CN105662533B

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Publication number: CN105662533B
Application number: CN201610009736.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 璧典腑; 赵中
Original assignee: Zhuhai Tongqiao Medical Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Tongqiao Medical Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2016-01-06
Filing date: 2016-01-06
Publication date: 2020-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 2036-01-06
Also published as: CN105662533A

Abstract

The invention relates to a blood vessel thrombus taking device with a spiral structure and a thrombus therapeutic apparatus thereof, wherein a thrombus taking device comprises a developing ring, a developing ring and a thrombus taking device arranged between the developing ring and the developing ring, and the thrombus taking device comprises a net-shaped or cage-shaped structure consisting of a plurality of unit grids which are mutually connected; the net-like or cage-like structure is open, and has longitudinal gaps on its side surface, and the longitudinal gaps spirally extend along the outer surface of the net-like or cage-like structure. The thrombus therapeutic apparatus comprises a blood vessel thrombus taking device with a spiral structure, a protective sheath tube, a delivery wire, a micro-catheter, a guide catheter and a rotary hemostatic valve, wherein the micro-catheter is pushed to the position of a thrombus in the guide catheter along the guide catheter, the protective sheath tube is communicated with the micro-catheter through the rotary hemostatic valve, and the thrombus taking device is placed in the protective sheath tube and pushed into the micro-catheter by a delivery wire. The thrombus removal device has good flexibility, and the thrombus removal device can pass through a bent blood vessel or reach a blood vessel with a thinner far end, so that the damage to the blood vessel wall is reduced to the minimum.

Description

Blood vessel thrombus taking device with spiral structure and thrombus therapeutic instrument thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a blood vessel thrombus taking device with a spiral structure and a thrombus therapeutic apparatus using the same, in particular to a medical instrument for intervening blood vessels, which is used for eliminating thrombus blocked in the blood vessels by a mechanical mode to achieve a therapeutic method for immediately recovering blood flow when acute ischemic stroke occurs, and is particularly suitable for taking thrombus from intracranial blood vessels.

Background

Once ischemic stroke occurs, the vessel must be recanalized within a minimum time (effective time window). At present, there are two main treatment methods for intracranial thrombosis: drug thrombolysis and mechanical thrombus removal.

The drug thrombolysis is to dissolve thrombus by intravenous injection of rt-PA (tissue plasminogen activator) or urokinase, and also can be used for intra-arterial contact thrombolysis, anti-platelet aggregation, anticoagulant drug therapy, and the like. Although thrombolytic therapy has been shown to improve The Neurological prognosis well, according to The national institute of Neurological diseases and Stroke (The national institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group, NINDS) studies, it is believed that venous thrombolysis should occur within 3 hours of onset, The arterial thrombolysis time window should be within 6 hours, and such a short thrombolysis time window renders only 4.5-6.3% of patients receptive to thrombolytic therapy; secondly, thrombolytic therapy is only suitable for small-volume thrombi, and the therapeutic effect on large-volume thrombus embolism is not ideal; furthermore, some patients have allergic reactions to thrombolytic drugs and are not suitable for thrombolytic therapy.

In order to solve the problem of drug thrombolysis, mechanical thrombolysis is used to remove blocked thrombus for patients who exceed the thrombolysis time window and are intolerant of thrombolysis treatment. In the prior art, mechanical embolectomy devices have been disclosed as follows:

in the invention patent 'thrombus taking device and thrombus taking device' with the patent number of CN104000635A published in China, a plurality of three-dimensional contour concave rods extending into a tube cavity of a net structure are provided, two ends of each concave rod are fixed in the tube cavity, and thrombus can be fixed through the concave rods in the recovery process after the thrombus is captured.

In the invention patent "device for removing thrombus from blood vessel" of chinese patent No. CN101340849A, a distal member with fibers extending radially outward is received therein by a cage-like or tubular structure, and thrombus is safely removed from the blood vessel with the aid of the fibers.

In the invention patent 'intravascular thrombus and embolus excider' with the patent number of CN101396295A published in China, the thrombus excider is provided with a thrombus excider with a thrombus excising spring and a net basket in a contraction or release state, the net basket is positioned at the far end of the thrombus excider, the thrombus is caught by the winding of the thrombus excider spring, and the net basket is used for taking out blood clots and thrombus fragments generated in the thrombus taking process together so as to protect the far end of a blood vessel.

An invention patent "intravascular thrombus-capturing device" of chinese published patent No. CN102316809A has a wire body that can freely move in and out and a thrombus-capturing section provided at the distal end thereof, and captures and removes thrombus adhering to the blood vessel wall by the movement of an elastic coil body that is disposed between a fixed section and a movable section.

In the invention patent "apparatus for removing thrombus" of chinese patent No. CN101035474A, a guide wire having a fiber member with a cross structure at its distal end is provided, and foreign substances and thrombus are removed from a body cavity and a blood vessel by its back and forth movement.

In the invention of CN102014772A, a method and device for blood flow restoration, a self-expanding conical overlapping structure of a component of a mesh structure of interconnected wires or filaments or struts is introduced into an occluded blood vessel through a microcatheter and a push wire and then self-expands to restore blood flow.

In the invention patent "system and method for treating ischemic stroke" with patent number CN101027004A, the system comprises a guiding and blocking catheter, a delivery and suction catheter, a suction pump, a thromboembolic receiver, and a thromboembolic separator, wherein the suction pump sucks thrombus into the thromboembolic receiver through the suction catheter, thereby withdrawing the thrombus out of the body.

In the utility model of ZL200620164685.4, the utility model discloses a thrombus taking device, which comprises an umbrella with two long and one short three-jaw members with elastic memory function, and a thrombus taking device with a circular structure formed by the surrounding net, wherein the three-jaw members are closed by pulling a push-pull rod outwards to fold the thrombus and wrap the thrombus in the umbrella part and take out the thrombus.

In the invention of System and Method for treating Ischemic Stroke, U.S. patent No. US7931659B2, a hollow tubular receiver surrounded by a plurality of filaments is attached to the end of an elongated tube, the receiver is placed through the elongated tube at the site of vascular embolization, and the thrombus is withdrawn from the body by being received in the hollow lumen of the receiver.

In the invention of the "Clot Retriever Device" published in U.S. patent No. US2006/0047286A1, there is an expandable and contractible retrieval basket affixed to the end of the pusher with an open port that is controlled to open and close by a wire affixed to the end of the basket to trap thrombus within the basket.

In the invention patent "Clot Retriever Device" of US published patent No. US2002/0049452A1, one or more shape memory embolic elements are attached to an elongated catheter and movable within a compressible member, and are deployed through the elongated catheter to an embolic site, where they expand outwardly to capture and entrap the thrombus.

In the invention of US2009/0240238a1, "Clot retrievalewich" there is a self-expandable snare attached to the end of an elongate shaft, and a collapsible bag of flexible non-porous material attached thereto, the device is placed along a body passageway through the elongate shaft to an embolization site, and the bag is opened to entrap a thrombus therein.

The various mechanical embolectomy devices described above all have significant drawbacks: under the condition that thrombus cannot be directly viewed, the basket or net type catcher cannot sleeve blood clots to cause thrombus taking failure, the size of the catcher is too large, the catcher cannot be used in cerebral arteries with thin blood vessels such as the middle cerebral artery M1 and the middle cerebral artery M2, and the thrombus is not firmly fixed and easily falls off when being recovered after being captured; although the existing thrombus taking device solves the problem of thrombus falling off, the structure is complex, and the added concave rod structure for fixing thrombus greatly reduces the overall flexibility of the thrombus taking device, so that the thrombus taking device cannot pass through tortuous intracranial blood vessels.

On the other hand, existing negative pressure aspiration style embolectomy, while safe, is only effective for relatively soft thromboembolism through aspiration removal; to enhance aspiration, rotary blades or resectors have been used to fragment the thrombus, and while such rotary blade features improve the effectiveness of the aspiration technique, the risk of injury to the vessel wall is greatly increased; although laser and ultrasonic are clean and effective energy sources, if the operation is not proper, peripheral blood vessels are easily damaged, and if the energy is too low, the damage is not effective, and if the energy is too high, the blood vessels are damaged, so that the optimal curative effect can not be achieved by determining the intensity of the laser with high energy.

Therefore, there is a need for further improvements in the art and it would be desirable to design an improved intracranial vascular thrombectomy device which, in one aspect, is sufficiently small in size and flexible enough to allow the device to access the thinner distal blood vessels in the cranium; secondly, the capture rate is high, the clamping property of thrombus is good, the fixation is firm in the thrombus taking and recovering process, and the thrombus is not easy to fall off; thirdly, the radial supporting force is small, and the damage to the vascular wall and the peripheral blood vessels is small.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that a blood vessel thrombus taking device with a spiral structure and a thrombus therapeutic apparatus thereof are provided, wherein the thrombus taking device has an open structure which spirally rises, the clamping force on thrombus is large enough during thrombus taking, and the thrombus does not slip in the thrombus taking process; the folding property is good, the flexibility is high, and the thrombus taking device can pass through a bent blood vessel or reach a thin blood vessel at the far end; the radial supporting force is small, and the damage to the vessel wall and the surrounding vessels in the thrombus removal process is reduced to the minimum.

The invention is realized in this way, provide a kind of blood vessel with helical structure and get the thrombus device, can be used in the cranium, neck, get the thrombus device and include the developing ring located in its proximal end, the developing ring located in its distal end and get the thrombus device set up between developing ring and developing ring, get the thrombus device include by the network tube-like or cage-like structure that multiple unit grid that link each other make up, every said unit grid is surrounded by the rib that connects each other, the said unit grid goes forward and falls the position to the left side along getting the thrombus device longitudinal axis, and compare the proximal end left deviation at getting the distal end of thrombus device finally, the network tube-like or cage-like structure can collapse and fold and have the ability of self-expanding recovery under the free state under the compression condition, and, the collapse of the network tube-like or cage-like structure is folded and expanded and can be changed each other without difficulty; the net-shaped or cage-shaped structure is open, and the lateral surface of the net-shaped or cage-shaped structure is provided with longitudinal gaps which spirally extend along the outer surface of the net-shaped or cage-shaped structure. The device can also be used for other adaptive parts of human blood vessels.

Further, the unit grid of the embolectomy device is gradually increased in the longitudinal direction, and the longitudinal gap) is axially rotated by one circle.

Further, the lattice of the embolectomy device is increased in two increments in the longitudinal direction, and the spiral starting point and the spiral ending point of the longitudinal gap are rotated in the axial direction for half a revolution.

Further, the lattice of cells of the embolectomy device increases every third in the longitudinal direction, and the helical start and end points of the longitudinal gap rotate one quarter of a turn in the axial direction.

Further, the embolectomy device has an oblong shape or an oblong shape in a self-expanded state, a length ranging between 5 mm and 60 mm, and a diameter ranging between 2 mm and 6 mm.

Further, a ratio of the length to the height of the unit cell is greater than 1 and less than 2.

Further, a tapered structure is provided at the proximal end of the embolectomy device in the self-expanded state, gradually expanding from the proximal end to the distal end, and the taper is 30 ° to 60 °.

Further, the surface of the thrombus taking device is coated with a coating containing anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Further, the developer ring and the developer ring are both made of a material that can be visualized under X-rays.

Further, the developing ring and the developing ring are connected with the bolt remover in a welding or pressing or gluing mode.

Further, the embolectomy device is made of a shape memory material.

The invention also discloses a thrombus therapeutic apparatus, which uses the blood vessel thrombus taking device with the spiral structure, and the therapeutic apparatus also comprises a protective sheath tube and a conveying wire and/or a micro-catheter and/or a guide catheter, wherein the outer diameter of the protective sheath tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide catheter, the outer diameter of the micro-catheter is smaller than the inner diameter of the protective sheath tube, the protective sheath tube is placed in the guide catheter, the micro-catheter is placed in the protective sheath tube, the thrombus taking device is placed in the protective sheath tube or the micro-catheter, one end of the conveying wire is connected with a developing ring at the near end of the thrombus taking device, and the conveying wire conveys the thrombus taking device.

Further, the wire is made of soft metal wire with certain rigidity.

Further, the protective sheath is made of a polymeric material.

Compared with the prior art, the blood vessel thrombus taking device with the spiral structure and the thrombus treatment instrument thereof have the beneficial effects that: the design that the thrombus taking device is spirally folded in the axial direction can greatly improve the clamping force on thrombus, so that the thrombus taking device can spirally wrap the whole thrombus in the whole thrombus taking process, and the risk of thrombus falling is greatly reduced; due to the open design, the folding performance of the thrombus taking device is good, and the flexibility of the whole thrombus taking device is good enough; structurally, no additional parts are added, the purpose can be achieved only by changing the shape, and the processing is easy.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thrombus treatment device with a blood vessel having a helical structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the embolectomy device of FIG. 1 received within a protective sheath;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the embolectomy device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the first embodiment of the embolectomy device of FIG. 3 shown in an expanded configuration, wherein the spirals of the cellular lattice are incrementally increased;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the embolectomy device of FIG. 4 in a free state, with the helical structure of the longitudinal gap rotated one revolution;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the deployment of the second embodiment of the embolectomy device of FIG. 3, wherein the helices of the cellular lattice are incremented every two;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the embolectomy device of FIG. 6 in a free state, with a half-turn of the helical structure of the longitudinal gap;

FIG. 8 is a schematic deployment view of a third embodiment of the embolectomy device of FIG. 3, wherein the helix of the cellular lattice is incremented every third;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the embolectomy device of FIG. 8 in a free state, with the helical structure of the longitudinal gap rotated one-quarter of a turn;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the dimensional relationship of the unit grid of fig. 4.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The terms "distal" and "proximal" in the context of the present invention should be understood as viewed from the direction of the attending physician. The distal end is the side facing away from the attending physician, which relates to the components of the device of the invention that are advanced further into the vascular system, whereas the proximal end refers to the side facing the attending physician, i.e. the proximally disposed component of the device is introduced less far into the blood vessel.

In the present invention, if the phrase "longitudinal direction" is used in this document, it should be understood to mean the direction in which the device of the present invention is advanced, the longitudinal axis of the device also coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the blood vessel along which the device is advanced. The direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is defined as the axial direction.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, the vascular thrombus removal device with a spiral structure according to the present invention includes athrombus removal device 100, avisualization ring 300 located at the proximal end of thethrombus removal device 100, and avisualization ring 200 located at the distal end of thethrombus removal device 100. Theembolectomy device 100 comprises a mesh-like or cage-like structure composed of a plurality ofinterconnected unit cells 170, eachunit cell 170 being surrounded byinterconnected ribs 120. The grid ofcells 170 is left-hand stepped along the longitudinal axis of theembolectomy device 100, and is ultimately left-hand offset at the distal end of theembolectomy device 100 as compared to the proximal end. The mesh tubular or cage structure can collapse and fold under pressure and has self-expansion recovery capability in a free state, and the collapse and expansion of the mesh tubular or cage structure can be mutually converted without difficulty.

The mesh or cage structure is open and haslongitudinal gaps 160 on its sides, thelongitudinal gaps 160 extending helically along the outer surface of the mesh or cage structure. Open is understood to mean that thecells 170 are interconnected in an open tubular or cage-like structure withlongitudinal gaps 160 open on the sides, whichlongitudinal gaps 160 are at least one and may be designed in several places. Thelongitudinal gap 160 embodiment of the present invention is designed as one point, as shown in fig. 5, 7 and 9. With this structure, thethrombus remover 100 can be easily folded in a thinner blood vessel, and since the folding surface is spiral, the clamping force for clamping the thrombus is greatly improved, and the thrombus is effectively prevented from falling off and flowing to a thinner blood vessel at the far end.

There are various embodiments of the helical configuration of thelongitudinal gap 160 of theembolectomy device 100, and several examples are given below:

in the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 5: thecell grid 170 of theembolectomy device 100 is sequentially increased in the longitudinal direction, and the helical start and end points of thelongitudinal gap 160 are axially rotated by one turn. This makes it possible to fold thethrombectomy device 100 at any point on the circumference, i.e., the clamping force of thethrombectomy device 100 to the thrombus is non-linear around the entire circumference, and the clamping force to the thrombus is greatly increased.

Example two, as shown in fig. 6 and 7: the helical start and end points of thelongitudinal gap 160 are rotated axially one half revolution for every two increments of thecell grid 170 of theembolectomy device 100 in the longitudinal direction. The structure has the advantages that the thrombus is folded and clamped on the semi-circumferential spiral line by thethrombus remover 100, thethrombus remover 100 can keep certain flexibility, and thethrombus remover 100 cannot collapse in the advancing process.

Example three, as shown in fig. 8 and 9: the helical start and end points of thelongitudinal gap 160 are rotated axially one-quarter of a revolution for every three increments of thecell grid 170 of theembolectomy device 100 in the longitudinal direction. This configuration allows thethrombectomy device 100 to have limited folding along the axial helix, while maintaining a radial support force for the thrombus.

The proximal end of theembolectomy device 100 is provided with atapered structure 130 which tapers from the proximal end to the distal end at a taper of 30 ° to 60 °. The advantage of this design is that the resistance to advancement can be greatly reduced when the bolt extractor is retracted into the guide catheter.

Theembolectomy device 100 has an oblong shape or an oblong shape in a self-expanding state, with a length ranging between 5 mm and 60 mm and a diameter ranging between 2 mm and 6 mm to accommodate the anatomy of the intracranial vessel of the patient.

Referring to FIG. 10, the ratio of the length L1 and the height H1 of thecell grid 170 is greater than 1 and less than 2, which is similar to a diamond-shaped structure, and this structure has the advantage of being easily deformed and easily accomplished when the embolectomy device is self-expanding, deployed and retracted, collapsed and folded.

The surface of thethrombectomy device 100 is coated with a coating containing anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs to enhance the fluidity of blood and facilitate the pushing of the thrombectomy device.

Both the developingring 300 and the developingring 200 are made of a material that can be visualized by X-rays, preferably platinum, platinum iridium, platinum-tungsten alloy, gold, silver, or the like. Nontransmissive X-ray markers of this type are added at the distal and proximal ends of theembolectomy device 100, enabling the attending physician to monitor positioning relative to one another and thus treatment progress with the aid of an imaging device, improving the accuracy of the embolectomy. The marker-developing ring and developing ring which are connected with two ends of the embolectomy device and do not transmit X-ray can make the embolectomy device be visually operated under the support of the digital subtraction angiography system, and make the embolectomy accurate and reliable. The doctor only advances and withdraws the device to complete the embolectomy operation, compared with the traditional embolectomy operation, the operation process is greatly simplified, the workload of the doctor is reduced, the precious treatment time is won for the patient, and more time is won for the reversible ischemic brain tissue.

The developingring 300 and the developingring 200 are connected with theembolectomy device 100 by welding, crimping, gluing or the like. The connection should have a certain strength to prevent the embolectomy device from falling off during the embolectomy process.

Theembolectomy device 100 is made of a shape memory material. The shape memory material referred to in the present invention is particularly denoted as nitinol. Theembolectomy device 100 is made from nitinol via laser cutting.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention further discloses a thrombus treatment apparatus, which uses the blood vessel thrombus removal device with a spiral structure, the treatment apparatus further comprises aprotective sheath 400, adelivery wire 500, a micro-catheter 600, a guiding catheter (not shown in the figure) and a rotary hemostatic valve (not shown in the figure), wherein the outer diameter of the micro-catheter 600 is smaller than the inner diameter of the guiding catheter. The microcatheter 600 is pushed to the position of the blood embolism along the guide catheter in the guide catheter, theprotective sheath 400 is communicated with the microcatheter 600 through the rotary hemostatic valve, thethrombus taking device 100 is placed in theprotective sheath 400, is pushed into the microcatheter 600 by thedelivery wire 500 and is pushed to the position of the blood embolism. The guiding catheter has a larger inner diameter than that for placing theprotective sheath 400 and the micro-catheter 600. In this way, the entire thrombus and theembolectomy device 100 in its expanded state may be moved and placed into the guide catheter. During treatment, the microcatheter 600 is also typically advanced through a guiding catheter, although the guiding catheter can be advanced up to the site of the thromboembolism, in particularly small lumen vessels, particularly in the intracranial region, embolectomy procedures can only be performed with a microcatheter 600 of a very small diameter placed within the microcatheter 600 delivered to the site of the thromboembolism.

Thefeeding wire 500 is made of a soft metal wire having a certain rigidity. It will be appreciated that for the intended purpose, the distal ends of thedelivery wires 500, particularly into the intracranial vessel segment, must be sufficiently rigid, but at the same time must be sufficiently flexible or pliable so that they can pass through theprotective sheath 400 or guiding catheter and not damage the vessel wall. The length dimension of which is sized to provide delivery of the embolectomy device to the site of the thromboembolism. Theprotective sheath 400 is made of a polymeric material. The polymeric material is polytetrafluoroethylene. Theprotective sheath 400 has an inner diameter and a length sized to receive and protect the soft portion of the distal ends of theembolectomy device 100 and thedelivery wire 500.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

2. The vascular embolectomy device with a helical structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein when the helical start point and the end point of the longitudinal gap (160) are rotated in the axial direction by half a revolution, the unit cell (170) of the embolectomy device (100) is increased by two in the longitudinal direction.

3. The vascular embolectomy device with a helical structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein when the helical start point and the end point of the longitudinal gap (160) are axially rotated by a quarter of a turn, the unit cell (170) of the embolectomy device (100) is increased by every three times in the longitudinal direction.

4. The vascular embolectomy device with a helical structure of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the embolectomy device (100) has an oblong shape or an oblong shape in a self-expanded state, a length ranging between 5 mm and 60 mm, and a diameter ranging between 2 mm and 6 mm.

5. The thrombectomy device with spiral structure of claim 4, wherein the ratio of the length (L1) to the height (H1) of the unit cell (170) is larger than 1 and smaller than 2.

6. The vascular embolectomy device with a helical structure as set forth in claim 4, wherein a tapered structure (130) is provided at the proximal end of the embolectomy device (100) in the self-expanded state, gradually expanding from the proximal end to the distal end thereof, and the taper is 30 ° to 60 °.

7. The vascular embolectomy device with a spiral structure as set forth in claim 4, wherein the surface of the embolectomy device (100) is coated with a coating containing an anticoagulant or antiplatelet agent.

8. The thrombectomy device with spiral structure according to claim 4, wherein the developing ring (300) and the developing ring (200) are made of material visible under X-ray.

9. The vascular embolectomy device with a spiral structure as recited in claim 8, characterized in that the development ring (300) and the development ring (200) are connected with the embolectomy device (100) by welding, crimping or gluing.

10. The vascular embolectomy device with a helical structure as set forth in claim 4, wherein the embolectomy device (100) is made of a shape memory material.

11. A thrombus treatment instrument, wherein the vascular thrombus removal device with a spiral structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used, the apparatus further comprises a protective sheath (400) delivery wire (500), a microcatheter (600), a guiding catheter and a rotary hemostatic valve, the outer diameter of the microcatheter (600) is smaller than the inner diameter of the guiding catheter, the microcatheter (600) is pushed to the position of the thrombus along the guiding catheter in the guiding catheter, the protective sheath (400) is communicated with the microcatheter (600) through the rotary hemostatic valve, and the thrombus removal device (100) is placed in the protective sheath (400), is pushed into the microcatheter (600) by the delivery wire (500) and is pushed to the position of the thrombus.

12. The thrombus treatment apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the delivery wire (500) is made of a flexible, rigid wire.

13. The thrombus treatment apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the protective sheath (400) is made of a polymeric material.