技术领域technical field
本发明属于油气钻探工程技术领域，具体涉及一种基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling engineering, and in particular relates to a method for designing deflection azimuths of directional wells in fractured formations based on geomechanics.
背景技术Background technique
定向井和水平井是提高裂缝型致密砂岩、碳酸盐岩及页岩储层油气开采效率的有效方式。储层深部复杂、物性特征差、孔隙度低、渗透率低，实践证明水平井技术与分段水力压裂技术相结合是最有效的提高并维持致密砂岩储层单井产量的开发方式；致密砂岩储层中天然裂缝发育是不可避免的地质难题，一方面水力裂缝如何沟通天然裂缝形成裂缝网络是提高油气产量的关键，另一方面钻遇地层裂缝后井壁易发生坍塌、掉块、卡钻等复杂事故，导致钻井周期延长，严重阻碍了油气的勘探开发。因此，需要从所面临的地质问题出发，提出一套具有实施可行性的定向井造斜方位的设计方法，实现在利用天然裂缝获得最大产能的同时确保定向井施工稳定、人员和财产安全的目的。Directional wells and horizontal wells are effective ways to improve the oil and gas recovery efficiency of fractured tight sandstone, carbonate rock and shale reservoirs. The deep part of the reservoir is complex, the physical properties are poor, the porosity is low, and the permeability is low. Practice has proved that the combination of horizontal well technology and staged hydraulic fracturing technology is the most effective development method to improve and maintain single well production in tight sandstone reservoirs; The development of natural fractures in sandstone reservoirs is an inevitable geological problem. On the one hand, how hydraulic fractures communicate with natural fractures to form a fracture network is the key to increasing oil and gas production. Complex accidents such as drilling have prolonged the drilling cycle and seriously hindered the exploration and development of oil and gas. Therefore, starting from the geological problems we are facing, it is necessary to propose a feasible design method for the deflection orientation of directional wells, so as to achieve the purpose of ensuring the stability of directional well construction and the safety of personnel and property while using natural fractures to obtain maximum productivity. .
目前，关于裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法，主要通过地质调研、现场钻井复杂情况调研、失稳井段地层理化性能分析等手段，再根据现场实际经验选择造斜点、造斜率、造斜方位等参数。该设计方法主要从定性评价和现场常用的造斜设备指标方面入手，不涉及井壁稳定力学模型，未考虑最大化利用水力裂缝与天然裂缝沟通形成有利于油气生产的复杂缝网和应力分布的影响，也未建立各向异性储层力学性质与井壁稳定性的内在联系，无法定量反映造斜方位对井壁稳定、压裂改造效果的实际应用效果，因此，急需开发一种基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法，以满足井壁稳定、提高压裂改造效果的要求。At present, the design method of deflection azimuth for directional wells in fractured formations is mainly through geological surveys, investigations of complex drilling conditions on site, and analysis of the physical and chemical properties of strata in unstable well sections, and then select deflection point, deflection rate, Parameters such as tilting azimuth. This design method mainly starts from the qualitative evaluation and the indicators of deflection equipment commonly used in the field. It does not involve the mechanical model of wellbore stability, and does not consider the maximum use of hydraulic fractures to communicate with natural fractures to form a complex fracture network and stress distribution that are beneficial to oil and gas production. However, the internal relationship between anisotropic reservoir mechanical properties and wellbore stability has not been established, and the actual application effect of deflection azimuth on wellbore stability and fracturing effects cannot be reflected quantitatively. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a geomechanics-based The design method of deflection azimuth for directional wells in fractured formations meets the requirements of wellbore stability and improvement of fracturing effects.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法，其目的在于：通过考虑裂缝沟通能力、井筒泄流能力和井壁稳定性三个因素的共同影响，实现满足裂缝型地层定向井或水平井造斜方位的最佳设计。In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for designing deflection azimuths of directional wells in fractured formations based on geomechanics. The joint influence of the three factors realizes the optimal design of deflection azimuth for directional wells or horizontal wells in fractured formations.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法，按照先后顺序包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for designing the deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics, comprising the following steps in sequence:
步骤一：确定定向井实施目的层，通过现场资料和室内实验得到储层天然裂缝产状、渗透率、孔隙度、岩石力学参数和地应力数据；Step 1: Determine the target layer for directional well implementation, and obtain the natural fracture occurrence, permeability, porosity, rock mechanics parameters and in-situ stress data of the reservoir through field data and laboratory experiments;
步骤二：利用井筒方位与水力裂缝、天然裂缝沟通模型，结合所得到的储层数据，绘制水力裂缝与天然裂缝沟通能力图版，确定满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1；Step 2: Using the wellbore azimuth and the communication model of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, combined with the obtained reservoir data, draw a chart of the communication ability of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, and determine the deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well that satisfies the optimal degree of fracture communication;
步骤三：利用蒙特卡洛方法构建离散裂缝随机地质模型，结合所得到的储层数据和有限元数值计算结果，绘制造斜方位与井筒泄流能力关系图版，确定满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2；Step 3: Use the Monte Carlo method to build a random geological model of discrete fractures, combine the obtained reservoir data and finite element numerical calculation results, draw a chart of the relationship between the inclination azimuth and the wellbore drainage capacity, and determine the directional well that meets the maximum drainage capacity Skewing azimuth range Ψ2 ;
步骤四：利用裂缝型地层的井周围岩应力分布模型和弱面破坏模型，结合所得到的储层数据，绘制造斜方位与井筒稳定性关系图版，确定满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3；Step 4: Using the rock stress distribution model around the well and the failure model of the weak plane in the fractured formation, combined with the obtained reservoir data, draw a chart of the relationship between the deflection azimuth and the wellbore stability, and determine the deflection of the directional well that satisfies the stability of the drilling wellbore Azimuth range Ψ3 ;
步骤五：考虑裂缝沟通能力、井筒泄流能力和井壁稳定性三个因素的共同影响，确定最佳的定向井造斜方位范围{Ψ1∩Ψ2∩Ψ3}。Step 5: Considering the joint influence of the three factors of fracture communication ability, wellbore drainage ability and wellbore stability, determine the optimal deflection azimuth range {Ψ1 ∩Ψ2 ∩Ψ3 } for directional wells.
优选的是，所述步骤一中，室内实验包括岩石三轴压缩实验和声发射实验。Preferably, in the first step, the indoor experiments include rock triaxial compression experiments and acoustic emission experiments.
在上述任一方案中优选的是，所述步骤二中，确定满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1的方法，按照先后顺序包括以下步骤：Preferably in any of the above-mentioned schemes, in said step 2, the method for determining the deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well satisfying the optimal fracture communication degree comprises the following steps in sequence:
步骤2.1：根据实测天然裂缝分布图版和实测天然裂缝产状数据，分析裂缝非连续分布特性，将油气储层按照裂缝分布规律划分若干区域；Step 2.1: According to the measured natural fracture distribution chart and the measured natural fracture occurrence data, analyze the discontinuous distribution characteristics of fractures, and divide the oil and gas reservoir into several regions according to the distribution rules of fractures;
步骤2.2：根据所划分区域的裂缝几何特征、产状以及形成区域缝网的复杂程度，建立定向井必要性序列；Step 2.2: According to the geometric characteristics and occurrence of fractures in the divided area and the complexity of the regional fracture network, establish the sequence of directional well necessity;
步骤2.3：在定向井必要性序列内，根据所划分区域的地应力分布、岩石力学参数和储层物性，分析该区域内的人工裂缝扩展规律；Step 2.3: In the directional well necessity sequence, according to the in-situ stress distribution, rock mechanics parameters and reservoir physical properties of the divided area, analyze the artificial fracture propagation law in this area;
步骤2.4：在定向井必要性序列内，根据所划分区域的裂缝产状，结合地应力方位分布特征和水力裂缝扩展规律，计算满足高效压裂与安全钻进的水力裂缝与天然裂缝的沟通逼近角，并分析水力裂缝与人工裂缝的沟通难易程度和所形成缝网的复杂程度；Step 2.4: In the directional well necessity sequence, according to the fracture occurrence in the divided area, combined with the azimuth distribution characteristics of the in-situ stress and the hydraulic fracture propagation law, calculate the communication and approximation of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures that meet the requirements of efficient fracturing and safe drilling angle, and analyze the difficulty of communication between hydraulic fractures and artificial fractures and the complexity of the formed fracture network;
步骤2.5：综合分析结果，利用井筒方位与水力裂缝、天然裂缝沟通模型，结合所得到的储层数据和天然裂缝产状，绘制水力裂缝与天然裂缝沟通能力图版，确定最佳裂缝逼近角，进而确定满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1。Step 2.5: Comprehensively analyze the results, use the wellbore azimuth and the communication model of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, combine the obtained reservoir data and the occurrence of natural fractures, draw the communication ability chart of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, determine the optimal fracture approach angle, and then Determine the deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well that satisfies the optimal degree of fracture communication.
在上述任一方案中优选的是，所述定向井必要性序列为实施所述基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法能够产生良好效果的定向井。In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the necessary sequence of directional wells is a directional well that can produce good results by implementing the design method of deflection azimuth for directional wells in fractured formations based on geomechanics.
在上述任一方案中优选的是，所述步骤三中，确定满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2的方法，按照先后顺序包括以下步骤：Preferably in any of the above-mentioned schemes, in said step 3, the method for determining the deflection azimuth range Ψ2 of the directional well satisfying the maximum discharge capacity comprises the following steps in sequence:
步骤3.1：利用蒙特卡洛方法构建离散裂缝随机地质模型，根据计算量需求对地质模型进行网格划分，为有限元数值计算做准备；Step 3.1: Use the Monte Carlo method to build a random geological model of discrete fractures, and divide the geological model into grids according to the calculation requirements to prepare for the finite element numerical calculation;
步骤3.2：考虑地应力对泄流的影响，根据线弹性多孔介质力学推导的应力敏感模型，构造有限元数值求解方程组，在定向井必要性序列内分别计算不同造斜方位下的泄流能力；Step 3.2: Considering the influence of in-situ stress on the discharge, according to the stress sensitivity model derived from linear elastic porous medium mechanics, construct a finite element numerical solution equation group, and calculate the discharge capacity under different deflection azimuths in the necessary sequence of directional wells ;
步骤3.3：根据计算结果，绘制造斜方位与井筒泄流能力关系图版，确定满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2。Step 3.3: According to the calculation results, draw a diagram of the relationship between the deflection azimuth and the drainage capacity of the wellbore, and determine the deflection azimuth range Ψ2 of the directional well that satisfies the maximum drainage capacity.
在上述任一方案中优选的是，所述地质模型包括天然裂缝、人工裂缝和水平井筒三个组成部分。In any of the above solutions, preferably, the geological model includes three components: natural fractures, artificial fractures and horizontal wellbore.
在上述任一方案中优选的是，所述步骤四中，确定满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3的方法，按照先后顺序包括以下步骤：步骤4.1：利用裂缝型地层的井周围岩应力分布模型和弱面破坏模型，结合地应力、地层强度和天然裂缝产状，在定向井必要性序列内绘制不同区域的坍塌压力图版；In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that in step 4, the method for determining the deflection azimuth range Ψ3 of the directional well that satisfies the stability of the drilling borehole wall includes the following steps in sequence: Step 4.1: Utilize the well of the fractured formation Surrounding rock stress distribution model and weak surface failure model, combined with ground stress, formation strength and natural fracture occurrence, draw collapse pressure charts in different regions within the necessary sequence of directional wells;
步骤4.2：根据坍塌压力图版，确定满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3。Step 4.2: According to the collapse pressure chart, determine the deflection azimuth range Ψ3 of the directional well that satisfies the stability of the drilling wellbore.
在上述任一方案中优选的是，所述步骤五中，综合高效压裂、井筒泄流能力和钻井井筒安全计算结果，在定向井必要性序列内绘制不同区域的包含各因素影响的最佳定向井造斜方位总表。In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that in the fifth step, the calculation results of high-efficiency fracturing, wellbore drainage capacity and drilling wellbore safety are integrated, and the best results including the influence of various factors in different regions are drawn in the directional well necessity sequence. Summary list of deflection azimuths for directional wells.
在上述任一方案中优选的是，在Ψ1、Ψ2、Ψ3三者没有交集时，考虑井筒泄流能力和井壁稳定性两个因素的共同影响，确定最佳的定向井造斜方位范围{Ψ2∩Ψ3}。In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that when Ψ1 , Ψ2 , and Ψ3 do not intersect, the optimal directional well deflection is determined by considering the joint influence of the two factors of wellbore drainage capacity and wellbore stability Azimuth range {Ψ2 ∩Ψ3 }.
在上述任一方案中优选的是，所述定向井包括水平井。In any of the above schemes, preferably, the directional well includes a horizontal well.
本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法，操作简单、易于推广，通过建立适合于裂缝型地层的定向井造斜方位优选模型，结合水力压裂储层的改造效果、压裂形成的复杂缝网产能以及井壁稳定性，综合计算得出实现现场井壁稳定和最大化产能要求所需要的定向井造斜关键参数。根据对裂缝型地层岩体渗流机理的研究发现，提高低孔渗裂缝型储层产能的关键在于：通过实施水力压裂改造，利用人工裂缝沟通天然裂缝，形成高效的油气运移复杂裂缝网络。因此，本发明的设计方法以优化定向井造斜方位为目标，综合考虑了水力裂缝与天然裂缝的沟通情况、压裂后的井筒泄流能力和井壁稳定性三个因素的共同影响，为优化定向井或水平井的井眼轨迹提供指导依据，在确保造斜施工安全顺利的基础上，实现了优化压裂改造效果和产能最大化的目的。本发明的设计方法克服了传统井眼轨迹中造斜方位设计精度不高的缺点，避免了仅考虑地质靶点实现和工具造斜能力的设计不足，能够保障钻井井筒安全、改造程度高、开采产量好的综合效益。The method for designing the deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics of the present invention is simple to operate and easy to popularize. By establishing an optimal model for the deflection azimuth of a directional well suitable for a fractured formation, combined with the transformation effect of hydraulic fracturing reservoirs , complex fracture network productivity and wellbore stability formed by fracturing, and comprehensively calculate the key parameters for directional well deflection required to achieve on-site wellbore stability and maximize productivity requirements. According to the research on the seepage mechanism of fractured formation rock mass, the key to improving the productivity of fractured reservoirs with low porosity and permeability is to implement hydraulic fracturing and use artificial fractures to communicate with natural fractures to form a complex fracture network for efficient oil and gas migration. Therefore, the design method of the present invention aims at optimizing the deflection position of the directional well, and comprehensively considers the communication between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, the wellbore discharge capacity after fracturing, and the stability of the wellbore wall. Optimizing the wellbore trajectory of directional wells or horizontal wells provides a guiding basis, and on the basis of ensuring the safety and smoothness of deflection construction, the purpose of optimizing the effect of fracturing and maximizing production capacity is realized. The design method of the present invention overcomes the disadvantage of low design accuracy of deflection azimuth in the traditional wellbore trajectory, avoids the lack of design that only considers the realization of geological targets and the deflection capability of tools, and can ensure the safety of drilling wellbore, high degree of reconstruction, and high production efficiency. The overall benefit of good yield.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的一优选实施例工艺流程图；Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a preferred embodiment according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics according to the present invention;
图2为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中天然裂缝非连续分布图版，其中：(a)为整体天然裂缝分布，(b)为东西向天然裂缝分布，(c)为南北向天然裂缝分布；Fig. 2 is the discontinuous distribution chart of natural fractures in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of the directional well in fractured formation based on geomechanics of the present invention, wherein: (a) is the distribution of natural fractures as a whole, (b) ) is the distribution of natural fractures in east-west direction, (c) is the distribution of natural fractures in north-south direction;
图3为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中裂缝型致密砂岩基岩系统与随机离散裂缝系统耦合介质模型；Fig. 3 is the coupling medium model of the fractured tight sandstone bedrock system and the random discrete fracture system in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of the directional well in the fractured formation based on geomechanics of the present invention;
图4为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中交叉裂缝质量守恒方程节点参数示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of node parameters of cross-fracture mass conservation equations in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the method for designing deflection azimuths of directional wells in fractured formations based on geomechanics of the present invention;
图5为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中地质模型示意图，其中包括天然裂缝、人工裂缝和水平井筒三个组成部分；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the geological model in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of the directional well in the fractured formation based on geomechanics of the present invention, which includes three components of natural fractures, artificial fractures and horizontal wellbore;
图6为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中地质模型网格划分示意图，其中包括天然裂缝、人工裂缝和水平井筒三个组成部分；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of grid division of the geological model in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the method for designing the deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics according to the present invention, which includes three components of natural fractures, artificial fractures and horizontal wellbores part;
图7为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中裂缝型致密砂岩岩体强度受弱面作用影响的示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing that the strength of the fractured tight sandstone rock mass is affected by the weak plane in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of the directional well in the fractured formation based on geomechanics of the present invention;
图8为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中井周围岩的应力分布转换至弱面坐标系的示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing that the stress distribution of the rock around the well is converted to the weak surface coordinate system in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of the directional well in the fractured formation based on geomechanics of the present invention;
图9为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中裂缝型砂岩储层井壁失稳的示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of wellbore instability in a fractured sandstone reservoir in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics according to the present invention;
图10为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中裂缝型砂岩储层坍塌压力预测的示意图；Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the prediction of fractured sandstone reservoir collapse pressure in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of the fractured formation directional well based on geomechanics of the present invention;
图11为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中确定最佳定向井造斜方位范围的示意图，其中：A为满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1，B为满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2，C为满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3，D为最佳定向井造斜方位范围{Ψ1∩Ψ2∩Ψ3}。Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of determining the optimal deflection azimuth range of a directional well in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 according to the design method of the deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics according to the present invention, wherein: A is to satisfy the optimal fracture The deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well at the level of communication, B is the deflection azimuth range Ψ2 of the directional well that satisfies the maximum drainage capacity, C is the deflection azimuth range Ψ3 of the directional well that satisfies the stability of the drilling wellbore, and D is the best The deflection azimuth range of directional well is {Ψ1 ∩Ψ2 ∩Ψ3 }.
图12为按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的图1所示实施例中确定最佳定向井造斜方位范围的示意图，其中：A为满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1，B为满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2，C为满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3，D为最佳定向井造斜方位范围{Ψ2∩Ψ3}。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of determining the optimal deflection azimuth range of a directional well in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of the method for designing deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics according to the present invention, wherein: A is to satisfy the optimal fracture The deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well at the level of communication, B is the deflection azimuth range Ψ2 of the directional well that satisfies the maximum drainage capacity, C is the deflection azimuth range Ψ3 of the directional well that satisfies the stability of the drilling wellbore, and D is the best The deflection azimuth range of directional well is {Ψ2 ∩Ψ3 }.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更进一步了解本发明的发明内容，下面将结合具体实施例详细阐述本发明。In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.
如图1所示，按照本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法的一实施例，其按照先后顺序包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, according to an embodiment of the design method of the deflection azimuth of the fractured formation directional well based on geomechanics of the present invention, it comprises the following steps in order:
步骤一：确定定向井实施目的层，通过现场资料和室内实验得到储层天然裂缝产状、渗透率、孔隙度、岩石力学参数和地应力数据；Step 1: Determine the target layer for directional well implementation, and obtain the natural fracture occurrence, permeability, porosity, rock mechanics parameters and in-situ stress data of the reservoir through field data and laboratory experiments;
步骤二：利用井筒方位与水力裂缝、天然裂缝沟通模型，结合所得到的储层数据，绘制水力裂缝与天然裂缝沟通能力图版，确定满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1；Step 2: Using the wellbore azimuth and the communication model of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, combined with the obtained reservoir data, draw a chart of the communication ability of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, and determine the deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well that satisfies the optimal degree of fracture communication;
步骤三：利用蒙特卡洛方法构建离散裂缝随机地质模型，结合所得到的储层数据和有限元数值计算结果，绘制造斜方位与井筒泄流能力关系图版，确定满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2；Step 3: Use the Monte Carlo method to build a random geological model of discrete fractures, combine the obtained reservoir data and finite element numerical calculation results, draw a chart of the relationship between the inclination azimuth and the wellbore drainage capacity, and determine the directional well that meets the maximum drainage capacity Skewing azimuth range Ψ2 ;
步骤四：利用裂缝型地层的井周围岩应力分布模型和弱面破坏模型，结合所得到的储层数据，绘制造斜方位与井筒稳定性关系图版，确定满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3；Step 4: Using the rock stress distribution model around the well and the failure model of the weak plane in the fractured formation, combined with the obtained reservoir data, draw a chart of the relationship between the deflection azimuth and the wellbore stability, and determine the deflection of the directional well that satisfies the stability of the drilling wellbore Azimuth range Ψ3 ;
步骤五：考虑裂缝沟通能力、井筒泄流能力和井壁稳定性三个因素的共同影响，确定最佳的定向井造斜方位范围{Ψ1∩Ψ2∩Ψ3}。Step 5: Considering the joint influence of the three factors of fracture communication ability, wellbore drainage ability and wellbore stability, determine the optimal deflection azimuth range {Ψ1 ∩Ψ2 ∩Ψ3 } for directional wells.
所述步骤一中，根据已钻井历史测井、录井资料，将案例区块分为6个独立区域，再根据其裂缝非连续性分布规律，统计分析其区域内天然裂缝的优势走向。室内实验包括岩石三轴压缩实验和声发射实验。In the first step, the case block is divided into 6 independent regions according to the historical logging and logging data of the wells that have been drilled, and then according to the fracture discontinuity distribution law, the dominant direction of the natural fractures in the region is statistically analyzed. Indoor experiments include rock triaxial compression experiments and acoustic emission experiments.
所述步骤二中，确定满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1的方法，按照先后顺序包括以下步骤：In said step 2, the method for determining the deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well satisfying the optimum degree of fracture communication comprises the following steps in sequence:
步骤2.1：根据实测天然裂缝分布图版和实测天然裂缝产状数据，分析裂缝非连续分布特性，将油气储层按照裂缝分布规律划分若干区域；Step 2.1: According to the measured natural fracture distribution chart and the measured natural fracture occurrence data, analyze the discontinuous distribution characteristics of fractures, and divide the oil and gas reservoir into several regions according to the distribution rules of fractures;
步骤2.2：根据所划分区域的裂缝几何特征、产状以及形成区域缝网的复杂程度，建立定向井必要性序列；Step 2.2: According to the geometric characteristics and occurrence of fractures in the divided area and the complexity of the regional fracture network, establish the sequence of directional well necessity;
步骤2.3：在定向井必要性序列内，根据所划分区域的地应力分布、岩石力学参数和储层物性，分析该区域内的人工裂缝扩展规律；Step 2.3: In the directional well necessity sequence, according to the in-situ stress distribution, rock mechanics parameters and reservoir physical properties of the divided area, analyze the artificial fracture propagation law in this area;
步骤2.4：在定向井必要性序列内，根据所划分区域的裂缝产状，结合地应力方位分布特征和水力裂缝扩展规律，计算满足高效压裂与安全钻进的水力裂缝与天然裂缝的沟通逼近角，并分析水力裂缝与人工裂缝的沟通难易程度和所形成缝网的复杂程度；Step 2.4: In the directional well necessity sequence, according to the fracture occurrence in the divided area, combined with the azimuth distribution characteristics of the in-situ stress and the hydraulic fracture propagation law, calculate the communication and approximation of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures that meet the requirements of efficient fracturing and safe drilling angle, and analyze the difficulty of communication between hydraulic fractures and artificial fractures and the complexity of the formed fracture network;
步骤2.5：综合分析结果，利用井筒方位与水力裂缝、天然裂缝沟通模型，结合所得到的储层数据和天然裂缝产状，绘制水力裂缝与天然裂缝沟通能力图版，确定最佳裂缝逼近角，进而确定满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1。Step 2.5: Comprehensively analyze the results, use the wellbore azimuth and the communication model of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, combine the obtained reservoir data and the occurrence of natural fractures, draw the communication ability chart of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, determine the optimal fracture approach angle, and then Determine the deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well that satisfies the optimal degree of fracture communication.
所述定向井必要性序列为实施所述基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法能够产生良好效果的定向井。The directional well necessity sequence is a directional well that can produce good results by implementing the design method of deflection azimuth for directional wells in fractured formations based on geomechanics.
实测天然裂缝分布图版和实测天然裂缝分布信息表分别如图2和表1所示。The measured natural fracture distribution chart and the measured natural fracture distribution information table are shown in Fig. 2 and Table 1, respectively.
表1第四区域的实测天然裂缝分布信息表Table 1. Measured distribution information of natural fractures in the fourth area
分析所划分区域内的裂缝产状及地应力分布信息，长裂缝发育的区域内，天然裂缝直接沟通，对产量贡献大，对定向井井眼沟通天然裂缝的需求量不高；裂缝密度低，统计缝长数据不高的区域，其天然裂缝连通性差，直井产量低，对定向井井眼沟通天然裂缝需求高。依据此原则将6个区域逐个分析后，建立定向井必要性序列。Analyze the fracture occurrence and in-situ stress distribution information in the divided area. In the area where long fractures are developed, natural fractures are directly connected, which contributes a lot to production, and the demand for directional wellbore to communicate with natural fractures is not high; In areas with low statistical fracture length data, the connectivity of natural fractures is poor, the production of vertical wells is low, and there is a high demand for directional wells to communicate with natural fractures. According to this principle, after analyzing the six regions one by one, the necessity sequence of directional wells is established.
本实施例中，以3个主应力(σ1＞σ2＞σ3，其中：σv＝σ1，σH＝σ2，σh＝σ3)方向为坐标轴建立空间坐标系(1，2，3)。天然裂缝面NF法向矢量为在高应力差下，人工裂缝面HF垂直于最小主应力方向，其法相矢量为天然裂缝与人工裂缝的逼进角为：In this embodiment, the three principal stresses (σ1 >σ2 >σ3 , where: σv =σ1 , σH =σ2 , σh =σ3 ) are used as coordinate axes to establish a spatial coordinate system (1 , 2, 3). The NF normal vector of the natural fracture surface is Under high stress difference, the artificial fracture surface HF is perpendicular to the minimum principal stress direction, and its normal phase vector is The approach angles of natural fractures and artificial fractures are:
θ角度大，人工裂缝沿天然裂缝两端发生转向；θ角度小，天然裂缝一端扩展与之前水力裂缝连通，另一端转向且与最优水力裂缝方向接近。When the θ angle is large, the artificial fracture turns along the two ends of the natural fracture; when the θ angle is small, one end of the natural fracture expands and connects with the previous hydraulic fracture, and the other end turns and approaches the optimal hydraulic fracture direction.
根据上述所得数据，计算区域内逼进角在70～80°范围内，这一逼近角范围较大，在一定裂缝内净压力条件下容易在水力裂缝两端发生扩展。综合上述分析结果，绘制水力裂缝与天然裂缝沟通能力图版，最终得到满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ1，如表2所示。According to the data obtained above, the approach angle in the calculation area is in the range of 70° to 80°, which is a relatively large range of approach angle, and it is easy to expand at both ends of the hydraulic fracture under a certain net pressure in the fracture. Based on the above analysis results, the communication ability chart of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures was drawn, and finally the deflection azimuth range Ψ1 of the directional well satisfying the optimal degree of fracture communication was obtained, as shown in Table 2.
表2满足最优裂缝沟通程度的定向井造斜方位范围表Table 2. Range of deflection azimuths for directional wells satisfying the optimal degree of fracture communication
所述步骤三中，确定满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2的方法，按照先后顺序包括以下步骤，其中所利用的模型如图3-6所示：In the third step, the method for determining the deflection azimuth range Ψ2 of the directional well that satisfies the maximum drainage capacity includes the following steps in sequence, and the model used is shown in Figure 3-6:
步骤3.1：利用蒙特卡洛方法构建离散裂缝随机地质模型，根据计算量需求对地质模型进行网格划分，为有限元数值计算做准备；Step 3.1: Use the Monte Carlo method to build a random geological model of discrete fractures, and divide the geological model into grids according to the calculation requirements to prepare for the finite element numerical calculation;
步骤3.2：考虑地应力对泄流的影响，根据线弹性多孔介质力学推导的应力敏感模型，构造有限元数值求解方程组，在定向井必要性序列内分别计算不同造斜方位下的泄流能力；Step 3.2: Considering the influence of in-situ stress on the discharge, according to the stress sensitivity model derived from linear elastic porous medium mechanics, construct a finite element numerical solution equation group, and calculate the discharge capacity under different deflection azimuths in the necessary sequence of directional wells ;
步骤3.3：根据计算结果，绘制造斜方位与井筒泄流能力关系图版，确定满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2。Step 3.3: According to the calculation results, draw a diagram of the relationship between the deflection azimuth and the drainage capacity of the wellbore, and determine the deflection azimuth range Ψ2 of the directional well that satisfies the maximum drainage capacity.
所述地质模型包括天然裂缝、人工裂缝和水平井筒三个组成部分。The geological model includes three components: natural fracture, artificial fracture and horizontal wellbore.
本实施例中，低孔渗致密砂岩岩体渗流模型基岩部分的主要方程如下：In this embodiment, the main equation of the bedrock part of the low porosity and permeability tight sandstone seepage model is as follows:
质量守恒方程：Mass Conservation Equation:
运动方程：Motion equation:
流体状态方程：Fluid state equation:
ρ＝ρa[1+CL(p-pa)]ρ=ρa [1+CL (ppa )]
岩石状态方程：Rock state equation:
连续性方程：Continuity equation:
控制方程：Governing equation:
本实施例中，低孔渗致密砂岩岩体渗流模型裂缝部分的主要方程如下：In this embodiment, the main equation of the fracture part of the low porosity and permeability tight sandstone rock mass seepage model is as follows:
连续性方程：Continuity equation:
笛卡尔坐标系下流体柯西运动方程：Cauchy equation of motion of fluid in Cartesian coordinate system:
当裂缝中的流动简化为平板间的一维流动时，运动方程可以简化为：When the flow in the fracture is simplified to one-dimensional flow between plates, the equation of motion can be simplified as:
流体流变模型为赫巴模式：The fluid rheological model is the Heba model:
裂缝形变方程：Fracture deformation equation:
流体状态方程：Fluid state equation:
ρ＝ρa[1+CL(p-pa)]ρ=ρa [1+CL (ppa )]
包含运动方程、变形方程和状态方程的连续性方程：Continuity equations containing equations of motion, deformation, and state:
离散裂缝与基岩的耦合方法如下：The coupling method of discrete fractures and bedrock is as follows:
对于交叉裂缝，节点处的质量守恒方程为：For intersecting fractures, the mass conservation equation at the nodes is:
ΣQfi＝Qi+1→i+Qi+2→i+Qi+3→i+Qi+4→i＝0ΣQfi ＝Qi+1→i +Qi+2→i +Qi+3→i +Qi+4→i ＝0
其中：in:
基岩控制方程通过Galerkin变分原理推导有限元方程：The bedrock governing equations are derived from the Galerkin variational principle to the finite element equations:
裂缝控制方程以不等距有限差分方法推导差分方程：The differential equations of the fracture governing equations are deduced by the unequal distance finite difference method:
采用Galerkin变分原理建立渗流偏微分方程“弱形式”，考虑基质和裂缝的双渗流方程，加入应力对泄流影响项，构造有限元数值求解方程组，将平面上二维天然裂缝和人工裂缝降维处理，通过改变定向井造斜方位，得到不同井眼方位对应的泄流面积和泄流情况。最终得到满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ2，如表3所示。The “weak form” of the seepage partial differential equation was established by using the Galerkin variational principle, considering the double seepage equation of the matrix and fractures, adding the term of the influence of stress on the discharge, constructing a finite element numerical solution equation group, and combining two-dimensional natural fractures and artificial fractures on the plane Dimension reduction processing, by changing the deflection orientation of the directional well, the discharge area and discharge situation corresponding to different borehole orientations are obtained. Finally, the deflection azimuth range Ψ2 of the directional well that satisfies the maximum drainage capacity is obtained, as shown in Table 3.
表3满足最大泄流能力的定向井造斜方位范围表Table 3. The deflection azimuth range of directional wells satisfying the maximum drainage capacity
所述步骤四中，确定满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3的方法，按照先后顺序包括以下步骤：In said step 4, the method for determining the deflection azimuth range Ψ3 of the directional well satisfying the stability of the drilling borehole wall comprises the following steps in sequence:
步骤4.1：利用裂缝型地层的井周围岩应力分布模型和弱面破坏模型，结合地应力、地层强度和天然裂缝产状，在定向井必要性序列内绘制不同区域的坍塌压力图版；Step 4.1: Using the rock stress distribution model around the well and the failure model of the weak plane in the fractured formation, combined with the ground stress, formation strength and natural fracture occurrence, draw the collapse pressure charts in different regions within the necessary sequence of directional wells;
步骤4.2：根据坍塌压力图版，确定满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3。Step 4.2: According to the collapse pressure chart, determine the deflection azimuth range Ψ3 of the directional well that satisfies the stability of the drilling wellbore.
如图7所示，裂隙岩体中的天然裂缝本身就是弱面，弱面的存在使得岩体在某一方向上的破坏强度低于其他方向，在定向井造斜方位优化设计时要充分考虑岩体弱面造成的某一方向范围内稳定性下降的问题，准确预测各个方位造斜施工时需保证的井内液柱压力，为定向井造斜方位一体化设计提供井壁稳定相关设计参数。As shown in Fig. 7, the natural fractures in the fractured rock mass are themselves weak planes. The existence of weak planes makes the failure strength of the rock mass in one direction lower than that in other directions. The rock mass should be fully considered when optimizing the deflection orientation design of directional wells. The problem of stability decline in a certain direction caused by the weak surface can accurately predict the fluid column pressure in the well that needs to be guaranteed during deflection construction in various directions, and provide relevant design parameters for wellbore stability for the integrated design of deflection and azimuth in directional wells.
本实施例中，流固耦合力学理论的本构方程为：In this embodiment, the constitutive equation of fluid-solid coupling mechanics theory is:
其中，p——井周围岩孔隙压力，MPa；Among them, p——rock pore pressure around the well, MPa;
Mij——刚度矩阵系数；Mij ——stiffness matrix coefficient;
σ——井周围岩应力，MPa；σ—rock stress around the well, MPa;
ε——井周围岩应变；ε - rock strain around the well;
α——平行于层里面的毕奥特系数；α——Biott coefficient parallel to the inside of the layer;
α′——垂直于层里面的毕奥特系数。α'—Biott coefficient perpendicular to the inside of the layer.
其中，E——平行于层里面的弹性模量，GPa；Among them, E——parallel to the elastic modulus inside the layer, GPa;
E′——垂直于层里面的弹性模量，GPa；E'——Elastic modulus perpendicular to the inside of the layer, GPa;
v——平行于层里面的泊松比；v - Poisson's ratio parallel to the inside of the layer;
v'——垂直于层里面的泊松比；v'——Poisson's ratio perpendicular to the inside of the layer;
Ks——岩石基质体积模量，GPa。Ks — bulk modulus of rock matrix, GPa.
井周围岩孔隙压力的本构方程为：The constitutive equation of rock pore pressure around the well is:
p＝M[ζ-α(εxx+εyy)-α'εzz]p=M[ζ-α(εxx +εyy )-α'εzz ]
其中，M——毕奥模量，GPa；Among them, M——Biot modulus, GPa;
ζ——流体体积变化。ζ—fluid volume change.
裂缝型地层井周围岩应力分布的计算公式为：The calculation formula for rock stress distribution around wells in fractured formations is:
其中，Kn(x)——第n类修正贝塞尔函数，n为阶数；Among them, Kn (x) - the nth type of modified Bessel function, n is the order;
s——拉普拉斯域下的时间因子；s——time factor in Laplace domain;
ζ——流体体积变化；ζ—fluid volume change;
θ——井周角，°；θ——well circumference angle, °;
rw——井眼半径，cm；rw —borehole radius, cm;
r——井眼中心至地层内部某一点的距离，cm；r—the distance from the borehole center to a certain point inside the formation, cm;
cf——流体扩散系数，m2/s；cf —fluid diffusion coefficient, m2 /s;
α——平行于层里面的毕奥特系数；α——Biott coefficient parallel to the inside of the layer;
α′——垂直于层里面的毕奥特系数；α'—Biott coefficient perpendicular to the inside of the layer;
v——平行于层里面的泊松比；v - Poisson's ratio parallel to the inside of the layer;
v'——垂直于层里面的泊松比；v'——Poisson's ratio perpendicular to the inside of the layer;
G——平行于层里面的剪切模量，GPa；G——shear modulus parallel to the inside of the layer, GPa;
G′——垂直于层里面的剪切模量，GPa；G'——shear modulus perpendicular to the inside of the layer, GPa;
κ——地层渗透率，Darcy(达西)；κ——formation permeability, Darcy (Darcy);
pw——钻井液液柱压力，MPa；pw — drilling fluid column pressure, MPa;
Sv——上覆地层地应力，MPa；Sv ——ground stress of overlying formation, MPa;
SH——地层最大水平主应力，MPa；SH —Maximum horizontal principal stress of formation, MPa;
Sh——地层最小水平主应力，MPa。Sh —minimum horizontal principal stress of formation, MPa.
在裂缝型地层井周围岩应力分布的计算公式中，In the calculation formula of rock stress distribution around fractured formation wells,
P0＝(Sh+SH)/2P0 =(Sh +SH )/2
A1＝αM/(M11+α2M)A1 =αM/(M11 +α2 M)
A2＝M11+M12+2α2M/(M11+α2M)A2 =M11 +M12 +2α2 M/(M11 +α2 M)
B1＝(M11/2Gα)K2(ξ1rw)B1 =(M11 /2Gα)K2 (ξ1 rw )
B2＝[1/ξ1rw]K1(ξ1rw)+[6/(ξ1rw)2]K2(ξ1rw)B2 ＝[1/ξ1 rw ]K1 (ξ1 rw )+[6/(ξ1 rw )2 ]K2 (ξ1 rw )
B2＝2{[1/ξ1rw]K1(ξ1rw)+[3/(ξ1rw)2]K2(ξ1rw)}B2 ＝2{[1/ξ1 rw ]K1 (ξ1 rw )+[3/(ξ1 rw )2 ]K2 (ξ1 rw )}
C1＝4/[2A1(B3-B2)-A2B1]C1 =4/[2A1 (B3 -B2 )-A2 B1 ]
C2＝-4B1/[2A1(B3-B2)-A2B1]C2 ＝-4B1 /[2A1 (B3 -B2 )-A2 B1 ]
C3＝[2A1(B2+B3)+3A2B1]/{3[2A1(B3-B2)-A2B1]}C3 ＝[2A1 (B2 +B3 )+3A2 B1 ]/{3[2A1 (B3 -B2 )-A2 B1 ]}
其中，M——毕奥模量，GPa；Among them, M——Biot modulus, GPa;
Mij——刚度矩阵系数。Mij ——stiffness matrix coefficient.
基于多孔介质流固耦合力学理论，结合多孔介质弹性本构方程、流体运动方程、平衡方程、几何方程、质量守恒方程、协调方程和拉普拉斯变换原理得到非均匀地应力场下井周围岩的孔隙压力分布和应力分布。Based on the theory of fluid-solid coupling mechanics of porous media, combined with elastic constitutive equations of porous media, fluid motion equations, equilibrium equations, geometric equations, mass conservation equations, coordination equations and Laplace transform principles, the rock around the well under the inhomogeneous stress field is obtained. Pore pressure distribution and stress distribution.
裂缝型地层弱面破坏模型的建立，按照先后顺序包括以下步骤：(1)将井周围岩应力分布从极坐标系下变换至井筒直角坐标系下。The establishment of the failure model of the weak plane of the fractured formation includes the following steps in sequence: (1) Transform the rock stress distribution around the well from the polar coordinate system to the wellbore Cartesian coordinate system.
在井筒直角坐标系下，井周围岩应力分布为：Under the wellbore Cartesian coordinate system, the rock stress distribution around the well is:
(2)将井周围岩应力分布从井筒直角坐标系下变换至大地坐标系下。(2) Transform the rock stress distribution around the wellbore from the Cartesian coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system.
在大地坐标系下，井周围岩应力分布为：Under the geodetic coordinate system, the rock stress distribution around the well is:
σGCS＝ET×σCCS×EσGCS ＝ET ×σCCS ×E
(3)将井周围岩应力分布从大地坐标系下变换至弱面坐标系下。(3) Transform the rock stress distribution around the well from the geodetic coordinate system to the weak surface coordinate system.
在弱面坐标系下，井周围岩应力分布为：Under the weak surface coordinate system, the rock stress distribution around the well is:
(4)基于岩石弱面破坏准则，建立井壁稳定力学模型N≥0，其中，N——裂缝型地层坍塌压力指数，MPa。N<0，代表弱面地层发生剪切滑移破坏。(4) Based on the failure criterion of the rock weak plane, establish a wellbore stability mechanical model N≥0, where N——the collapse pressure index of the fractured formation, MPa. N<0, it means that the formation with weak plane is damaged by shear slip.
裂缝型地层坍塌压力指数为：The collapse pressure index of fractured formation is:
其中，Uw——岩石弱面内摩擦角，°；Among them, Uw — internal friction angle of rock weak surface, °;
Sw——岩石弱面粘聚力，MPa；Sw —cohesion force of weak surface of rock, MPa;
pw——钻井液液柱压力，MPa；pw — drilling fluid column pressure, MPa;
θ——井周角，°；θ——well circumference angle, °;
αb——井筒方位角，°；αb ——wellbore azimuth, °;
βb——井筒斜角，°；βb ——wellbore inclination angle, °;
——岩石弱面倾向，°； ——Inclination of weak rock face, °;
βw——岩石弱面倾角，°。βw — dip angle of weak face of rock, °.
基于弹性力学坐标变换技术，将井周围岩的应力分布转换至弱面坐标系下，如图8所示。通过判断弱面剪切力与正应力引起的摩擦力之间的大小关系，判断某一弱面地层是否发生剪切破坏而导致井壁失稳。Based on the elastic mechanics coordinate transformation technology, the stress distribution of the rock around the well is transformed into the weak surface coordinate system, as shown in Fig. 8. By judging the magnitude relationship between the shear force of the weak plane and the friction force caused by the normal stress, it can be judged whether shear failure occurs in a formation of a weak plane, which leads to the instability of the borehole wall.
有效应力定律：Effective Stress Law:
其中：in:
如图9和图10所示，在定向井中，孔隙压力对坍塌压力的影响比直井更复杂，井周孔隙压力已不等于原始地层压力，特别是在裂缝发育的储层，孔隙压力可由前面的渗流模型求出。计算结果表明：随着孔隙压力的升高，坍塌压力并不会整体升高，却呈现出“高者越高低者越低”的现象，即安全的地方越安全，危险的地方越危险。所以，在异常高压储层或天然裂缝性储层，优选钻井轨迹是安全高效钻进的关键。最终得到满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围Ψ3，如表4所示。As shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, in directional wells, the influence of pore pressure on collapse pressure is more complicated than in vertical wells, and the pore pressure around the well is no longer equal to the original formation pressure, especially in reservoirs with well-developed fractures, the pore pressure can be determined by the previous The seepage model is obtained. The calculation results show that with the increase of pore pressure, the collapse pressure will not increase as a whole, but it shows the phenomenon of "the higher the higher, the lower the lower", that is, the safe place is safer, and the dangerous place is more dangerous. Therefore, in abnormally high pressure reservoirs or naturally fractured reservoirs, optimal drilling trajectory is the key to safe and efficient drilling. Finally, the deflection azimuth range Ψ3 of the directional well that satisfies the stability of the drilling wellbore wall is obtained, as shown in Table 4.
表4满足钻井井壁稳定的定向井造斜方位范围表Table 4. Range of deflection azimuths for directional wells satisfying drilling borehole stability
所述步骤五中，综合高效压裂、井筒泄流能力和钻井井筒安全计算结果，在定向井必要性序列内绘制不同区域的包含各因素影响的最佳定向井造斜方位总表，如表5所示。在Ψ1、Ψ2、Ψ3三者没有交集时，优先考虑井筒泄流能力和井壁稳定性两个因素的共同影响，确定最佳的定向井造斜方位范围{Ψ2∩Ψ3}，如图11和图12所示。In said step 5, the calculation results of high-efficiency fracturing, wellbore drainage capacity and drilling wellbore safety are integrated, and a general table of the best directional well deflection orientation including the influence of various factors in different regions is drawn in the directional well necessity sequence, as shown in the table 5. When Ψ1 , Ψ2 , and Ψ3 do not intersect, the joint influence of wellbore drainage capacity and wellbore stability shall be given priority to determine the optimal deflection azimuth range {Ψ2 ∩Ψ3 } , as shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12.
表5综合各因素影响的最佳定向井造斜方位总表Table 5 Summary table of the best deflection azimuths for directional wells affected by various factors
本实施例的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法，操作简单、易于推广，通过建立适合于裂缝型地层的定向井造斜方位优选模型，结合水力压裂储层的改造效果、压裂形成的复杂缝网产能以及井壁稳定性，综合计算得出实现现场井壁稳定和最大化产能要求所需要的定向井造斜关键参数。该设计方法以优化定向井造斜方位为目标，综合考虑了水力裂缝与天然裂缝的沟通情况、压裂后的井筒泄流能力和井壁稳定性三个因素的共同影响，为优化定向井或水平井的井眼轨迹提供指导依据，在确保造斜施工安全顺利的基础上，实现了优化压裂改造效果和产能最大化的目的。The method for designing the deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics in this embodiment is simple to operate and easy to popularize. By establishing an optimal model for the deflection azimuth of a directional well suitable for a fractured formation, combined with the transformation of hydraulic fracturing reservoirs The key parameters for directional well deflection required to achieve on-site wellbore stability and maximize productivity requirements are obtained through comprehensive calculation. This design method aims at optimizing the deflection orientation of directional wells, and comprehensively considers the communication between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, the wellbore discharge capacity after fracturing, and the stability of wellbore walls. The wellbore trajectory of the horizontal well provides a guiding basis, and on the basis of ensuring the safety and smoothness of the deflection construction, the goal of optimizing the fracturing effect and maximizing the production capacity is realized.
本领域技术人员不难理解，本发明的基于地质力学的裂缝型地层定向井造斜方位的设计方法包括上述本发明说明书的发明内容和具体实施方式部分以及附图所示出的各部分的任意组合，限于篇幅并为使说明书简明而没有将这些组合构成的各方案一一描述。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It is not difficult for those skilled in the art to understand that the method for designing the deflection azimuth of a directional well in a fractured formation based on geomechanics of the present invention includes any part of the content of the invention and the specific implementation of the description of the present invention described above and each part shown in the accompanying drawings. Combinations, due to space limitations, and for the sake of conciseness of the description, each scheme formed by these combinations is not described one by one. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201510929340.7ACN105574251B (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2015-12-15 | The design method in the slit formation stratum directional well deflecting orientation based on geomechanics |
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