Background technology
Electric motor car and electrokinetic cell are hot issues always, and domestic and international expert is advertising always and will greatly develop electric motor car, and is " first developing pure electric vehicle ".
Technically, economical operation, infrastructure also also exist the bottleneck of industrialized development, need relevant policies support to build the market demand, complete smoothly at commercialization process in order to electric motor car.
But, current electric motor car development lags behind the main cause of expection, " performance " and " cost " that be exactly electrokinetic cell all can't meet actual needs, beyond the ability to bear of consumer, and the performance of battery can not meet vehicle actual demand, high rate performance (flying power), cycle life, security are all to be improved.No matter be from industry trend, technological trend, or from society each side demand, electric motor car has become the Main way of new-energy automobile development, especially " mini electric vehicle " engages in town and country, most suitable for picking the purposes that child old man rides instead of walk and so on, also really meet " distinct Chinese characteristics ".
Current, for want of sound oversight mechanism and standard, electric motor car enterprise production level is very different, have only and solve electric motor car integration problem by system design, need innovation institutional environment to make standard unified simultaneously, could demand creation, cost reduce, and accept by consumer the ground connection gas commodity with universalness.
[bottleneck problem that electric motor car now faces :]
One, national standard is formulated and the not yet bright and clear unification of regulation.
Two, peripheral capital construction and supporting shortage.
Three, the flying power of battery, fails to reach expectations of customer.
Four, battery is not long, and replacement cost increases.
Five, under cryogenic conditions, the ultrafast charging technique of battery waits to solve.
Six, battery " charging station " construction rate is low, and charging is inconvenient.
Seven, " charging column " places obstacles many, and difficulty is universal.
Eight, " flying power " that how to solve electric motor car is current important subject under discussion
Nine, the discussion of electric motor car flying power how is promoted
[why " flying power " of electric motor car be current hot topic topic]
The sick large main cause of current power car is consumer dirt is exactly its course continuation mileage.And the course continuation mileage of electric motor car is limited to battery capacity, to increase its course continuation mileage, have increase battery capacity only, relative battery weight load, cost also add thereupon, even if add the subsidy of country and each local government, price is compared also not cheap with equal regular fuel car, consumer so also just cannot be attracted to buy the wish of electric motor car.
[this electric motor car " flying power " problem will be solved can think deeply from multi-faceted]
1. promote the capacity of battery itself, problem is limited to current material and technology there is no method breakthrough, and Slow lifting is immature, and slow action cannot save a critical situation.
2., by arranging Battery Charging Station or switching station service, to improve the course continuation mileage of present situation electric motor car, only first must establish " business model " of its operation.
[prior art relative merits illustrate :]
Rechargeable
Exchange trickle charge (i.e. charging column):
Advantage: 1. can improve charge efficiency and extend battery.
2. can make full use of the electric power bottom-valley period charges, and reduces costs.
Shortcoming: the 1. duration of charging is longer, brings inconvenience to actual user;
As duration of charging about 5 ~ 8hr, be difficult to meet when vehicle has urgent operation demand.
2. Chinese city building structure is based on high building, Surface parking lots's limited amount, the situation causing having car to fill and do not power on.
Direct current fills soon (charging station):
Advantage: the duration of charging is short; 20min ~ 2hr is about in the short time, for its user provides short time charging service with larger current.
Shortcoming:
1. " to fill soon " and unhappy, and reduce the serviceable life of battery, battery maintenance cost increases, and serious words also may cause the security incidents such as battery explosion, not yet ripe with current technology.
2. charging station setup cost is high, and business model is worth business true.
3. because corresponding big current demand may produce injurious effects to utility network, producing harmonic pollution, especially when basic electrical network is relatively weak, will be a major challenge to power grid security.
4. car load (containing battery) price is high, is unfavorable for the universal of electric motor car.
Embodiment
The How It Works of battery swap formula platform of the present invention has following characteristics: 1. battery standard, 2. vehicle be separated with battery entitlement, 3. switching station open operation among the people, 4. switching station arrange universal, 5. switching station operation can create foundation, 6. low consumption.
Be described in detail as follows:
1. standardization
A. battery flat standardization: all depots follow battery flat standardization jointly, vehicle ID, each takes what he needs to capture market in inner configuration.
B. single case battery standard: specification matching battery cabin, material system standardization and then global cell group universalness.
C. battery-exchange station standardization: above-mentioned A.B is the important prerequisite that battery swap can realize, has battery standard only and quality guarantees that battery-exchange station could standardization and universalness.
2. vehicle is separated with battery entitlement, and electric battery participates in all cell manufacturer by standard open, after being verified, then gives and gives switching station and use to guarantee quality by national quality inspection unit, allows the natural selection of system bad supply factory.
3. the open operation among the people of switching station, such as: refuelling station, grand hotel, convenience store, each integrated mill, 4 S auto shop etc., has people to manage all can to arrange as long as can pick out power supply.
4. switching station arranges universal, and the target of electric motor car universalness is just not far.
5. switching station operation can create foundation, and management mode far exceedes on-line shop's reality, and sustainability.
6. low consumption, this is the electric motor car allowing consumer can drive Renminbi less than 100,000 yuan, every month with fare with lower than the real method of 500 yuan.
Feasible pattern: 1. innovate institutional environment 3. pairs of battery flats by system design perfecting supervision mechanism 2., battery specifications carries out standardization and modularization 4. charge mode changes and adopts the mode that " battery swap " establishes station, and the business model that unified standard 5. adopts electric vehicle/battery entitlement to be separated, arrange universal in order to " battery-exchange station ", consume the environment for use with convenience to provide consumer's low cost.
Electrokinetic cell in the present invention adopts switch type operation operation business model (as shown in Figure 1), comprising: upstream industry 10, energy company 11, financial receipt and payment system 17, operation company 13, battery manufacturer 14, battery-exchange station 15, consumer 16, depot 12, wherein, this upstream industry 10 is with polysilicon and hybrid wind-solar energy device industry, and energy company 11 is with sun power, wind energy with or other green energy resource system combinations, there is provided switching station comprehensive electric system 111, by the receipt and payment that financial receipt and payment system 17 makes consumer 16 and operation company 13 process checkout 133 to conclude the business, and battery manufacturer 14 provides electric battery 142 to give battery-exchange station 15 operates, about the amount of money of consumption pays 161 by electric capacity difference ratio, by ID card certification charging service 171, user is avoided to charge voluntarily, consumer does not use containing the electric motor car of battery to buy, effectively can reduce and purchase car cost, depot then needs the design implementing electric motor car to improve.
Aforesaid battery-exchange station 15 comprises the combined type operation of marketing operation, and the secondary energy as the recovery used batteries after use reclaim.
Operation organizational structure in the present invention, includes: backstage cloud service and management group, standardization planning and formulation group, software and hardware facilities build and maintenance group, third party coordinate and Integration group, financial planning and management group, public relation and spokesman group and the general affairs.Wherein,
This backstage cloud service and management group set up and are connected with each switching station network, every 30 seconds upgrade once each switching station up-to-date be full of electricity number of batteries and each switching station position, send to high in the clouds for consumer, monitor each switching station each Battery pack present situation constantly to control perfect appropriate rate, examine the accuracy of each clearing expense and receipt and payment cooperation unit constantly, meet unusual condition real-time informing relevant department process, and the same day each switching station communicating battery gained and distribute adjust.
This standardization planning and formulation group are switching station work pattern and the sector standard setter.As battery flat standardization setting, make, cooperation electric motor car factory is provided.As single railway carriage or compartment battery case standardization setting, make, be connected with Vehicular battery cabin and switching station charging system to reach.As the various specification of single railway carriage or compartment battery case and electric motor car functional need, formulate suitable battery-exchange station.
These software and hardware facilities build and maintenance group, according to standard production battery flat after battery flat standard formulation, insert the management system of series and parallel patent, the device that communication interface etc. are necessary, thering is provided the vehicle that electric motor car cooperation manufacturers design is suitable, is the first step of battery swap running.After the battery case standard formulation of single railway carriage or compartment, insert battery management system according to standard production battery case, the manufacturing plant selecting quality and ability to reach standard provides standard cell case, common construction switching station battery supplied chain.And import Taiwan switching station cooperation business, hardware and the software of RELATED APPLICATIONS are provided, seek building a station of switching station hardware cooperation in production business nearby, to save making and logistics cost.Each switching station has built importing Taiwan and has had all kinds of patents and sought the ripe management software of several years, be formed as background service, switching station and battery user three aspect, connect constantly and draw up-to-date information, becoming combined type operation to coordinate switching station upgrading in the future.
This third party coordinates and Integration group, to build together standard to seek qualified electric motor car manufacturing plant, there is provided switching station Platform Alliance excellent cell manufacturer, meet battery requirements a large amount of after building a station, and planning is according to progress and demand, in Criterion Hua Danxiang battery assembly plant of each province, ensure that consumer has safety and fills the battery supplied of part.The switching station operation of associating Taiwan and manufacturing plant provide rich experience, jointly provide safeguard for switching station operator and battery user.And the supply of switching station required electric power, seek units concerned and support.Place of seeking to build a station coordinates government's " university students' innovative undertaking policy " to formulate standard of building a station, or seeks existing refuelling station facility and set up switching station, to arrive every 20 square kilometres of long-term goals namely having a switching station.The selected system manufacturer cooperation with national network revenue and expenditure instrument, to complete the income of battery swap and to pay the expense of cooperation business.Building a station first-selected is existing refuelling station, because personnel, space, electric power etc. are all ripe, also can because of electric motor car universal after make up business loss.Build a station in Ge great universities and colleges campus, can dynamic services campus vehicle.In each grand hotel parking lot, each large-scale Public Parking is built a station.
This financial planning and management group, calculate the exploitation of all hardware and build cost.All patents and software application, and 5 years upgrade and R & D Cost.The operating cost of actuarial management switching station, battery loss cost, battery charging cost and all hardware and softwares setup cost, the expenses standard of battery swap is collected in final formulation.That takes in every day and pay examines and execution, implements the required fund of switching station operation and source.Come into the open the understanding of process and national policy and decree regulation and follow-up in build a station progress and market, the planning whole nation.
This public relation and spokesman group, process political affairs businessman arteries and veins builds, international communication and corporate image are safeguarded.The window of Coordination Treatment and local party, political affairs office relation, enterprise security manager.Local tax law, law and the custom condition of the people are familiar with and research, relevant external significant information and news briefing.
These general affairs are responsible for vehicle scheduling, arrangement, maintenance and control, maintenance clean and tidy around public environment health and office.Transactional business procurement (containing computing machine and interfacing equipment) and control.Related companies's water power, fire fighting equipment are repaired and are safeguarded, associate, vehicles while passing gate inhibition control.
Battery-exchange station in the present invention can provide following services: one, the computer hardware of switching station; Two, high in the clouds background manage software, provides the distribution situation of user's switching station, and each switching station has been full of the quantity of battery, with the position of nearest switching station.Three, toll collection system software, coordinates and participates in receipt and payment unit " financial institution " national network in the future, unified expenses standard and system; Four, standard battery flat can be prevented fires to 600 degree Celsius, anticollision, shellproof, and include the power supply of automobile, communication port provides automobile factory.Standard alloy cell case includes BMS, link battery flat port, and to coordinate switching station charging port, cipher system provides battery manufacture assembly plant; Five, used batteries reclaim secondary utilization system, and electric automobile belongs to Beili type purposes, and when electric capacity is down to rated capacity 70%, system judges to upgrade battery, and this battery can go to energy storage purposes and reduce the wasting of resources.
[battery-exchange station configuration, function and cost]
1. every switching station possesses can fill 72V25A electric battery simultaneously, 60 charging modules.
2. total electricity exports configuration: 90V1,500Ah.
3. service vehicle number can be supplied every day: 60-80 train number.
4. possessing can the function of Auto-Sensing residual capacity.
5. possesses automatic Identification electric battery information constantly.
6. possess battery coding identification and forwarding function.
7. possess charging valuation, receive the receipts button system of withholing.
8. possesses the system interface that all information of switching station is connected with high in the clouds.
9. do not estimate containing internal battery module cost: RMB350,000 yuan/.
10. every 10,000 cars configure 150 switching stations, and cost amounts to: RMB52,500,000 yuan.
[battery flat, battery specification and modularization]
Battery flat adopts the design of " monomer " swapping type, determines configuration electric battery number according to purposes and flying power demand.
Standard box bodies, is divided into 12 or 16 casings according to terminal client demand.
* single box weight < 13kg
* each casing endurance is about 18km
Use battery standard specification:
* lithium ternary-72V, 25AH
* iron lithium-72V, 20AH
Remarks: be suitable for 72V/144V electric control.
[battery cost analysis]
Single box type battery composition this (lithium ternary system-72V, 25AH; 20S2P):
1. battery core: 20pcsx25AH=500AH × 6RMB/AH=RMB3,000.00
2. shell: plastics+aluminum hull+handware=RMB600.00
3.BMS:72V fender (containing communication function)=RMB150.00
4. assemble: aging, test=RMB100.00
Add up to: RMB3,8500.00 (RMB2.15/WH)
[mini electric vehicle uses battery cost :]
1. power requirements A:72V300A=21,6000WH
Battery cost: RMB2.50 × 21,600WH=RMB46,440.00
2. power requirements B:72V400A=28,800WH
Battery cost: RMB2.15 × 28,800WH=RMB61,920.00
Battery supplier operation cost is analyzed
[income of battery supplier is estimated :]
1. every 100 kilometers of battery costs are less than RMB4,200 × 5=RMB21,000.00
(each casing endurance is about 18km)
2. suppose that switching station every 100 kilometers of income=RMB50.00 (fuel vehicle every kilometer RMB0.8 ~ 1.2) battery supplier can distribute: RMB50 × 50%=RMB25.00 runs 50 kilometers in mini electric vehicle every day: every two days recyclable RMB25.00.
3. with every Battery pack meter in 1,200 week serviceable life: within 75 days, upgrade.
(battery cycle life, according to industrywide standard 1, calculates for 200 times)
Every Battery pack is recyclable: 25.00 × 1,200=RMB.30, and 000.00
The every Battery pack income of ※:
RMB30,000.-RMB21,000＝RMB9,000.00
[taxi operation cost analysis]
Taxi oil/electric operation cost simulation is compared:
Fuel oil taxi
Charge setting: every kilometer of RMB0.80 (fuel vehicle every kilometer RMB0.8 ~ 1.2) every portion taxi one class of race 400 kilometers.Then need to pay oily expense: RMB320/ class.
Pure electric taxi
Use battery specifications: 72V100AH × 3=72V300AH mileage: 72 kilometers × 3=216
Kilometer switching station charge setting: RMB0.50/ kilometer
Every portion taxi one class runs 400 kilometers.Then need defrayment: RMB200/ class.
The battery output value calculates (10,000 meters)
1. each car uses watt-hour: 28,800Wh; Every ten thousand cars use battery: 288,000,000Wh.
2. every switching station reserve battery: 108,000Wh; Every ten thousand cars configure 150 switching stations, total standby battery: 16,200,000W.
3. every ten thousand car configuration batteries always use 304,200,000Wh;
4. every ten thousand the car gross output value: RMB760,500,000 yuan.(every watt-hour is in RMB2.50 unit)
[carbon emission reduction calculates (1,000 meter)]
1. every switching station communicating battery every day group: 60 ~ 80 train numbers, in average 70 train numbers; Electric battery endurance: 200 kilometers.
2. general automobile per 100 km fuel consumption: about 10 liters, 200 kilometric fuel consumption per: about 20 liters; Every day saved amount of gasoline by every switching station: Isosorbide-5-Nitrae 00 liter.
3. zero-emission save often liter of gasoline subtract carbon amounts: 0.627 kilogram; Every battery-exchange station saves the carbon emission reduction amount of Isosorbide-5-Nitrae 00 liter of gasoline every day: 877.8 kilograms.
The carbon emission reduction amount of 4.1,000 battery-exchange station every day: 877,800 kilograms.
[electric battery switching station operational mode]
Battery-exchange station 20 (referring to Fig. 2), as gasoline car refuelling station, this battery-exchange station is sold " electricity " and " service " (as shown in Figure 4), consumer need not oneself charging can be controlled to monitor to charge in rest area 21 by battery charging and discharging, can avoid the puzzlement of setting " charging station " and " charging column " and charge the time waited for.And the exchange of automatic battery is provided in conjunction with ID card, and paid by induction installation 22 of paying by electric capacity difference ratio in conjunction with identification system.User need not be tired of, without the life problems of battery for the charging of battery and maintenance.And the charging system of this battery-exchange station own, adopt diversification charging modes (electrical network, sun power or wind generator system).For the battery of standard below standard after capacitance fall-off, secondary energy can be made and reclaim (as shown in Figure 3), mainly movable type (rechargeable battery 30) and the complementary control system 31 of scene (green energy) are combined process, to provide the occasion of AC load 32 or DC load 33 to use, to reach the object that secondary energy reclaim.