A kind of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land and preparation method thereofTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Agricultural Fertilizer in agriculture field, be specifically related to a kind of special fertilizer for saltings and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Salting of soil and Secondary Saline problem worldwide extensively exist, particularly arid, semiarid zone, and problem is even more serious.According to UNESCO and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, saltings, whole world area is 9.54 hundred million hm2.According to statistics, global saltings is with annual 1.0 × 106~ 1.5 × 106hm2speed increase.Salting of soil and Secondary Saline problem, become the resource constraints of world's Irrigation farming Sustainable development.
The saline-alkali soil resource of China is many and widely distributed, and according to Second National overall survey of soil data presentation, the Chinese saline soil total area about reaches 3,600 ten thousand hm2, account for that the whole nation can utilize soil 4.88%.Arable land medium salting area reaches 920.9 ten thousand hm2, account for 6.62% of national cultivated area.Mainly be distributed in northwest, northeast, North China and coastland, and type is various.
The area of saltings distribution all belongs to Plain and basin, and landform is smooth, soil layer is deep, be suitable for tractor-ploughing, have soil fertility, is exactly an appreciable land resources once improvement.Along with the contradiction of the increase of China's population and the minimizing shortage of resources in soil and ecological degeneration is more and more outstanding, people are alleviated crisis to development and utilization saltings and are more and more paid attention to.
A large amount of agricultural crop straws is produced, a large amount of feces of livestock and poultry that aquaculture produces, the wood chip that production and processing industries produces, rice husk, bagasse and bacterium slag the like waste in agriculture production.These wastes are all containing the organic matter useful to the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil, and wide material sources, cheap.
Develop saltings not only can bring more land under cultivation, increase yield per unit, thus improve total output of grain, alleviate crisis in food; And can green coverage be expanded, improvement ecotope, improve people's life.Along with alkaline land improving utilizes the raising of technology, people can also obtain various industrial chemicals, food and fuel from saltings.
In order to improve saltings, Appropriate application work, agricultural wastes resource, develop a kind of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land with agriculture and industry waste being main raw material is made and become particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land and preparation method thereof, to reach the effect in effectively improvement saltings.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land, described fertilizer comprises weathered coal, microbiobacterial agent, farm manure, stalk, phosphogypsum, ferrous sulfate, vinasse, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
Further preferably, in described fertilizer, the mass fraction of various composition is: furfural dregs 10 ~ 15 parts, weathered coal 5 ~ 15 parts, microbiobacterial agent 0.3 ~ 1 part, feces of livestock and poultry 6 ~ 12 parts, stalk 15 ~ 30 parts, edible fungi residues 5 ~ 10 parts, 0.2 ~ 0.5 part, ferrous sulfate, desulfurated plaster 15 ~ 25 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5 ~ 10 parts, changing food waste output object 5 ~ 10 parts.
Further preferably, in described fertilizer, the mass fraction of various composition is: furfural dregs 12 ~ 14 parts, weathered coal 7 ~ 12 parts, microbiobacterial agent 0.5 ~ 0.7 part, feces of livestock and poultry 8 ~ 10 parts, stalk 20 ~ 25 parts, edible fungi residues 6 ~ 9 parts, 0.3 ~ 0.4 part, ferrous sulfate, desulfurated plaster 18 ~ 22 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 6 ~ 9 parts, changing food waste output object 6 ~ 9 parts.
Further preferably, described weathered coal is the acid weathered coal containing humic acid 60%, pH4.7.
Further preferably, described microbiobacterial agent is EM composite fungus agent.
Further preferably, described feces of livestock and poultry is cow dung, chicken manure or the two mixture.
Further preferably, described stalk is the stalk of corn or peanut.
Further preferably, described edible fungi residues is flat mushroom, needle mushroom or Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag.
A preparation method for fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land, takes various raw material in proportion, and prepares described fertilizer according to the following steps:
S1: stalk, edible fungi residues are mixed with feces of livestock and poultry, adds ferrous sulfate and microbiobacterial agent ferments;
S2: add weathered coal, desulfurated plaster, the peat composed of rotten mosses, furfural dregs, changing food waste output object in mixture in step S1, carry out mixing granulation, obtain described fertilizer for saline-alkaline field.
The invention provides a kind of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land and preparation method thereof, its beneficial effect mainly had is:
1. the sodium ion on the calcium ion replaceable salt affected soil colloid contained by desulfurated plaster and the content of soil exchangeable sodium ion is reduced, thus reduce soil sodium basicity.Leading ion in soil colloid is by Na+become Ca2+after, the formation of soil aggregate can be promoted, reduce the soil weight, increase soil water permeability, promote desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, reach the object in improvement saltings.
2. the activity of weathered coal humic acid to Soil Microorganism has promoter action.Be that soil azotobacter is significantly increased on the one hand, the content of nitrate obviously increased, has enriched the nitrogen nutrition of soil, improved the nutritional condition of crop root; On the other hand, use the quantity increase that humic acid makes aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, be conducive to accelerating organic mineralising, promote the release of nutritive element; Weathered coal humic acid can promote the formation of soil aggregate; Hydroxyl in weathered coal humic acid, the carboxyl calcium ion generation aggregation easily and in soil, then the crumb structure of soil is just defined by the physiological action of root system of plant.When the crumb structure of soil improves, its unit weight reduces, voidage increases, thus possesses good permeability.Because humic acid is a kind of macromolecular acidic substance, the pH value of saline-alkali soil can be reduced by acid-base neutralisation and exchange interaction, reduce exchangeable sodium ion, reach the effect of administering saltings.
Embodiment
A kind of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land described in the embodiment of the present invention and preparation method thereof, illustrates embodiment for specific experiment case below, should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The formula of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land of the present invention: furfural dregs 10 parts, weathered coal 5 parts, microbiobacterial agent 0.3 part, feces of livestock and poultry 6 parts, stalk 15 parts, edible fungi residues 5 parts, 0.2 part, ferrous sulfate, desulfurated plaster 15 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5 parts, changing food waste output object 5 parts.Wherein said microorganism comprises vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, zymophyte and photosynthetic bacterium; Described farm manure is cow dung and chicken manure.
The preparation method of above-mentioned fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land comprises the following steps:
S1: stalk, edible fungi residues are mixed with feces of livestock and poultry, adds ferrous sulfate and microbiobacterial agent ferments.
S2: add weathered coal, desulfurated plaster, the peat composed of rotten mosses, furfural dregs, changing food waste output object in mixture in step S1, carries out mixing granulation and obtains fertiliser granulates.
During concrete use, the fertiliser granulates obtained in step S2 can coordinate the inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer to be uniformly mixed rear use, can supplement the nitrogen in soil, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, etc. multiple element, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer can select granular urea, ammonium sulfate, the optional bone meal of phosphate fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, the optional potassium sulfate of potash fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
The formula of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land of the present invention: furfural dregs 15 parts, weathered coal 15 parts, microbiobacterial agent 1 part, feces of livestock and poultry 12 parts, stalk 30 parts, edible fungi residues 10 parts, 0.5 part, ferrous sulfate, desulfurated plaster 25 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 10 parts, changing food waste output object 10 parts.Wherein said microorganism comprises vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, zymophyte and photosynthetic bacterium, and described farm manure is chicken manure.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1 with using method.
Embodiment 3
The formula of fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land of the present invention: furfural dregs 13 parts, weathered coal 12 parts, microbiobacterial agent 0.8 part, feces of livestock and poultry 10 parts, stalk 25 parts, edible fungi residues 8 parts, 0.4 part, ferrous sulfate, desulfurated plaster 22 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 8 parts, changing food waste output object 8 parts.Described microorganism comprises vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, zymophyte and photosynthetic bacterium, and described farm manure is cow dung.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1 with using method.
Fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land described in embodiment 1 ~ 3 is applied in the saltings of Lijin County, Dongying city and tests, this experimental field edaphic condition be: soil salt content 4 ‰, soil pH is 8.5, and soil organic matter content is 6.5g/kg, basicity 9.8%.Rate of fertilizer is 80kg/ mu, turns over rotary cultivator, makes improvement fertilizer and waits that improveing alkaline land soil fully contacts.Pour water after fertilising, and water yield infiltration should be greater than the dark soil layer of 20cm.Measure 0 ~ 20cm soil layer after 1 year, soil pH, basicity all have reduction, and organic content increases, and specific targets are in table 1.
Table 1
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| pH | 8.3 | 8.25 | 8.2 |
| Organic (g/kg) | 8.2 | 8.6 | 9.0 |
| Basicity (%) | 6.3 | 6.3 | 5.8 |
In the present invention, crushed stalk particle plays loosing soil effect, makes soil be unlikely to harden, and impels Zinc fractions crumb structure.Feces of livestock and poultry can play chessom and increase the effect of water retention, makes soil be unlikely to harden, promotes the formation of soil aggregate.In feces of livestock and poultry, add sulfuric acid Asia, be that the volatile salt that volatilization loss easily occurs changes into the more stable ammonium sulfate of character, thus effectively suppresses nitrogen loss in order to make character unstable.The peat composed of rotten mosses, containing abundant various element such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese, is the organic substance of pure natural, and it is a kind of green matter of aseptic, nontoxic, nuisanceless, pollution-free, noresidue.And can recover and improve the ability of the water holding of soil, ventilation and fertilizer conservation, can have additional nutrients again composition.After edible fungi residues is manured into soil; the physico-chemical property of soil can also be improved further, increase soil organic matter content, promote formation and the conversion of agron and granule group; strengthen the growth of retention ability and permeability and stimulation rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing microorganism, improve soil water-retaining performance and soil fertility.Microorganism can produce glucide, and with plant mucilage, mineral idiosome and organic colloid combine, and can improve soil aggregate, strengthens the physicals of soil and reduces the loss of soil particle, promoting soil and store fertilizer, water retention capacity.Under certain conditions, the formation of soil ulmin can also be participated in.Sodium ion on calcium ion replaceable salt affected soil colloid contained by desulfurated plaster and the content of soil exchangeable sodium ion is reduced, thus reduce soil sodium basicity.Leading ion in soil colloid is by Na+become Ca2+after, the formation of soil aggregate can be promoted, reduce the soil weight, increase soil water permeability, promote desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, reach the object in improvement saltings.The activity of weathered coal humic acid to Soil Microorganism has promoter action.Be that soil azotobacter is significantly increased on the one hand, the content of nitrate obviously increased, has enriched the nitrogen nutrition of soil, improved the nutritional condition of crop root; On the other hand, use the quantity increase that humic acid makes aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, be conducive to accelerating organic mineralising, promote the release of nutritive element.Weathered coal humic acid can promote the formation of soil aggregate.Hydroxyl in humic acid, the carboxyl calcium ion generation aggregation easily and in soil, then the crumb structure of soil is just defined by the physiological action of root system of plant.When the crumb structure of soil improves, its unit weight reduces, voidage increases, thus possesses good permeability.Because humic acid is a kind of macromolecular acidic substance, the pH value of saline-alkali soil can be reduced by acid-base neutralisation and exchange interaction, reduce exchangeable sodium ion, reach the effect of administering saltings.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, anyone for the present invention any modification done under enlightenment of the present invention or change, and every have identical with the application or akin technical scheme, all drops within protection scope of the present invention.