O ,CF3O ,CF3CF2O,C3F7O,CF3,CF3CF2 ,C3F7 ,C4F9 ,CH3SO2 ,RySO2 ,CH3SO,RySO ,CH3CO ,CH3CH2CO;anyAry- may or may not bechiral ; If Ary- is chiral, it may have one or more chiral centers, which may be a single (R) or (S) enantiomer or a mixture of (R) and (S) enantiomers.
我们发现一级胺、二级胺或三级胺基团的主要作用仅仅是帮助药物穿过皮肤、生物膜、血-脑屏障，血-奶屏障或其它屏障，因此一级胺、二级胺或三级胺基团可以是任何无毒且不影响母药生物活性的结构。根据这一特性我们设计并合成了不同类型的胺基。这些非甾体抗炎药的新型前药具有通式(2a，2b，2c或2d)″结构式2a，2b，2c或2d″。We found that the primary role of the primary, secondary or tertiary amine group is simply to help the drug cross the skin, biofilm, blood-brain barrier, blood-milk barrier or other barriers, so primary, secondary amine Or the tertiary amine group can be any structure that is non-toxic and does not affect the biological activity of the parent drug. According to this characteristic, we designed and synthesized different types of amine groups. Novel prodrugs of these NSAIDs have the general formula (2a, 2b, 2c or 2d) "Structure 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d".
[Chem.39][Chem.39]
其中，R代表支链或直链-(CH2)n-，其中，n＝0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10...，在-(CH2)n-中，任一CH2基团可以被O、S、CH＝CH、C≡C、CHR6、CR6R7、芳基或杂芳基，或者其它环系统取代；R1代表支链或直链、-(CH2)a-、其中、a＝0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10...；在-(CH2)a-中，任一CH2基团可以被O、S、CH＝CH、C≡C、CHR6、CR6R7、芳基或杂芳基，或者其它环系统取代；R2代表支链或直链-(CH2)b-，其中，b＝0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10...，在-(CH2)b-中，任一CH2基团可以被O、S、CH＝CH、C≡C、CHR6、CR6R7、芳基或杂芳基，或者其它环系统取代；R3代表支链或直链、-(CH2)c-，其中，c＝0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10...，在-(CH2)c-中，任一CH2基团可以被O、S、CH＝CH、C≡C、CHR6、CR6R7、芳基或杂芳基，或者其它环系统取代；R4代表H，任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基或炔基，芳基或者杂芳基，其中，任一CH2可以被O、S、CH＝CH、C≡C、CHR6、CR6R7、芳基或杂芳基，或者其它环系统取代；R5代表H，任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基或炔基，芳基或杂芳基，其中，任一CH2可以被O、S、CH＝CH、C≡C、CHR6、CR7R6、芳基或杂芳基，或者其它环系统取代；R6代表H，任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基或炔基，芳基或杂芳基，其中，任一CH2可以被O、S、CH＝CH、C≡C、CHR7、CR7R5、芳基或杂芳基，或者其它环基取代；R7代表H，任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、全氟烷基、卤代烷基或炔基、芳基或杂芳基，其中，任一CH2可以被O、S、CH＝CH、C≡C、CHR6、CR6R5、芳基或杂芳基，或者其它环基取代；X代表没有原子、O、NH、NR6或者S；通式(2a、2b、2c或2d)″结构式2a、2b、2c或2d″中的Ary-被定义为与通式(1)“结构式1”中的Ary-一致；HA代表无原子、HCl、HBr、HF、HI、HAcO、柠檬酸或其它药学上可接受的酸类。所有的R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、或-(CH2)n-基团可以是支链或直链，可以含有C、H、O、Cl、Br、F、I、P、S、N或任何药学可接受的原子，可以有单键、双键、或/和三键；所有的R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、或-(CH2)n-基团可以有或没有手性，如果有手性基团，则可以有一个或多个手性中心，可以是单一的(R)或(S)对映体或者(R)和(S)对映体的混合物。wherein R represents branched or straight chain -(CH2 )n -, where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10..., in -(CH 2 ) n -2 ) Inn- , any CH2 group can be substituted by O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR6 , CR6 R7 , aryl or heteroaryl, or other ring systems; R1 represents Branched or straight chain, -(CH2 )a -, where, a=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10...; at -(CH2 )a -, any CH2 group can be substituted by O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR6 , CR6 R7 , aryl or heteroaryl, or other ring systems; R2 represents branched or Straight chain -(CH2 )b -, wherein b=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10..., in -(CH2 )b -, any A CH2 group can be substituted by O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR6 , CR6 R7 , aryl or heteroaryl, or other ring systems; R3 represents branched or straight chain, - (CH2 )c -, where c=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10..., in -(CH2 )c -, any CH2 The group may be substituted with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR6 , CR6 R7 , aryl or heteroaryl, or other ring systems; R4 represents H, any 1-12 carbon atoms alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, haloalkyl or alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein any CH2 can be replaced by O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR6 , CR6 R7 , aryl or heteroaryl, or other ring system substitution; R5 represents H, any 1-12 carbon atoms of alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, haloalkane alkynyl or alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein any CH2 can be replaced by O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR6 , CR7 R6 , aryl or heteroaryl, or other rings System substitution; R6 represents H, any alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, haloalkyl or alkynyl of 1-12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein any CH2 can be substituted by O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR7 , CR7 R5 , aryl or heteroaryl, or other cyclic groups; R7 represents H, any alkane of 1-12 carbon atoms group, alkoxy, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, haloalkyl or alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein any CH2 can be replaced by O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CHR6 , CR6 R5 , aryl or heteroaryl, or other cyclic group substitution; X represents no atom, O, NH, NR6 or S; general formula (2a, 2b, 2c or 2d) "Structural formula 2a, 2b, 2c or A in 2d" ry- is defined in accordance with Ary- in general formula (1) "Structure 1"; HA represents no atom, HCl, HBr, HF, HI, HAcO, citric acid or other pharmaceutically acceptable acids. All R, R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , R5 , R6 , R7 , or -(CH2 )n - groups may be branched or straight, and may contain C, H, O , Cl, Br, F, I, P, S, N or any pharmaceutically acceptable atom, which may have single, double, or/and triple bonds; all R, R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , R5 , R6 , R7 , or -(CH2 )n - group may or may not have chirality, and if there is a chiral group, there may be one or more chiral centers, which may be single (R) or (S) enantiomer or a mixture of (R) and (S) enantiomers.
药物无论是经过胃肠道还是其他途径吸收，都需要药物以单分子的形式跨过屏障膜。药物须首先溶解，且如果其具有理想的生物药学特性，它会从高浓度区域扩散到低浓度区域，跨过生物膜进入血液或系统循环。所有的生物膜含有脂类作为主要成份。生物膜结构中起主导作用的分子都具有含有磷酸盐的高极性的头部结构，并且，在大多数情况下，两条高度疏水的碳氢尾链。生物膜具有双层结构，亲水的头部结构面向两侧的水相区域。非常亲水的药物无法通过穿过生物膜的脂质层而非常疏水性的药物因相似相容的原因作为生物膜的一部分停留其中，从而不能有效进入内部的细胞质。Whether a drug is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract or other routes, it requires the drug to cross the barrier membrane in the form of a single molecule. The drug must first dissolve, and if it has the desired biopharmaceutical properties, it will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, across the biofilm and into the blood or systemic circulation. All biofilms contain lipids as major constituents. The dominant molecules in the biofilm structure all have a highly polar head structure containing phosphate and, in most cases, two highly hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. Biofilms have a bilayer structure with hydrophilic head structures facing the water phase regions on both sides. Very hydrophilic drugs cannot pass through the lipid layer of the biomembrane while very hydrophobic drugs stay there as part of the biomembrane for similar compatibility reasons and cannot effectively enter the inner cytoplasm.
本发明的目的之一是为了避免非甾体抗炎药的副作用，通过提高非甾体抗炎药在胃液中的溶解度从而使得其可通过口服，以及提高非甾体抗炎药对生物膜和皮肤屏障的穿透速度从而使其可通过透皮给药(外用)。本发明最重要的目的是设计非甾体抗炎药的前药，这些前药能非常有效地穿过皮肤、细胞膜、特别是脑细胞和神经细胞的细胞膜，并且在系统循环中停留的时间更短，因此它们比母药活性强数十倍或数百倍，且只需要正常剂量的几十分之一或几百分之一，所产生的副作用更小。这不仅有利于透皮给药，而且还可用于任何其他给药剂型(如口服、皮下给药、静脉给药、吸入给药和鼻腔给药)并且能治疗许多母药不能治疗的状态。这些非甾体抗炎药的新型前药共有两个结构共同点：它们有一个亲脂性的部分和一个在生理pH条件下可以质子化形式存在的一级，二级，或三级胺基团(水溶性部分)。这样的水溶一油溶的平衡是药物能有效穿过生物膜必需的条件[SusanMilosovich，et al.，J.Pharm.Sci.，82，227(1993)]。带正电的氨基大大地提高了这些药物在水中的溶解度。这些前药氨基上的正电荷可与生物膜的磷酸盐端基上的负电荷结合。因而，药物在生物膜或皮肤外侧的局部浓度会很高从而有利于这些前药从高浓度区域扩散到低浓度区域。这种结合可轻微扰乱生物膜从而为前药的脂溶性部分让出部分空间。当生物膜的分子移动时，由于前药的结合作用，生物膜会轻微被挤开一点缝隙。而这会使前药插入到生物膜中。在pH值为7.4时，大约只有99％的氨基是被质子化的。当氨基没有被质子化时，前药中的氨基与生物膜的磷酸盐端基会分离，前药将完全进入生物膜中。当前药中的氨基移动到生物膜的另一侧并因此被质子化时，前药会被拉入细胞质，一种半液态的浓缩水溶液或悬浮液中。由于前药在胃肠道中的停留时间很短，前药不会损伤胃粘膜细胞。这些新型前药穿透人体皮肤的速度在体外通过改进了的Franz池测量，其中人体皮肤分离自大腿部位前面或后面的人体皮肤组织(360-400微米厚)。接受溶液由10毫升含有2％的牛血清白蛋白的生理盐水组成并以600转/分的速度搅拌。前药和穿过皮肤的药物的累积总量对时间的关系是用特定的高效液相色谱法来测定。非甾体抗炎药的前药的表观穿透值为0.1-50mg/cm2/h。结果说明前药在人体皮肤中扩散速度比母药本身快了至少100倍。结果说明二烷氨基乙基上的正电荷对药物穿过生物膜和皮肤屏障非常重要。One of the objectives of the present invention is to avoid the side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, improve the solubility of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in gastric juice so that they can be taken orally, and improve the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on biofilm and biofilms. The rate of penetration of the skin barrier so that it can be administered transdermally (topical). The most important objective of the present invention is to design prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can cross the skin, cell membranes, especially the cell membranes of brain cells and nerve cells very efficiently, and stay in the systemic circulation for a longer period of time. Therefore, they are tens or hundreds of times more active than the parent drug, and only need a few tenths or a few hundredths of the normal dose, resulting in fewer side effects. This not only facilitates transdermal administration, but can also be used in any other form of administration (eg, oral, subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalation, and nasal) and can treat many conditions that cannot be treated by the parent drug. These novel prodrugs of NSAIDs share two structural commonalities: they have a lipophilic moiety and a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group that can be protonated at physiological pH (water-soluble part). Such a water-soluble-oil-soluble balance is a necessary condition for drugs to effectively cross biofilms [Susan Milosovich, et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 227 (1993)]. The positively charged amino groups greatly increase the solubility of these drugs in water. The positive charges on the amino groups of these prodrugs can combine with the negative charges on the phosphate end groups of biofilms. Thus, the local concentration of the drug on the outside of the biofilm or skin will be high to facilitate the diffusion of these prodrugs from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This binding slightly perturbs the biofilm to make room for the lipid-soluble portion of the prodrug. When the molecules of the biofilm move, the biofilm will be slightly squeezed apart due to the binding effect of the prodrug. This in turn causes the prodrug to be inserted into the biofilm. At pH 7.4, only about 99% of the amino groups are protonated. When the amino group is not protonated, the amino group in the prodrug will dissociate from the phosphate end group of the biofilm, and the prodrug will fully enter the biofilm. When the amino group in the prodrug moves to the other side of the biofilm and is thus protonated, the prodrug is pulled into the cytoplasm, a semi-liquid concentrated aqueous solution or suspension. Due to the short residence time of the prodrug in the gastrointestinal tract, the prodrug will not damage gastric mucosal cells. The rate of penetration of these novel prodrugs into human skin was measured in vitro by a modified Franz cell isolated from human skin tissue (360-400 microns thick) in front or behind the thigh region. The recipient solution consisted of 10 ml of physiological saline containing 2% bovine serum albumin and was agitated at 600 rpm. The cumulative total amount of prodrug and drug across the skin versus time was determined using a specific high performance liquid chromatography method. Prodrugs of NSAIDs have apparent penetration values of 0.1-50 mg/cm2 /h. The results show that the prodrug diffuses in human skin at least 100 times faster than the parent drug itself. The results indicate that the positive charge on the dialkylaminoethyl group is very important for the drug to pass through the biofilm and skin barrier.
这些新型的非甾体抗炎药的前药能穿过皮肤屏障、血-脑屏障和血-奶屏障。实验比较了前药和它们的母药穿过活的大鼠皮肤的体内穿透速度。供体溶液由溶于1毫升乙醇的20％的前药或其母药溶液组成，将其涂在大鼠(约200克)背部约5平方厘米的面积。4小时后，处死大鼠，分别在1毫升血液、1克肝脏、1克肾脏或1克脑组织中加入5毫升甲醇(肝脏、肾脏、或脑组织用pH7.2的缓冲溶液洗三次)，混合物用均质机打匀。然后将样品离心5分钟，用HPLC分析。结果见表1-5所示。The prodrugs of these novel NSAIDs can cross the skin barrier, blood-brain barrier and blood-milk barrier. The experiments compared the in vivo penetration rates of prodrugs and their parent drugs through live rat skin. The donor solution consisted of a 20% solution of the prodrug or its parent drug dissolved in 1 mL of ethanol and applied to an area of approximately 5 cm2 on the back of rats (approximately 200 grams). After 4 hours, the rats were sacrificed, and 5 mL of methanol was added to 1 mL of blood, 1 g of liver, 1 g of kidney, or 1 g of brain tissue (the liver, kidney, or brain tissue were washed three times with pH 7.2 buffer solution), Mix the mixture with a homogenizer. The samples were then centrifuged for 5 minutes and analyzed by HPLC. The results are shown in Tables 1-5.
表1.二乙胺基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1)及其代谢物在大鼠身体组织和血浆中的分布Table 1. Distribution of diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-1) and its metabolites in rat body tissues and plasma
表2.1-哌啶丙基2-[(2，6-二氯苯基)氨基]-苯乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-2)及其代谢物在大鼠身体组织和血浆中的分布Table 2. Distribution of 1-Piperidinylpropyl 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]-phenylacetate acetate (P-2) and its metabolites in rat body tissues and plasma
表3.1-吡咯烷丙基2-(3-苯氧基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-3)及其代谢物在大鼠身体组织和血浆中的分布Table 3. Distribution of 1-pyrrolidinopropyl 2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propionate acetate (P-3) and its metabolites in rat body tissues and plasma
表4.4-哌啶基甲基2-(3-苯氧基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-4)及其代谢物在大鼠身体组织和血浆中的分布Table 4. Distribution of 4-piperidinylmethyl 2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propionate acetate (P-4) and its metabolites in rat body tissues and plasma
表5.4-哌啶甲基2-(ρ-异丁基丙基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-5)及其代谢物在大鼠身体组织和血浆中的分布Table 5. Distribution of 4-Piperidinylmethyl 2-(ρ-isobutylpropyl)propionate acetate (P-5) and its metabolites in rat body tissues and plasma
将溶于1毫升乙醇的20％的阿司匹林、双氯芬酸、酮洛芬、非诺洛芬、或布洛芬涂在大鼠背部约5平方厘米的面积。4小时后，处死大鼠，分别在1毫升血浆、1克肝脏、1克肾脏，或1克脑组织(肝脏、肾脏或脑组织用pH7.2的缓冲溶液洗三次)中加入5毫升甲醇，混合物用均质机打匀。在大鼠的组织或血浆中没有检测到这些药物。结果说明这些非甾体抗炎药的前药能快速地穿过皮肤屏障、血-脑屏障和其它生物膜屏障，而非甾体抗炎药的母药穿过皮肤的量检测不到。20% aspirin, diclofenac, ketoprofen, fenoprofen, or ibuprofen in 1 ml of ethanol was applied to an area of approximately 5 cm2 on the back of the rat. After 4 hours, the rats were sacrificed, and 5 mL of methanol was added to 1 mL of plasma, 1 g of liver, 1 g of kidney, or 1 g of brain tissue (liver, kidney or brain tissue was washed three times with pH 7.2 buffer solution), respectively. Mix the mixture with a homogenizer. None of these drugs were detected in rat tissue or plasma. The results indicate that these NSAID prodrugs can rapidly cross the skin barrier, blood-brain barrier and other biofilm barriers, while the NSAID parent drugs cross the skin in undetectable amounts.
在我们的专利(国际专利申请号：PCT/IB2006/052732、PCT/IB2006/052318、PCT/IB2006/052815、PCT/IB2006/052563、PCT/IB2006/052575、PCT/IB2006/053741、PCT/IB2006/053091、PCT/IB2006/053090、PCT/IB2006/052549)中已经显示了通式(1)“结构式1”所表示的前药具有抗炎、镇痛、退热和抗风湿活性。我们发现通式(2a，2b，2c或2d)“结构式2a，2b，2c或2d”所表示的前药都已经被证明具有抗炎、镇痛、退热和抗风湿活性。本发明主要着重于非甾体抗炎药的前药在医学上的新用途。In our patents (International patent application numbers: PCT/IB2006/052732, PCT/IB2006/052318, PCT/IB2006/052815, PCT/IB2006/052563, PCT/IB2006/052575, PCT/IB2006/053741, PCT/IB2006/ 053091, PCT/IB2006/053090, PCT/IB2006/052549) have shown that the prodrug represented by the general formula (1) "Structure 1" has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antirheumatic activities. We found that the prodrugs represented by the general formula (2a, 2b, 2c or 2d) "structural formula 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d" have all been shown to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antirheumatic activities. The present invention mainly focuses on new medical uses of prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
众所周知，癌症与炎症有一定的关系。Thea D.Tlsty博士在他的报告中提到(Keystone Symposia：Inflammation and Cancer，Breckenridge，Colorado，美国，2月27日-3月3日，2005年)环氧合酶-2(COX-2)刺激芳香酶的活性，促血管生成，刺激增殖，浸润和前列腺素的合成。前列腺素的增加会抑制细胞凋亡。阿司匹林及其它非甾体抗炎药可抑制环氧合酶-1和环氧合酶-2。长期服用阿司匹林的人发生结肠直肠癌、食道癌、卵巢癌或其它癌症的机会总的来说有所降低。但是，癌细胞能通过改变细胞膜的结构来阻止非甾体抗炎药进入癌细胞。本发明中这些新型前药能穿过任何生物膜，可以直接在癌症部位的皮肤表面局部给药，大量的前药可以进入到癌细胞而系统暴露的量非常低。It is well known that cancer has a certain relationship with inflammation. Dr. Thea D. Tlsty mentioned in his report (Keystone Symposia: Inflammation and Cancer, Breckenridge, Colorado, USA, February 27-March 3, 2005) Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Stimulates aromatase activity, promotes angiogenesis, stimulates proliferation, infiltration and prostaglandin synthesis. Increased prostaglandins inhibit apoptosis. Aspirin and other NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. People who took aspirin long-term had an overall lower chance of developing colorectal, esophageal, ovarian or other cancers. However, cancer cells can prevent NSAIDs from entering cancer cells by changing the structure of the cell membrane. These novel prodrugs of the present invention can pass through any biological membrane and can be directly administered locally on the skin surface of the cancer site, and a large amount of prodrugs can enter the cancer cells with very low systemic exposure.
为了评价非甾体抗炎药前药的抗肿瘤活性，将人乳腺癌细胞(BCAP-37，每只小鼠2-3立方毫米的肿瘤组织)移植到裸鼠皮下(BALB，12组，每组7只小鼠)。14天后，肿瘤体积长到50±10立方毫米(0.05毫升)。然后将30微升5％的(相当于1.5毫克前药)二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1，丙酮溶液)；1-哌啶丙基2[(2，6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酯醋酸盐(P-2，水溶液)，1-吡咯烷基丙基2-(3-苯氧基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-3，水溶液)，4-哌啶甲基2-(3-苯氧基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-4，水溶液)，3-哌啶甲基2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-5，水溶液)，二乙氨基乙基1-(p-氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基吲哚基3-乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-11，水溶液)，2-(4-吗啉基)乙基(Z)-5-氟-2-甲基-1-[(4-甲基亚磺酰基)苯基亚甲基]-1H-茚基-3-乙酯醋酸盐(P-12，水溶液)，二乙氨基乙基2-(2，4-二氯苯氧基)苯乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-19，水溶液)，二乙氨基乙基2-(8-甲基-10，11-二氢-11-氧二苯(b，f)氧杂卓-2-基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-37，水溶液)，1-吡咯烷基丙基2-[[(3-(三氟甲基)苯基)氨基]苯甲酸酯醋酸盐(P-48，水溶液)，4-N，N-二甲氨基丁酰氧基-2-甲基-N-2-吡啶基-2H，1，2-苯并噻嗪基-3-酰胺1，1-二氧化物盐酸盐(P-51，丙酮溶液)局部用药于植入人乳腺癌细胞的位置(靠近前腿)，每隔8小时用一次。42天后，肿瘤的大小见表6和表7所示。To evaluate the antitumor activity of NSAID prodrugs, human breast cancer cells (BCAP-37, 2-3 mm3 of tumor tissue per mouse) were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice (BALB, group 12, each group of 7 mice). After 14 days, the tumor volume had grown to 50 ± 10 mm3 (0.05 mL). Then 30 microliters of 5% (equivalent to 1.5 mg of the prodrug) diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-1, acetone solution); 1-piperidinepropyl 2[(2 , 6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]phenethyl acetate (P-2, aqueous solution), 1-pyrrolidinylpropyl 2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propionate acetate (P -3, aqueous solution), 4-Piperidinylmethyl 2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propionate acetate (P-4, aqueous solution), 3-Piperidinylmethyl 2-(ρ-isobutyl) (P-5, aqueous solution), diethylaminoethyl 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindolyl 3-ethyl Ester acetate (P-11, aqueous solution), 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl(Z)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[(4-methylsulfinyl)benzene ylmethylene]-1H-indenyl-3-ethyl ester acetate (P-12, aqueous solution), diethylaminoethyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenylacetate acetic acid Salt (P-19, aqueous solution), diethylaminoethyl 2-(8-methyl-10,11-dihydro-11-oxydiphenyl(b,f)oxazol-2-yl)propionate Acetate (P-37, aqueous solution), 1-pyrrolidinylpropyl 2-[[(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino]benzoate acetate (P-48, aqueous solution) , 4-N,N-Dimethylaminobutyryloxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridyl-2H,1,2-benzothiazinyl-3-amide 1,1-dioxide salt Salt (P-51, in acetone) was applied topically at the site of implantation of human breast cancer cells (near the front legs) every 8 hours. After 42 days, tumor sizes are shown in Tables 6 and 7.
表6.42天后空白组和药物治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤体积和重量Table 6. Tumor volume and weight of nude mice in blank group and drug-treated group after 42 days
表7.42天后药物治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤体积和重量Table 7. Tumor volume and weight of nude mice in drug treatment group after 42 days
在第二组抗肿瘤实验中，将人的结肠癌细胞(LS174J，每只小鼠用2-3立方毫米肿瘤组织)异体移植到裸鼠皮下(BALB)。七天后，肿瘤长到55±10立方毫米体积(0.055毫升)。然后将大约30微升含有5％(相当于1.5毫克的前药)二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1，丙酮溶液)，1-哌啶丙基2[(2，6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-2，水溶液)，1-吡咯烷基丙基2-(3-苯甲氧基苯基)丙酯醋酸盐(P-3，水溶液)，4-哌啶甲基2-(3-苯氧基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-4，水溶液)，3-哌啶甲基2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-5，水溶液)，二乙氨基乙基1-甲基-5-(4-甲基苯甲酰基)-1H-吡咯-2-乙酯醋酸盐(P-13，水溶液)，2-(4-吗啉基)乙基2-氨基-苯甲酰基苯乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-16，水溶液)，二乙氨基乙基2-(10，11-二氢-10-氧二苯(b，f)硫杂卓-2-基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-36)，二乙氨基乙基2-[(2，3-二甲基苯基)氨基]苯甲酸酯醋酸盐(P-46，水溶液)，二乙氨基乙基2-[(2，6-二氯-3-甲基苯基)氨基]苯甲酸酯醋酸盐(P-47，水溶液)，N-(2-噻唑基)-4-N，N-二甲基氨基丁酰氧基-2-甲基-2H，1，2-苯并噻嗪基-3-酰胺1，1-二氧化物盐酸盐(P-52，丙酮溶液)局部给药于人结肠癌细胞的移植位置(靠近前腿的位置)，每隔8小时给药一次。第30天的肿瘤大小见表8和9所示。In a second set of antitumor experiments, human colon cancer cells (LS174J, 2-3 mm3 of tumor tissue per mouse) were xenografted into nude mice subcutaneously (BALB). After seven days, the tumor had grown to a volume of 55 ± 10 mm3 (0.055 ml). Then approximately 30 microliters containing 5% (equivalent to 1.5 mg of the prodrug) diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-1, in acetone), 1-piperidinepropyl 2[ (2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]phenylacetate acetate (P-2, aqueous solution), 1-pyrrolidinylpropyl 2-(3-benzyloxyphenyl)propyl acetate Salt (P-3, aqueous solution), 4-Piperidinylmethyl 2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propionate acetate (P-4, aqueous solution), 3-Piperidinylmethyl 2-(ρ -Isobutylphenyl)propionate acetate (P-5, aqueous solution), diethylaminoethyl 1-methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-ethyl Ester acetate (P-13, aqueous solution), 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl 2-amino-benzoylphenylacetate acetate (P-16, aqueous solution), diethylaminoethyl 2-(10,11-Dihydro-10-oxydiphenyl(b,f)thiazin-2-yl)propionate acetate (P-36), diethylaminoethyl 2-[(2 , 3-dimethylphenyl)amino]benzoate acetate (P-46, aqueous solution), diethylaminoethyl 2-[(2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl)amino ] benzoate acetate (P-47, aqueous solution), N-(2-thiazolyl)-4-N,N-dimethylaminobutyryloxy-2-methyl-2H,1,2 - Benzothiazinyl-3-amide 1,1-dioxide hydrochloride (P-52, acetone solution) administered topically to the transplanted site (near the front legs) of human colon cancer cells every 8 Dosing once an hour. Tumor sizes at day 30 are shown in Tables 8 and 9.
表8.在第30天时对照组和药物治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤大小和重量Table 8. Tumor size and weight in control and drug-treated nude mice at day 30
表9.在第30天时药物治疗组裸鼠肿瘤的大小和重量Table 9. Tumor size and weight in drug-treated nude mice at day 30
结果显示非甾体抗炎药的前药具有非常强的抗肿瘤活性，并且没有或仅有微小的副作用。The results show that the prodrugs of NSAIDs have very strong antitumor activity with no or only minor side effects.
在100多年前德国的医生就已经发现水杨酸盐的降血糖功效(Edmund J.Hengesh，Principles of medicinal chemistry，4th ed.，pg 591，Williams&Wilkins，1995)。水杨酸盐可以提高葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌，并且抑制由乳酸和丙氨酸合成葡萄糖(H.F.Woods，et al.，Clin.Exp.Pharmacol Physiol.，1，534(1974)。某些水杨酸盐可以降低血浆中的游离脂肪酸，甘油三酯和胆固醇水平。因为血浆中的游离脂肪酸水平升高会抑制葡萄糖的利用，因此其浓度的降低具有降血糖的作用。然而，为了对血糖水平和血脂水平保持充分的控制必须服用大剂量的(每天5克)水杨酸盐。在这样的剂量水平下，往往会产生很多副作用如胃刺激、恶心、呕吐和耳鸣。本发明中这些新型前药具有极快的透皮和透膜速度。它们能快速地到达“作用位点”，大大提高这些前药的药理疗效和临床反应，因而所需的药物剂量更低(只需要母药剂量的几十分之一到几百分之一)，其导致的副作用也更少。The hypoglycemic effect of salicylates has been discovered by physicians in Germany more than 100 years ago (Edmund J. Hengesh, Principles of medicinal chemistry, 4th ed., pg 591, Williams & Wilkins, 1995). Salicylates increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and inhibit glucose synthesis from lactate and alanine (H.F. Woods, et al., Clin. Exp. Pharmacol Physiol., 1, 534 (1974). Certain salicylates Salt can reduce free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol levels in plasma. Because elevated levels of free fatty acids in plasma inhibit glucose utilization, a reduction in their concentration has a hypoglycemic effect. However, in order to reduce blood glucose levels and lipids High doses (5 grams per day) of salicylate must be taken to maintain adequate levels. At such dose levels, many side effects such as gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting and tinnitus are often produced. These novel prodrugs of the present invention have Extremely fast transdermal and transmembrane rates. They can quickly reach the "site of action", greatly improving the pharmacological efficacy and clinical response of these prodrugs, thus requiring lower drug doses (only a few tens of the parent drug dose) 1 part to a few percent), it also causes fewer side effects.
本发明中的这些前药可在大鼠模型中降低血糖水平(SLAC/GK，II-型糖尿病，n＝7)。将含有50％的二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1，丙酮溶液)，4-乙酰氨基苯基水杨酰基二甲氨基丁酯盐酸盐(P-6)，二乙氨基乙基5-(2，4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨酸酯5-(2，4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨盐(P-8)，二乙氨基乙基水杨酰水杨酸酯醋酸盐(P-9)，二乙氨基乙基水杨酸酯醋酸盐(P-10)，二乙氨基乙基5-乙酰氨基-乙酰水杨酸酯(P-58)，二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酰水杨酸盐(P-59)，二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酰水杨酸酯乙酰三聚水杨酸盐(P-60)(相当于20mg/kg的非甾体抗炎药)的丙酮溶液透皮给药于大鼠(已剃毛)的背部(大约1.5平方厘米)，每天一次(早上8点)，持续5周。从第二周起到第五周，每三天一次在下午4点钟测量血糖水平(不禁食)。结果见表10所示。在第五周末尾测量血脂水平。结果见表11所示。These prodrugs of the present invention reduce blood glucose levels in a rat model (SLAC/GK, Type II diabetes, n=7). Will contain 50% diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-1, acetone solution), 4-acetylaminophenylsalicylic dimethylaminobutyl ester hydrochloride (P-6 ), diethylaminoethyl 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)acetylsalicylate 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)acetylsalicylate (P-8), diethylaminoethyl salicylate acetate (P-9), diethylaminoethyl salicylate acetate (P-10), diethylaminoethyl 5-acetamido-acetylsalicylate (P -58), diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-59), diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetyl trimersalicylate (P-60) A solution of acetone (equivalent to 20 mg/kg of NSAIDs) was transdermally administered to the back (approximately 1.5 cm2) of (shaved) rats once a day (8 am) for 5 weeks. Blood glucose levels were measured at 4 pm every three days from the second to the fifth week (without fasting). The results are shown in Table 10. Blood lipid levels were measured at the end of the fifth week. The results are shown in Table 11.
表10.非甾体抗炎药的前药的抗糖尿病活性Table 10. Antidiabetic activity of prodrugs of NSAIDs
结果说明：非甾体抗炎药的前药在糖尿病大鼠模型中非常有效地降低了血糖水平，且不影响正常大鼠的血糖水平。最有趣的是这些大鼠的血糖水平在停药30天后仍然稳定在正常水平(7-8mmol/L，不禁食)。这意味着这些前药不仅可以控制血糖水平，也许还可以治愈糖尿病。The results showed that the prodrugs of NSAIDs were very effective in reducing blood glucose levels in a diabetic rat model, and did not affect the blood glucose levels in normal rats. Most interestingly, blood glucose levels in these rats remained stable at normal levels (7-8 mmol/L without fasting) 30 days after drug withdrawal. This means that these prodrugs could not only control blood sugar levels, but perhaps cure diabetes as well.
表11.非甾体抗炎药前药的降低血脂的活性Table 11. Lipid-lowering activity of NSAID prodrugs
结果说明非甾体抗炎药的前药在糖尿病大鼠模型中可以非常有效地降低血脂水平(总胆固醇和甘油三酯)，而且不影响HDL水平。The results demonstrate that prodrugs of NSAIDs can be very effective in lowering blood lipid levels (total cholesterol and triglycerides) in a diabetic rat model without affecting HDL levels.
胃酸的PH值是1-3。生物膜的磷酸盐端基上的负电荷被质子中和，而这些前药分子氨基上的正电荷不能结合到生物膜的磷酸盐端基，因此这些前药不能穿过胃壁，从而不会损伤胃或使胃不舒服。十二指肠的pH值约为5-7，所以这些前药可以穿过十二指肠的黏膜。胰脏靠近十二指肠，因此大量的前药在进入可代谢药物的肝脏、肾脏和系统循环之前就进入到胰脏，因此仅需要低剂量的前药，而且导致的副作用少且低。将20％的二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1，丙酮溶液)；4-乙酰氨基苯基水杨酰二甲氨基丁酯盐酸盐(P-6)，二乙氨基乙基5-(2，4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨酸酯5-(2，4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨酸盐(P-8)，二乙氨基乙基水杨酰水杨酸酯醋酸盐(P-9)，二乙氨基乙基水杨酸酯醋酸盐(P-10)，二乙氨基乙基5-乙酰氨基-乙酰水杨酸酯(P-58)，二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酰水杨酸盐(P-59)，二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酰水杨酸酯乙酰三聚水杨酸盐(P-60)(相当于15mg/kg的非甾体抗炎药)混合到食物中，连续5周每天给大鼠与食物一起食用(SLAC/GK，II-型糖尿病，n＝7)。从第二周开始到第五周，每三天一次在下午3点测量大鼠的血糖水平(不禁食)。结果见表12所示。在第五周末尾测量血脂水平。结果见表13所示。The pH of stomach acid is 1-3. The negative charges on the phosphate end groups of biofilms are neutralized by protons, while the positive charges on the amino groups of these prodrug molecules cannot bind to the phosphate end groups of biofilms, so these prodrugs cannot pass through the stomach wall and thus do not damage Stomach or upset stomach. The pH of the duodenum is about 5-7, so these prodrugs can pass through the duodenal mucosa. The pancreas is close to the duodenum, so a large amount of the prodrug enters the pancreas before it enters the liver, kidneys and systemic circulation where the drug can be metabolized, so only low doses of the prodrug are required and cause few and low side effects. 20% of diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-1, acetone solution); 4-acetylaminophenyl salicylic acid dimethylaminobutyl ester hydrochloride (P-6) , diethylaminoethyl 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl) acetylsalicylate 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl) acetylsalicylate (P-8), diethylaminoethyl salicylate acetate (P-9), diethylaminoethyl salicylate acetate (P-10), diethylaminoethyl 5-acetamido-acetylsalicylate (P -58), diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-59), diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetyl trimersalicylate (P-60) (equivalent to 15 mg/kg of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) was mixed into food and rats were given daily for 5 weeks with food (SLAC/GK, Type II diabetes, n=7). From the second week to the fifth week, the blood glucose level of the rats was measured at 3 pm every three days (without fasting). The results are shown in Table 12. Blood lipid levels were measured at the end of the fifth week. The results are shown in Table 13.
表12.非甾体抗炎药前药的抗糖尿病的活性Table 12. Antidiabetic activity of NSAID prodrugs
结果显示，当这些非甾体抗炎药的前药口服时，可在糖尿病大鼠模型中非常有效地降低其血糖水平，而且不会影响正常大鼠的血糖水平，其剂量大大低于母药剂量。The results showed that when the prodrugs of these NSAIDs were orally administered, they were very effective in lowering their blood glucose levels in a diabetic rat model, without affecting the blood glucose levels in normal rats, at doses significantly lower than the parent drug. dose.
表13.非甾体抗炎药前药的降血脂的活性Table 13. Lipid-lowering activity of NSAID prodrugs
结果表明，非甾体抗炎药的前药口服后可在糖尿病大鼠模型中非常有效地降低的血脂水平(总胆固醇和甘油三酯)，而且所需的剂量远远低于母药剂量。The results showed that oral prodrugs of NSAIDs can very effectively reduce blood lipid levels (total cholesterol and triglycerides) in a diabetic rat model, and the required doses are much lower than the parent drug doses.
本发明中的这些前药能在小鼠模型中(SLAC：NOD-IDDM，I-型糖尿病，n＝7)降低血糖水平。将含有20％的二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1，丙酮溶液)；4-乙酰氨基苯基水杨酰基二甲氨基丁酯盐酸盐(P-6)，二乙氨基乙基5-(2，4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨酸酯5-(2，4-二氟苯基)乙酰水杨酸盐(P-8)，二乙氨基乙基水杨酰水杨酸酯醋酸盐(P-9)，二乙氨基乙基水杨酸酯醋酸盐(P-10)，二乙氨基乙基5-乙酰氨基-乙酰水杨酸酯(P-58)，二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酰水杨酸盐(P-59)，二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酰水杨酸酯乙酰三聚水杨酸盐(P-60)(相当于20mg/kg的非甾体抗炎药)丙酮溶液透皮给药于小鼠(预先剃毛)的背部(大约1平方厘米)，每天一次(在早上8点)持续七周。从第四周开始到第七周，每隔三天一次在下午三点测量血糖水平(不禁食)。结果见表14所示。These prodrugs of the present invention are able to lower blood glucose levels in a mouse model (SLAC: NOD-IDDM, Type I diabetes, n=7). Will contain 20% diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-1, acetone solution); 4-acetylaminophenylsalicylic dimethylaminobutyl ester hydrochloride (P-6 ), diethylaminoethyl 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)acetylsalicylate 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)acetylsalicylate (P-8), diethylamino Ethyl salicylate acetate (P-9), Diethylaminoethyl salicylate acetate (P-10), Diethylaminoethyl 5-acetamido-acetylsalicylate ( P-58), diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-59), diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetyl trimer salicylate (P-60 ) (equivalent to 20 mg/kg of NSAID) acetone solution was administered transdermally to the back (approximately 1 cm2) of mice (pre-shaved) once a day (at 8 am) for seven weeks. From the fourth week to the seventh week, blood glucose levels were measured every three days at 3 pm (without fasting). The results are shown in Table 14.
表14.非甾体抗炎药的前药的抗糖尿病(I-型)的活性Table 14. Antidiabetic (Type I) Activity of Prodrugs of NSAIDs
结果显示这些非甾体抗炎药的前药在糖尿病小鼠(I-型)模型中能非常有效地降低血糖水平。The results show that these NSAID prodrugs are very effective in lowering blood glucose levels in a mouse (type I) model of diabetes.
挑选18只体重在3.0到3.5公斤的中国白兔(6-7个月大)，并将其分成三组(对照组，P-1和P-10组，n＝6)。实验前一小时，抽取1毫升静脉血到无菌瓶中使其凝块生成血栓。为了避免片段化(fragmentation)和缓慢溶解，将自体血栓在控温70℃的蒸馏水中稳定10分钟。麻醉后，将股静脉暴露并剥离出来，用留置导管(20GA)将自体的血栓(0.05g/kg)注射到之前剥离出来的股静脉中。将50％的二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1，丙酮溶液，15mg/kg)和二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酰水杨酸盐(P-59，15mg/kg)的丙酮溶液透皮给药于兔子背部。2天后，给兔子静脉注射过量的戊巴比妥钠(60mg/kg)使其安乐死。取出其肺和心脏，观察肺动脉中是否存在血栓。肺组织在10％的福尔马林溶液中浸泡24小时。沿着被阻塞的肺动脉的连续横截面用石蜡包埋，并用苏木精-曙红染色。在对照组中，血小板栓和混合血栓包裹着注入的凝固块，其也存在于大型血管中并从内侧和外侧拉伸血管壁。在这些血管中，内皮细胞和纤维细胞均过量增殖。此外，还发现有急性肺阻塞。在P-1和P-59组中，肺组织和血管壁都是正常的。结果表明，非甾体抗炎药的前药能预防血栓形成和栓塞相关的血栓增生。这些前药可用于预防和治疗血栓——一种中风、心肌梗塞和器官移植排斥的主要原因。Eighteen Chinese white rabbits (6-7 months old) weighing 3.0 to 3.5 kg were selected and divided into three groups (control group, P-1 and P-10 groups, n=6). One hour before the experiment, 1 ml of venous blood was drawn into a sterile vial to allow the clot to form. To avoid fragmentation and slow dissolution, the autologous thrombus was stabilized in distilled water at a temperature of 70°C for 10 minutes. After anesthesia, the femoral vein was exposed and dissected out, and autologous thrombus (0.05 g/kg) was injected into the previously dissected femoral vein using an indwelling catheter (20GA). 50% of diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-1, acetone solution, 15mg/kg) and diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate ( P-59, 15 mg/kg) in acetone solution was transdermally administered to the back of rabbits. Two days later, the rabbits were euthanized by an intravenous overdose of sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg). The lungs and heart were removed and the pulmonary arteries were observed for the presence of blood clots. Lung tissue was immersed in 10% formalin solution for 24 hours. Serial cross-sections along the blocked pulmonary artery were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. In the control group, platelet plugs and mixed thrombi encased the injected clot, which was also present in large vessels and stretched the vessel wall both medially and laterally. In these vessels, both endothelial cells and fibroblasts proliferate excessively. In addition, acute pulmonary obstruction was found. In both the P-1 and P-59 groups, lung tissue and vessel walls were normal. The results suggest that prodrugs of NSAIDs can prevent thrombosis and thrombosis-related thrombosis. These prodrugs can be used to prevent and treat blood clots - a major cause of stroke, myocardial infarction and organ transplant rejection.
本发明中的这些前药在兔子模型中能帮助伤口愈合，并能软化和缩小割伤和烧伤导致的疤痕。在中国白兔模型中，前药治疗过的兔子的平均疤痕大小仅为同样伤口大小的对照组兔子的1/3，而且其疤痕与正常无疤痕组织处一样柔软。These prodrugs of the present invention aid in wound healing and soften and reduce scarring from cuts and burns in rabbit models. In the Chinese white rabbit model, the average scar size of the prodrug-treated rabbits was only 1/3 that of the control rabbits of the same wound size, and the scars were as soft as normal scarless tissue.
COX-1和COX-2在动物的免疫反应中发挥着非常重要的作用。非甾体抗炎药可以抑制COX-1和COX-2。本发明中非甾体抗炎药的前药可用于治疗牛皮癣、盘状红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)及其它自身免疫性疾病。将马拉色菌的浓悬浮液[Rosenberg、E.W.、et al.、Mycopatholoiga、72、147-154(1980)]涂在已经被剃毛的中国白兔的背部(n＝4 x 6)，每天两次(早上7点和晚上7点)，持续两周，导致类似于牛皮癣的病变。在涂抹马拉色菌浓悬浮液(早上7点和晚上7点)的三个小时之后(早上10点和晚上10点)，在同样的位置涂抹5％的3-哌啶甲基2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-5)、二乙氨基乙基1-甲基-5-(4-甲基苯甲酰基)-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-13)、二乙氨基乙基5-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-1，4-二甲基-1H-吡咯-2-乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-14)、二乙氨基乙基-1，8-二乙基-1，3，4，9-四氢吡喃-[3，4-b]吲哚基-1-乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-15)、二乙氨基乙基2-氨基-3-(4-溴-苯甲酰基)苯乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-17)、二乙氨基乙基3-氯-4-(2-丙烯基氧基)苯乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-18)、二乙氨基乙基1-(4-氯苯甲酰基-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚基-3-乙酰氧基乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-20)、二乙氨基乙基4-(4-氯苯基)-2-苯基-5-噻唑基乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-21)、二乙氨基乙基3-(4-氯苯基)-1-苯基-1H-吡唑基-4-乙酸酯醋酸盐(P-22)的水溶液。在涂抹前药十天之后，病变部位得到康复，但对照组小鼠的状态更加恶化。COX-1 and COX-2 play a very important role in the immune response of animals. NSAIDs inhibit COX-1 and COX-2. The prodrugs of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of the present invention can be used to treat psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. A concentrated suspension of Malassezia [Rosenberg, E.W., et al., Mycopatholoiga, 72, 147-154 (1980)] was applied to the backs of shaved Chinese white rabbits (n=4 x 6) daily Twice (7am and 7pm) for two weeks, resulting in lesions similar to psoriasis. Apply 5% 3-Piperidinylmethyl 2-( ρ-Isobutylphenyl)propionate acetate (P-5), diethylaminoethyl 1-methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-acetic acid ester acetate (P-13), diethylaminoethyl 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-acetate acetate (P-14 ), diethylaminoethyl-1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyran-[3,4-b]indolyl-1-acetate acetate (P -15), diethylaminoethyl 2-amino-3-(4-bromo-benzoyl) phenylacetate acetate (P-17), diethylaminoethyl 3-chloro-4-(2 -Propenyloxy)phenylacetate acetate (P-18), diethylaminoethyl 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indolyl -3-acetoxy acetate acetate (P-20), diethylaminoethyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-thiazolyl acetate acetate (P -21), an aqueous solution of diethylaminoethyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolyl-4-acetate acetate (P-22). Before applying the drug After ten days, the lesions recovered, but the condition of the control mice worsened.
为了评价这些前药抗红斑狼疮活性，将5％的二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐(P-1，丙酮溶液，30mg/kg)或3-哌啶甲基2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐(P-5，水溶液，30mg/kg)局部涂抹至患盘状红斑狼疮和系统性红斑狼疮的小鼠(MRL/LPR，n＝5 x 3)背部皮肤，每日2次。六周之后，接受前药治疗的小鼠背上所有的皮肤病变和狼疮性肾炎都得以康复，但对照组小鼠的病情不断恶化。To evaluate the anti-lupus erythematosus activity of these prodrugs, 5% diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate (P-1, acetone solution, 30 mg/kg) or 3-piperidinylmethyl 2- (ρ-Isobutylphenyl)propionate acetate (P-5, aqueous solution, 30 mg/kg) topically applied to mice with discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus (MRL/LPR, n=5 x 3) Back skin, 2 times a day. After six weeks, all skin lesions and lupus nephritis on the backs of the prodrug-treated mice recovered, but the control mice continued to get worse.
这些结果表明，这些非甾体抗炎药的前药有望用于治疗人类的牛皮癣、盘状红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、多发性硬化症(MS)和其它自身免疫性疾病。These results suggest that these NSAID prodrugs are promising for the treatment of psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases in humans.
肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)中细胞死亡的发病机制可能涉及谷氨酸介导的兴奋性中毒，氧化损伤和凋亡。脊神经元和星形胶质细胞中的环氧化酶-2催化前列腺素E2的合成。前列腺素E2刺激星形胶质细胞释放谷氨酸，而环氧化酶-2在前发炎细胞因子、活性氧物质和自由基的形成中发挥着关键的作用。选择性COX-2抑制剂，塞来考昔，可显著抑制ALS小鼠脊髓中的前列腺素E2的合成。塞来考昔能有效延缓小鼠虚弱和体重减轻的进度，并把生存时间延长了25％。治疗组的ALS小鼠的脊髓中的脊髓神经元得到显著的保护，减少了胶质细胞增生和小胶质细胞的激活(Merit.E.Cudkowicz、et al.、Annals ofneurology、52、771-778、2002)。这些结果表明，环氧合酶-2抑制可能有助于ALS患者。本发明中的非甾体抗炎药的前药可以以极快的速度穿透皮肤和神经细胞膜屏障(大多数非甾体抗炎药不能有效地穿透神经细胞)，还可以在不伤害胃肠道的情况下透皮给药，所以这些前药有望用于治疗多发性硬化症(MS)、克罗恩氏病以及其他自身免疫性疾病，肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良症(OPMD)、强直性肌营养不良(MD)、杜馨氏肌肉失养症(DMD)、多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)，及其它肌肉疾病。The pathogenesis of cell death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may involve glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, oxidative damage and apoptosis. Cyclooxygenase-2 in spinal neurons and astrocytes catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates the release of glutamate from astrocytes, while cyclooxygenase-2 plays a key role in the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and free radicals. A selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, significantly inhibits prostaglandin E2 synthesis in the spinal cord of ALS mice. Celecoxib effectively slowed the progress of frailty and weight loss in mice, and prolonged survival by 25 percent. Spinal neurons in the spinal cord of ALS mice in the treatment group were significantly protected, with reduced gliosis and microglia activation (Merit. E. Cudkowicz, et al., Annals of neurology, 52, 771-778 , 2002). These results suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition may help ALS patients. The prodrugs of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of the present invention can penetrate the skin and nerve cell membrane barriers at an extremely fast speed (most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cannot effectively penetrate nerve cells), and can also be used without harming the stomach. Transdermal delivery in the intestinal tract, so these prodrugs are expected to be used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn's disease and other autoimmune diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD), Myotonic Dystrophy (MD), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), Polymyositis (PM), Dermatomyositis (DM), Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) , and other muscle diseases.
炎症机制被认为是阿尔兹海默症病变过程中的重要介导因素(McGeerPL、McGeerEG.The inflammatory response system of brain implications for the therapy ofAlzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases.Brain Res.Rev.，1995；21：195-218)。在in’t Veld等人的研究中(the New England Journal of Medicine、2001；345、1515)，他们对近7000个可能患阿尔兹海默症的人群进行了将近7年的跟踪观察。结果发现，那些在痴呆症发生之前持续服用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIAs)至少两年和两年或更多年的人，患阿尔兹海默症的几率明显降低。如果在痴呆症发作之前这几年非甾体抗炎药的(NSAIAs)神经保护的作用停止了，那么这些化合物就不能为大多数人在痴呆症的先兆期提供保护。我们认为，这是因为受损神经细胞周围组织形成了疤痕，以保护神经细胞不受到进一步的伤害。大多数非甾体抗炎药穿过血脑屏障和神经细胞屏障的速度极慢，并且不能穿过疤痕屏障。本发明中的这些前药具有快速穿透皮肤、血-脑屏障、神经细胞膜和疤痕屏障的能力，有望成为治疗阿尔兹海默症、帕金森氏症以及其它神经退行性疾病的良药。Inflammatory mechanisms are considered to be important mediators in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (McGeerPL, McGeerEG. The inflammatory response system of brain implications for the therapy of Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res. Rev., 1995;21:195 -218). In a study by in't Veld et al. (the New England Journal of Medicine, 2001; 345, 1515), they followed nearly 7000 people at risk of Alzheimer's disease for nearly 7 years. It found that those who continued to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIAs) for at least two and two or more years prior to the onset of dementia had significantly lower odds of developing Alzheimer's. If the neuroprotective effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIAs) ceased in the years preceding the onset of dementia, these compounds would not provide protection for most people during the prognostic stage of dementia. We believe this is because the tissue surrounding the damaged nerve cells forms a scar to protect the nerve cells from further damage. Most NSAIDs cross the blood-brain barrier and the nerve cell barrier extremely slowly, and cannot cross the scar barrier. The prodrugs of the present invention have the ability to rapidly penetrate the skin, blood-brain barrier, nerve cell membrane and scar barrier, and are expected to be good drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
这些前药能帮助那些脊椎受伤的病人，这些病人受伤的脊椎外面包裹了保护性的疤痕从而停止愈合。大多数非甾体抗炎药不能穿过疤痕屏障而达到治疗有效浓度，但本发明中的这些前药能穿过疤痕屏障，具有抗炎活性，并且能帮助伤口愈合。These prodrugs can help patients with spinal injuries, where protective scars surround the injured spine and stop healing. Most NSAIDs do not cross the scar barrier to therapeutically effective concentrations, but these prodrugs of the present invention do cross the scar barrier, have anti-inflammatory activity, and aid in wound healing.
由于非甾体抗炎药不能有效地穿过细胞膜，特别是脑细胞和神经细胞，在系统循环中停留时间太长以致大部分药物在到达“作用位点”前就被肠粘膜、肝脏、肾脏和肺代谢，因而不能有效用于治疗上述状态或会产生严重的副作用。这种情况不仅造成药效低，而且对肠粘膜、肝脏、肾脏，肺和身体其它部位带来毒性负担。本发明中的这些前药能有效穿透皮肤、血脑屏障、脑细胞、神经细胞和其它生物膜屏障，比母药的疗效高出数百倍，只需要正常药物剂量的几十分之一或几百分之一，副作用大大减少。这些前药不仅可以适用于透皮给药，也适用于其它任何给药系统(如口服、皮下给药、静脉给药、吸入给药和鼻腔给药)，它们可以更好地治疗其母药可以治疗的许多状态，甚至可以治疗一些其相应母药不能治疗的状态。Because NSAIDs cannot effectively cross cell membranes, especially brain cells and nerve cells, they stay in the systemic circulation for so long that most of the drugs are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa, liver, kidneys, etc. before reaching the "site of action". and pulmonary metabolism, and therefore cannot be effectively used for the treatment of the above conditions or may cause serious side effects. This condition not only results in low efficacy, but also imposes a toxic burden on the intestinal mucosa, liver, kidneys, lungs and other parts of the body. These prodrugs in the present invention can effectively penetrate the skin, blood-brain barrier, brain cells, nerve cells and other biofilm barriers, and are hundreds of times more effective than the parent drug, and only need a few tenths of the normal drug dose Or a few percent, the side effects are greatly reduced. These prodrugs can be suitable not only for transdermal administration, but also for any other delivery system (such as oral, subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalation, and nasal administration), and they can better treat their parent drug Many conditions can be treated, and even some that cannot be treated by their corresponding parent drugs.
上述通式(1，2a，2b，2c或2d)“结构式1，2a，2b，2c或2d”所表示的化合物可以由非甾体抗炎药制得，与N，N’-二环己基碳酰亚胺(DCC)、N，N’-二异丙基碳酰亚胺(DIC)、或其他偶合剂反应形成酸酐，然后与适当的醇、硫醇或胺反应。The compound represented by the above-mentioned general formula (1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d) "structural formula 1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d" can be prepared from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and is combined with N,N'-dicyclohexyl Carbonimide (DCC), N,N'-diisopropylcarbonimide (DIC), or other coupling agents are reacted to form anhydrides, which are then reacted with the appropriate alcohol, thiol, or amine.
上述通式(1，2a，2b，2c或2d)“结构式1，2a，2b，2c或2d”所表示的化合物可以由非甾体抗炎药的金属盐、有机碱盐或固定化碱盐与合适的卤化物反应来制备。The compound represented by the above-mentioned general formula (1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d) "structural formula 1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d" may be a metal salt, an organic base salt or an immobilized base salt of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Prepared by reaction with the appropriate halide.
含有通式(1，2a，2b，2c或2d)“结构式1，2a，2b，2c或2d”所表示的化合物的透皮给药治疗系统，或含有至少一种通式(1，2a，2b，2c或2d)“结构式1，2a，2b，2c或2d”所表示的化合物作为活性物质的组合物，可用于治疗人或动物的任何非甾体抗炎药可治疗的状态以及本发明中描述的任何状态。这些系统可以是绷带或贴片，其包括含有活性物质的底层和无渗透的保护层。最优选的系统是一种活性物质储库，其含有面向皮肤的可渗透底部。通过控制释放速度，该系统可使非甾体抗炎药持续稳定在最佳治疗血液浓度，从而提升疗效并降低非甾体抗炎药的副作用。这些系统可以戴在手腕、踝关节、胳膊、腿或身体的任何部位。优势A transdermal therapeutic system containing a compound represented by the general formula (1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d) "structural formula 1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d", or containing at least one compound of the general formula (1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d) The compound represented by "structural formula 1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d" is used as a composition of active substances, which can be used for the treatment of any NSAID treatable state of humans or animals and the present invention any state described in . These systems can be bandages or patches, which include an active substance-containing base layer and an impermeable protective layer. The most preferred system is an active substance reservoir containing a permeable base facing the skin. By controlling the release rate, the system can continuously stabilize NSAIDs at optimal therapeutic blood levels, thereby enhancing efficacy and reducing NSAID side effects. These systems can be worn on the wrist, ankle, arm, leg or any part of the body. Advantage
由于非甾体抗炎药不能有效地穿过细胞膜，特别是脑细胞和神经细胞，在系统循环中停留时间太长以致大部分药物在到达“作用位点”前就被肠粘膜、肝脏、肾脏和肺代谢，因而不能有效用于治疗本发明中提到的状态或会产生严重的副作用。这种情况不仅造成药效低，而且对肠粘膜、肝脏、肾脏，肺和身体其它部位带来毒性负担。本发明中的这些前药能有效穿透皮肤、血脑屏障、脑细胞、神经细胞和其它生物膜屏障，比母药的疗效高出数百倍，只需要正常药物剂量的几十分之一或几百分之一，副作用大大减少。这些前药不仅可以适用于透皮给药，也适用于其它任何给药系统(如口服、皮下给药、静脉给药、吸入给药和鼻腔给药)，可以治疗许多母药不能治疗的状态。这些前药不仅能用于透皮给药，而且可以口服(它们不会伤害胃因为它们不能穿过胃壁)用于治疗任何医疗用途，避免了非甾体抗炎药的大多数副作用，最主要的是胃肠道不适如消化不良、胃与十二指肠出血、胃溃疡、胃炎等。这些前药通过透皮给药的另一大好处是用药方便，特别是给儿童用药更容易了。Because NSAIDs cannot effectively cross cell membranes, especially brain cells and nerve cells, they stay in the systemic circulation for so long that most of the drugs are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa, liver, kidneys, etc. before reaching the "site of action". and pulmonary metabolism, and thus cannot be effectively used to treat the conditions mentioned in the present invention or can have serious side effects. This condition not only results in low efficacy, but also imposes a toxic burden on the intestinal mucosa, liver, kidneys, lungs and other parts of the body. These prodrugs in the present invention can effectively penetrate the skin, blood-brain barrier, brain cells, nerve cells and other biofilm barriers, and are hundreds of times more effective than the parent drug, and only need a few tenths of the normal drug dose Or a few percent, the side effects are greatly reduced. These prodrugs can be used not only for transdermal administration, but also for any other delivery system (such as oral, subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalation, and nasal administration), and can treat many states that cannot be treated by the parent drug . These prodrugs can be used not only for transdermal delivery, but also orally (they do not harm the stomach because they cannot pass through the stomach wall) for any medical use, avoiding most of the side effects of NSAIDs, most notably Gastrointestinal discomfort such as indigestion, gastric and duodenal bleeding, gastric ulcer, gastritis, etc. Another great benefit of transdermal delivery of these prodrugs is the ease of administration, especially in children.
附图说明Description of drawings
其中，通式(1，2a，2b，2c或2d)“结构式1，2a，2b，2c或2d”中的R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、X、HA和Ary-的定义与权利要求1和权利要求2中对R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、X、HA的定义一致。Wherein, R, R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , R5 , R6 , R in the general formula (1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d) "structural formula 1, 2a, 2b, 2c or 2d"7 , R8 , R9 , X, HA and Ary- have the same definitions as R, R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , R5 , R6 , R7 , R in claim 1 and claim 2 The definitions of8 , R9 , X and HA are the same.
最佳实施方式best practice
二乙氨基乙基乙酰水杨酸酯乙酰水杨酸盐的制备Preparation of diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylate
将180克2-乙酰水杨酸溶解于1000毫升氯仿。混合物冷却到5℃。将103克1，3-二环己基碳酰亚胺加入到上述混合物。混合物在室温搅拌2小时。过滤除去固体杂质并用氯仿洗，每次300毫升洗3次。将59克二乙氨基乙醇加入到反应混合物中。混合物在室温搅拌3小时。蒸干有机溶剂。干燥后得到220克目标产品(产率96％)。元素分析：C24H29NO8；分子量：459.18。理论值(％)C：62.73；H：6.36；N：3.05；O：27.86；实测值(％)C：62.70；H：6.40；Cl：N：3.01；O：27.90。Dissolve 180 g of 2-acetylsalicylic acid in 1000 ml of chloroform. The mixture was cooled to 5°C. 103 grams of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbonimide were added to the above mixture. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solid impurities were removed by filtration and washed with chloroform three times with 300 ml each. 59 grams of diethylaminoethanol was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The organic solvent was evaporated to dryness. After drying, 220 g of the desired product were obtained (96% yield).Elemental analysis:C24H29NO8 ; molecular weight:459.18 . Theoretical (%) C: 62.73; H: 6.36; N: 3.05; O: 27.86; Found (%) C: 62.70; H: 6.40; Cl: N: 3.01; O: 27.90.
实施方案implementation plan
1-哌啶丙基2[(2，6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酸酯醋酸盐的制备Preparation of 1-Piperidinylpropyl 2[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenylacetate acetate
31.8克(0.1摩尔)的2[(2，6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酸纳悬于180毫升的氯仿中。将28.6克(0.1摩尔)的1-哌啶丙基溴溴化氢盐加入至混合物，混合物在室温搅拌5小时。混合物用5％的Na2CO3洗一次每次300毫升和用水洗三次每次100毫升。混合物用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤除去硫酸钠，并用氯仿洗三次每次50毫升。将6克醋酸加入至溶液。溶液真空浓缩至100毫升。然后在溶液中加入300毫升己烷。过滤收集固体产物，并且用己烷洗三次每次100毫升。干燥后，得到40克目标产品(产率86％)。元素分析：C24H30Cl2N2O4；分子量：481.43。理论值(％)C：59.88；H：6.28；Cl：14.73；N：5.82；O：13.29；实测值(％)C：59.83；H：6.32；Cl：14.71、N：5.79；O：13.35。31.8 g (0.1 mol) of sodium 2[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenylacetic acid were suspended in 180 mL of chloroform. 28.6 g (0.1 mol) of 1-piperidinepropyl hydrogen bromide salt was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The mixture was washed once with 300 mL of 5% Na2 CO3 and three times with 100 mL of water. The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The sodium sulfate was removed by filtration and washed three times with 50 mL each of chloroform. 6 grams of acetic acid was added to the solution. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to 100 mL. Then 300 mL of hexane was added to the solution. The solid product was collected by filtration and washed three times with 100 mL of hexane. After drying, 40 g of the desired product were obtained (86% yield). Elemental analysis:C24H30Cl2N2O4; molecular weight:481.43. Theoretical value (%) C: 59.88; H: 6.28; Cl: 14.73; N: 5.82; O: 13.29;
3-哌啶甲基2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸酯醋酸盐的制备Preparation of 3-Piperidinylmethyl 2-(ρ-isobutylphenyl)propionate acetate
60克聚合物固定化的三乙胺(3mmol/g，100-200目)悬浮在500毫升氯仿中。混合物中搅拌加入20.6克(0.1摩尔)2-(ρ-异丁基苯基)丙酸。混合物中搅拌加入39克(0.15摩尔)3-哌啶甲基溴溴化氢盐，混合物在室温下搅拌10小时。过滤除去聚合物，用丙酮洗三次每次50毫升。在溶液中搅拌加入300毫升5％的Na2CO3水溶液。混合物搅拌30分钟。氯仿溶液用水洗三次每次100毫升，然后用硫酸钠干燥。过滤除去硫酸钠，并用氯仿洗三次每次100毫升。混合液中加入6克醋酸。溶液真空浓缩到100毫升，然后加入300毫升己烷。过滤收集固体产品并用己烷洗三次每次100毫升，干燥后得到35克目标产品，产率为96％。元素分析：C21H33NO4；分子量：363.49；理论值(％)：C：69.39；H：9.15；N：3.85；O：17.61；测定值(％)：C：69.35；H：9.18；N：3.83；O：17.64。60 g of polymer-immobilized triethylamine (3 mmol/g, 100-200 mesh) were suspended in 500 mL of chloroform. To the mixture was added 20.6 g (0.1 mole) of 2-(p-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid with stirring. To the mixture was stirred and added 39 g (0.15 mol) of 3-piperidinemethyl hydrogen bromide salt, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 hours. The polymer was removed by filtration and washed three times with 50 mL each of acetone. To the solution was added 300 mL of a5 % aqueousNa2CO3 solution with stirring. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The chloroform solution was washed three times with 100 ml of water, and then dried over sodium sulfate. The sodium sulfate was removed by filtration and washed three times with 100 mL of chloroform. Add 6 grams of acetic acid to the mixture. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to 100 mL, then 300 mL of hexane was added. The solid product was collected by filtration and washed three times with 100 ml of hexane each time. After drying, 35 g of the target product was obtained with a yield of 96%. Elemental analysis: C21 H33 NO4 ; molecular weight: 363.49; theoretical value (%): C: 69.39; H: 9.15; N: 3.85; O: 17.61; found value (%): C: 69.35; H: 9.18; N: 3.83; O: 17.64.
工业实用性Industrial Applicability
通式(1、2a、2b、2c、或2d)“结构式1、2a、2b、2c、或2d”中的前药优于非甾体抗炎药。它们可用于治疗人或动物的任何非甾体抗炎药能治疗的状态。它们还可用于治疗和预防糖尿病(I型和II型)、血糖异常和血脂异常、中风、心肌梗塞和其它心脏及心血管疾病、阿尔兹海默症、帕金森氏症和其它神经退行性疾病、牛皮癣、盘状红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、自身免疫性肝炎、硬皮症、萧格仑症候群、类风湿性关节炎、多肌炎、硬皮症、桥本甲状腺炎、青少年糖尿病、艾迪生病、白癜风、恶性贫血、血管球性肾炎、肺纤维化、多发性硬化症(MS)、克罗恩氏病、和其它自身免疫性疾病、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、眼咽肌营养不良(OPMD)、肌强直性营养不良(MD)、杜馨氏肌肉失养症(DMD)、多肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)、包涵体肌炎(IBM)、及其它肌肉疾病，痔疮、发炎性的痔疮、辐照后(人工性)直肠炎、慢性溃疡性结肠炎、隐窝炎、及其它肛门直肠的炎症状态，和肛门瘙痒、前列腺炎、前列腺膀胱炎、自身免疫性肝炎，自身免疫性肾炎，静脉炎、其它炎症、脊柱损伤、疤痕、乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌、口腔癌、肺及其它呼吸系统癌症、皮肤癌、子宫癌、生殖癌、泌尿器官癌症、白血病及其它血液及淋巴组织癌症及其它癌症，和许多其它状态。这些前药无需添加皮肤渗透促进剂即可用于透皮给药。The prodrug of general formula (1, 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d) "structural formula 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d" is superior to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They can be used to treat any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatable condition in humans or animals. They are also useful in the treatment and prevention of diabetes (types I and II), dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction and other heart and cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases , psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune hepatitis, scleroderma, Xiaogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, scleroderma, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, adolescents diabetes, Addison's disease, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, glomerulonephritis, pulmonary fibrosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn's disease, and other autoimmune diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), myotonic dystrophy (MD), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), and other muscle diseases, hemorrhoids, inflamed hemorrhoids, post-irradiation (artificial) proctitis, chronic ulcerative colitis, cryptitis, and other anorectal inflammatory states, and anal pruritus, prostatitis , prostate cystitis, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune nephritis, phlebitis, other inflammations, spinal injuries, scars, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, oral cancer, lung and other respiratory cancers, skin cancer, uterine cancer, reproductive cancer, cancer of the urinary organs, leukemia and other blood and lymphoid tissue cancers and other cancers, and many other conditions. These prodrugs can be used for transdermal delivery without the addition of skin penetration enhancers.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610081197.5ACN105669531B (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with fast skin and biofilm penetration rates and their new medicinal uses |
| HK16109604.1AHK1221467B (en) | 2016-08-11 | Pro-drugs of nsaias with very high skin and membranes penetration rates and their new medicinal uses |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610081197.5ACN105669531B (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with fast skin and biofilm penetration rates and their new medicinal uses |
| CN200780053229.XACN101687792B (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with fast skin and biomembrane penetration and their medical use |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN200780053229.XADivisionCN101687792B (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with fast skin and biomembrane penetration and their medical use |
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| CN105669531Btrue CN105669531B (en) | 2019-05-07 |
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| CN201610081197.5AExpired - Fee RelatedCN105669531B (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with fast skin and biofilm penetration rates and their new medicinal uses |
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| US2671805A (en)* | 1952-07-02 | 1954-03-09 | Searle & Co | Basically substituted o-arylamino-benzamides |
| GB1187259A (en)* | 1967-10-23 | 1970-04-08 | Hexachimie | New Aminoalkyl Esters of 2-Anilino-Nicotinic Acids and process for their manufacture |
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| HK1221467A1 (en) | 2017-06-02 |
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| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
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| CN105820107B (en) | Prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with fast skin and biofilm penetration rates and their novel medicinal uses | |
| JP6153264B2 (en) | NSAIA prodrug with very fast skin and membrane permeation rate and novel pharmaceutical use thereof | |
| JP5997658B2 (en) | NSAIA prodrug with very fast skin and membrane permeation rate and novel pharmaceutical use thereof | |
| JP6621775B2 (en) | NSAIA prodrug with very fast skin and membrane permeation rate and novel pharmaceutical use thereof | |
| CN105669531B (en) | Prodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with fast skin and biofilm penetration rates and their new medicinal uses | |
| JP7418502B2 (en) | NSAIA prodrugs with very fast skin and membrane permeation rates and their novel pharmaceutical uses | |
| JP6720257B2 (en) | NSAIA prodrugs with very fast skin and membrane penetration rates and novel pharmaceutical uses thereof | |
| HK1221467B (en) | Pro-drugs of nsaias with very high skin and membranes penetration rates and their new medicinal uses | |
| HK1221718B (en) | Pro-drugs of nsaias with very high skin and membranes penetration rates and their new medicinal uses | |
| HK1138576A (en) | Pro-drugs of nsaias with very high skin and membranes penetration rates and their new medicinal uses |
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