技术领域technical field
本发明涉及地质与勘探地球物理领域，尤其涉及一种基于U形螺线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测装置与方法。The invention relates to the fields of geology and exploration geophysics, in particular to a mine transient electromagnetic detection device and method based on a U-shaped helical source.
背景技术Background technique
瞬变电磁法(Transient Electromagnetic Method，简称TEM)是一种建立在电磁感应原理基础上的时间域人工源电磁探测方法。它是利用不接地回线或接地导线向地下发射一次场，在一次场关断后，测量由地下介质产生的感应二次场随时间的变化，来达到寻找各种地质目标的一种地球物理勘探方法。将瞬变电磁法应用于矿井井下探测时，称为矿井瞬变电磁法(Mine Transient Electromagnetic Method，简称MTEM)。Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) is a time-domain artificial source electromagnetic detection method based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It is a geophysical method that uses ungrounded return wires or grounding wires to launch a primary field underground, and after the primary field is turned off, measures the secondary field induced by the underground medium over time to find various geological targets. Exploration methods. When the transient electromagnetic method is applied to underground mine detection, it is called Mine Transient Electromagnetic Method (MTEM for short).
目前，在矿井瞬变电磁探测中，主要的观测系统有中心回线方式、重叠回线方式和偶极方式。图1是偶极方式观测系统示意图。整个系统一般由发射线圈、发射机、主机和接收线圈四部分组成(有的系统发射机和主机为一体机)。不论采用哪种观测系统，发射线圈一般采用多匝方形回线源。在数据处理方面，一般是先计算全区视电阻率(将磁场强度转换为视电阻率)，然后进行时深转换(将采样时间转换为深度)，最后成图解释。At present, in mine transient electromagnetic detection, the main observation systems include center loop mode, overlapping loop mode and dipole mode. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a dipole observation system. The whole system is generally composed of four parts: transmitting coil, transmitter, host and receiving coil (some system transmitter and host are integrated). No matter which observation system is used, the transmitting coil generally adopts a multi-turn square loop source. In terms of data processing, it is generally first to calculate the apparent resistivity of the whole area (convert the magnetic field strength into apparent resistivity), then perform time-depth conversion (convert the sampling time into depth), and finally interpret it by drawing.
以上传统矿井瞬变电磁探测装置与方法具有如下缺点：The above traditional mine transient electromagnetic detection device and method have the following disadvantages:
(1)抗干扰能力差，井下探测具有干扰源复杂(包括工业电、铁轨、锚杆、掘进机等)的特点；多匝方形回线源易受线圈附近干扰源影响，这会降低探测精度和分辨率。(1) Poor anti-interference ability, underground detection has the characteristics of complex interference sources (including industrial electricity, rails, bolts, roadheaders, etc.); multi-turn square loop sources are easily affected by interference sources near the coil, which will reduce detection accuracy and resolution.
(2)发射线圈和接收线圈互感较强，这会增大仪器的关断时间，造成20m左右的探测盲区。(2) The mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is strong, which will increase the shutdown time of the instrument and cause a detection blind zone of about 20m.
(3)发射线圈尺寸相对较大，限制了在狭小巷道空间中的应用。(3) The size of the transmitting coil is relatively large, which limits the application in narrow roadway spaces.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术中的不足，本发明提供一种基于U形螺线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测装置与方法，以适应干扰源复杂和探测空间狭小的井下探测条件，并减小探测盲区，提高数据处理精度和分辨率。Aiming at the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a mine transient electromagnetic detection device and method based on a U-shaped helical source to adapt to underground detection conditions with complex interference sources and narrow detection space, and to reduce detection blind spots. Improve data processing accuracy and resolution.
为实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案是：一种基于U形螺线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测装置，包括发射线圈、发射机、主机和接收线圈；所述发射线圈与发射机连接，发射机和接收线圈均与主机连接；所述发射线圈设有非导电U形支架和供电电线，所述供电电线以密绕螺线的方式缠绕在U形支架上，供电电线的起点在U形支架的一端，终点在U形支架的另一端，两端各预留出2-3m连接线与发射机连接。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a mine transient electromagnetic detection device based on a U-shaped helical source, comprising a transmitting coil, a transmitter, a host and a receiving coil; the transmitting coil is connected to the transmitter , both the transmitter and the receiving coil are connected to the host; the transmitting coil is provided with a non-conductive U-shaped bracket and a power supply wire, and the power supply wire is wound on the U-shaped bracket in a tightly wound spiral manner, and the starting point of the power supply wire is at U One end of the U-shaped bracket, the end point is at the other end of the U-shaped bracket, and 2-3m connecting wires are reserved at both ends to connect with the transmitter.
所述的U形支架由两个直管和一个半圆形弯管组成，直管和半圆形弯管之间通过螺纹接口连接。The U-shaped bracket is composed of two straight pipes and a semicircular bent pipe, and the straight pipes and the semicircular bent pipe are connected through threaded joints.
所述两个直管尺寸相同，半圆形弯管外径与直管外径一致。The two straight pipes have the same size, and the outer diameter of the semicircular bent pipe is consistent with the outer diameter of the straight pipe.
所述直管的外径为160mm-320mm，长度0.5m-2m；所述半圆形弯管外径160mm-320mm，半圆的直径0.5m-2m。The outer diameter of the straight pipe is 160mm-320mm, and the length is 0.5m-2m; the outer diameter of the semicircular bent pipe is 160mm-320mm, and the diameter of the semicircle is 0.5m-2m.
所述U形支架由不导电材料PVC做成。The U-shaped bracket is made of non-conductive material PVC.
所述发射线圈通过供电电线与发射机连接，发射机和接收线圈通过信号线与主机连接。The transmitting coil is connected with the transmitter through the power supply wire, and the transmitter and the receiving coil are connected with the host through the signal wire.
所述发射线圈与接收线圈间隔1-5m。The transmitting coil is separated from the receiving coil by 1-5m.
所述发射机和主机距离发射线圈和接收线圈1m之外。The transmitter and the host are 1m away from the transmitting coil and the receiving coil.
所述发射机、主机、接收线圈和信号连接线与传统多匝方形回线源瞬变电磁探测装置相同。The transmitter, host, receiving coil and signal connecting wire are the same as the traditional multi-turn square loop source transient electromagnetic detection device.
基于U形螺线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测方法：Mine transient electromagnetic detection method based on U-shaped spiral source:
1)布置测线，在巷道内确定探测起点、终点位置，沿测线在巷道侧帮用粉笔或油漆每隔5m或10m标上标记；1) Arrange the survey line, determine the starting point and end position of the detection in the roadway, and mark the side of the roadway along the survey line with chalk or paint every 5m or 10m;
2)组装仪器，将发射线圈通过供电电线与发射机连接，将发射机和接收线圈通过信号线与主机连接；使发射线圈与接收线圈保持间隔1-5m；使发射机和主机距离发射线圈和接收线圈1m之外；2) Assemble the instrument, connect the transmitting coil to the transmitter through the power supply wire, and connect the transmitter and receiving coil to the host through the signal line; keep the transmitting coil and receiving coil at a distance of 1-5m; make the distance between the transmitter and the host between the transmitting coil and the 1m away from the receiving coil;
3)数据采集，采集时，整个探测装置作为一个整体，首先放置在测线起点位置进行一次数据采集；然后，按照标在巷道侧帮的标记，每隔5m或10m进行一次数据采集，直至测线终点；3) Data collection. When collecting data, the entire detection device as a whole is first placed at the starting point of the survey line for data collection; then, according to the marks marked on the side of the roadway, data collection is carried out every 5m or 10m until the measurement line end of line;
4)数据处理，下面给出t(i)采样时间点基于二分搜索算法的全区视电阻率计算步骤：4) Data processing, the calculation steps of the apparent resistivity of the whole area based on the binary search algorithm at the sampling time point t(i) are given below:
4.1)给定二分搜索初始取值区间[ρa,ρb]，最小相对误差εmin；4.1) Given the binary search initial value range [ρa , ρb ], the minimum relative error εmin ;
4.2)计算中值电阻率ρi＝(ρa+ρb)/2，带入半空间正演公式Bzm(i)＝f[ρi,t(i)]计算中值电阻率所对应的理论磁感应强度Bzm(i)；4.2) Calculate the median resistivity ρi =(ρa +ρb )/2, and bring it into the half-space forward modeling formula Bzm (i)=f[ρi ,t(i)] to calculate the corresponding value of the median resistivity The theoretical magnetic induction Bzm (i);
4.3)计算观测值Bz(i)与理论值Bzm(i)之间的相对误差ε＝|Bzm(i)-Bz(i)|/Bz(i)；如果ε≤εmi，则ρi即为全区视电阻率，对应深度Di计算公式为其中μ0＝4π×10-7N/A2为真空磁导率，α＝0.3为全空间系数，第0个采样时间点t(0)＝0，计算结束；否则，进行下一步；4.3) Calculate the relative error between the observed value Bz (i) and the theoretical value Bzm (i) ε=|Bzm (i)-Bz (i)|/Bz (i); if ε≤εmi , then ρi is the apparent resistivity of the whole area, and the calculation formula for the corresponding depth Di is Among them, μ0 =4π×10-7 N/A2 is the vacuum magnetic permeability, α=0.3 is the full space coefficient, the 0th sampling time point t(0)=0, the calculation ends; otherwise, proceed to the next step;
4.4)如果Bz(i)＞Bzm(i)则ρb＝ρi，反之ρa＝ρi；返回步骤2)继续执行。4.4) If Bz (i)>Bzm (i), then ρb = ρi , otherwise ρa = ρi ; return to step 2) to continue execution.
步骤4.2中的半空间正演公式可参考文献(李金铭，地电场与电法勘探[M]，北京：地质出版社，2005)，本文中将不再详述。For the half-space forward modeling formula in step 4.2, refer to literature (Li Jinming, Geoelectric Field and Electric Exploration [M], Beijing: Geological Press, 2005), and will not be described in detail in this paper.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有的优点和效果如下：Compared with prior art, the advantages and effects that the present invention has are as follows:
(1)本发明将传统多匝方形回线源改造为U形螺线源，减小了发射线圈附近干扰源对一次场的干扰，从而提高了数据质量，提高了探测精度和分辨率；(2)本发明将传统多匝方形回线源改造为U形螺线源，减小了发射线圈与接收线圈之间的互感，即减小了关断时间，减小了探测盲区；(3)本发明将传统多匝方形回线源改造为U形螺线源，减小了发射线圈的尺寸，更加适应井下狭小的巷道空间；(4)采用本发明中的计算方法，计算结果更精确；(5)本发明结构简单易于实现，很容易将传统多匝方形回线源瞬变电磁探测装置改造而成。(1) The present invention transforms the traditional multi-turn square loop source into a U-shaped spiral source, which reduces the interference of the interference source near the transmitting coil to the primary field, thereby improving the data quality, and improving the detection accuracy and resolution; ( 2) The present invention transforms the traditional multi-turn square loop source into a U-shaped spiral source, which reduces the mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, that is, reduces the turn-off time and reduces the detection blind area; (3) The present invention transforms the traditional multi-turn square loop source into a U-shaped spiral source, reduces the size of the transmitting coil, and is more suitable for the narrow tunnel space in the mine; (4) the calculation method in the present invention is adopted, and the calculation result is more accurate; (5) The structure of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and it is easy to transform the traditional multi-turn square loop source transient electromagnetic detection device.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1基于多匝方形回线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测装置；Fig. 1 mine transient electromagnetic detection device based on multi-turn square loop source;
图2基于U形螺线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测装置；Fig. 2 mine transient electromagnetic detection device based on U-shaped spiral source;
图3 U形螺线源示意图；Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of U-shaped spiral source;
图4 U形支架结构示意图；Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of U-shaped bracket structure;
图5多匝方形回线源一次场示意图；Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the primary field of a multi-turn square loop source;
图6 U形螺线源一次场示意图；Fig.6 Schematic diagram of primary field of U-shaped spiral source;
图7某巷道6号测点实测数据；Fig. 7 The measured data of No. 6 measuring point in a roadway;
图8基于U型螺线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测装置实测数据成果图。Figure 8 is a diagram of the measured data results of the mine transient electromagnetic detection device based on the U-shaped helical source.
图中，1.发射线圈，1-1.U形支架，1-11.半圆形弯管，1-12.直管，1-2.供电电线，2.发射机，3.主机，4.接收线圈。In the figure, 1. Transmitting coil, 1-1. U-shaped bracket, 1-11. Semicircular bent pipe, 1-12. Straight pipe, 1-2. Power supply wire, 2. Transmitter, 3. Host, 4 . Receive coil.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下参照具体实施例对本发明进行详细的说明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
实施例1Example 1
为了说明本发明的抗干扰能力和在减小关断时间方面的效果，本发明给出了传统方形回线源探测装置和本发明的测试对比结果。In order to illustrate the anti-interference ability of the present invention and the effect of reducing the off-time, the present invention provides the test comparison results between the traditional square loop source detection device and the present invention.
实施例中多匝方形回线源和U形螺线源参数设置：Multi-turn square loop source and U-shaped spiral source parameter settings in the embodiment:
多匝方形回线源采用边长2m的正方形支架，供电电线长512m，以密绕螺线的方式缠绕在正方形支架上，两端各留出2.5m与发射机连接(结合附图1)。The multi-turn square loop source adopts a square bracket with a side length of 2m, and the power supply wire is 512m long, and is wound on the square bracket in a densely wound spiral manner, leaving 2.5m at both ends to connect to the transmitter (see attached drawing 1).
U形螺线源的U形支架1-1由两个直管1-12和一个半圆形弯管1-11三部分组成，材料均为PVC，直管1-12和半圆形弯管1-13之间通过螺纹接口连接；两个直管1-12尺寸相同，外径160mm，长度0.5m；半圆形弯管1-11外径160mm，半圆的直径0.5m。The U-shaped bracket 1-1 of the U-shaped spiral source is composed of two straight pipes 1-12 and a semicircular elbow 1-11. The material is PVC, the straight pipe 1-12 and the semicircular elbow. 1-13 are connected through a threaded interface; the two straight pipes 1-12 have the same size, the outer diameter is 160mm, and the length is 0.5m; the semicircular curved pipe 1-11 has an outer diameter of 160mm, and the diameter of the semicircle is 0.5m.
供电电线1-2采用原有多匝方形回线源供电电线，长度512m。供电电线1-2以密绕螺线的方式缠绕在U形支架1-1上，供电电线1-2的起点在U形支架1-1的一端，终点在U形支架1-2的另一端，两端各留出2.5m与发射机2连接(结合附图2、3和4)。The power supply wire 1-2 adopts the original multi-turn square loop source power supply wire with a length of 512m. The power supply wire 1-2 is wound on the U-shaped bracket 1-1 in a densely wound spiral manner, the starting point of the power supply wire 1-2 is at one end of the U-shaped bracket 1-1, and the end point is at the other end of the U-shaped bracket 1-2 , leave 2.5m at both ends to connect with the transmitter 2 (combined with accompanying drawings 2, 3 and 4).
结附图5和附图6可以看出，多匝方形回线源一次场分布发散(见图5)，关断供电电流时会在接收线圈(一般放置在发射线圈附近10m之内)中产生较强互感；U形发射线源一次场主要集中在探测方向一定范围内(见图6)，关断供电电流时在接收线圈中产生的互感弱。From attached drawings 5 and 6, it can be seen that the primary field distribution of the multi-turn square loop source diverges (see Figure 5), and when the supply current is turned off, it will generate Strong mutual inductance; the primary field of the U-shaped transmitting line source is mainly concentrated in a certain range in the detection direction (see Figure 6), and the mutual inductance generated in the receiving coil is weak when the power supply current is turned off.
测试是在某巷道6号测点进行，测点后方2m处有一辆矿车。图7为矿车干扰下6号测点实测数据，横坐标为采样时间，纵坐标为磁场强度。图中加号线为常规方形回线源探测数据，点线为U形螺线源探测数据。由图7可见，U形螺线源关断时间(80μs)明显小于方形回线源关断时间(240μs)，U形螺线源探测数据曲线更加圆滑，说明采集的数据质量更好，抗干扰能力更强。使用U形螺线源采集的磁场强度整体小于方形回线源，是因为U形螺线源发射磁矩小于方形回线源发射磁矩，这不影响探测的准确性。The test was carried out at the No. 6 measuring point in a roadway, and there was a mine car 2m behind the measuring point. Figure 7 shows the measured data of No. 6 measuring point under the interference of mining vehicles, the abscissa is the sampling time, and the ordinate is the magnetic field intensity. The plus line in the figure is the detection data of the conventional square loop source, and the dotted line is the detection data of the U-shaped spiral source. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the turn-off time of the U-shaped spiral source (80 μs) is significantly shorter than that of the square loop source (240 μs), and the detection data curve of the U-shaped spiral source is smoother, indicating that the quality of the collected data is better and anti-interference more capable. The overall magnetic field strength collected by the U-shaped spiral source is smaller than that of the square loop source, because the magnetic moment emitted by the U-shaped spiral source is smaller than that of the square loop source, which does not affect the accuracy of detection.
实施例2Example 2
为了说明基于U形螺线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测装置与方法的有效性，本发明给出了某次现场探测结果。In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the mine transient electromagnetic detection device and method based on the U-shaped helical source, the present invention provides a certain on-site detection result.
某煤层底板岩层主要由砂岩、泥岩和石灰岩组成。其中石灰岩是奥陶系石灰岩，距离煤层底板平均距离40m，平均厚度42m，奥陶系石灰岩中的岩溶裂隙水为主要充水水源。为了查明巷道底板地层地质及水文地质条件，消除水害隐患，进行了井下瞬变电磁探测。本次探测采用本发明基于U形螺线源的矿井瞬变电磁探测装置与方法。本次探测根据需要布置了100m长度的测线，间距10m设置一个测点，共采集了11个测点的数据。The floor of a coal seam is mainly composed of sandstone, mudstone and limestone. The limestone is Ordovician limestone, with an average distance of 40m from the coal seam floor and an average thickness of 42m. The karst fissure water in the Ordovician limestone is the main source of water. In order to find out the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the floor of the roadway and eliminate the hidden danger of water damage, the underground transient electromagnetic detection was carried out. This detection adopts the mine transient electromagnetic detection device and method based on the U-shaped helical source of the present invention. In this survey, a measuring line with a length of 100m was arranged according to the needs, and a measuring point was set at a distance of 10m, and the data of 11 measuring points were collected in total.
图8为数据处理后得到的120m深度范围内的成果图，图中横坐标为100m的测线，纵坐标为探测深度，剖面颜色的深浅代表电阻率的大小，颜色越深代表视电阻率越低。在图中桩号51-60m，深度50-80m处有一低阻异常区(图中圈定范围)，视电阻率小于3Ω·m，推测为奥灰岩溶裂隙含水区。后钻探验证，钻探结果与探测结果一致。Figure 8 is the result map obtained after data processing within the depth range of 120m. The abscissa in the figure is the measuring line of 100m, and the ordinate is the detection depth. Low. In the figure, there is a low-resistance anomaly area at the stake number 51-60m and a depth of 50-80m (the circled area in the figure), and the apparent resistivity is less than 3Ω·m. After drilling verification, the drilling results are consistent with the detection results.
实施例3Example 3
以实施例2中6号测点(桩号60m处)的数据处理为例对数据处理方法进行演示。The data processing method is demonstrated by taking the data processing of No. 6 measuring point (stake number 60m) in Example 2 as an example.
数据采集完成后，6号测点(桩号60m处)原始数据见表1，包括30个时间门的采样时间和磁场强度值。首先计算第一个采样点的视电阻率和深度，计算过程如下：After the data collection is completed, the original data of the No. 6 measuring point (stake number 60m) are shown in Table 1, including the sampling time and magnetic field strength values of 30 time gates. First calculate the apparent resistivity and depth of the first sampling point, the calculation process is as follows:
(1)给定二分搜索初始取值区间[ρa＝1Ω·m,ρb＝500Ω·m]，最小相对误差εmin＝0.01。(1) Given a binary search initial value interval [ρa =1Ω·m, ρb =500Ω·m], the minimum relative error εmin =0.01.
(2)计算中值电阻率ρ1＝(ρa+ρb)/2＝250.5Ω·m，带入半空间正演公式Bzm(i)＝f[ρi,t()i]计算中值电阻率所对应的理论磁感应强度Bzm(i)＝1.5e-013T。(2) Calculate the median resistivity ρ1 =(ρa +ρb )/2=250.5Ω·m, and bring it into the half-space forward modeling formula Bzm (i)=f[ρi ,t()i] for calculation The theoretical magnetic induction intensity Bzm (i) corresponding to the median resistivity = 1.5e-013T.
(3)计算观测值Bz(i)＝6.7e-012T与理论值Bzm(i)＝1.5e-013T之间的相对误差ε＝0.98，因为ε＞εmin，进入下一步。(3) Calculate the relative error ε=0.98 between the observed value Bz (i)=6.7e-012T and the theoretical value Bzm (i)=1.5e-013T, because ε>εmin , go to the next step.
(4)因为Bz(i)＞Bzm(i)，所以ρb＝ρ1＝250.5Ω·m。返回步骤(2)继续执行。(4) Since Bz (i)>Bzm (i), ρb =ρ1 =250.5Ω·m. Return to step (2) to continue execution.
(5)经过步骤(2)～(4)的10次迭代计算，ρ1＝20.0Ω·m，ε＝0.0069，此时ε≤εmin，所以ρ1＝20.0Ω·m即为第1采样点的全区视电阻率，计算对应深度得到D1＝4.41m。(5) After 10 iterative calculations of steps (2) to (4), ρ1 =20.0Ω·m, ε=0.0069, at this time ε≤εmin , so ρ1 =20.0Ω·m is the first sample The entire area apparent resistivity of the point, and the corresponding depth is calculated to obtain D1 =4.41m.
以上为第1采样点视电阻率和深度的计算过程。同样的步骤，依次可计算得到6号测点所有30个采样点的视电阻率和深度(见表2)。The above is the calculation process of the apparent resistivity and depth of the first sampling point. By the same steps, the apparent resistivity and depth of all 30 sampling points of No. 6 measuring point can be calculated sequentially (see Table 2).
最后经过探测验证，本发明的装置以及方法精确度高，所计算的结果与探测结果完全一致。Finally, after detection and verification, the device and method of the present invention have high precision, and the calculated result is completely consistent with the detection result.
表1实施例2中6号测点原始观测数据Raw observation data of No. 6 measuring point in Table 1 Example 2
表2实施例2中6号测点数据处理结果No. 6 measuring point data processing result in table 2 embodiment 2
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