A kind of low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication network failure diagnostic device and methodTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of carrier communication network trouble-shooter, especially one is used forOn-the-spot low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication network failure diagnostic device also relates to phase simultaneouslyThe method of answering, belongs to carrier communication field.
Background technology
The low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication technology is in power consumer power information acquisition systemApplication promote just rapidly. But traditional low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication network field failureDiagnostic method needs engineers and technicians to carry the instrument such as sample of signal device, frequency spectrograph, insulating power supplyDevice equipment carries out Measurement and analysis to scene. These instrument and equipments are expensive, carry inconvenience. AndAnd the sampled data of a lot of instruments, needs professional personnel could analyze, the dividing of lack of wisdomAnalyse means. Therefore, up to now, practical engineering application field engineering technical staff is for sceneThe fault diagnosis of bandwidth carrier communication network, lacks analyzing and diagnosing instrument practical, facilitation.
Retrieval discovery, the Chinese patent application that application number is 201210183026.5 discloses onePlant communication network failure diagnostic method and equipment. The method comprises that base station gathers and record electromagnetismInterfering signal; Described base station obtains the electromagnetic interference signal recording in section fault time, and rootJudge according to the electromagnetic interference signal getting whether communication failure reason is nature electromagnetic interference.It is introduced, electromagnetic interference signal event when the method occurs communication failure is carried out record, pointAnalyse and diagnose whether the reason that is out of order is nature electromagnetic interference, having optimized base station and mobile terminalBetween the diagnostic process of communication failure, the time of having reduced original flow process of dealing with problems becomes with resourceThis, and can diagnose nature electromagnetic interference, improved fault diagnosis promptness andAccuracy. But the diagnostic result of above-mentioned patent only can provide communication network be whether nature orOther signal source is disturbed and base station system failure and other reasons, fault message is not carried out to deep layerInferior analysis (for example: the electromagnetic interference signal that base station collects does not carry out time-frequency conversion, can notGraphical display noise and signal frequency domain waveform). Secondly, this patent is opened up for communication networkFlutter information and routing iinformation etc. collections, due to each joint lacking whole communication networkProtocol layer message between point gathers and resolves, so protocol interaction that cannot positioning and communicating networkFault, therefore, above-mentioned existing method is also not suitable for the fault based on power line carrier communication networkDiagnosis.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the shortcoming existing for above-mentioned prior art, proposing one canWith quick diagnosis the comprehensive fault message such as faults node locating directly perceived, reason, positionLow-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication network failure diagnostic device and method.
In order to reach above object, low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication network failure of the present inventionDiagnostic device comprises:
Carrier transmitting-receiving circuit---in order to realize microprocessor and electric power by PLC signal coupling circuitBeing of coupled connections of line carrier communication network, and the power amplification of transmitted signal and reception signalFiltering and shaping are amplified;
Described power line carrier communication network is taking low-voltage power line as telecommunication media, by sameBandwidth carrier concentrator, bandwidth carrier collector and electric energy meter on supply transformer power lineComposition, converges in order to realize low-voltage electricity user power information, transmits, mutual network service;
Each collector is respectively as routing node or from node;
Described concentrator is as host node, in order to complete networking control and network maintain management;
Telecommunication circuit---in order to realize communication connection and micro-place of microprocessor and supervisory computerThe communication connection of reason device and bandwidth carrier concentrator, bandwidth carrier collector and electric energy meter;
Memory circuit---in order to realize the node ginseng including the archive information of each node installation positionThe storage of number and microprocessor reception and deal with data;
Man-machine interaction circuit---in order to realize the mutual of operating personnel and microprocessor;
Microprocessor---as core devices, described microprocessor contains
Collecting unit, in order to gather power line noise;
Judging unit, in order to judge whether to extract useful signal, enables Frame list in this wayUnit, as otherwise open again collecting unit;
Data frame unit, in order to press useful signal predetermined format generated data frame decoding generationMessage;
Monitoring means, in order to monitor and to open message;
Resolution unit, in order to according to stipulations (for example according to VLAN label and service unit classType) classification analytic message, and (heartbeat detection, off-line refer to by the message after classification storing and resolvingThe messages such as success rate statistics show, communicate by letter);
Topology unit, in order to find list message, forms corresponding network topology;
Positioning unit, in order to locate malfunctioning node, described positioning unit contains:
Call survey module together, survey each node historical information record temporary in host node in order to call together, obtainStorehouse, historical path;
Detection module, detects the respectively number of times that enlivens from node in order to trigger host node cycle,To the data of communicating by letter success rate with uplink and downlink from nodal information including off-line, and by fromLine determines the path of malfunctioning node from nodal information;
Frequency spectrum module, in order to according to the node installation position archive information of storage, forms each nodePhysical logic annexation, and utilize spectrum analysis to obtain each node signal quality information;
Whether discrimination module, in order to exist noise dry according to result of spectrum analysis failure judgement nodeDisturb and the type of noise, show that malfunctioning node enters the reason of off-line state;
Tentative module, penetrates and copies in order to successively to send electric energy meter by telecommunication circuit to malfunctioning nodeTable and immediate meter reading order, and according to returning to situation judging trouble location;
Output module, in order to by malfunctioning node location and failure cause, location information output display.
The corresponding low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication network failure of the present invention diagnostic method based on:Carrier transmitting-receiving circuit---in order to realize microprocessor and electric power by PLC signal coupling circuitBeing of coupled connections of line carrier communication network, and the power amplification of transmitted signal and reception signalFiltering and shaping are amplified;
Described power line carrier communication network is taking low-voltage power line as telecommunication media, by sameBandwidth carrier concentrator, bandwidth carrier collector and electric energy meter on supply transformer power lineComposition, converges in order to realize low-voltage electricity user power information, transmits, mutual network service;
Each collector is respectively as routing node or from node;
Described concentrator is as host node, in order to complete networking control and network maintain management;
Telecommunication circuit---in order to realize communication connection and micro-place of microprocessor and supervisory computerThe communication connection of reason device and bandwidth carrier concentrator, bandwidth carrier collector and electric energy meter;
Memory circuit---in order to realize the node ginseng including the archive information of each node installation positionThe storage of number and microprocessor reception and deal with data;
Man-machine interaction circuit---in order to realize the mutual of operating personnel and microprocessor;
Microprocessor---as core devices, described microprocessor operating procedure is
Acquisition step, gathers power line noise;
Determining step, judges whether to extract useful signal, enables in this way Frame step,As otherwise return to acquisition step;
Frame step, presses predetermined format generated data frame by useful signal and decoding generates reportLiterary composition;
Monitoring step, monitors and opens message;
Analyzing step, according to stipulations classification analytic message, and by the message after classification storing and resolving;
Topology step, finds list message, forms corresponding network topology;
Positioning step, location malfunctioning node, described positioning step contains:
Call together and survey substep, call together and survey each node historical information record temporary in host node, obtain historyStorehouse, path;
Detect substep, trigger host node cycle and detect the respectively number of times that enlivens from node, wrappedDraw together off-line and communicate by letter success rate with uplink and downlink from nodal information in interior data, and by off-line fromNodal information determines the path of malfunctioning node;
Frequency spectrum substep, according to the node installation position archive information of storage, forms each node physicsLogic connecting relation, and utilize spectrum analysis to obtain each node signal quality information;
Differentiate substep, according to result of spectrum analysis failure judgement node whether exist noise jamming withAnd the type of noise, show that malfunctioning node enters the reason of off-line state;
Test substep, by telecommunication circuit to malfunctioning node successively send electric energy meter penetrate check meter andImmediate meter reading order, and according to returning to situation judging trouble location;
Output substep, by malfunctioning node location and failure cause, location information output display.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by collection and frequency spectrum to noise signal on power lineAnalyze, not only can show intuitively the various noises that affect carrier communication---ambient noise,Periodic noise, sudden noise, and can enter each layer of message of bandwidth carrier communication networkProfessional etiquette is approximately automatically identified and is resolved, by network host node, routing node with between nodeMonitoring messages and record in conjunction with heartbeat message, node signal quality, uplink and downlink communication success rateAnalyze Deng detecting, can quick diagnosis occur the various faults letters of field width band carrier communication networkBreath, and intuitively reflection, to take in time respective handling measure, very applicable based on power lineThe operational management of carrier communication network.
Be summed up, the present invention has following remarkable advantage:
1) integrated level of the present invention is high, volume is small and exquisite, software intelligent analysis, compares traditionalPower wire broadband carrier communication network engineering operation and maintenance tools and method are easier to carry, operate letterSingle, intelligent; Can greatly reduce human cost, improve the power engineering personnel production of workingRate and operating efficiency.
2) by PLC signal coupling circuit by the 100KHz on power line～100MHz frequentlySignal extraction within the scope of rate out, is carried out spectrum analysis, can observe very intuitively shadowThe ambient noise, periodic noise, the sudden noise that ring bandwidth carrier communication, utilize low pressurePower wire broadband carrier communication model carries out fault diagnosis, thereby has effectively improved sceneThe maintainability of power wire broadband carrier communication network.
3) can carry out stipulations to each layer of message of bandwidth carrier communication network and automatically identify reconciliationAnalyse, and form fast and show that bandwidth carrier host node, routing node, carrier wave are from nodeTopological relation figure, traditional power information acquisition system engineering operation and maintenance tools cannot be realized.
4) can grasp in time the operation feelings of on-the-spot low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication networkCondition, rapid analysis Network Abnormal, location malfunctioning node, stop the power supply safety of acquisition systemHidden danger, the O&M service quality of raising electric power enterprise.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is the hardware structure diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that Fig. 1 embodiment is applied to low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication network block diagram.
Fig. 3 is the network topological diagram of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the quick diagnosis operational flow diagram of Fig. 1 embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the data frame structure schematic diagram in Fig. 1 embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the network protocol stack hierarchical structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 embodiment.
Fig. 7 is the physical layer data receipt decoding process schematic diagram of Fig. 1 embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the physical-layer data frame coding process of transmitting schematic diagram of Fig. 1 embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment mono-
The basic structure of low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communication network failure diagnostic device of the present embodimentBecome as shown in Figure 1, microprocessor, as core devices, carries by PLC signal coupling circuitBeing of coupled connections of ripple transmission circuit and power line carrier communication network, PLC signal coupling circuitCarrier transmitting-receiving circuit has the power amplification of transmitted signal and filtering and the shaping of reception signal are putLarge function.
Power line carrier communication network as shown in Figure 2, taking low-voltage power line as telecommunication media, byBandwidth carrier concentrator on same supply transformer power line, bandwidth carrier collector withAnd electric energy meter composition, converge in order to realize low-voltage electricity user power information, transmit, mutualNetwork service. As shown in Figure 3, each collector is respectively as routing node or from node; ConcentrateDevice is as host node, in order to complete networking control and network maintain management.
The communication interface of microprocessor is by containing the logical of RS232, RS485, USB, WIFILetter circuit realize with the communication connection of external management computer and with bandwidth carrier concentrator, wideWith the communication connection of carrier acquisition device and electric energy meter.
The memory interface of microprocessor connects the memory circuit that contains DDR, FLASH, TF card,Can realize node parameter and microprocessor including the archive information of each node installation positionThe storage of reception and deal with data.
The Man Machine Interface of microprocessor is exported with comprising LCD touch-screen, keyboard, audio frequencyConnect in interior man-machine interaction circuit, can realize easily operating personnel and microprocessorAlternately.
Microprocessor running is referring to Fig. 4, and basic step is:
Acquisition step---gather power line noise, be specially and receive PLC signal couplingThe signal of changing in scheduled frequency range, through A/D on the power line of circuit extraction.
Determining step---judge whether to extract useful signal, enable in this way Frame stepSuddenly, as otherwise return to acquisition step.
Frame step---by the useful signal detecting from power line by predetermined shown in Fig. 5Form generated data frame decoding generate message; Be specially the carrier wave analog signal on power lineBe reduced to data, deliver to physical layer and carry out Frame reception & disposal, the signal receiving is generatedThe bandwidth carrier being made up of preamble field, frame control field and load data field is communicated by letter and is scheduled to knotStructure Frame, described preamble field is a periodic sequence, described frame control field is leadingAfter field, be used for transmitting some important control informations, as: load data length, transmission speedThe information such as rate, service, described load data field is the actual load data that will transmit, forMake transfer of data more reliable, the initial data transmission of packing in batches. Frame is decoded referring to Fig. 7,Select best FFT window by clock and frame synchronization, make subcarrier keep orthogonal, at OFDMIn symbol stream, find out the starting position of frame, then after Fourier transformation FFT, to frame controlField is carried out diversity merging, and multiple independently frequency domain of the carrying identical information receiving are carriedRipple, uses in set of signals folding to improve and receives signal, with reduce channel fading impact andChannel deinterleaving. First carry out deinterleaving at receiving terminal, mistake will be broken up continuously, therefore hasBe beneficial to channel decoding module and carry out error correction, improve reliability. Load data field is separated to friendshipKnit and go and disturb, carry out respectively Tubo decoding, the bandwidth carrier that formation is reduced to initial data is logicalCommunication network message, is transported to data link layer (referring to Fig. 6) by physical layer.
Monitoring step---monitor and open message.
Analyzing step---according to stipulations classification analytic message, and by the report after classification storing and resolvingLiterary composition; Be specially data link layer and will be reduced to the bandwidth carrier communication-network-message of initial data.In bandwidth carrier communication network, the node of each networking (comprise host node, routing node,From node) all there is neighbor node, the neighbor node of certain node, is can with this nodeCarry out the node of carrier communication. In networking process, each node can be according to the discovery receivingBeacon, the neighbor node of perception oneself, and record, form one and find list. NetworkingAfter completing, at network, in the process of safeguarding, each node is all by the discovery list report of this nodeLiterary composition is broadcast distribution periodically, finds list message by interception node, just can form broadbandCarrier wave host node, routing node, carrier wave are from the dynamic network topology relation of node. Data linkLayer is divided into network management sublayer and medium access control sublayer, and network management sublayer mainly realizes wideNetworking, network operation, routing management and application layer message with carrier communication network converge andDistribution. In the time receiving message, the message that medium access control sublayer is received, is transmitted to applicationLayer; While sending message, network management sublayer mainly completes the classification of message, and routing policy reallyFixed, then transfer to medium access control sublayer to send. Generally speaking, data link layer isApplication layer provides two services: transfer of data and data management. Wherein data transport service masterCarrier wave host node and the transmission from the application layer data between node are used for, data managementService is mainly used to inquire about or arrange for application layer the data message of host node this locality. Network pipeReason sublayer can, according to the VLAN label of message and service data unit type, be entered messageRow classification, distributes corresponding ID, and the corresponding message term of validity is set.
Topology step---find list message, form corresponding network topology.
Positioning step---location malfunctioning node, positioning step can be subdivided into following substep: call togetherSurvey substep, call together and survey each node historical information record temporary in host node, obtain storehouse, historical path;Detect substep, trigger host node cycle and detect the respectively number of times that enlivens from node, obtain comprising fromLine is communicated by letter success rate in interior data with uplink and downlink from nodal information, and by off-line from nodeInformation determines the path of malfunctioning node; Frequency spectrum substep, according to the node installation position shelves of storageCase information, forms each node physical logic annexation, and utilizes spectrum analysis to obtain each nodeSignal quality information; Differentiate substep, whether exist according to result of spectrum analysis failure judgement nodeThe type of noise jamming and noise, show that malfunctioning node enters the reason of off-line state; TestStep by step, successively sending electric energy meter by telecommunication circuit to malfunctioning node penetrates and checks meter and immediate meter readingOrder, and according to returning to situation judging trouble location; Output substep, by malfunctioning node location andFailure cause, location information output display.
It is the parsing that receives data by power line that the diagnosis of above-mentioned fault is located actual, by dataThe network management sublayer of link layer, according to VLAN label and service data unit type, formsHeartbeat detection message, off-line instruction message, communication success rate report the networks such as message from safeguarding letterBreath, in bandwidth carrier communication network, each node all periodically sends and finds list message,Whether active online for routing node decision node. Routing node is by the discovery row of local maintenanceNode in table enlivens information, by the heartbeat detection message of fixed cycle, sends to host node,Host node gathers the node online information of the whole network. When in bandwidth carrier communication network, certain nodeWhen communication abnormality, the detection that can trigger host node cycle by the application's diagnostic device is from nodeEnliven number of times, if within a complete heart beat cycle time, host node is found should be from jointThe number of times that enlivens of point is 0, can judge that this is from node off-line. If receiving, host node arrivesFrom the message from node that has been judged to be not network, initiatively instruction is somebody's turn to do from node off-line, canCreate off-line instruction message, off-line is filled into message from the information of node, broadcast and send outSend, all websites in informing network should be from node off-line. Each from node can by resolveFrom the discovery list message of node, know the uplink and downlink communication success rate for self, form logicalLetter success rate reports message, in the communication success rate by the application's device unlatching host node, reports achievementCan, and in conjunction with network topological information, can the low associated nodes of Primary Location communication success rate.Reference mode physical logic annexation, specifies routing to communicate by node, avoids abnormal nodes,Can progressively dwindle the range of nodes that affects communication failure, recycling spectrum analysis obtains node letterNumber quality, finally can form diagnostic result.
In the time having Frame to send (referring to Fig. 8), physical layer receives from data linkThe input of the medium access control sublayer of layer, adopts the processed frame control respectively of two links that separateSystem, load data. Frame control field in data and load data field be Turbo convolution respectivelyCoding, channel interleaving, diversity copy and Turbo convolutional encoding, scrambler, interweave after, oneRise enter constellation point mapping to load data field carry out deinterleaving (the present embodiment adopt based onThe OFDM physical-layer techniques of FFT, OFDM modulation technique is by being some by Channel divisionParallel orthogonal sub-channels transmits, and improves anti-fading ability, the raising availability of frequency spectrum of signal,Intersymbol interference can be eliminated in mating protection interval), then be transformed to time-domain signal through IFFT, and addAdd Cyclic Prefix and leading and carry out windowing process. For the band that makes ofdm signal declines outwardSubtract sooner, adopt way to the windowing of single OFDM symbol. Can make letter by window functionNumber amplitude character boundary more level and smooth excessively to 0, generate ofdm signal (OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing OFDM).
Ofdm signal sends on power line by signal coupling circuit AFE(analog front end), concentratorHost node is initiatively checked meter, route is initiatively checked meter, concurrently check meter, the application layer message such as business when schoolAll after being encoded by the 6th step data frame by data link layer, to form ofdm signal to be coupled toOn power line, by sending application layer order, can return code according to collector (from node),Whether normally judge from nodal clock, RS485 port. Application layer message can be wide while transmissionBroadcast address or specify from node address; All receive from node if broadcast address is all, asFruit is to specify from node address, only has identical just the receiving from node in address.
The time domain that the device of the present embodiment can demonstrate power line noise by LCD withFrequency-region signal, by the collection to noise signal on power line and spectrum analysis, can be very directly perceivedGround is seen affects the ambient noise of carrier communication, periodic noise, sudden noise, to amplitudeLarger extraordinary noise, can show with different colours on LCD, handled easily personnel check.In addition, by the present embodiment device internal digital bandpass filter, can extractPower wire broadband carrier signal in 2MHz～12MHz frequency range, can be used for concentrator,The measurement of collector power wire broadband carrier signal transmission power spectrum density.
And the scheme of the present embodiment can be advised each layer of message of bandwidth carrier communication networkApproximately automatically, identification and resolving, to concentrator initiatively check meter, route is initiatively checked meter, concurrently check meter,The application layer messages such as business when school, initiatively registration of collector, reporting events business are on LCDClassification shows. By detailed record and the intelligence of the message interaction process between concentrator and collectorCan analyze, can carry out easily the diagnosis of on-the-spot bandwidth carrier communication network failure. ThisBright method is by adopting advanced high-speed sampling, spectrum analysis, network protocol analysis, man-machineThe technology such as mutual, can the on-the-spot power line channel noise frequency spectrum of rapid analysis, broadband carrier signalFrequency spectrum, bandwidth carrier communication network topology, and can intelligent diagnostics on-the-spot bandwidth carrier nodeFault message.
The diagnostic device of the present embodiment, in the time that engineering site uses, first connects by insulation coupling clipReceive on the power line with concentrator, collector and the same supply transformer of electric energy meter, pass throughPLC signal coupling circuit access power line carrier communication network. In this device, microprocessor is logicalCross the monitoring of unlatching carrier link message, the power line message classification recognizing is resolved to storage, andBy reading current the managed routing node of host node and from nodal information, forming network topologyFigure. Suppose that following 2 faults occur the power wire broadband carrier communication network being made up of Fig. 3:1) node D can not communicate by letter; 2) open circuit of the RS485 order wire between node C and electric energy meter,Utilizing the diagnostic device of the present embodiment to carry out fault location will have following process to complete:
(1) call by the application's diagnostic device the historical information of surveying each node temporary in host node togetherRecord, obtains storehouse, historical path.
(2) the application's diagnostic device triggers the detection of host node cycle from the number of times that enlivens of node,Obtain off-line from nodal information and uplink and downlink communication success rate etc., by off-line from nodal information,Determine node D off-line.
(3), according to storehouse, historical path, know that node D was once the routing node of node F, G.
(4), according to the node installation position archive information of storage in device, in device, form each nodePhysical logic annexation, supposes that the distance between Node B, C and node D exceedes carrier wave pointTo the maximum communication distance of point, and mounting distance between node D, E is nearer, device choosingSelect specified circuit by A-> E-> F-> D and A-> E-> G-> D communicates by letter, and whether surveys abnormal nodes DCan communicate by letter with host node by other path. If according to specified circuit by host node A stillCan not communicate by letter with node D, monitor respectively carrying of host node A and node D, E, F, GRipple signal, utilizes spectrum analysis to obtain node signal quality.
(5) can whether there is noise jamming and noise type by decision node D by spectrum analysis,Final egress D enters the reason of off-line state.
(6) penetrate and copy to node C transmission electric energy meter by the RS232 interface of the application's diagnostic deviceTable order, because of before assumed fault (the RS485 line between node C and electric energy meter is opened a way),So node C can return to penetrate and check meter unsuccessfully; Pass through again RS485 interface directly to electric energy meterThe transmission order of checking meter, if electric energy meter returns to meter reading success, illustrate node C and electric energy meter itBetween RS485 communication line abnormal; Check meter unsuccessfully if electric energy meter returns, electric energy meter is describedThere is fault. Can verify by this step whether the port of collection in worksite and measuring equipment worksNormally.
Above-mentioned (1)～(6) diagnostic procedure is carried out at the inner automatic decision of device, by above-mentioned automaticDiagnostic process, finally locates malfunctioning node, exports failure cause simultaneously on LCD.
Facts have proved, adopt after the present embodiment, by building low-voltage power line bandwidth carrier communicationNetwork model carrys out design error failure diagnostic device, thereby has effectively improved on-the-spot low-voltage power live widthWith the maintainability of carrier communication network, can further ensure pushing away in order of intelligent grid constructionEnter, realize the construction of power consumer power information acquisition system " all standing, full collection, prepayment entirelyTake ".