技术领域technical field
本发明涉及车辆和电力接收装置，并且更特别地，涉及一种能够提供电力给外部装置的车辆和一种能够从该车辆接收电力的电力接收装置。The present invention relates to a vehicle and a power receiving device, and more particularly, to a vehicle capable of supplying power to an external device and a power receiving device capable of receiving power from the vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
已经提出了一种在紧急情况时把车载电池的电力提供给家庭或外部负荷的外部电力供给系统，以及一种从外部电源提供电力给车辆的系统。There have been proposed an external power supply system that supplies electric power of an on-vehicle battery to households or external loads in an emergency, and a system that supplies electric power to a vehicle from an external power source.
作为这种技术的一个实例，例如，编号5126297的日本专利描述了一种电源管理系统，其管理从车辆提供给电气设备(facility)的电力。As an example of such technology, for example, Japanese Patent No. 5126297 describes a power management system that manages power supplied from a vehicle to electrical facilities.
作为另一个实例，编号5099281的日本专利描述了一种提取装置，其用于通过连接到用于给电池充电的充电入口而从车载电池提取电力给外部负荷。As another example, Japanese Patent No. 5099281 describes an extraction device for extracting power from an on-board battery to an external load by connecting to a charging inlet for charging the battery.
现有一般的不承担提供电力给外部装置的电动车辆(在下文中，称为仅充电车辆)，包括提供电力给车辆驱动电动机的电池，以及具有从外部装置给电池充电的入口。另一方面，如在编号5099281的日本专利中所述，还存在通过把提取装置连接到入口而能够在紧急等情况时从入口提供电力给外部负荷的车辆(在下文中，称为车辆至负荷(V2L)车辆)。而且，如在编号5126297的日本专利中所述，还存在能够提供电力给家庭的车辆(在下文中，称为车辆至家庭(V2H)车辆)，并且已经研究了车辆的入口被用于与家庭的连接。There is a general electric vehicle that does not undertake to supply electric power to external devices (hereinafter, referred to as a charging-only vehicle), includes a battery that supplies electric power to a vehicle drive motor, and has an inlet for charging the battery from an external device. On the other hand, as described in Japanese Patent No. 5099281, there is also a vehicle (hereinafter referred to as vehicle-to-load ( V2L) vehicles). Also, as described in Japanese Patent No. 5126297, there is also a vehicle capable of supplying electric power to a home (hereinafter, referred to as a vehicle-to-home (V2H) vehicle), and it has been studied that the entrance of the vehicle is used for communication with the home. connect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
通过这种方式，在其中诸如仅充电车辆、V2L车辆和V2H车辆的车辆是混合存在的，并且被连接到入口的物体也混合地包括充电连接器、作为上述提取装置的放电连接器、用于与家庭协作的连接器等的情况下，需要识别哪种类型被连接到设备侧和车辆侧这两侧。然而，如果每种连接器的形状被改变，在对三种类型的车辆共同的充电之时是不方便的，并且由于连接器类型的增加，在制造时、开发时等是复杂的。In this way, vehicles such as charging-only vehicles, V2L vehicles, and V2H vehicles exist mixedly, and the objects connected to the entrance also mixedly include charging connectors, discharging connectors as the above-mentioned extracting means, for In the case of a connector for home cooperation, etc., it is necessary to identify which type is connected to both the device side and the vehicle side. However, if the shape of each connector is changed, it is inconvenient at the time of common charging for three types of vehicles, and it is complicated at the time of manufacture, at the time of development, etc. due to the increase of connector types.
也可以设想，在车辆和设备之间执行通信，然而，如果增加了高性能的通信装置，成本也会增加。It is also conceivable that communication is performed between the vehicle and the equipment, however, if a high-performance communication device is added, the cost will also increase.
本发明提供了能够识别多种类型连接器的车辆和能够识别多种类型车辆的电力接收装置，同时抑制成本的增加，该连接器被连接到入口，该车辆能被连接到连接器。The present invention provides a vehicle capable of recognizing various types of connectors connected to an inlet and a power receiving device capable of recognizing various types of vehicles connected to the connector while suppressing an increase in cost.
本发明的第一方面提供了一种车辆。该车辆包括蓄电装置、入口、电力转换单元和ECU。入口被配置为当连接器被连接到该入口时馈送电力给外部装置或给蓄电装置充电。电力转换单元被配置为在该入口和蓄电装置之间交换电力。ECU被配置为：(a)基于经由该入口提供的第一信号，判定被连接到该入口的连接器是用于给蓄电装置充电的充电连接器，还是用于给外部装置馈送电力的放电连接器；(b)当该ECU判定该连接器是放电连接器时，基于经由该入口提供的第二信号，判定该放电连接器是用于给单个负荷馈送电力的电力提取连接器，还是用于给设备馈送电力的设备连接器；(c)基于对该连接器的判定，借助于该电力转换单元控制入口和蓄电装置之间的电力交换。A first aspect of the invention provides a vehicle. The vehicle includes a power storage device, an inlet, a power conversion unit, and an ECU. The inlet is configured to feed power to an external device or to charge an electric storage device when the connector is connected to the inlet. The power conversion unit is configured to exchange electric power between the inlet and the power storage device. The ECU is configured to: (a) determine, based on the first signal supplied via the inlet, whether the connector connected to the inlet is a charging connector for charging a power storage device or a discharge connector for feeding electric power to an external device connector; (b) when the ECU determines that the connector is a discharge connector, based on the second signal supplied via the inlet, determines whether the discharge connector is a power extraction connector for feeding power to a single load, or (c) based on the determination of the connector, controlling the power exchange between the inlet and the power storage device by means of the power conversion unit.
在根据本发明的第一方面的车辆中，第一信号可以是通过使用接近检测信号而被发送的，该接近检测信号被用于检测连接器被连接到入口。第二信号可以是通过使用控制引导信号而被发送的，该控制引导信号被用于在充电时向车辆外部的充电设备通知充电条件。In the vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention, the first signal may be transmitted by using an approach detection signal used to detect that the connector is connected to the inlet. The second signal may be transmitted by using a control pilot signal used to notify a charging device outside the vehicle of a charging condition at the time of charging.
在根据本发明的第一方面的车辆中，ECU可以被配置为：(d)当该ECU判定被连接到入口的连接器是电力提取连接器时，控制电力转换单元，以使电力以预定的上限电流从该入口被馈送；以及(e)当该ECU判定被连接到入口的连接器是设备连接器时，控制电力转换单元，以使电力以基于第二信号而确定的上限电流从该入口被馈送。In the vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention, the ECU may be configured to: (d) when the ECU determines that the connector connected to the inlet is a power extraction connector, control the power conversion unit so that the power is converted to a predetermined an upper limit current is fed from the inlet; and (e) when the ECU determines that the connector connected to the inlet is a device connector, controlling the power conversion unit so that power flows from the inlet with the upper limit current determined based on the second signal be fed.
在根据第一方面的车辆中，ECU可以被配置为：(f)当该ECU判定连接器为放电连接器时，控制电力转换单元，以使被输出到该连接器的电力端子的供应电压变为第一供应电压；以及(g)当该ECU此后进一步判定该放电连接器是设备连接器时，控制电力转换单元，以使被输出到该连接器的电力端子的供应电压从第一供应电压变化。In the vehicle according to the first aspect, the ECU may be configured to: (f) when the ECU determines that the connector is a discharge connector, control the power conversion unit so that the supply voltage output to the power terminal of the connector becomes is the first supply voltage; and (g) when the ECU thereafter further determines that the discharge connector is a device connector, controlling the power conversion unit so that the supply voltage output to the power terminal of the connector changes from the first supply voltage Variety.
本发明的第二方面提供了一种用于输出电力给车辆并且从该车辆接收电力的电力接收装置。该电力接收装置包括连接器、电路、供应电压检测器、以及ECU。该连接器被配置为连接到车辆的入口。该电路被配置为经由该连接器向车辆发送第一信号和第二信号。供应电压检测器被配置为检测从车辆提供给连接器的电力端子的电压的电平。该ECU被配置为：(h)在该供应电压检测器检测到从该车辆提供给该连接器的电力端子的电压为第一供应电压后，使该电路发送第二信号；(i)当该供应电压检测器检测到响应于第二信号，从该车辆被提供给该连接器的电力端子的电压已经从第一供应电压变化时，判定被连接到该连接器的车辆是能够给置于该车辆外部的设备馈送电力的车辆类型。A second aspect of the present invention provides a power receiving device for outputting electric power to and receiving electric power from a vehicle. The power receiving device includes a connector, a circuit, a supply voltage detector, and an ECU. The connector is configured to connect to an inlet of the vehicle. The circuit is configured to send a first signal and a second signal to the vehicle via the connector. The supply voltage detector is configured to detect the level of the voltage supplied from the vehicle to the power terminal of the connector. The ECU is configured to: (h) cause the circuit to transmit a second signal after the supply voltage detector detects that the voltage supplied from the vehicle to the power terminal of the connector is a first supply voltage; (i) when the When the supply voltage detector detects that the voltage supplied from the vehicle to the power terminal of the connector has changed from the first supply voltage in response to the second signal, it is determined that the vehicle connected to the connector can be supplied to the The type of vehicle that feeds electrical power to equipment external to the vehicle.
在根据本发明的第二方面的电力接收装置中，第一信号可以是通过使用接近检测信号而被发送的，并且第二信号是通过使用控制引导信号而被发送的，该接近检测信号被用于检测连接器被连接到入口，该控制引导信号被用于在充电时向车辆外部的充电设备通知充电条件。In the power receiving device according to the second aspect of the present invention, the first signal may be transmitted by using a proximity detection signal, and the second signal may be transmitted by using a control pilot signal, the proximity detection signal being transmitted by using Since the detection connector is connected to the inlet, the control pilot signal is used to notify a charging device outside the vehicle of a charging condition at the time of charging.
根据本发明的第二方面的电力接收装置可以进一步包括操作单元，其被配置为执行用于发送第一信号的操作。该电路可以包括第一电路和第二电路，该第一电路响应于该操作单元的操作而发送第一信号，该第二电路通过从振荡停止状态变为振荡状态来发送第二信号。The power receiving device according to the second aspect of the present invention may further include an operation unit configured to perform an operation for transmitting the first signal. The circuit may include a first circuit that transmits a first signal in response to an operation of the operation unit, and a second circuit that transmits a second signal by changing from an oscillation stop state to an oscillation state.
根据本发明，在公共的入口被使用时，车辆能够识别连接到该入口的多种类型的连接器，并且该电力接收装置能够识别能够连接到该连接器的多种类型的车辆是何种车辆。According to the present invention, when a common entrance is used, the vehicle can recognize various types of connectors connected to the entrance, and the power receiving device can recognize what kind of vehicles the various types of vehicles that can be connected to the connector are .
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点、以及技术和工业意义将在下面参照附图来描述，其中相同的数字表示相同的部件，并且其中：The features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals represent like parts, and in which:
图1是示出根据本发明的实施例的车辆和电力接收装置应用于的供电系统的结构的视图；1 is a view showing the structure of a power supply system to which a vehicle and a power receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention are applied;
图2是用于说明在V2H模式中直至从车辆到家庭的馈电开始的过程的概要的视图；2 is a view for explaining an outline of a process up to the start of power feeding from a vehicle to a home in a V2H mode;
图3是示出车辆的结构的框图；3 is a block diagram showing the structure of a vehicle;
图4是示出根据本实施例的车辆和电力站的示意结构的框图；FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle and a power station according to the present embodiment;
图5是示出车辆和电力站的与信号PISW、CPLT的产生相关联的部分结构的电路图；FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a partial structure of a vehicle and a power station associated with generation of signals PISW, CPLT;
图6是示出信号PISW的电位和连接状态之间的关系的实例的视图；6 is a view showing an example of the relationship between the potential of the signal PISW and the connection state;
图7是示出其中车辆的控制装置执行模式识别的过程的流程图；7 is a flowchart showing a process in which a control device of a vehicle performs pattern recognition;
图8是示出其中电力站的控制装置执行模式识别和识别车辆的过程的流程图；8 is a flowchart showing a process in which a control device of a power station performs pattern recognition and recognizes a vehicle;
图9是充电模式中的控制引导信号CPLT的波形图；FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram of the control pilot signal CPLT in the charging mode;
图10示出了V2H模式中的控制引导信号CPLT的波形图和连接信号PISW的波形图；FIG. 10 shows a waveform diagram of the control pilot signal CPLT and a waveform diagram of the connection signal PISW in the V2H mode;
图11是用于说明在与V2H模式兼容的车辆和与V2H模式兼容的电力站的组合中的控制实例的流程图(前半部分)；11 is a flowchart (first half) for explaining a control example in a combination of a vehicle compatible with the V2H mode and a power station compatible with the V2H mode;
图12是用于说明在与V2H模式兼容的车辆和与V2H模式兼容的电力站的组合中的控制实例的流程图(后半部分)。12 is a flowchart (second half) for explaining a control example in a combination of a vehicle compatible with the V2H mode and a power station compatible with the V2H mode.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在下文中，本发明的实施例将参照附图被详细描述。相同的附图标记表示附图中相同或相应的部件，并且对它们的描述将不再重复。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals denote the same or corresponding components in the drawings, and their descriptions will not be repeated.
图1是示出被应用根据本发明的实施例的车辆和电力接收装置的供电系统的结构的视图。如图1所示，该供电系统包括车辆100和电力站200。FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of a power supply system to which a vehicle and a power receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention are applied. As shown in FIG. 1 , the power supply system includes a vehicle 100 and a power station 200 .
车辆100包括入口60。充电/放电连接器220和车辆电力连接器(VPC)220A中的一者被允许连接到入口60。Vehicle 100 includes an inlet 60 . One of charge/discharge connector 220 and vehicle power connector (VPC) 220A is allowed to be connected to inlet 60 .
VPC 220A对应于在编号5099281的日本专利中所描述的提取装置。当该VPC 220A被连接到车辆的入口60时，从车辆100提供给负荷310的电力被允许提取。负荷310是，例如，AC 100V和上限15A的负荷，以及是电饭锅，或诸如此类。通过连接该VPC 220A，需要的负荷被允许使用，例如，在紧急情况中，例如电力故障或当访问某个没有户外电源的地方。馈电开关222A被设置在VPC 220A中。通过操作该馈电开关222A，用户被允许使车辆100开始给负荷馈电。The VPC 220A corresponds to the extraction device described in Japanese Patent No. 5099281. When this VPC 220A is connected to the inlet 60 of the vehicle, electric power supplied to the load 310 from the vehicle 100 is allowed to be extracted. The load 310 is, for example, a load of AC 100V and upper limit 15A, and is a rice cooker, or the like. By connecting the VPC 220A, required loads are allowed to be used, for example, in emergency situations such as power failure or when visiting a place without outdoor power supply. A feed switch 222A is provided in the VPC 220A. By operating this feed switch 222A, the user is allowed to cause the vehicle 100 to start feeding the load.
电力站200包括选择器开关210。该选择器开关210是这样的开关：用于选择是使该电力站200以充电模式执行操作，还是使该电力站200以V2H模式执行操作，在该充电模式中，车辆的电池被充电，在该V2H模式中，从车辆接收电力的供给。The power station 200 includes a selector switch 210 . The selector switch 210 is a switch for selecting whether to make the electric power station 200 perform an operation in a charging mode, or to make the electric power station 200 perform an operation in a V2H mode, in which a battery of a vehicle is charged, in which In this V2H mode, electric power is supplied from the vehicle.
充电/放电连接器220也包括馈电开关222。通过操作该馈电开关222，用户被允许使车辆100开始给家庭馈电。例如，AC 220V和30至50A的电力被提供给家庭。The charge/discharge connector 220 also includes a feed switch 222 . By operating the feed switch 222, the user is allowed to cause the vehicle 100 to start feeding the home. For example, electric power of AC 220V and 30 to 50A is supplied to households.
在V2H模式中，基于电力是不足还是过剩，车辆可以被充电，以及从该车辆提供电力。在接下来的描述中，将描述这样的实例，其中，在V2H模式中，车辆没被充电，并且从该车辆到家庭的馈电被执行，或诸如此类。In the V2H mode, based on whether the electric power is insufficient or excessive, the vehicle can be charged, and electric power is provided from the vehicle. In the following description, an example will be described in which, in the V2H mode, a vehicle is not charged, and power feeding from the vehicle to a home is performed, or the like.
图2是用于说明在V2H模式中直到从车辆到家庭的馈电开始的过程的概要的视图。如图1和图2所示，在V2H模式中，最初，从电力站200(也称为V2H站)向车辆提供设置的用于馈电的系统参数。FIG. 2 is a view for explaining an outline of a process until the start of power feeding from a vehicle to a home in the V2H mode. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , in the V2H mode, initially, set system parameters for power feeding are provided to the vehicle from the power station 200 (also referred to as a V2H station).
响应于此，车辆依照设置的系统参数执行给家庭的馈电。这样，根据与诸如配电盘和房屋布线之类的设备相符合的参数，家庭被提供电力。In response thereto, the vehicle performs power feeding to the home in accordance with the set system parameters. In this way, the home is powered according to parameters consistent with equipment such as switchboards and house wiring.
被用在诸如V2L和V2H之类的许多应用中的车辆，执行给未指定负荷的馈电。因此，车辆需要识别负荷的信息(电压和上限电流)。该信息对应于上述系统参数。用于从电力站向车辆发送参数的方式一般包括无线通信、电力线通信等。Vehicles used in many applications, such as V2L and V2H, perform feeding of unspecified loads. Therefore, the vehicle needs information (voltage and upper limit current) for identifying the load. This information corresponds to the system parameters described above. Means for transmitting parameters from a power station to a vehicle generally include wireless communication, power line communication, and the like.
然而，诸如无线通信和电力线通信之类的新的通信装置的增加，导致车辆成本的增加。However, the increase of new communication devices such as wireless communication and power line communication leads to an increase in vehicle cost.
在能源管理型V2H中，需要在车辆和管理控制器之间交换大量数据，在该能源管理型V2H中，在光伏发电的电力过剩时或在夜间低成本时，电力被存储在车辆的电池中，并且所存储的电力在电力消耗大时被使用。因此，在能源管理型V2H中，高性能的通信装置是必不可少的。A large amount of data needs to be exchanged between the vehicle and the management controller in the energy management type V2H, in which electricity is stored in the battery of the vehicle when there is excess power from photovoltaic power generation or at night when it is low cost , and the stored power is used when power consumption is high. Therefore, in the energy management type V2H, a high-performance communication device is indispensable.
然而，在应急V2H中，馈电被允许以必要的最少参数执行，在该应急V2H中，在例如发生电力故障等的紧急情况下，电力从车辆被传送给家庭。在应急V2H中，新的通信装置的增加可能导致品质过剩。However, power feeding is allowed to be performed with necessary minimum parameters in emergency V2H in which electric power is delivered from vehicles to homes in emergency situations such as occurrence of power failure. In emergency V2H, the addition of new communication devices may lead to excess quality.
因此，在本实施例中，在V2H模式中的参数以不显著背离充电标准IEC61851-1的一种方法来传送。充电标准IEC61851-1包括控制引导信号CPLT和接近检测信号PISW。在本实施例中，车辆和电力站之间的通信通过使用这些信号来执行。Therefore, in this embodiment, the parameters in the V2H mode are communicated in a way that does not deviate significantly from the charging standard IEC61851-1. The charging standard IEC61851-1 includes a control pilot signal CPLT and an approach detection signal PISW. In the present embodiment, communication between the vehicle and the power station is performed using these signals.
图3是示出车辆100的结构的框图。在接下来的实施例中，其中车辆为混合动力车辆的情况将被描述；然而，根据本发明的车辆不限于混合动力车辆。该车辆可以是电动车辆或燃料电池车辆。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of the vehicle 100 . In the following embodiments, the case where the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle will be described; however, the vehicle according to the present invention is not limited to the hybrid vehicle. The vehicle may be an electric vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle.
如图3所示，车辆100包括引擎2、电动发电机MG1、MG2、动力分割装置4和驱动轮6。As shown in FIG. 3 , vehicle 100 includes engine 2 , motor generators MG1 , MG2 , power split device 4 , and drive wheels 6 .
该车辆100进一步包括蓄电装置B、系统主继电器SMR、转换器10、逆变器(inverter)21、22和控制装置50。该车辆100进一步包括电力转换器30、插座35和入口60。This vehicle 100 further includes a power storage device B, a system main relay SMR, a converter 10 , inverters 21 and 22 , and a control device 50 . The vehicle 100 further includes a power converter 30 , an outlet 35 and an inlet 60 .
车辆100是利用引擎2和电动发电机MG2作为动力源来行驶的混合动力车辆。通过引擎2和电动发电机MG2产生的驱动力被传送给驱动轮6。Vehicle 100 is a hybrid vehicle that runs using engine 2 and motor generator MG2 as power sources. Drive force generated by engine 2 and motor generator MG2 is transmitted to drive wheels 6 .
该引擎2是内燃机，例如汽油引擎和柴油引擎，其通过燃烧燃料来输出动力。引擎2的操作状态，例如节气门(throttle)开度(吸入空气量)、燃料提供量和点火时间，被配置为是通过来自控制装置50的信号而电可控的。The engine 2 is an internal combustion engine, such as a gasoline engine and a diesel engine, which outputs power by burning fuel. The operating state of the engine 2 , such as a throttle opening (amount of intake air), fuel supply amount, and ignition timing, is configured to be electrically controllable by a signal from the control device 50 .
电动发电机MG1、MG2是交流旋转电机，并且是，例如，三相交流同步电动机。该电动发电机MG1被用作通过引擎2来驱动的发电机，并且也被用作能够启动引擎2的旋转电机。通过电动发电机MG1的发电所获得的电力被允许用于驱动电动发电机MG2。通过电动发电机MG1的发电所获得的电力被允许提供给连接到车辆100的外部装置。电动发电机MG2主要被用作驱动车辆100的驱动轮6的旋转电机。Motor generators MG1, MG2 are AC rotating electrical machines, and are, for example, three-phase AC synchronous motors. This motor generator MG1 is used as a generator driven by the engine 2 and is also used as a rotating electric machine capable of starting the engine 2 . The electric power obtained by the power generation of motor generator MG1 is allowed to be used to drive motor generator MG2. Electric power obtained by power generation of motor generator MG1 is allowed to be supplied to external devices connected to vehicle 100 . Motor generator MG2 is mainly used as a rotary electric machine that drives drive wheels 6 of vehicle 100 .
动力分割装置4，例如，包括具有三个旋转轴的行星齿轮机构，也就是，太阳齿轮、齿轮架和环形齿轮。该太阳齿轮被耦合到电动发电机MG1的旋转轴。该齿轮架被耦合到引擎2的曲轴。该环形齿轮被耦合到驱动轴。动力分割装置4把引擎2的驱动力分割为被传送给电动发电机MG1的旋转轴的动力和被传送给驱动轴的动力。该驱动轴被耦合到驱动轮6。该驱动轴也被耦合到电动发电机MG2的旋转轴。Power split device 4, for example, includes a planetary gear mechanism having three rotation shafts, that is, a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear. This sun gear is coupled to the rotation shaft of motor generator MG1. The carrier is coupled to the crankshaft of the engine 2 . The ring gear is coupled to the drive shaft. Power split device 4 splits the driving force of engine 2 into power transmitted to the rotating shaft of motor generator MG1 and power transmitted to the drive shaft. The drive shaft is coupled to the drive wheel 6 . This drive shaft is also coupled to the rotary shaft of motor generator MG2.
蓄电装置B是可充电和可放电的直流电源，并且是，例如，由诸如镍金属氢化物电池和锂离子电池、或电容器等构成的二次电池。该蓄电装置B给转换器10提供电力，并且在电力的再生过程中通过来自转换器10的电力而被充电。The power storage device B is a chargeable and dischargeable direct-current power supply, and is, for example, a secondary battery composed of, for example, a nickel metal hydride battery and a lithium ion battery, or a capacitor. This power storage device B supplies electric power to converter 10 and is charged with electric power from converter 10 during electric power regeneration.
系统主继电器SMR被设置在蓄电装置B和转换器10之间。系统主继电器SMR是用于使蓄电装置B与电气系统电连接或者使蓄电装置B与电气系统之间的电连接中断的继电器。该系统主继电器SMR的接通/关断状态由控制装置50来控制。System main relay SMR is provided between power storage device B and converter 10 . System main relay SMR is a relay for electrically connecting power storage device B to the electrical system or interrupting the electrical connection between power storage device B and the electrical system. The on/off state of the system main relay SMR is controlled by the control device 50 .
该转换器10升高来自蓄电装置B的电压，并且把该升高的电压提供给逆变器21、22。转换器10通过降低由电动发电机MG1或电动发电机MG2产生且由逆变器21、22中的对应一个整流的电压来给蓄电装置B充电。The converter 10 boosts the voltage from the power storage device B, and supplies the boosted voltage to the inverters 21 , 22 . Converter 10 charges power storage device B by reducing the voltage generated by motor generator MG1 or motor generator MG2 and rectified by a corresponding one of inverters 21 , 22 .
逆变器21、22彼此并联连接到转换器10。逆变器21、22通过来自控制装置50的信号来控制。逆变器21通过把从转换器10提供的直流电力转换为交流电力来驱动电动发电机MG1。逆变器22通过把从转换器10提供的直流电力转换为交流电力来驱动电动发电机MG2。Inverters 21 , 22 are connected to converter 10 in parallel with each other. The inverters 21 and 22 are controlled by signals from the control device 50 . Inverter 21 drives motor generator MG1 by converting DC power supplied from converter 10 into AC power. Inverter 22 drives motor generator MG2 by converting DC power supplied from converter 10 into AC power.
电力转换器30被配置为能够与被连接到入口60的外部装置(未示出)交换电力。此外，电力转换器30被配置为能够提供电力给与设置在车舱中的插座35连接的外部装置。该电力转换器30被连接到入口60、插座35以及在系统主继电器SMR和转换器10之间的正电极线PL1和负电极线NL。该电力转换器30可以被连接到在蓄电装置B和系统主继电器SMR之间的电力线。该电力转换器30包括充电器31、馈电逆变器32和继电器RY1、RY2。The power converter 30 is configured to be able to exchange power with an external device (not shown) connected to the inlet 60 . Furthermore, the power converter 30 is configured to be able to supply power to an external device connected to an outlet 35 provided in the vehicle cabin. This power converter 30 is connected to the inlet 60 , the outlet 35 , and the positive electrode line PL1 and the negative electrode line NL between the system main relay SMR and the converter 10 . This power converter 30 may be connected to a power line between power storage device B and system main relay SMR. This power converter 30 includes a charger 31, a feed inverter 32, and relays RY1, RY2.
充电器31经由电力线ACL1、ACL2连接到入口60，并且经由继电器RY1连接到正电极线PL1和负电极线NL。该充电器31基于来自控制装置50的信号CMD，把从连接到入口60的外部装置提供的充电电力转换为蓄电装置B的电压电平，然后把充电电力输出给蓄电装置B，从而给蓄电装置B充电。在下文中，利用来自外部装置的电力给蓄电装置B充电也被称为“外部充电”。Charger 31 is connected to inlet 60 via electric power lines ACL1 , ACL2 , and is connected to positive electrode line PL1 and negative electrode line NL via relay RY1 . This charger 31 converts the charging power supplied from the external device connected to the inlet 60 into the voltage level of the power storage device B based on the signal CMD from the control device 50, and then outputs the charging power to the power storage device B, thereby providing Power storage device B is charged. Hereinafter, charging the power storage device B with electric power from an external device is also referred to as "external charging".
馈电逆变器32的输入侧被连接到正电极线PL1和负电极线NL，并且馈电逆变器32的输出侧经由继电器RY2和电力线ACL1、ACL2被连接到入口60。此外，馈电逆变器32的输出侧也被连接到插座35。The input side of feeding inverter 32 is connected to positive electrode line PL1 and negative electrode line NL, and the output side of feeding inverter 32 is connected to inlet 60 via relay RY2 and power lines ACL1, ACL2. Furthermore, the output side of the feeding inverter 32 is also connected to the outlet 35 .
馈电逆变器32能够把存储在蓄电装置B中的电力转换为被提供给与插座35连接的电气装置的供应电力，并且把所转换的电力输出给该电气装置。The feeding inverter 32 is capable of converting the electric power stored in the power storage device B into supply power supplied to an electric device connected to the outlet 35 and outputting the converted electric power to the electric device.
在VPC模式中，馈电逆变器32能够把存储在蓄电装置B中的电力和由电动发电机MG1产生的电力中的至少一者转换为供应电力，并且把所转换的电力输出给负荷310，该供应电力经由连接到入口60的VPC连接器220A(图1中所示)而提供给负荷310。In the VPC mode, the feeding inverter 32 is capable of converting at least one of electric power stored in the power storage device B and electric power generated by the motor generator MG1 into supply electric power, and outputting the converted electric power to the load. 310 , the supply power is provided to the load 310 via the VPC connector 220A (shown in FIG. 1 ) connected to the inlet 60 .
在V2H模式中，馈电逆变器32能够把存储在蓄电装置B中的电力和由电动发电机MG1产生的电力中的至少一者转换给诸如家庭的设备300，并且将所转换的电力输出给设备300，该设备300经由充电/放电连接器220(图1中所示)连接到入口60。In the V2H mode, the feed inverter 32 can convert at least one of electric power stored in the power storage device B and electric power generated by the motor generator MG1 to an appliance 300 such as a home, and convert the converted electric power The output is to device 300 which is connected to inlet 60 via charge/discharge connector 220 (shown in FIG. 1 ).
在馈电逆变器32中，基于来自控制装置50的信号CMD来判定电压和上限电流。In the feed inverter 32 , the voltage and the upper limit current are determined based on the signal CMD from the control device 50 .
在本说明书中，把来自车辆的蓄电装置B的电力和由电动发电机MG1产生的电力中的至少一者输出给该车辆外部的负荷或家庭被称为“馈电/馈送电力”。In this specification, outputting at least one of electric power from power storage device B of the vehicle and electric power generated by motor generator MG1 to loads outside the vehicle or households is referred to as "feeding/feeding electric power".
基于来自控制装置50的信号CMD，继电器RY1、RY2中的每一者断开或闭合。继电器RY1在从外部装置充电时闭合，并且在对外部装置馈电时断开。继电器RY2在从外部装置充电时断开，并且在对外部装置馈电时闭合。Based on the signal CMD from the control device 50, each of the relays RY1, RY2 is opened or closed. Relay RY1 is closed when charging from an external device, and is opened when feeding power to the external device. Relay RY2 is opened when charging from an external device, and is closed when feeding power to the external device.
入口60被配置为能够兼任用于把车辆100的电力馈送给外部负荷、家庭等的馈电端口，以及用于从外部电源对车辆100充电的充电端口。正如之后将被描述的那样，入口60包括与电力线连接的端子和与信号线连接的端子。信号线包括用于检测与外部装置连接的电缆的连接器是否被连接到入口60的信号线。Inlet 60 is configured to be able to double as a feed port for feeding electric power of vehicle 100 to an external load, a household, etc., and a charging port for charging vehicle 100 from an external power source. As will be described later, the inlet 60 includes a terminal connected to a power line and a terminal connected to a signal line. The signal line includes a signal line for detecting whether a connector of a cable connected to an external device is connected to the inlet 60 .
控制装置50基于加速器操作量、制动器下压量、车辆速度等来确定被传送给驱动轮6的目标驱动力。控制装置50控制引擎2和电动发电机MG1、MG2，使得引擎2和电动发电机MG1、MG2被置于其中能够有效地输出目标驱动力的操作状态中。此外，当外部负荷或外部电源被连接到入口60时，控制装置50通过控制电力转换器30和继电器RY1、RY2，选择并执行从外部电源充电和给外部负荷馈电中的一者。The control device 50 determines the target drive force transmitted to the drive wheels 6 based on the accelerator operation amount, the brake depression amount, the vehicle speed, and the like. The control device 50 controls the engine 2 and the motor generators MG1, MG2 so that the engine 2 and the motor generators MG1, MG2 are placed in an operation state in which the target driving force can be effectively output. Furthermore, when an external load or an external power source is connected to the inlet 60, the control device 50 selects and executes one of charging from the external power source and feeding power to the external load by controlling the power converter 30 and the relays RY1, RY2.
在上述结构中，控制装置50被要求在执行给外部装置等馈电时，基于被连接到车辆100的外部装置等来控制馈电逆变器32。具体地，外部装置或家庭的要求电压或允许被负荷装置接收的电流的最大值(在下文中，被称为最大电流值)取决于每个外部装置或每个家庭，所以控制装置50被要求输出与要求电压对应的电压，或者限制输出电流以使输出电流不超过最大电流值。In the above configuration, the control device 50 is required to control the power feeding inverter 32 based on the external device or the like connected to the vehicle 100 when performing power feeding to the external device or the like. Specifically, the required voltage of the external device or the household or the maximum value of the current allowed to be received by the load device (hereinafter, referred to as the maximum current value) depends on each external device or each household, so the control device 50 is required to output The voltage corresponding to the required voltage, or limit the output current so that the output current does not exceed the maximum current value.
因此，在根据本实施例的车辆100中，通过使用用于检测与外部装置连接的电缆的连接器是否被连接到入口60的信号线(接近检测信号PISW)和目前已被用在充电控制中的信号线(控制引导信号CPLT)，检测与外部装置连接的电缆的连接器是图1所示的VPC 220A，还是充电/放电连接器220，并且当连接器是充电/放电连接器时，检测电力站200的设置是“充电模式”，还是“V2H模式”。Therefore, in the vehicle 100 according to the present embodiment, by using the signal line (proximity detection signal PISW) for detecting whether the connector of the cable connected with the external device is connected to the inlet 60 and has been used in the charging control so far signal line (control pilot signal CPLT), detects whether the connector of the cable connected to the external device is the VPC 220A shown in FIG. Whether the setting of the power station 200 is "charging mode" or "V2H mode".
根据本实施例的电力站200基于在控制引导信号CPLT被发送之后来自车辆侧的输出电压是否存在变化，判定连接的车辆是否是与V2H模式兼容的车辆。The power station 200 according to the present embodiment determines whether the connected vehicle is a vehicle compatible with the V2H mode based on whether there is a change in the output voltage from the vehicle side after the control pilot signal CPLT is transmitted.
图4是示出根据本实施例的车辆和电力站的示意结构的框图。如图4所示，车辆100包括充电器31、馈电逆变器32、PLG-ECU 50A、电力线ACL1、ACL2和入口60。PLG-ECU 50A是图3所示的控制装置50中的负责与插入式充电相关联的控制的一部分。针对该PLG-ECU 50A指定由频率连接器输出的交流频率。该PLG-ECU 50A控制馈电逆变器32，以使该馈电逆变器32输出具有所指定的交流频率的电力。车辆100的详细结构正如参照图3所描述的那样，所以这里将不再重复描述。FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing schematic configurations of a vehicle and a power station according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4 , vehicle 100 includes charger 31 , feed inverter 32 , PLG-ECU 50A, power lines ACL1 , ACL2 , and inlet 60 . PLG-ECU 50A is a part in charge of control related to plug-in charging in control device 50 shown in FIG. 3 . The AC frequency output from the frequency connector is specified for this PLG-ECU 50A. The PLG-ECU 50A controls the power feeding inverter 32 so that the power feeding inverter 32 outputs electric power having a designated AC frequency. The detailed structure of the vehicle 100 is as described with reference to FIG. 3, so the description will not be repeated here.
电力站200包括变压器(transformer)224、V2H继电器226、CPLT振荡电路228、PISW电阻选择器电路230、馈电开关222和模式选择器开关210。The power station 200 includes a transformer 224 , a V2H relay 226 , a CPLT oscillator circuit 228 , a PISW resistor selector circuit 230 , a feed switch 222 and a mode selector switch 210 .
变压器224和V2H继电器226彼此串联地被设置在与车辆侧电力线ACL1、ACL2连接的电力线AC1、AC2上。电力线AC1、AC2经由诸如家庭之类的设备300的小型电路断路器(MCB)310而被连接到负荷320。Transformer 224 and V2H relay 226 are provided in series with each other on power lines AC1 , AC2 connected to vehicle-side power lines ACL1 , ACL2 . The power lines AC1 , AC2 are connected to a load 320 via a miniature circuit breaker (MCB) 310 of an appliance 300 such as a home.
图5是示出车辆和电力站的与信号PISW、CPLT的产生相关联的部分结构的电路图。如图5所示，连接器220包括连接检测电路212、214和馈电开关222。FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing partial configurations of the vehicle and the power station associated with generation of signals PISW, CPLT. As shown in FIG. 5 , the connector 220 includes connection detection circuits 212 , 214 and a feed switch 222 .
电力线AC1、AC2是用于在车辆100和设备300之间传输电力的电力线。连接检测电路212、214中的每一个都是用于检测连接器220与车辆100处的入口60的连接状态的电路。连接检测电路212、214彼此并联连接在选择器电路230和信号线211之间，并且通过选择器电路230来选择性地使用连接检测电路212、214中的一个，该信号线211用于发送指示连接器220的连接状态的连接信号PISW给车辆100。Power lines AC1 , AC2 are power lines for transmitting electric power between vehicle 100 and device 300 . Each of the connection detection circuits 212 , 214 is a circuit for detecting the connection state of the connector 220 with the inlet 60 at the vehicle 100 . The connection detection circuits 212, 214 are connected in parallel with each other between the selector circuit 230 and the signal line 211, and one of the connection detection circuits 212, 214 is selectively used through the selector circuit 230, and the signal line 211 is used to transmit the instruction. The connection signal PISW of the connection state of connector 220 is given to vehicle 100 .
连接检测电路212是在充电模式中被选择性使用的电路。也就是说，当用户通过操作选择器开关210来选择充电模式时，选择器电路230被切换到触点C侧，并且通过利用连接检测电路212来检测连接器220的连接状态。The connection detection circuit 212 is a circuit that is selectively used in the charging mode. That is, when the user selects the charging mode by operating the selector switch 210 , the selector circuit 230 is switched to the contact C side, and the connection state of the connector 220 is detected by using the connection detection circuit 212 .
连接检测电路212包括电阻器R3、R4和开关SW2C。电阻R3、R4彼此串联地连接在信号线211与选择器电路230的触点C之间。开关SW2C与电阻器R4并联连接。The connection detection circuit 212 includes resistors R3, R4 and a switch SW2C. The resistors R3 and R4 are connected in series with each other between the signal line 211 and the contact C of the selector circuit 230 . Switch SW2C is connected in parallel with resistor R4.
当用于解除连接器220与入口60的连接的锁定的锁定解除按钮(未示出)被用户操作为开态(on state)时，开关SW2C的触点被断开。其结果是，连接信号PISW的电位(信号线211的电位)变化了预定量，并且锁定被解除的信息被提供给PLG-ECU 50A。When a lock release button (not shown) for releasing the connection of the connector 220 with the inlet 60 is operated to an on state by the user, the contact of the switch SW2C is opened. As a result, the potential of connection signal PISW (the potential of signal line 211 ) changes by a predetermined amount, and information that the lock is released is supplied to PLG-ECU 50A.
连接检测电路214是在V2H模式中被选择性使用的电路。即，当用户通过操作选择器开关210来选择V2H模式时，选择器电路230被切换至触点S侧，并且通过连接检测电路214来检测连接器220的连接状态。The connection detection circuit 214 is a circuit selectively used in the V2H mode. That is, when the user selects the V2H mode by operating the selector switch 210 , the selector circuit 230 is switched to the contact S side, and the connection state of the connector 220 is detected by the connection detection circuit 214 .
连接检测电路214包括电阻器R5至R7、开关SW2S和开关SW1。电阻器R5、R6彼此串联连接在信号线211和选择器电路230的触点S之间。串联连接的开关SW2S和电阻器R7与电阻器R6并联连接。开关SW1与电阻器R7并联连接。The connection detection circuit 214 includes resistors R5 to R7, a switch SW2S, and a switch SW1. The resistors R5 , R6 are connected in series with each other between the signal line 211 and the contact S of the selector circuit 230 . The switch SW2S and the resistor R7 connected in series are connected in parallel with the resistor R6. The switch SW1 is connected in parallel with the resistor R7.
开关SW2S与开关SW2C同步操作。即，当锁定解除按钮被用户操作为开态时，开关SW2S的触点被断开。其结果是，连接信号PISW的电位(信号线211的电位)变化预定量，并且锁定被解除的信息被提供给PLG-ECU 50A。Switch SW2S operates synchronously with switch SW2C. That is, when the lock release button is turned on by the user, the contact of the switch SW2S is opened. As a result, the potential of connection signal PISW (the potential of signal line 211 ) changes by a predetermined amount, and information that the lock is released is supplied to PLG-ECU 50A.
馈电开关222被用户操作，并且是用于在V2H模式中允许用户发出有关来自车辆100的馈电开始的指令的开关。当馈电开关222被用户操作为接通状态时，开关SW1导通并且电阻器R7被短路。这样，连接信号PISW的电位(信号线211的电位)变化预定量，并且馈电开关222被操作为接通状态的信息被提供给PLG-ECU 50A。Feed switch 222 is operated by the user, and is a switch for allowing the user to issue an instruction regarding start of feed from vehicle 100 in the V2H mode. When the feed switch 222 is operated by the user to be in an on state, the switch SW1 is turned on and the resistor R7 is short-circuited. In this way, the potential of connection signal PISW (the potential of signal line 211 ) changes by a predetermined amount, and information that feed switch 222 is operated to an on state is supplied to PLG-ECU 50A.
选择器电路230选择触点C、S中的一个，并且把选择的一个触点连接到地线GND。触点C、S被分别连接到连接检测电路212、214。选择器电路230与选择器开关210同步操作，用于允许用户在充电模式和V2H模式之间切换。当充电模式被选择器开关210选择时，触点C被选择并被连接到地线GND。当V2H模式被选择器开关210选择时，触点S被选择并被连接到地线GND。The selector circuit 230 selects one of the contacts C, S, and connects the selected one to the ground GND. Contacts C, S are connected to connection detection circuits 212, 214, respectively. The selector circuit 230 operates synchronously with the selector switch 210 for allowing the user to switch between the charging mode and the V2H mode. When the charging mode is selected by the selector switch 210, the contact C is selected and connected to the ground GND. When the V2H mode is selected by the selector switch 210, the contact S is selected and connected to the ground GND.
连接检测电路212、214的电阻值被设计为彼此不同。选择器开关210的选择状态通过连接信号PISW的电位(信号线211的电位)而被提供给PLG-ECU 50A。The resistance values of the connection detection circuits 212, 214 are designed to be different from each other. The selected state of selector switch 210 is given to PLG-ECU 50A through the potential of connection signal PISW (the potential of signal line 211 ).
电力站200包括电压传感器223、变压器224、V2H继电器226、CPLT振荡电路228、站侧ECU 229、选择器开关210和选择器电路230。电压传感器223检测电力线AC1、AC2中每一者的电压。选择器电路230与在电力站200中设置的选择器开关210同步操作。电压传感器223对应于“供应电压检测器”。The power station 200 includes a voltage sensor 223 , a transformer 224 , a V2H relay 226 , a CPLT oscillation circuit 228 , a station-side ECU 229 , a selector switch 210 and a selector circuit 230 . The voltage sensor 223 detects the voltage of each of the power lines AC1, AC2. The selector circuit 230 operates in synchronization with the selector switch 210 provided in the power station 200 . The voltage sensor 223 corresponds to a "supply voltage detector".
CPLT振荡电路228产生用于在V2H模式中与车辆100交换信息的引导信号CPLT。例如，通过在接收引导信号CPLT的车辆100的PLG-ECU50A中操作引导信号CPLT的电位，从车辆100远程操作在电力站200中设置的V2H继电器226。通过改变引导信号CPLT的占空比，家庭的电力参数(例如，MCB 310的额定电流等)被提供给车辆100。CPLT oscillation circuit 228 generates pilot signal CPLT for exchanging information with vehicle 100 in the V2H mode. For example, by manipulating the potential of pilot signal CPLT in PLG-ECU 50A of vehicle 100 receiving pilot signal CPLT, V2H relay 226 provided in electric power station 200 is remotely operated from vehicle 100 . By changing the duty ratio of the pilot signal CPLT, the power parameters of the household (for example, the rated current of the MCB 310 , etc.) are provided to the vehicle 100 .
车辆100的PLG-ECU 50A包括电阻器R1、R2、CPU 51和电阻电路132。PLG-ECU 50A of vehicle 100 includes resistors R1 , R2 , CPU 51 and resistance circuit 132 .
电阻器R1被连接在恒定电压节点(例如，5V)与信号PISW的信号线之间。电阻器R2被连接在信号PISW的信号线与接地节点之间。连接信号PISW的电位通过由电阻器R1、R2的组合确定的组合电阻以及连接器220的连接检测电路212或连接检测电路214来确定。在连接信号PISW被输入的CPU 51中，可以检测连接器220的连接状态，连接锁定的解除，通过馈电开关222发处的馈电请求，等等。The resistor R1 is connected between a constant voltage node (for example, 5V) and the signal line of the signal PISW. The resistor R2 is connected between the signal line of the signal PISW and the ground node. The potential of the connection signal PISW is determined by the combination resistance determined by the combination of the resistors R1 , R2 and the connection detection circuit 212 or the connection detection circuit 214 of the connector 220 . In the CPU 51 to which the connection signal PISW is input, it is possible to detect the connection state of the connector 220, release of the connection lock, a power feeding request through the power feeding switch 222, and the like.
电阻电路132是用于操作由电力站200的CPLT振荡电路228所产生的引导信号CPLT的电位(控制引导线的电位)的电路。电阻电路132包括电阻器R8、R9和开关SW3。电阻器R8被连接在控制引导线138和接地节点之间。串联连接的开关SW3和电阻器R9与电阻器R8并联连接。开关SW3通过CPU 51来驱动。The resistance circuit 132 is a circuit for manipulating the potential of the pilot signal CPLT (the potential of the control pilot line) generated by the CPLT oscillation circuit 228 of the power station 200 . The resistance circuit 132 includes resistors R8, R9 and a switch SW3. Resistor R8 is connected between the control lead 138 and the ground node. The switch SW3 and the resistor R9 connected in series are connected in parallel with the resistor R8. The switch SW3 is driven by the CPU 51 .
通过操作开关SW3，电阻电路132的电阻值发生变化，所以引导信号CPLT的电位(控制引导线138的电位)发生变化。引导信号CPLT的电位的变化在电力站200中被检测。这样，从车辆100的PLG-ECU 50A可以远程操作在电力站200中设置的V2H继电器226。Since the resistance value of the resistance circuit 132 changes by operating the switch SW3, the potential of the pilot signal CPLT (potential of the control lead line 138) changes. A change in the potential of pilot signal CPLT is detected in electric power station 200 . In this way, V2H relay 226 provided in electric power station 200 can be remotely operated from PLG-ECU 50A of vehicle 100 .
CPU 51基于连接信号PISW，检测连接器220的连接状态，由选择器开关所选择的操作模式(充电模式或V2H模式)的状态，通过锁定解除按钮进行的连接锁定解除，等等。The CPU 51 detects the connection state of the connector 220, the state of the operation mode (charging mode or V2H mode) selected by the selector switch, connection lock release by the lock release button, etc., based on the connection signal PISW.
图6是示出信号PISW的电位和连接状态之间的关系的实例的视图。连接信号PISW的电位和连接状态之间的关系不限于图6所示的关系，并且可以进行各种修改。FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of the relationship between the potential of the signal PISW and the connection state. The relationship between the potential of the connection signal PISW and the connection state is not limited to the relationship shown in FIG. 6 and various modifications may be made.
如图5和6所示，电阻器R1、R2的电阻值被设置为，使得在其中充电/放电连接器220和图1所示的VPC 220V均未被连接到车辆100的入口60的状态(在下文中，被称为“无连接器连接”)中，使连接信号PISW的电位落在电位V4和电位V5之间。CPU 51能够通过检测连接信号PISW的电位落在电位V4和电位V5之间的事实来检测连接状态是“无连接器连接”。As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the resistance values of the resistors R1, R2 are set such that the state in which neither the charging/discharging connector 220 nor the VPC 220V shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the inlet 60 of the vehicle 100 ( Hereinafter, referred to as "connectorless connection"), the potential of the connection signal PISW is made to fall between the potential V4 and the potential V5. The CPU 51 can detect that the connection state is "no connector connection" by detecting the fact that the potential of the connection signal PISW falls between the potential V4 and the potential V5.
当充电/放电连接器220被连接到车辆100的入口60时，连接信号PISW的信号线和地线GND被连接到充电/放电连接器220的连接检测电路212、214。When the charge/discharge connector 220 is connected to the inlet 60 of the vehicle 100 , the signal line of the connection signal PISW and the ground GND are connected to the connection detection circuits 212 , 214 of the charge/discharge connector 220 .
开关SW2C、SW2S被用于检测在充电/放电连接器220中设置的锁定机构(未示出)的状态。该锁定机构被设置是为了使充电/放电连接器220不与入口60分离。当用户使充电/放电连接器220与入口60连接或断开连接时，该用户通过按压在充电/放电连接器20中设置的操作按钮来解除该锁定机构。开关SW2C、SW2S中的每一个在操作按钮被按压时进入断开状态，并且在按压操作被解除时进入闭合状态。The switches SW2C, SW2S are used to detect the state of a lock mechanism (not shown) provided in the charging/discharging connector 220 . The locking mechanism is provided so that the charging/discharging connector 220 is not separated from the inlet 60 . When the user connects or disconnects the charging/discharging connector 220 with the inlet 60 , the user releases the locking mechanism by pressing an operation button provided in the charging/discharging connector 20 . Each of the switches SW2C, SW2S enters an open state when the operation button is pressed, and enters a closed state when the pressing operation is released.
电阻器R1至R7的电阻值被设置为，使得在其中充电/放电连接器220被连接到入口60，并且该充电/放电连接器220的锁定机构被解除的状态(在下文中，也被称为“连接器装配”)中，使连接信号PISW的电位落在电位V3和电位V4之间。CPU 51能够通过检测连接信号PISW的电位落在电位V3和电位V4之间的事实来检测连接状态是“连接器装配”。The resistance values of the resistors R1 to R7 are set such that the state in which the charging/discharging connector 220 is connected to the inlet 60 and the locking mechanism of the charging/discharging connector 220 is released (hereinafter, also referred to as In "connector assembly"), the potential of the connection signal PISW is set between the potential V3 and the potential V4. The CPU 51 can detect that the connection state is "connector fitted" by detecting the fact that the potential of the connection signal PISW falls between the potential V3 and the potential V4.
电阻器R1至R4的电阻值被设置为，使得在其中通过选择器开关210选择充电模式，充电/放电连接器220被连接到入口60，并且充电/放电连接器220的锁定机构被激活的状态(在下文中，也被称为“充电连接器连接”)中，使连接信号PISW的电位落在电位V2和电位V3之间。CPU 51能够通过检测连接信号PISW的电位落在电位V2和电位V3之间的事实来检测连接状态是“充电连接器连接”。The resistance values of the resistors R1 to R4 are set such that the state in which the charging mode is selected by the selector switch 210, the charging/discharging connector 220 is connected to the inlet 60, and the locking mechanism of the charging/discharging connector 220 is activated (hereinafter also referred to as "charging connector connection"), the potential of the connection signal PISW is made to fall between the potential V2 and the potential V3. The CPU 51 can detect that the connection state is "charging connector connection" by detecting the fact that the potential of the connection signal PISW falls between the potential V2 and the potential V3.
电阻器R1、R2、R5至R7的电阻值被设置为，使得在其中通过选择器开关210选择V2H模式，充电/放电连接器220被连接到入口60，并且充电/放电连接器220的锁定机构被激活的状态(在下文中，也被称为“放电连接器连接”)中，使连接信号PISW的电位落在电位V1和电位V2之间。控制装置50能够通过检测电位VP落在电位V1和电位V2之间的事实来检测连接状态是“放电连接器连接”。The resistance values of the resistors R1, R2, R5 to R7 are set such that the V2H mode is selected therein by the selector switch 210, the charging/discharging connector 220 is connected to the inlet 60, and the locking mechanism of the charging/discharging connector 220 In the activated state (hereinafter, also referred to as “discharge connector connection”), the potential of the connection signal PISW is made to fall between the potential V1 and the potential V2. The control device 50 can detect that the connection state is "discharging connector connection" by detecting the fact that the potential VP falls between the potential V1 and the potential V2.
针对VPC 220A设置类似的电阻器，使得当图1所示的VPC 220A被连接时，连接信号PISW的电位落在电位V1和电位V2之间。A similar resistor is provided for the VPC 220A so that when the VPC 220A shown in FIG. 1 is connected, the potential of the connection signal PISW falls between the potential V1 and the potential V2.
当连接信号PISW的电位低于电位V1时，CPU 51检测到其中连接信号PISW的信号线被短路到车辆100的本体地(body earth)的状态(在下文中，也被称为“接地故障”)。When the potential of the connection signal PISW is lower than the potential V1, the CPU 51 detects a state in which the signal line of the connection signal PISW is short-circuited to the body earth of the vehicle 100 (hereinafter, also referred to as “ground fault”) .
图7是示出其中车辆的控制装置执行模式识别的过程的流程图。如图5和图7所示，最初，在步骤S1中，PLG-ECU 50A判定是否有任何连接到入口60的连接器。PLG-ECU 50A在连接信号PISW的电位落在图6所示的V4至V5的范围内时判定没有连接器连接，并且在连接信号PISW的电位比电位V4低时判定存在连接器连接。FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a procedure in which the control device of the vehicle executes pattern recognition. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 , initially, in step S1 , PLG-ECU 50A determines whether there is any connector connected to inlet 60 . PLG-ECU 50A determines that there is no connector connection when the potential of connection signal PISW falls within the range of V4 to V5 shown in FIG. 6 , and determines that there is connector connection when the potential of connection signal PISW is lower than potential V4 .
随后，PLG-ECU 50A判定通过电力站200的选择器开关210选择的模式是充电模式，还是V2H模式。PLG-ECU 50A在连接信号PISW的电位落在图6中的V2至V3的范围内时判定所选择的模式是充电模式，并且当连接信号PISW的电位落在V1至V2的范围内时判定所选择的模式是V2H模式。Subsequently, PLG-ECU 50A determines whether the mode selected by selector switch 210 of power station 200 is the charging mode or the V2H mode. PLG-ECU 50A determines that the selected mode is the charging mode when the potential of connection signal PISW falls within the range of V2 to V3 in FIG. The selected mode is V2H mode.
当在步骤S2中判定模式是充电模式时，处理前进至步骤S3。在步骤S3中，PLG-ECU50A等待直到充电要求被满足。充电要求包括，例如，车辆被允许接收充电电力的情况，电力站被允许给车辆提供充电电力的情况，等等。When it is determined in step S2 that the mode is the charging mode, the process proceeds to step S3. In step S3, PLG-ECU 50A waits until the charging request is satisfied. The charging requirements include, for example, a case where a vehicle is allowed to receive charging power, a case where a power station is allowed to supply charging power to a vehicle, and the like.
当在步骤S3中充电要求被满足时，处理前进至步骤S4，并且模式被识别为充电模式。随后，在步骤S5中，基于控制引导信号CPLT，确定最大充电电流。在步骤S6中，充电被执行。在充电过程中，控制引导信号CPLT如之后参照图9描述的那样变化。When the charging requirement is satisfied in step S3, the process proceeds to step S4, and the mode is identified as the charging mode. Subsequently, in step S5, based on the control pilot signal CPLT, the maximum charging current is determined. In step S6, charging is performed. During charging, control pilot signal CPLT changes as described later with reference to FIG. 9 .
在另一方面，当在步骤S2中判定模式是V2H模式时，处理前进至步骤S7。在步骤S7中，PLG-ECU 50A等待直到馈电要求被满足。馈电要求包括，例如，车辆能够输出电力的情况，电力站能够从车辆接收电力的情况，等等。On the other hand, when it is determined in step S2 that the mode is the V2H mode, the process proceeds to step S7. In step S7, PLG-ECU 50A waits until the power feeding requirement is satisfied. The feeding requirements include, for example, a situation where a vehicle can output electric power, a situation where a power station can receive electric power from a vehicle, and the like.
当在步骤S7中馈电要求被满足时，处理前进至步骤S8。在步骤S8中，从车辆被馈送至家庭的交流电力的频率(例如，50Hz、60Hz等)基于图4所示的频率连接器的设置来设定，并且使图4所示的馈电逆变器32从入口60以15A的上限电流输出AC 100V。When the feeding requirement is satisfied in step S7, the process proceeds to step S8. In step S8, the frequency (for example, 50 Hz, 60 Hz, etc.) of the AC power fed from the vehicle to the home is set based on the setting of the frequency connector shown in FIG. 4 , and the feeding shown in FIG. 4 is inverted. The converter 32 outputs AC 100V from the inlet 60 with an upper limit current of 15A.
在步骤S10中，PLG-ECU 50A检查控制引导信号CPLT的振荡是否响应于AC 100V被输出到入口的事实而开始。当在步骤S10中未发现控制引导信号CPLT的振荡时，处理前进至步骤S11。当发现控制引导信号CPLT的振荡时，处理前进至步骤S13。In step S10 , PLG-ECU 50A checks whether the oscillation of control pilot signal CPLT starts in response to the fact that AC 100V is output to the inlet. When no oscillation of the control pilot signal CPLT is found in step S10, the process proceeds to step S11. When oscillation of the control pilot signal CPLT is found, the process proceeds to step S13.
在步骤S11中，PLG-ECU 50A判定模式为馈电模式(VPC模式或V2L模式)。在步骤S9中预先设置的电压和上限电流(例如，AC 100V，上限15A)在步骤S12中被继续输出，而没有任何变化。In step S11, PLG-ECU 50A determines that the mode is the power feeding mode (VPC mode or V2L mode). The voltage and upper limit current (for example, AC 100V, upper limit 15A) previously set in step S9 are continuously output in step S12 without any change.
在另一方面，在步骤S13中，PLG-ECU 50A判定模式为馈电模式(V2H模式)。处理前进至步骤S14，并且馈电电压被设置为200V。该电压在制造时可以在符合其中车辆被使用的区域的范围内(例如200V至240V等)被改变。On the other hand, in step S13, PLG-ECU 50A determines that the mode is the power feeding mode (V2H mode). The process proceeds to step S14, and the feed voltage is set to 200V. This voltage may be changed within a range (for example, 200V to 240V, etc.) conforming to the region in which the vehicle is used at the time of manufacture.
在步骤S15中，PLG-ECU 50A基于控制引导信号CPLT的占空比来确定馈电电流上限值。在步骤S16中，PLG-ECU 50A给家庭馈送电力。In step S15, PLG-ECU 50A determines a feeding current upper limit value based on the duty ratio of control pilot signal CPLT. In step S16, PLG-ECU 50A feeds electric power to the home.
图8是示出其中电力站的控制装置执行模式识别和识别车辆的过程的流程图。FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a process in which the control device of the electric power station performs pattern recognition and recognizes a vehicle.
如图5和图8所示，最初，当处理被开始时，站侧ECU 229在步骤S51中读取充电模式和V2H模式中的哪一个被设置，选择器开关210用于在充电模式和V2H模式之间进行切换。当选择器开关210在步骤S51中已经选择了充电模式时，处理前进至步骤S52。在步骤S52中，执行与已有的充电处理类似的处理。As shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, initially, when the process is started, the station side ECU 229 reads in step S51 which of the charging mode and the V2H mode is set, and the selector switch 210 is used to select between the charging mode and the V2H mode. switch between modes. When the selector switch 210 has selected the charging mode in step S51, the process proceeds to step S52. In step S52, processing similar to the existing charging processing is performed.
当选择器开关210在步骤S51中已经选择了V2H模式时，处理前进至步骤S53。在步骤S53中，判定电力站200的充电/放电连接器220是否被连接到车辆的入口60。例如，当控制引导信号CPLT的信号线138被连接到连接器220时，信号CPLT的电位被电阻器R8降低，所以站侧ECU 229被允许识别连接器220被连接到车辆的入口60。When the selector switch 210 has selected the V2H mode in step S51, the process proceeds to step S53. In step S53, it is determined whether the charging/discharging connector 220 of the power station 200 is connected to the inlet 60 of the vehicle. For example, when signal line 138 of control pilot signal CPLT is connected to connector 220, the potential of signal CPLT is lowered by resistor R8, so station side ECU 229 is allowed to recognize that connector 220 is connected to entrance 60 of the vehicle.
随后，在步骤S54中，处理再次等待直到用户按压馈电开关两次。当用户按压馈电开关两次时，在车辆侧从信号PISW中检测到两个脉冲，并且这被识别为开始馈电的请求。其结果是，在图7中处理从S7前进至S8，并且预定电压(例如，AC 100V)被输出给车辆的入口60的电力线。当车辆是与V2H模式(或V2L模式)的操作兼容的车辆时，预定电压被输出；然而，当车辆是仅与充电兼容的车辆时，预定电压不被输出。Subsequently, in step S54, the process waits again until the user presses the feed switch twice. When the user presses the feed switch twice, two pulses are detected from the signal PISW on the vehicle side, and this is recognized as a request to start the feed. As a result, the process proceeds from S7 to S8 in FIG. 7 , and a predetermined voltage (for example, AC 100V) is output to the power line of the inlet 60 of the vehicle. When the vehicle is a vehicle compatible with operation in the V2H mode (or V2L mode), the predetermined voltage is output; however, when the vehicle is a vehicle compatible only with charging, the predetermined voltage is not output.
在步骤S55中，判定预定电压是否从车辆输出。利用电压传感器223，站侧ECU 229被允许判定预定电压是否从车辆输出。In step S55, it is determined whether or not a predetermined voltage is output from the vehicle. Using the voltage sensor 223, the station side ECU 229 is allowed to determine whether or not a predetermined voltage is output from the vehicle.
当在步骤S55中预定电压未从车辆输出时，处理前进至步骤S56，并且站侧ECU 229判定与连接器220连接的车辆是与V2H模式(以及V2L模式)不兼容的车辆。为了在步骤S57中向用户通知不兼容的车辆，警报指示，例如，被显示在电力站的显示单元上或通过警报声来通知，在这之后，在步骤S61中处理结束。When the predetermined voltage is not output from the vehicle in step S55, the process proceeds to step S56, and station side ECU 229 determines that the vehicle connected to connector 220 is a vehicle incompatible with the V2H mode (and the V2L mode). In order to notify the user of the incompatible vehicle in step S57, an alarm indication is, for example, displayed on the display unit of the power station or notified by an alarm sound, after which the process ends in step S61.
当在步骤S55中预定电压被从车辆输出时，处理前进至步骤S58。在步骤S58中，站侧ECU 229使CPLT振荡电路228开始振荡，并且通过波形的占空比把上限电流值通知给车辆。When the predetermined voltage is output from the vehicle in step S55, the process proceeds to step S58. In step S58, the station side ECU 229 starts the oscillation of the CPLT oscillation circuit 228, and notifies the vehicle of the upper limit current value by the duty ratio of the waveform.
如果车辆是能够执行参照图7所描述的流程图的处理的与V2H模式兼容的车辆，步骤S13至步骤S16的处理被执行，所以AC 200V应该从该车辆被输出给电力线AC1、AC2。If the vehicle is a V2H mode compatible vehicle capable of executing the process of the flowchart described with reference to FIG. 7 , the processes of steps S13 to S16 are performed, so AC 200V should be output from the vehicle to power lines AC1, AC2.
在步骤S59中，判定车辆是否能够以V2H模式执行电力馈送。具体地，当响应于信号CPLT的振荡的开始，输出电压已经从AC 100V变化到AC200V时，站侧ECU 229判定该车辆能够以V2H模式执行电力馈送。In step S59, it is determined whether the vehicle can perform power feeding in the V2H mode. Specifically, when the output voltage has changed from AC 100V to AC 200V in response to the start of oscillation of signal CPLT, station side ECU 229 determines that the vehicle can perform power feeding in the V2H mode.
不一定基于输出电压是否从AC 100V变化到AC 200V来执行判定。可以通过检测输出电压响应于信号CPLT的振荡的开始而已进行某种变化的事实，执行判定。例如，如果在V2H模式中所使用的电压不是200V而是100V，以AC 100V的电压输出响应于CPLT的振荡的开始而可能一度降低(或升高)，然后返回到初始电平。站侧ECU 229只需利用电压传感器223来捕捉这种变化。The determination is not necessarily performed based on whether the output voltage changes from AC 100V to AC 200V. The determination can be performed by detecting the fact that the output voltage has undergone some change in response to the start of oscillation of the signal CPLT. For example, if the voltage used in the V2H mode is not 200V but 100V, the voltage output at AC 100V may drop (or rise) once in response to the start of oscillation of the CPLT and then return to the original level. The station side ECU 229 only needs to use the voltage sensor 223 to catch this change.
当在步骤S59中判定车辆在V2H模式中能够执行馈电时，处理前进至步骤S60，并且站侧ECU 229闭合V2H继电器226并开始从该车辆接收电力。When it is determined in step S59 that the vehicle is capable of performing power feeding in the V2H mode, the process proceeds to step S60, and the station side ECU 229 closes the V2H relay 226 and starts receiving electric power from the vehicle.
当在步骤S59中判定车辆在V2H模式中不能执行馈电时，可以设想该车辆与V2L模式兼容，而与V2H模式不兼容。因此，在步骤S61中控制结束。When it is determined in step S59 that the vehicle cannot perform power feeding in the V2H mode, it can be assumed that the vehicle is compatible with the V2L mode but not compatible with the V2H mode. Therefore, control ends in step S61.
图9是在充电模式中的控制引导信号CPLT的波形图。在充电模式中，车辆100和电力站200利用控制引导信号CPLT执行通信，正如在其中电动车辆从现有的仅充电电力站而被充电的情况中那样。FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram of control pilot signal CPLT in the charging mode. In the charging mode, the vehicle 100 and the power station 200 perform communication using the control pilot signal CPLT, as in the case where the electric vehicle is charged from an existing charge-only power station.
如图5和图9所示，当在时刻t1连接器220被连接到入口60时，电阻电路132被连接，所以信号CPLT的电位从12V变为9V。随后，CPLT振荡电路228在时刻t2开始振荡。此时借助波形的占空比，向车辆传送能够输出给车辆100的最大电流。As shown in FIGS. 5 and 9 , when the connector 220 is connected to the inlet 60 at time t1, the resistance circuit 132 is connected, so the potential of the signal CPLT changes from 12V to 9V. Subsequently, the CPLT oscillation circuit 228 starts oscillation at time t2. At this time, the maximum current that can be output to the vehicle 100 is transmitted to the vehicle by the duty ratio of the waveform.
开关SW3在时刻t3闭合以指示车辆能够接收电力，并且信号CPLT的振幅的高电平电位从9V变为6V或3V。在时刻t3和时刻t4之间执行充电。The switch SW3 is closed at time t3 to indicate that the vehicle can receive electric power, and the high-level potential of the amplitude of the signal CPLT is changed from 9V to 6V or 3V. Charging is performed between time t3 and time t4.
在时刻t4，波形的占空比被改变，使得借助来自电力传输网络的请求、对电力站处设置的手动更改等，降低输出电流。At time t4, the duty cycle of the waveform is changed such that the output current is reduced by request from the power transmission network, manual modification of settings at the power station, or the like.
在时刻t5，响应于车辆侧充电的完成，以及信号CPLT的振幅的高电平电位再次返回至9V，开关SW3被断开。在那之后，响应于在时刻t6连接器220与入口60的分离，振荡停止，并且信号CPLT被固定在12V。At time t5, in response to the completion of the vehicle-side charging and the high-level potential of the amplitude of the signal CPLT returning to 9V again, the switch SW3 is turned off. After that, in response to the separation of the connector 220 from the inlet 60 at time t6, the oscillation stops and the signal CPLT is fixed at 12V.
在图7中的步骤S4至步骤S6中和图8中的步骤S52中执行使用上述信号CPLT的通信。Communication using the above-mentioned signal CPLT is performed in steps S4 to S6 in FIG. 7 and in step S52 in FIG. 8 .
图10示出了在V2H模式中的控制引导信号CPLT的波形图和连接信号PISW的波形图。图10按以下顺序示出了信号CPLT的波形，连接信号PISW的波形，以及经由入口从车辆提供给电力站的AC输出的电压。FIG. 10 shows a waveform diagram of the control pilot signal CPLT and a waveform diagram of the connection signal PISW in the V2H mode. FIG. 10 shows the waveform of the signal CPLT, the waveform of the connection signal PISW, and the voltage of the AC output supplied from the vehicle to the power station via the inlet in the following order.
如图5和图10所示，从时刻t10至时刻t11示出其中连接器220未与入口60连接的状态，信号CPLT(电力站侧)的电位为12V，并且信号PISW(车辆侧)的电位落在V5至V4的范围内。5 and 10, from time t10 to time t11 shows a state in which the connector 220 is not connected to the inlet 60, the potential of the signal CPLT (power station side) is 12V, and the potential of the signal PISW (vehicle side) Falls in the range of V5 to V4.
当在时刻t11连接器220被连接到入口60时，信号CPLT的电位从12V发生变化，并且信号PISW的电位从V5至V4的范围变化到V4至V3的范围。When the connector 220 is connected to the inlet 60 at time t11, the potential of the signal CPLT changes from 12V, and the potential of the signal PISW changes from the range of V5 to V4 to the range of V4 to V3.
在时刻t12和时刻t13之间，用户按压电力站200的连接器220的馈电开关222两次，从而两个脉冲出现在信号PISW中。这是通过CPU 51来检测的，在时刻t14通过图4所示的馈电逆变器32来产生AC 100V的电压。此时，以预定的上限电流(例如，上限15A)提供交流电。Between instant t12 and instant t13, the user presses the feed switch 222 of the connector 220 of the power station 200 twice, so that two pulses appear in the signal PISW. This is detected by the CPU 51, and a voltage of AC 100V is generated by the feed inverter 32 shown in FIG. 4 at time t14. At this time, alternating current is supplied with a predetermined upper limit current (for example, upper limit 15A).
在电力站200中，通过电压传感器223来检测100V被输出的事实。此时，当选择器开关210的设置被设定为V2H模式时，站侧ECU 229使CPLT振荡电路228开始振荡。In the power station 200 , the fact that 100V is output is detected by the voltage sensor 223 . At this time, when the setting of the selector switch 210 is set to the V2H mode, the station side ECU 229 causes the CPLT oscillation circuit 228 to start oscillation.
作为CPU 51在时刻t15检测到信号CPLT振荡的结果，CPU 51使图4所示的馈电逆变器32在时刻t16产生AC 200V的电压。此时，基于信号CPLT的波形的占空比来确定上限电流。As a result of the CPU 51 detecting the oscillation of the signal CPLT at time t15, the CPU 51 causes the feed inverter 32 shown in FIG. 4 to generate a voltage of AC 200V at time t16. At this time, the upper limit current is determined based on the duty ratio of the waveform of signal CPLT.
当传感器223检测到从入口60提供给连接器220的电压已经在时刻t16从100V变为200V时，站侧ECU 229把该车辆识别为与V2H模式兼容的车辆类型。作为在车辆侧开关SW3闭合的结果，当站侧ECU 229检测到CPLT信号的高电平电位已经从9V变为6V时，站侧ECU 229将继电器226设置为连接状态，并且传送电力给设备，例如家庭。When sensor 223 detects that the voltage supplied to connector 220 from inlet 60 has changed from 100 V to 200 V at time t16 , station-side ECU 229 recognizes the vehicle as a vehicle type compatible with the V2H mode. As a result of the switch SW3 being closed on the vehicle side, when the station-side ECU 229 detects that the high-level potential of the CPLT signal has changed from 9V to 6V, the station-side ECU 229 sets the relay 226 to the connected state, and transmits power to the device, For example family.
图11是用于说明在与V2H模式兼容的车辆和与V2H模式兼容的电力站的组合中的控制实例的流程图(前半部分)。11 is a flowchart (first half) for explaining a control example in a combination of a V2H mode-compatible vehicle and a V2H mode-compatible power station.
图12是用于说明在与V2H模式兼容的车辆和与V2H模式兼容的电力站的组合中的控制实例的流程图(后半部分)。12 is a flowchart (second half) for explaining a control example in a combination of a vehicle compatible with the V2H mode and a power station compatible with the V2H mode.
如图5和图11所示，在电力站200处，当选择器开关210在步骤S201中被从充电模式切换至V2H模式时，选择器电路230在步骤S202中被从C端子切换至S端子。这样，用于确定信号PISW的电位的电阻电路被从电阻电路212切换至电阻电路214(步骤S202)。在步骤S203中，连接器还没有被连接到入口，所以在电力站200侧信号CPLT的状态被设置成12V、0Hz的状态(未振荡)。As shown in FIGS. 5 and 11 , at the power station 200, when the selector switch 210 is switched from the charging mode to the V2H mode in step S201, the selector circuit 230 is switched from the C terminal to the S terminal in step S202. . In this way, the resistance circuit for determining the potential of the signal PISW is switched from the resistance circuit 212 to the resistance circuit 214 (step S202 ). In step S203, the connector has not been connected to the inlet, so the state of the signal CPLT is set to the state of 12V, 0 Hz (not oscillating) on the power station 200 side.
当充电/放电连接器220在步骤S204中被连接到入口60时，在车辆侧的步骤S101中CPU 51检测到连接信号PISW已从关断状态变为接通状态。如步骤S205所示，信号CPLT的状态也从12V变为9V、0Hz的状态(图11中的时刻t11)。When charging/discharging connector 220 is connected to inlet 60 in step S204, CPU 51 detects that connection signal PISW has changed from off state to on state in step S101 on the vehicle side. As shown in step S205, the state of the signal CPLT also changes from 12V to 9V and 0Hz (time t11 in FIG. 11).
在车辆侧，在步骤S201中，处理等待直到信号CPLT未在振荡(0Hz)并且在信号PISW中检测到两个脉冲的条件被满足。当在步骤S206执行用户按压馈电开关222两次的馈电请求操作时，车辆侧在步骤S103中识别操作模式为馈电模式。馈电模式包括VPC模式和V2H模式。此时，车辆识别操作模式是VPC模式，并且在步骤S104中以AC 100V、上限15A开始电力馈送。然而，在电力站200处，因为V2H继电器226未闭合，因此电力还没有被传输给家庭。On the vehicle side, in step S201, the process waits until the condition that the signal CPLT is not oscillating (0 Hz) and two pulses are detected in the signal PISW is satisfied. When the feed request operation in which the user presses the feed switch 222 twice is performed in step S206, the vehicle side recognizes the operation mode as the feed mode in step S103. Feed mode includes VPC mode and V2H mode. At this time, the vehicle recognizes that the operation mode is the VPC mode, and starts power feeding with AC 100V, upper limit 15A in step S104. However, at power station 200, power has not been delivered to the home because V2H relay 226 is not closed.
在电力站200处，在步骤S206中执行馈电请求操作之后，在步骤S207中处理等待检测到100V。当在步骤S207中通过电压传感器223检测到AC100V时，处理前进至步骤S208。At the power station 200, after the power feeding request operation is performed in step S206, the process waits for detection of 100V in step S207. When AC100V is detected by the voltage sensor 223 in step S207, the process proceeds to step S208.
在步骤S208中，站侧ECU 229使CPLT振荡电路228开始振荡。这样，信号CPLT的状态变为9V、1Hz的振荡状态(图10中的时刻t15)。In step S208, the station side ECU 229 starts the CPLT oscillation circuit 228 to oscillate. Thus, the state of the signal CPLT changes to an oscillation state of 9 V and 1 Hz (time t15 in FIG. 10 ).
在车辆侧，在步骤S105中判定信号CPLT是否在振荡。当在步骤S105中判定信号CPLT未在振荡时，车辆判定操作模式为VPC模式，并且继续以AC 100V，上限15A执行电力馈送，而无任何变化。On the vehicle side, it is determined in step S105 whether signal CPLT is oscillating. When it is determined in step S105 that signal CPLT is not oscillating, the vehicle determines that the operation mode is the VPC mode, and continues to perform power feeding at AC 100V, upper limit 15A, without any change.
另一方面，当在步骤S105中判定信号CPLT在振荡时，处理前进至步骤S107，并且操作模式被判定为V2H模式。此时，在步骤S108中，PLG-ECU 50A控制馈电逆变器32，以使输出电压从100V变为200V。此时基于信号CPLT的波形的占空比来确定上限电流。在步骤S109中，处理等待直到以200V的指定频率(50Hz或60Hz)的电压变得稳定，并且电力变得可传输，以及，当电压变得稳定并且电力变得可传输时，在步骤S110中改变电阻器，以使信号CPLT的高电平电位变为6V(图10中的时刻t17)。具体地，开关SW3通过图5所示的CPU 51而闭合。这样，电阻电路132的电阻值被改变。On the other hand, when it is determined in step S105 that signal CPLT is oscillating, the process proceeds to step S107, and the operation mode is determined to be the V2H mode. At this time, in step S108 , PLG-ECU 50A controls feed inverter 32 so that the output voltage changes from 100V to 200V. At this time, the upper limit current is determined based on the duty ratio of the waveform of signal CPLT. In step S109, the process waits until the voltage at a specified frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) of 200 V becomes stable and power becomes transferable, and, when the voltage becomes stable and power becomes transferable, in step S110 The resistors are changed so that the high-level potential of the signal CPLT becomes 6V (time t17 in FIG. 10 ). Specifically, the switch SW3 is closed by the CPU 51 shown in FIG. 5 . In this way, the resistance value of the resistance circuit 132 is changed.
在电力站200处，在步骤S209中，处理等待检测到信号CPLT的高电平电位被改变的事实。当在步骤S209中检测到电平变化时，信号CPLT的状态是如在步骤S210中描述的6V、1kHz的振荡状态。响应于检测到该状态，图5所示的站侧ECU 229接通V2H继电器226。这样，在步骤S111中车辆被连接到负荷(设备，例如家庭)，并且从车辆到负荷的电力馈送开始。At the power station 200, in step S209, the fact that the high-level potential of the signal CPLT is changed is waited for to be detected. When a level change is detected in step S209, the state of the signal CPLT is an oscillation state of 6V, 1 kHz as described in step S210. In response to detecting this state, station side ECU 229 shown in FIG. 5 turns on V2H relay 226 . Thus, the vehicle is connected to a load (apparatus such as a home) in step S111, and power feeding from the vehicle to the load starts.
在车辆处，在电力馈送期间，在步骤S112中处理等待停止操作。当在步骤S212中在电力站200侧由用户来执行停止操作(例如断开连接器220与入口60的连接)时，在车辆侧处理从步骤S112前进至步骤S113，在步骤S113中停止电力馈送，并且在步骤S114中处理结束。At the vehicle, during power feeding, the process waits for the stop operation in step S112. When the user performs a stop operation (such as disconnecting the connector 220 from the inlet 60) at the power station 200 side in step S212, the process proceeds from step S112 to step S113 at the vehicle side, where power feeding is stopped. , and the process ends in step S114.
同样在电力站200侧处，响应于步骤S212中执行停止操作的事实，信号CPLT在步骤S213中被设置为停止状态(0V，0Hz)，V2H继电器226被关断，并且在步骤S214中处理结束。Also at the power station 200 side, in response to the fact that the stop operation is performed in step S212, the signal CPLT is set to the stop state (0V, 0Hz) in step S213, the V2H relay 226 is turned off, and the process ends in step S214 .
如上所述，通过根据本实施例的车辆，可以区别各种连接器，并且可以响应于来自每个连接器的请求而交换电力。As described above, with the vehicle according to the present embodiment, various connectors can be distinguished, and electric power can be exchanged in response to a request from each connector.
通过根据本实施例的电力站，可以根据各种类型的车辆与车辆交换电力。With the power station according to the present embodiment, electric power can be exchanged according to various types of vehicles and vehicles.
最后，本实施例将再次参照附图进行总结。如图1、图4和图5所示，车辆100包括蓄电装置B、入口60、控制装置50和电力转换器30。入口60被配置为能够给外部装置馈送电力，并且能够给蓄电装置B充电。控制装置50基于经由入口60提供的第一信号，判定被连接到入口60的连接器是用于给蓄电装置B充电的充电连接器，还是用于给外部装置馈送电力的放电连接器，并且当控制装置判定连接器是放电连接器时，基于经由入口60提供的第二信号，判定该放电连接器是用于执行给单个负荷馈送电力的电力提取连接器(VPC 220A)，还是用于执行给设备馈送电力的设备连接器(充电/放电连接器220)。电力转换器30基于来自控制装置50的指令，在入口60和蓄电装置B之间交换电力。Finally, the present embodiment will be summarized with reference to the drawings again. As shown in FIGS. 1 , 4 and 5 , vehicle 100 includes power storage device B, inlet 60 , control device 50 and power converter 30 . The inlet 60 is configured to be able to feed electric power to an external device, and to be able to charge the power storage device B. As shown in FIG. The control device 50 determines whether the connector connected to the inlet 60 is a charging connector for charging the power storage device B or a discharging connector for feeding electric power to an external device based on the first signal supplied via the inlet 60, and When the control means determines that the connector is a discharge connector, based on the second signal supplied via the inlet 60, it is determined whether the discharge connector is a power extraction connector (VPC 220A) for performing power feeding to a single load or for performing A device connector (charge/discharge connector 220) that feeds power to the device. Power converter 30 exchanges electric power between inlet 60 and power storage device B based on an instruction from control device 50 .
优选地，第一信号是通过使用接近检测信号(信号PISW)而被发送的，该接近检测信号被用于检测连接器被连接到入口60。如图10所示，第一信号可以是被叠加在信号PISW上的两个脉冲。第二信号是通过使用控制引导信号(信号CPLT)而被发送的，该控制引导信号被用于在充电时向车辆外部的充电设备通知充电条件。如图10所示，第二信号可以通过使信号CPLT振荡来产生。Preferably, the first signal is sent using a proximity detection signal (signal PISW) which is used to detect that a connector is connected to the inlet 60 . As shown in FIG. 10, the first signal may be two pulses superimposed on the signal PISW. The second signal is transmitted by using a control pilot signal (signal CPLT) for notifying a charging device outside the vehicle of the charging condition at the time of charging. As shown in FIG. 10, the second signal may be generated by oscillating signal CPLT.
优选地，当控制装置50判定被连接到入口60的连接器是电力提取连接器(图1中的VPC 220A)时，控制装置50控制电力转换器30，使得电力以预定的上限电流(例如，固定的上限15A)从入口60被馈送，并且当控制装置50判定被连接到入口60的连接器是设备连接器(充电/放电连接器220)时，控制装置50控制电力转换器30，使得电力以基于第二信号所确定的上限电流从入口60被馈送。Preferably, when the control device 50 determines that the connector connected to the inlet 60 is a power extraction connector (VPC 220A in FIG. A fixed upper limit 15A) is fed from the inlet 60, and when the control device 50 determines that the connector connected to the inlet 60 is the device connector (charging/discharging connector 220), the control device 50 controls the power converter 30 so that the power It is fed from the inlet 60 with the upper limit current determined based on the second signal.
优选地，当控制装置50判定连接器是放电连接器时，控制装置50控制电力转换器30，使得第一供应电压(例如，AC 100V)被输出给该连接器的电力端子，并且当控制装置50在此之后判定放电连接器是设备连接器时，使电力转换器30改变第一供应电压(例如，从AC100V到AC 200V)。Preferably, when the control device 50 determines that the connector is a discharge connector, the control device 50 controls the power converter 30 so that the first supply voltage (for example, AC 100V) is output to the power terminal of the connector, and when the control device 50 After that, when it is determined that the discharge connector is a device connector, the power converter 30 is made to change the first supply voltage (for example, from AC100V to AC200V).
本实施例的另一方面涉及被配置为能够输出充电电力给车辆100并且从车辆100接收电力的电力接收装置(电力站200)。如图5所示，电力站200包括连接器220、电路(CPLT振荡电路228和电阻电路214)、以及站侧ECU 229。连接器220可连接到车辆100的入口60。该电路能够经由连接器220发送第一信号和第二信号给车辆100。站侧ECU 229在第一供应电压(例如，AC 100V)被从车辆100提供给连接器220的电力端子之后使该电路发送第二信号，并且当站侧ECU 229检测到响应于第二信号，第一供应电压已经被改变为第二供应电压(例如，AC 200V)时，判定被连接到连接器220的车辆100是能够馈送电力给置于车辆外部的设备(例如，家庭，等等)的车辆类型。Another aspect of the present embodiment relates to a power receiving device (power station 200 ) configured to be able to output charging power to vehicle 100 and receive power from vehicle 100 . As shown in FIG. 5 , the power station 200 includes a connector 220 , circuits (CPLT oscillation circuit 228 and resistance circuit 214 ), and a station-side ECU 229 . The connector 220 may be connected to the inlet 60 of the vehicle 100 . The circuit is capable of sending the first signal and the second signal to the vehicle 100 via the connector 220 . The station side ECU 229 causes the circuit to transmit the second signal after the first supply voltage (for example, AC 100V) is supplied from the vehicle 100 to the power terminal of the connector 220, and when the station side ECU 229 detects that in response to the second signal, When the first supply voltage has been changed to the second supply voltage (for example, AC 200V), it is determined that the vehicle 100 connected to the connector 220 is capable of feeding electric power to devices placed outside the vehicle (for example, home, etc.) Vehicle Type.
优选地，第一信号是通过使用接近检测信号(信号PISW)而被发送的，第二信号是通过使用控制引导信号(信号CPLT)而被发送的，该接近检测信号被用于检测连接器220被连接到入口60，该控制引导信号被用于在充电时向车辆外部的充电设备通知充电条件。Preferably, the first signal is sent using a proximity detection signal (signal PISW) and the second signal is sent using a control pilot signal (signal CPLT), which is used to detect the connector 220 Connected to the inlet 60, the control pilot signal is used to notify the charging equipment outside the vehicle of the charging condition when charging.
优选地，电力站200进一步包括用于执行发送第一信号的操作的操作单元(馈电开关222)。该电路包括电阻电路214和CPLT振荡电路228。电阻电路214响应于操作单元的操作(按压馈电开关222两次)而发送第一信号。CPLT振荡电路228通过从振荡停止状态变为振荡状态来发送第二信号。Preferably, the power station 200 further includes an operation unit (feed switch 222 ) for performing an operation of transmitting the first signal. The circuit includes a resistor circuit 214 and a CPLT oscillator circuit 228 . The resistance circuit 214 transmits the first signal in response to the operation of the operation unit (pressing the feed switch 222 twice). The CPLT oscillation circuit 228 transmits the second signal by changing from an oscillation stop state to an oscillation state.
上述实施例是示例性的，并且在所有方面是非限制性的。本发明的范围是由所附权利要求而非上述实施例的描述来定义的。本发明的范围意在涵盖所附权利要求及其等同物的范围内的所有修改。The above-described embodiments are illustrative and non-restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the description of the above embodiments. The scope of the present invention is intended to cover all modifications within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
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| JP2013136364AJP5735050B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2013-06-28 | Vehicle and power receiving device |
| JP2013-136364 | 2013-06-28 | ||
| PCT/IB2014/001126WO2014207531A2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-06-20 | Vehicle and power receiving device |
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