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CN105422170B - Middle deep goaf grouting reinforcing and processing method under a kind of building foundation - Google Patents

Middle deep goaf grouting reinforcing and processing method under a kind of building foundation
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CN105422170B
CN105422170BCN201510738353.6ACN201510738353ACN105422170BCN 105422170 BCN105422170 BCN 105422170BCN 201510738353 ACN201510738353 ACN 201510738353ACN 105422170 BCN105422170 BCN 105422170B
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grouting
slip casting
goaf
rock
hole
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刘增辉
冯英华
娄嵩
李慧宗
张若飞
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Shanxi Zhuran Mining Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明提供一种建筑基础下中深采空区注浆加固处理方法,该方法主要包括:由计算确定注浆边界范围和注水试验确定注浆钻孔深度、注浆钻孔、注浆泵、注浆杆,封孔器组成,由理论计算和注水试验确定注浆边界范围,设计了注浆参数及工艺,注浆加固效果质量检测及沉降监测。解决的问题是:发明了一种适用于煤矿采空区上的建筑地基处理方法。发明的特征在于:通过查阅开采和地质资料,由理论计算注浆范围;注水试验确定注浆钻孔深度;设计相应的注浆参数,选择注浆设备,确定注浆工艺;注浆施工结束1个月后对钻探取芯对注浆体质量检测和地表变形监测。本发明的有益效果在于:加固建筑下部煤矿采空区破坏岩层及松散岩石,有效控制采空区上部覆岩残余移动变形,保证建筑正常使用。

The invention provides a grouting reinforcement treatment method for medium-deep mined-out areas under building foundations. The method mainly includes: determining the grouting boundary range by calculation and water injection test to determine the grouting drilling depth, grouting drilling, grouting pump, It consists of a grouting rod and a hole sealing device. The grouting boundary range is determined by theoretical calculation and water injection test, the grouting parameters and process are designed, the quality inspection of the grouting reinforcement effect and the settlement monitoring are carried out. The problem to be solved is: to invent a building foundation treatment method suitable for the coal mine goaf. The invention is characterized in that: by consulting mining and geological data, the grouting range is theoretically calculated; the water injection test determines the grouting drilling depth; the corresponding grouting parameters are designed, the grouting equipment is selected, and the grouting process is determined; the grouting construction is completed within 1 After one month, drill cores, check the quality of grouting bodies and monitor surface deformation. The invention has the beneficial effects of: strengthening the coal mine goaf at the lower part of the building to destroy rock formations and loose rocks, effectively controlling the movement and deformation of the residual overlying rock at the upper part of the goaf, and ensuring the normal use of the building.

Description

Translated fromChinese
一种建筑基础下中深采空区注浆加固处理方法A grouting reinforcement treatment method for medium-deep gobs under building foundations

技术领域technical field

本发明属于矿山地质灾害治理的一种方法,适用于建筑地基下超过30m埋深有煤矿采空区需要加固处理。The invention belongs to a method for controlling geological disasters in mines, and is applicable to goafs in coal mines with a buried depth of more than 30m under building foundations that need to be reinforced.

背景技术Background technique

地下矿产资源被开采后,对于形成的采空区处理方法主要有充填法、留设矿柱支撑法、顶板垮落法等。为了能充分回收资源,充填法在贵重或稀有金属矿产资源的开采中处理采空区使用的比较多,但充填体强度越高充填成本相应越高,即使采用充填法开采贵重或稀有金属矿产资源,充填体的围岩仍有变形破坏;在采空区留设矿柱支撑顶板岩体破坏,但随着开采扰动、地下水或岩石流变,矿柱的强度会降低,甚至破坏;顶板垮落法在煤矿开采中处理采空区比较普遍,即煤炭资源开采后,顶板岩层垮落,形成“三带”:冒落带、裂隙带和弯曲下沉带,在水文条件、地质条件、开采扰动、地形等多种因素综合影响下引起岩层和地表移动,造成道路开裂下沉,房屋倒塌等一系列岩土工程问题。After underground mineral resources are mined, there are mainly filling methods, pillar support methods, and roof caving methods for the formed goaf. In order to fully recover resources, the filling method is often used to deal with goafs in the mining of precious or rare metal mineral resources, but the higher the strength of the filling body, the higher the filling cost, even if the filling method is used to mine precious or rare metal mineral resources , the surrounding rock of the filling body is still deformed and damaged; pillars are left in the goaf to support the damage of the roof rock mass, but with mining disturbances, groundwater or rock rheology, the strength of the pillars will be reduced or even destroyed; the roof will collapse The method is more common in coal mining to deal with gobs, that is, after the mining of coal resources, the roof stratum collapses to form "three zones": the caving zone, the fissure zone and the bending subsidence zone. Under the comprehensive influence of multiple factors such as landforms and topography, rock formations and surface movement are caused, resulting in a series of geotechnical engineering problems such as road cracks and sinking, house collapses, etc.

目前对采空区处理主要有两个方面:一方面是采用绿色开采理论指导生产,即在开采设计及生成过程中对采空区进行处理,但由于开采成本、绿色开采理论的认识、环境观念等原因,该理论不能得到有效的推广。另一方面是对局部采空区注浆减沉处理,即对影响工程地基基础的部分采空区进行注浆加固,如专利(申请号:2015101306536)公开了一种采空区注浆法施工工艺,专利(申请号:2015103374519)公开了一种采空区快速注浆系统;专利(申请号:2015103369690)公开了一种采空区快速注浆系统的注浆工艺;专利(申请号:2011102394042)公开了公路采空区注浆处治方法;专利(申请号:2010101381426)公开了高速公路下伏采空区注浆投沙时浆液的制备方法。At present, there are two main aspects to deal with goafs: one is to use green mining theory to guide production, that is, to deal with goafs in the process of mining design and generation, but due to mining costs, understanding of green mining theory, and environmental concepts For reasons such as this, the theory cannot be effectively promoted. On the other hand, it is the grouting treatment for local gobs, that is, grouting reinforcement for some goafs that affect the foundation of the project. For example, the patent (application number: 2015101306536) discloses a goaf grouting method Process, patent (application number: 2015103374519) discloses a rapid grouting system for gobs; patent (application number: 2015103369690) discloses a grouting process for goaf rapid grouting systems; ) discloses a treatment method for grouting in goafs of highways; the patent (application number: 2010101381426) discloses a method for preparing grout during grouting and sand casting in goafs under expressways.

这些专利技术在采空区注浆的工艺和设备均对采空区造成岩土工程问题提出了各种解决方法,但采空区造成的岩层移动和覆岩破坏有其自身规律,对采空区注浆应该利用这些岩层移动规律,提高注浆减沉效果。The technology and equipment of these patented technologies for grouting in the goaf have proposed various solutions to the geotechnical problems caused by the goaf. Area grouting should take advantage of these rock movement laws to improve the effect of grouting to reduce settlement.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于煤矿采空区上的建筑地基处理方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of building foundation processing method applicable to coal mine goaf.

为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:For realizing the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:

一种建筑基础下中深采空区注浆加固处理方法由注浆钻孔,注浆泵、注浆杆,封孔器组成,由理论计算确定注浆边界和注浆深度的范围,设计了注浆参数及工艺,注浆加固效果质量检测及沉降监测。A grouting reinforcement treatment method for medium-deep gobs under building foundations consists of grouting drill holes, grouting pumps, grouting rods, and hole sealing devices. The range of grouting boundaries and grouting depths is determined by theoretical calculations. Grouting parameters and process, quality inspection of grouting reinforcement effect and settlement monitoring.

注浆外排孔和基础外侧之间的水平距离计算公式:The formula for calculating the horizontal distance between the grouting drainage holes and the outside of the foundation:

L1=l+l1;L2=l+l2L1 =l+l1 ; L2 =l+l2

式中:L1—基础外侧到矿体浅部注浆孔的水平距离,m;L2—基础外侧到矿体深部注浆孔的水平距离,m;l—基础外侧表土段水平距离,m;l1—基础外侧基岩段矿体浅部水平距离,m;l2—基础外侧基岩段矿体深部水平距离,m;HA—矿体浅部埋深,m;HB—矿体深部埋深,m;h—表土埋深,m;—表土段移动角,取45°;α—矿体平均倾角,°;γ—基岩段岩层移动角,取75°。In the formula: L1 —horizontal distance from the outside of the foundation to the grouting hole in the shallow part of the ore body, m; L2 —the horizontal distance from the outside of the foundation to the grouting hole in the deep part of the ore body, m; l—the horizontal distance from the surface soil section outside the foundation, m ; l1 —horizontal distance of the shallow part of the ore body in the bedrock section outside the foundation, m; l2 —horizontal distance in depth of the ore body in the bedrock section outside the foundation, m; HA - buried depth of shallow part of ore body, m; HB - buried depth of deep part of ore body, m; h - buried depth of topsoil, m; —Movement angle of topsoil section, take 45°; α—average dip angle of ore body, °; γ—movement angle of bedrock section, take 75°.

采空区的治理长度、厚度及治理宽度等是以《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》为验算依据。The control length, thickness and control width of the goaf are based on the "Regulations for Coal Pillar Retention and Coal Pressure Mining in Buildings, Water Bodies, Railways and Main Shafts" as the basis for checking and calculation.

注浆深度计算公式:Grouting depth calculation formula:

h+(H-H-H)≤H≤h+(H-H)h+(HRock -HCrack- HCap )≤HNote≤h +(HRock -HCap )

式中:h—表土厚度,m;H—岩层总厚度,m;H—裂隙带高度,m;H—冒落带高度,m;其中,裂隙带高度和冒落带高度依据《采矿工程设计手册》计算确定。In the formula: h—thickness of topsoil, m; Hrock —total thickness of rock strata, m; Hcrack —height of fissure zone, m; H—height ofcaving zone, m; among them, the height of fissure zone and height of caving zone are based on " Calculated and determined in Mining Engineering Design Manual.

注水试验使用注浆泵、注浆管路和封孔器式注浆管分段注水确定注浆钻孔深度,注水压力为常压,根据钻孔注水量的失水速度判断采空区顶板裂隙带高度。In the water injection test, the grouting pump, the grouting pipeline and the hole sealer type grouting pipe are used to inject water in sections to determine the depth of the grouting drilling. with height.

采空区埋深小于50m的压力可控制在2.0MPa,采空区埋深大于50m的控制在1MPa;②注浆施工:浆液的稠度为先稀后稠,注浆孔采用连续注浆和间歇注浆相结合的方法,采空区注浆采用孔底注浆法和分层注浆,从外围钻孔向建筑物基础方向依次注浆;③设计采用似法兰盘止浆法进行止浆;④注浆孔间距为30-50m;⑤注浆材料选用水泥和粉煤灰材料;⑥设计要求浆液结实体单轴抗压强度大于3MPa;The pressure in the goaf with a buried depth of less than 50m can be controlled at 2.0MPa, and the pressure in the goaf with a buried depth of more than 50m can be controlled at 1MPa. The method of combining grouting, the gob grouting adopts the hole bottom grouting method and layered grouting, and the grouting is sequentially grouted from the peripheral drilling to the building foundation; ; ④ The grouting hole spacing is 30-50m; ⑤ The grouting material is cement and fly ash; ⑥ The design requires that the uniaxial compressive strength of the grouted body is greater than 3MPa;

注浆范围—设计注浆参数—施工注浆孔—建立注浆站—注浆系统耐压试验—钻孔冲洗及压水试验—制浆注浆—观测孔注浆工艺—观测与记录—注浆结束后的压水试验—关闭注浆系 统—提取注浆塞—封孔—分析注浆效果。Grouting range—design grouting parameters—construction grouting hole—establishment of grouting station—pressure test of grouting system—drilling flushing and water pressure test—grouting grouting—observation hole grouting process—observation and record—injection Pressurized water test after grouting - closing the grouting system - extracting the grouting plug - sealing the hole - analyzing the grouting effect.

注浆施工结束1个月后对注浆质量检测,钻探取芯与室内试验,要求浆液结实体单轴抗压强度大于3MPa;地表变形监测周期应从施工前一个月持续到完工后1~2年。One month after the completion of the grouting construction, check the grouting quality, drill cores and indoor tests, and require the uniaxial compressive strength of the grouted body to be greater than 3MPa; the monitoring period for surface deformation should last from one month before construction to 1 to 2 years after completion .

本发明的有益技术效果在于:(1)结合资源开采覆岩运动理论确定了注浆范围和注浆工艺;(2)浆液充填了采空区冒落矸石空隙及覆岩离层空间,防治了资源开采造成破坏地层的进一步下沉;(3)提高建筑物地基的整体稳定性和抗变形能力。The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: (1) the grouting range and the grouting process are determined in combination with the overburden rock movement theory in resource mining; Resource extraction causes further subsidence of the damaged stratum; (3) Improve the overall stability and deformation resistance of the building foundation.

本发明使用于以下类型采空区上建筑物地基加固处理:The present invention is used for the reinforcement treatment of building foundations in the following types of goafs:

(1)穿过有采空区地表沉降的公路、铁路;(2)采空区上不能搬迁的建筑物;(3)受采空区影响的水利工程设施。(1) Roads and railways passing through the goaf with surface settlement; (2) Buildings on the goaf that cannot be relocated; (3) Water conservancy engineering facilities affected by the goaf.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1采空区注浆设备布置及注浆工艺示意图。Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of grouting equipment layout and grouting process in goaf.

图2注浆钻孔平面布置示意图。Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of grouting drilling plane layout.

图3采空区注浆效果示意图。Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of grouting effect in goaf.

图4注浆效果地表沉降监测示意图。Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of surface settlement monitoring for grouting effect.

图5注浆管示意图。Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the grouting pipe.

图中:1-注浆泵站 2-注浆管路 3-建筑地基范围 4-注浆管路 5-注浆泵站 6-表土层及基岩层 7-弯曲下沉带 8-裂隙带 9-冒落带 10-煤层底板岩层 11-注浆加固体 12-沉降监测仪 13-沉降监测桩 2-1a-注浆钻孔 2-2a-输浆管 2-3a-上封孔器 2-4a-封孔器注液管 2-5a-封孔器封闭段钻孔 2-6a-注浆管 2-7a-下封孔器 2-8a-导向杆 2-1b-注浆钻孔 2-2b-输浆管 2-3b-注浆花管In the figure: 1-grouting pump station 2-grouting pipeline 3-building foundation range 4-grouting pipeline 5-grouting pumping station 6-surface soil layer and bedrock layer 7-curved subsidence zone 8-crack zone 9 - Caving zone 10- Coal seam floor rock 11- Grouting reinforcement 12- Settlement monitor 13- Settlement monitoring pile 2-1a- Grouting drilling 2-2a- Grouting pipe 2-3a- Upper hole sealing device 2- 4a-Sealer liquid injection pipe 2-5a-Sealer closed section drilling 2-6a-Injection pipe 2-7a-Lower sealer 2-8a-Guide rod 2-1b-Gouting drilling 2- 2b-grouting pipe 2-3b-grouting flower pipe

具体实施方式Detailed ways

资料收集和调查:对矿山的水文地质资料、资源赋存条件,开采设计、开采方法、开采工艺、采空区处理方式的资料收集;现场调查井下开采状况和地表沉降测量数据。Data collection and investigation: data collection of mine hydrogeological data, resource occurrence conditions, mining design, mining methods, mining technology, and goaf treatment methods; on-site investigation of underground mining conditions and surface subsidence measurement data.

加固方案:采空区埋深小于30m地基加固处理,可以采用强夯、开挖回填、桩基础、注浆、网格板等方法;采空区埋深大于30m地基加固处理采用注浆充填。Reinforcement scheme: The foundation reinforcement treatment of the goaf is less than 30m, and methods such as dynamic compaction, excavation and backfill, pile foundation, grouting, grid plate, etc. can be used; the foundation reinforcement treatment of the goaf is greater than 30m by grouting filling.

注浆范围确定:根据调查和收集资料,通过理论计算确定注浆外排孔(2-1A、2-2A、2-3A、4-1A、4-2A、4-3A)和基础(3)外侧之间的水平距离和注浆深度,初步加固范围;当收集和调查的资料缺失,则采用注水试验确定裂隙带(8)高度。Determination of the grouting range: According to the investigation and collected data, determine the grouting drainage holes (2-1A, 2-2A, 2-3A, 4-1A, 4-2A, 4-3A) and the foundation (3) through theoretical calculations The horizontal distance between the outer sides and the grouting depth, and the preliminary reinforcement range; when the data collected and investigated are missing, the water injection test is used to determine the height of the fracture zone (8).

注浆参数设计:采空区埋深小于50m的压力可控制在2.0MPa,采空区埋深大于50m的 控制在1MPa;注浆孔(2-1A和2-2A、2-1A和2-1B)间距为30-50m;注浆材料选用水泥和粉煤灰材料,设计要求浆液结实体单轴抗压强度大于3MPa;Grouting parameter design: the pressure of goafs buried less than 50m can be controlled at 2.0MPa, and the pressure of goafs buried deeper than 50m can be controlled at 1MPa; grouting holes (2-1A and 2-2A, 2-1A and 2- 1B) The spacing is 30-50m; the grouting material is cement and fly ash, and the design requires the uniaxial compressive strength of the grout to be greater than 3MPa;

注浆施工工艺:浆液的稠度为先稀后稠,注浆孔(2、4)采用连续注浆和间歇注浆相结合的方法,采空区注浆冒落带(9)范围采用孔底注浆法或岩层离层范围采用分段注浆,从外围钻孔(2-1A、2-2A、2-3A、4-1A、4-2A、4-3A)向建筑物基础(3)方向依次注浆;孔底注浆法:即注浆管先插入孔底,然后边注边往上拔,直至注满全孔,不能从上部直接注浆;分层注浆:采用封孔器式注浆管(2-6a)的上下两个封孔器(2-3a、2-7a)将钻孔中一段分离通过注浆段(2-5a)给相互离层的岩层注浆,实现定点注浆。根据注浆压力变化确定注浆结束,先释放下封孔器(2-3a、2-7a)的膨胀液,再释放上封孔器(2-3a、2-7a)的膨胀液,由孔底向孔口依次移动封孔器式注浆管(2-6a)到下一段相互离层的岩层注浆;设计采用似法兰盘止浆法进行止浆。Grouting construction technology: the consistency of the grout is first thin and then thick. The grouting holes (2, 4) adopt the method of combining continuous grouting and intermittent grouting. The grouting method or the rock layer separation range adopts segmental grouting, from the peripheral drilling (2-1A, 2-2A, 2-3A, 4-1A, 4-2A, 4-3A) to the building foundation (3) The directions are grouted sequentially; hole bottom grouting method: that is, the grouting pipe is inserted into the bottom of the hole first, and then pulled up while pouring until the whole hole is filled, and grouting cannot be done directly from the top; layered grouting: use a hole sealer The upper and lower two hole sealers (2-3a, 2-7a) of the type grouting pipe (2-6a) separate a section in the borehole and grout the rock formations separated from each other through the grouting section (2-5a), realizing Spot grouting. According to the change of grouting pressure to determine the end of grouting, release the expansion fluid of the lower hole sealer (2-3a, 2-7a) first, and then release the expansion fluid of the upper hole sealer (2-3a, 2-7a), from the hole The hole sealer type grouting pipe (2-6a) is moved sequentially from the bottom to the orifice to inject grout into the next section of the rock formation separated from each other; the design adopts the flange-like grouting method to stop the grouting.

注浆范围—设计注浆参数—施工注浆孔—建立注浆站—注浆系统耐压试验—钻孔冲洗及压水试验—制浆注浆—观测孔注浆工艺—观测与记录—注浆结束后的压水试验—关闭注浆系统—提取注浆塞—封孔—分析注浆效果。Grouting range—design grouting parameters—construction grouting hole—establishment of grouting station—pressure test of grouting system—drilling flushing and water pressure test—grouting grouting—observation hole grouting process—observation and record—injection Pressurized water test after grouting - closing the grouting system - extracting the grouting plug - sealing the hole - analyzing the grouting effect.

注浆效果评估:注浆施工结束1个月后对注浆质量检测,钻探取芯与室内试验,要求浆液结实体单轴抗压强度不低于3MPa;地表变形监测周期应从施工前一个月持续到完工后1~2年。Evaluation of grouting effect: one month after the completion of grouting construction, check the grouting quality, drill cores and indoor tests, and require the uniaxial compressive strength of the grouted body to be not less than 3MPa; the monitoring period of the surface deformation should last from one month before the construction 1 to 2 years after completion.

以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的工程技术人员在本发明的技术范围内,可做一些变换,如注浆范围计算方法、注浆工艺、注浆材料等,都应该作为侵犯本发明的保护范围。因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto, and any engineering technicians familiar with the technical field can make some changes within the technical scope of the present invention, such as the scope of grouting Calculation methods, grouting techniques, grouting materials, etc. should all be regarded as infringing on the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (1)

(4) grouting parameter:1. grouting pressure:Pressure of the goaf buried depth less than 50m is controlled in 2.0MPa, and goaf buried depth is more thanThe control of 50m is in 1MPa;2. mortar depositing construction:The consistency of slurries is that first dilute rear thick, injected hole use continuous grouting and interval slip castingThe method being combined, goaf grouting use hole-bottom slurry-injection method and delamination pour slurry, from periphery drill to building basis direction according toSecondary slip casting;3. design stops slurry processes into whereabouts slurry using like ring flange;4. slip casting pitch of holes is 30-50m;5. injecting paste material selects waterMud and fly ash material;6. the solid body uniaxial compressive strength of design requirement slurries is more than 3MPa;
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