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CN105572067A - Flue gas concentration measuring method based on spectrum analysis - Google Patents

Flue gas concentration measuring method based on spectrum analysis
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CN105572067A
CN105572067ACN201510931551.4ACN201510931551ACN105572067ACN 105572067 ACN105572067 ACN 105572067ACN 201510931551 ACN201510931551 ACN 201510931551ACN 105572067 ACN105572067 ACN 105572067A
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concentration value
optical thickness
ultraviolet band
concentration
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王菁
甄长飞
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Chongqing Chuanyi Automation Co Ltd
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Chongqing Chuanyi Automation Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a flue gas concentration measuring method based on spectrum analysis. According to the flue gas concentration measuring method disclosed by the invention, by carrying out band division treatment on flue gas, an instrument SO2 concentration value can be inverted in a first ultraviolet band, an actual standard SO2 concentration value is utilized for calibrating the instrument SO2 concentration value so as to obtain an accurate actual SO2 concentration value, the differential optical thickness of SO2 in a second ultraviolet band can be calculated by bringing in the actual SO2 concentration value, the differential optical thickness of NO can be calculated, and an accurate actual NO concentration value can be obtained by combining the differential optical thickness of the NO in the second ultraviolet band, so that mutual interference between the SO2 and the NO is eliminated, the measuring accuracy of SO2 and NO concentration in short-optical length and low-concentration flue gas is increased, the optical length is prevented from being increased or a high-accuracy spectrograph is prevented from being used, and the equipment cost is reduced.

Description

Translated fromChinese
基于光谱分析的烟气浓度测量方法Smoke Concentration Measurement Method Based on Spectral Analysis

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及烟气浓度测量领域,具体涉及一种基于光谱分析的烟气浓度测量方法。The invention relates to the field of flue gas concentration measurement, in particular to a method for measuring flue gas concentration based on spectral analysis.

背景技术Background technique

对烟气中的有害气体进行监测是环保工作的一个重要方面,当前的烟气监测技术主要分为现代化学测量技术和光谱测量技术,差分吸收光谱技术(DOAS,DifferentialOpticalAbsorptionSpectroscopy)作为光谱测量技术的代表,由于其测量原理简单,响应速度快,可以实现气体的实时在线监测等优点,其广泛的用于烟气浓度的在线监测中,比如用于测量烟气中SO2和NO的气体浓度;基于DOAS的气体浓度测量方法,在长光程高浓度的气体测量上已经取得了很大成果,但是对于低浓度、短光程的气体浓度测量,由于检测信号的信噪比低,其测量结果的误差大,在现有技术中,要提高低浓度气体的测量精度,可以通过增大光程或者使用高精度的光谱仪,但是这样又会带来成本的增加。Monitoring harmful gases in flue gas is an important aspect of environmental protection work. Current flue gas monitoring technology is mainly divided into modern chemical measurement technology and spectral measurement technology. Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS, Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) is a representative of spectral measurement technology. , due to its simple measurement principle, fast response speed, real-time online monitoring of gas and other advantages, it is widely used in online monitoring of flue gas concentration, such as for measuring the gas concentration of SO2 and NO in flue gas; based on DOAS The current gas concentration measurement method has made great achievements in the measurement of long optical path and high concentration gas, but for the measurement of low concentration and short optical path gas concentration, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal, the error of the measurement result Large, in the existing technology, to improve the measurement accuracy of low-concentration gases, you can increase the optical path or use a high-precision spectrometer, but this will increase the cost.

因此,为解决以上问题,需要一种基于光谱分析的烟气浓度测量方法,能够降低测量设备成本的同时保证短光程下对低浓度的气体具有较高的测量精度。Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a smoke concentration measurement method based on spectral analysis is needed, which can reduce the cost of measurement equipment and ensure high measurement accuracy for low-concentration gases under a short optical path.

发明内容Contents of the invention

有鉴于此,本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的缺陷,提供基于光谱分析的烟气浓度测量方法,能够降低测量设备成本的同时保证短光程下对低浓度的气体具有较高的测量精度。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a smoke concentration measurement method based on spectral analysis, which can reduce the cost of the measurement equipment while ensuring a higher measurement of low-concentration gases under a short optical path. precision.

本发明的基于光谱分析的烟气浓度测量方法,包括如下步骤:The flue gas concentration measuring method based on spectral analysis of the present invention comprises the following steps:

a.在第一紫外波段内,获得SO2差分吸收截面,通过DOAS算法和最小二乘法获得仪器SO2浓度值,用实际标准SO2浓度值标定仪器SO2浓度值,建立实际SO2浓度值与仪器SO2浓度值之间的线性关系;a. In the first ultraviolet band, obtain the SO2 differential absorption cross section, obtain the SO2 concentration value of the instrument through the DOAS algorithm and the least square method, calibrate the SO2 concentration value of the instrument with the actual standard SO2 concentration value, and establish the actual SO2 concentration value and the SO2 concentration value of the instrument the linear relationship between;

b.在第二紫外波段内,获得SO2和NO混合气体总的差分光学厚度,根据步骤a中的实际SO2浓度值计算在第二紫外波段内SO2的差分光学厚度,用总的差分光学厚度减去得到在第二紫外波段内NO的差分光学厚度。b. In the second ultraviolet waveband, obtain SO2 and the total differential optical thickness of the mixed gas of NO, calculate the SO2 differential optical thickness in the second ultraviolet waveband according to the actual SO2 concentration value in step a, subtract the total differential optical thickness from the second ultraviolet waveband to obtain the differential optical thickness of NO in the second UV band.

c.在所述第二紫外波段内,获得NO差分吸收截面并结合步骤b中的NO的差分光学厚度,通过DOAS算法和最小二乘法计算仪器NO浓度值,利用实际标准NO浓度值标定仪器NO浓度值,建立实际NO浓度值与仪器NO浓度值之间的线性关系;c. In the second ultraviolet band, obtain the NO differential absorption cross section and combine the NO differential optical thickness in step b, calculate the NO concentration value of the instrument through the DOAS algorithm and the least square method, and use the actual standard NO concentration value to calibrate the NO concentration of the instrument Concentration value, establish the linear relationship between the actual NO concentration value and the NO concentration value of the instrument;

其中,所述第一紫外波段内的光SO2能吸收而NO不能吸收,所述第二紫外波段内光SO2和NO均能吸收。Wherein, SO2 light in the first ultraviolet band can be absorbed but NO cannot be absorbed, and both light SO2 and NO in the second ultraviolet band can be absorbed.

进一步,所述第一紫外波段位于波长在285nm—310nm内,所述第二紫外波段位于波长在200-230nm内。Further, the first ultraviolet band is located at a wavelength of 285nm-310nm, and the second ultraviolet band is located at a wavelength of 200-230nm.

进一步,其中步骤a和步骤c中,实际SO2浓度值和实际NO浓度值均采用两点标定后分别根据各自对应的仪器SO2浓度值和仪器NO浓度值求得。Further, in step a and step c, the actual SO2 concentration value and the actual NO concentration value are calculated according to the corresponding instrument SO2 concentration value and instrument NO concentration value after two-point calibration.

进一步,其中步骤a和c中获得SO2和NO的差分吸收截面的方法为:从HITRAN数据库调取对应吸收截面数据,并对吸收截面数据进行低阶拟合,获得吸收截面数据的低频部分数据,将吸收截面数据减去低频部分数据得到对应差分吸收截面数据。Further, the method for obtaining the differential absorption cross section of SO2 and NO in steps a and c is: retrieve the corresponding absorption cross section data from the HITRAN database, and perform low-order fitting on the absorption cross section data to obtain the low frequency part data of the absorption cross section data, The data of the low-frequency part is subtracted from the absorption cross-section data to obtain the corresponding differential absorption cross-section data.

进一步,其中步骤b中,获得总的差分光学厚度方法为:在第一紫外波段内,根据零点光谱和吸收光谱获得总的光学厚度,对总的光学厚度进行低阶拟合获得低阶拟合值,利用总的光学厚度减去低阶拟合值得到总的差分光学厚度;同理,在第二紫外波段内获得SO2的差分光学厚度。Further, in step b, the method for obtaining the total differential optical thickness is: in the first ultraviolet band, obtain the total optical thickness according to the zero-point spectrum and the absorption spectrum, and perform low-order fitting on the total optical thickness to obtain the low-order fitting value, the total differential optical depth was obtained by subtracting the low-order fitting value from the total optical depth; similarly, the differential optical thickness of SO2 was obtained in the second ultraviolet band.

本发明的有益效果是:本发明公开的一种基于光谱分析的烟气浓度测量方法,通过将烟气的进行分波段处理,在第一紫外波段内反演仪器SO2浓度值,并利用实际标准SO2浓度值标定仪器SO2浓度值而获得精确的实际SO2浓度值,进而将实际SO2浓度值带入在第二紫外波段内算出在第二紫外波段内SO2差分光学厚度,算出NO差分光学厚度,结合第二紫外波段的NO差分光学厚度获得精确的实际NO浓度值,排除的了SO2与NO的相互干扰,提高了短光程、低浓度烟气中SO2与NO浓度的测量精度,避免增大光程或者使用高精度的光谱仪,减低了设备成本。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a method for measuring flue gas concentration based on spectral analysis disclosed by the present invention, by processing the flue gas in sub-bands, reversing the SO2 concentration value of the instrument in the first ultraviolet band, and using the actual standard The SO2 concentration value calibrates the SO2 concentration value of the instrument to obtain an accurate actual SO2 concentration value, and then brings the actual SO2 concentration value into the second ultraviolet band to calculate the SO2 differential optical thickness in the second ultraviolet band, calculate the NO differential optical thickness, and combine The NO differential optical thickness in the second ultraviolet band obtains accurate actual NO concentration values, eliminates the mutual interference between SO2 and NO, improves the measurement accuracy of SO2 and NO concentrations in short-path, low-concentration flue gas, and avoids increasing the optical density. process or use a high-precision spectrometer to reduce equipment costs.

附图说明Description of drawings

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述:The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:

图1为本发明中步骤a的计算流程图;Fig. 1 is the calculation flowchart of step a among the present invention;

图2为本发明中步骤b的计算流程图;Fig. 2 is the calculation flowchart of step b among the present invention;

图3为本发明中步骤c的计算流程图;Fig. 3 is the calculation flowchart of step c among the present invention;

图4为使用本发明中的算法计算得的标准浓度为49ppm的SO2浓度的测量值;Fig. 4 is that the standard concentration calculated using the algorithm in the present invention is the SO of 49ppm The measured value of the concentration;

图5为使用本发明中的算法计算得的标准浓度为25ppm的NO浓度的测量值。Fig. 5 is the measured value of NO concentration with a standard concentration of 25 ppm calculated using the algorithm of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

图1为本发明的结构示意图,图1为本发明中步骤a的计算流程图,图2为本发明中步骤b的计算流程图,图3为本发明中步骤c的计算流程图,图4为使用本发明中的算法计算得的标准浓度为49ppm的SO2浓度的测量值,图5为使用本发明中的算法计算得的标准浓度为25ppm的NO浓度的测量值,图4和图5的纵坐标表示浓度值且单位为ppm,横坐标表示测量次数;如图所示,本实施例中的基于光谱分析的烟气浓度测量方法,包括如下步骤:Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention, Fig. 1 is the calculation flowchart of step a among the present invention, Fig. 2 is the calculation flow chart of step b among the present invention, Fig. 3 is the calculation flow chart of step c among the present invention, Fig. 4 For using the standard concentration calculated by the algorithm in the present invention to be the measured value of the SO concentration of 49ppm, Fig. 5 is to use the standard concentration calculated by the algorithm in the present invention to be the measured value of the NO concentration of 25ppm, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 The ordinate represents the concentration value and the unit is ppm, and the abscissa represents the number of measurements; as shown in the figure, the smoke concentration measurement method based on spectral analysis in this embodiment includes the following steps:

a.在第一紫外波段内,获得SO2差分吸收截面,通过DOAS算法和最小二乘法获得仪器SO2浓度值,用实际标准SO2浓度值标定仪器SO2浓度值,建立实际SO2浓度值与仪器SO2浓度值之间的线性关系,其中通过DOAS算法和最小二乘法获得仪器SO2浓度值为现有技术,在此不再赘述;a. In the first ultraviolet band, obtain the SO2 differential absorption cross section, obtain the SO2 concentration value of the instrument through the DOAS algorithm and the least square method, calibrate the SO2 concentration value of the instrument with the actual standard SO2 concentration value, and establish the actual SO2 concentration value and the SO2 concentration value of the instrument The linear relationship between, wherein the SO2 concentration value of the instrument obtained by the DOAS algorithm and the least square method is the prior art, and will not be repeated here;

b.在第二紫外波段内,获得SO2和NO混合气体总的差分光学厚度,根据步骤a中的实际SO2浓度值计算在第二紫外波段内SO2的差分光学厚度,用总的差分光学厚度减去得到在第二紫外波段内NO的差分光学厚度;光学厚度由灯光谱(或零点光谱,没有气体吸收的光谱或一般是指通氮气时的光谱)除以吸收光谱(有吸收气体时的光谱)获得(其中光学厚度等于ln(I0/I),I0为初始光强,I烟气吸收后的光强);在第二紫外波段内通过减去SO2的差分光学厚度消除SO2对NO的测量干扰,提高NO测量精度,而通过实际SO2浓度值计算在第二紫外波段内SO2的差分光学厚度为步骤a算法的逆运算,在此不再赘述。b. In the second ultraviolet waveband, obtain SO2 and the total differential optical thickness of the mixed gas of NO, calculate the SO2 differential optical thickness in the second ultraviolet waveband according to the actual SO2 concentration value in step a, subtract the total differential optical thickness from the second ultraviolet waveband To obtain the differential optical thickness of NO in the second ultraviolet band; the optical thickness is divided by the absorption spectrum (or the zero-point spectrum, the spectrum without gas absorption or generally refers to the spectrum when nitrogen is passed) by the absorption spectrum (the spectrum when there is an absorbing gas) ) to obtain (wherein the optical thickness is equal to ln(I0 /I), I0 is the initial light intensity, and the light intensity after I is absorbed by the flue gas); in the second ultraviolet band, eliminate SO2 to NO by subtracting the differential optical thickness of SO2 measurement interference to improve NO measurement accuracy, and the calculation of the SO2 differential optical thickness in the second ultraviolet band through the actual SO2 concentration value is the inverse operation of the algorithm in step a, which will not be repeated here.

c.在所述第二紫外波段内,获得NO差分吸收截面并结合步骤b中的NO的差分光学厚度,通过DOAS算法和最小二乘法计算仪器NO浓度值,利用实际标准NO浓度值标定仪器NO浓度值,建立实际NO浓度值与仪器NO浓度值之间的线性关系;c. In the second ultraviolet band, obtain the NO differential absorption cross section and combine the NO differential optical thickness in step b, calculate the NO concentration value of the instrument through the DOAS algorithm and the least square method, and use the actual standard NO concentration value to calibrate the NO concentration of the instrument Concentration value, establish the linear relationship between the actual NO concentration value and the NO concentration value of the instrument;

其中,所述第一紫外波段内的光SO2能吸收而NO不能吸收,所述第二紫外波段内光SO2和NO均能吸收;通过将烟气的进行分波段处理,在第一紫外波段内反演仪器SO2浓度值,并利用实际标准SO2浓度值标定仪器SO2浓度值而获得精确的实际SO2浓度值,进而将实际SO2浓度值带入在第二紫外波段内算出在第二紫外波段内SO2差分光学厚度,算出NO差分光学厚度,结合第二紫外波段的NO差分光学厚度获得精确的实际NO浓度值,排除的了SO2与NO的相互干扰,提高了短光程、低浓度烟气中SO2与NO浓度的测量精度,避免增大光程或者使用高精度的光谱仪,减低了设备成本。Wherein, the light SO2 in the first ultraviolet band can be absorbed but NO can not be absorbed, and both the light SO2 and NO in the second ultraviolet band can be absorbed; Invert the SO2 concentration value of the instrument, and use the actual standard SO2 concentration value to calibrate the SO2 concentration value of the instrument to obtain an accurate actual SO2 concentration value, and then bring the actual SO2 concentration value into the second ultraviolet band to calculate SO2 in the second ultraviolet band Differential optical thickness, calculate the NO differential optical thickness, combine the NO differential optical thickness of the second ultraviolet band to obtain the accurate actual NO concentration value, eliminate the mutual interference between SO2 and NO, and improve the SO2 in short optical path and low concentration flue gas With the measurement accuracy of NO concentration, it avoids increasing the optical path or using a high-precision spectrometer, which reduces the equipment cost.

本实施例中,所述第一紫外波段位于波长在285nm—310nm内,所述第二紫外波段位于波长在200-230nm内;本实施例第一紫外波段优选为285nm—310nm,第二紫外波段优选为200-230nm,使得测量结果更为精确。In this embodiment, the first ultraviolet band is located within the wavelength of 285nm-310nm, and the second ultraviolet band is located within the wavelength of 200-230nm; the first ultraviolet band of this embodiment is preferably 285nm-310nm, and the second ultraviolet band It is preferably 200-230nm, which makes the measurement result more accurate.

本实施例中,其中步骤a和步骤c中,实际SO2浓度值和实际NO浓度值均采用两点标定后分别根据各自对应的仪器SO2浓度值和仪器NO浓度值求得;通过两点标定建立仪器浓度值与实际浓度值的直线方程,使得计算过程简单方便,且响应速度快。In this embodiment, wherein in step a and step c, the actual SO2 concentration value and the actual NO concentration value are respectively obtained according to the respective corresponding instrument SO2 concentration values and instrument NO concentration values after two-point calibration; the two-point calibration is used to establish The linear equation between the instrument concentration value and the actual concentration value makes the calculation process simple and convenient, and the response speed is fast.

本实施例中,其中步骤a和c中获得SO2和NO的差分吸收截面的方法为:从HITRAN数据库调取对应吸收截面数据,并对吸收截面数据进行低阶拟合,获得吸收截面数据的低频部分数据,将吸收截面数据减去低频部分数据得到对应差分吸收截面数据;所述HITRAN数据库为现有数据库,数据齐全且准确性高,而低阶拟合可采用现有的低阶拟合软件处理,在此不再赘述。In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the differential absorption cross-sections of SO2 and NO in steps a and c is: retrieve the corresponding absorption cross-section data from the HITRAN database, and perform low-order fitting on the absorption cross-section data to obtain the low-frequency absorption cross-section data Part of the data, the absorption cross-section data is subtracted from the low-frequency part data to obtain the corresponding differential absorption cross-section data; the HITRAN database is an existing database with complete data and high accuracy, and the existing low-order fitting software can be used for low-order fitting processing, and will not be repeated here.

本实施例中,其中步骤b中,获得总的差分光学厚度方法为:在第一紫外波段内,根据零点光谱和吸收光谱获得总的光学厚度,对总的光学厚度进行低阶拟合获得低阶拟合值,利用总的光学厚度减去低阶拟合值得到总的差分光学厚度;同理,在第二紫外波段内获得SO2的差分光学厚度;低阶拟合可采用现有的低阶拟合软件处理,在此不再赘述。In this embodiment, in step b, the method for obtaining the total differential optical thickness is: in the first ultraviolet band, obtain the total optical thickness according to the zero point spectrum and the absorption spectrum, and perform low-order fitting on the total optical thickness to obtain the low The first-order fitting value is obtained by subtracting the lower-order fitting value from the total optical depth to obtain the total differential optical depth; similarly, the SO2 differential optical depth is obtained in the second ultraviolet band; the lower-order fitting can use the existing low-order Order fitting software processing, which will not be repeated here.

最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

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CN114018853A (en)*2021-11-242022-02-08青岛崂应海纳光电环保集团有限公司Photometer gas chamber and gas analysis module
CN115508297A (en)*2022-08-252022-12-23青岛明华电子仪器有限公司 A gas interference compensation method and device based on ultraviolet differential smoke detection
CN115598081A (en)*2022-11-142023-01-13山东创宇环保科技有限公司(Cn) A detection method of gas concentration

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