技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信及信号处理领域，且特别涉及一种感知无线电系统中利用多天线的高效通信方法。The invention relates to the fields of communication and signal processing, and in particular to an efficient communication method utilizing multiple antennas in a cognitive radio system.
背景技术Background technique
认知无线电技术是近年来发展很快的一种有效利用频谱资源的技术，在认知无线电中授权用户获得了对某一频谱的合法使用权，但是授权用户并不是一直在使用该频谱资源，当授权用户空闲时感知用户可以检测到空闲时间和其他用户利用该频谱资源进行通信，这样就可以使得授权用户的频谱可以得到充分的利用。Cognitive radio technology is a technology that has developed rapidly in recent years to effectively use spectrum resources. In cognitive radio, authorized users have obtained the legal right to use a certain spectrum, but authorized users have not been using the spectrum resources all the time. When the licensed user is idle, the sensing user can detect the idle time and communicate with other users using the spectrum resources, so that the spectrum of the licensed user can be fully utilized.
现有技术中提供了基于能量的频谱检测法、基于循环谱的检测法和基于Anderson-Darling检测法，这些方法的基本原理都是利用感知用户测得的信息从参数或频谱的特性出发判定授权用户是否在使用授权的频谱，如果空闲的话感知用户就可以和其他用户间进行通信。而要进行这样的判断就需要处理大量的数据，算法相对的复杂运算时间较长；而且这种方法还有一个限制就是只能在授权用户空闲的时候感知用户才能获得与其他用户通信的机会，否则会对授权用户形成干扰，这是不被允许的。The prior art provides energy-based spectrum detection methods, cyclic spectrum-based detection methods, and Anderson-Darling-based detection methods. The basic principles of these methods are to use the information measured by the perceived user to determine authorization from the characteristics of parameters or spectrum Whether the user is using the licensed spectrum, if it is free, the sensing user can communicate with other users. To make such a judgment, a large amount of data needs to be processed, and the algorithm is relatively complex and takes a long time to calculate; and this method also has a limitation that only when the authorized user is idle can the user be perceived to obtain the opportunity to communicate with other users. Doing so will interfere with authorized users and is not permitted.
在现有的方法中感知用户使用的是单天线，感知用户能否使用授权用户的频谱进行通信需要完成对授权用户频谱的检测，需要使用频谱感知的相应算法。而这些算法比较复杂且需要进行较长时间的计算。In the existing method, the sensing user uses a single antenna. Whether the sensing user can use the licensed user's spectrum for communication needs to complete the detection of the licensed user's spectrum, and the corresponding algorithm of spectrum sensing needs to be used. However, these algorithms are more complex and require a longer calculation time.
现有的方法中感知用户只能在授权用户使用频谱的空隙才能通信，在授权用户通信期间是无法使用和授权用户相同的频谱的，这就对感知用户的通信时段造成了很大的限制和不确定性。In the existing method, the sensing user can only communicate in the space where the authorized user uses the spectrum. During the communication period of the authorized user, the same spectrum as the authorized user cannot be used, which greatly restricts the communication period of the sensing user. Uncertainty.
感知用户通信的过程中必然会对其他的授权用户造成干扰，因此在通信的过程中要考虑一定功率控制策略，因此在通信的过程中就要进行反复的调整以使得对其他授权用户的干扰可以降低。The perception user communication process will inevitably cause interference to other authorized users. Therefore, a certain power control strategy must be considered during the communication process. Therefore, repeated adjustments must be made during the communication process so that the interference to other authorized users can be minimized. reduce.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提出一种感知无线电系统中利用多天线的高效通信方法，能够有效的利用频谱资源和提高感知用户的通信质量。The present invention proposes an efficient communication method using multiple antennas in a cognitive radio system, which can effectively utilize frequency spectrum resources and improve the communication quality of cognitive users.
为了达到上述目的，本发明提出一种感知无线电系统中利用多天线的高效通信方法，包括下列步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency communication method using multiple antennas in a cognitive radio system, including the following steps:
感知用户利用多天线判定授权用户方位；Sensing users use multiple antennas to determine the location of authorized users;
在授权用户方位上判断授权用户的通信情况；Judging the communication situation of the authorized user in the direction of the authorized user;
在已知的待通信用户的方位上利用多天线形成波束对待通信用户进行通信。The users to be communicated are communicated by using multi-antennas to form beams on the known azimuths of the users to be communicated.
进一步的，该方法还包括在授权用户的方位上形成零陷点，降低对授权用户的干扰。Further, the method also includes forming a null point on the azimuth of the authorized user to reduce interference to the authorized user.
进一步的，该方法还包括调整发射的功率在保证可靠通信的同时降低对其他用户的干扰。Further, the method also includes adjusting the transmission power to reduce interference to other users while ensuring reliable communication.
进一步的，所述感知用户的天线数量为大于等于4个。Further, the number of antennas of the sensing user is greater than or equal to 4.
进一步的，所述感知用户的多天线采用智能天线。Further, the multi-antennas for sensing users adopt smart antennas.
进一步的，所述感知用户利用多天线判定授权用户方位采用如下方法：信号入射到多天线时在每个天线上会有不同的路程差，从而接收的信号会在每个天线上有不同的空间相位，获取以上空间相位信息并进行空域处理，从而获得对入射信号的方位信息。Further, the sensing user uses multiple antennas to determine the position of the authorized user using the following method: when the signal is incident on the multiple antennas, there will be a different path difference on each antenna, so that the received signal will have a different space on each antenna. Phase, to obtain the above spatial phase information and perform spatial processing to obtain the orientation information of the incident signal.
进一步的，所述入射信号的方位信息采用如下计算方法：Further, the azimuth information of the incident signal adopts the following calculation method:
假设在感知用户端是用N个天线构成的均匀线阵，阵元的间距为d，在频率f时的传播系数为k，则当信号以θ角入射到天线阵时，在N个天线上由于天线间的间距对接收信号会有各自不同的附加相位，N个天线上的附加相位可以写成导向矢量的形式：Assuming that the sensing user end is a uniform linear array composed of N antennas, the distance between the array elements is d, and the propagation coefficient at frequency f is k, then when the signal is incident on the antenna array at an angle of θ, on the N antennas Since the distance between the antennas has different additional phases for the received signals, the additional phases on the N antennas can be written in the form of steering vectors:
a＝[1e-jkdsinθ…e-j(N-1)kdsinθ]T，a=[1e-jkdsinθ ...e-j(N-1)kdsinθ ]T ,
则当入射的信号为X(t)时，接收的到的信号可以表示为：Then when the incident signal is X(t), the received signal can be expressed as:
Y(t)＝a(θ)X(t)+n(t)+J(t)，Y(t)=a(θ)X(t)+n(t)+J(t),
其中的n(t)和J(t)分别是接收端的噪声和干扰，感知用户会对授权用户的频谱有一定的预知信息，因此在判定授权用户的方位时可以采用简单的搜索方式，即在接收端对接收到的各路信号乘以加权向量后相加，加权向量的形式为其中的“*”表示共轭运算；加权相加后的信号r(t)为：Among them, n(t) and J(t) are the noise and interference at the receiving end, respectively. The sensing user will have certain predictive information about the spectrum of the authorized user. Therefore, a simple search method can be used to determine the position of the authorized user. The receiving end multiplies the received signals by the weighted vector and adds them up. The form of the weighted vector is Among them, "*" means conjugate operation; the signal r(t) after weighted addition is:
在搜索中只有当时，加权后的信号正好是N个天线上接收信号的相干叠加会得到最大值，此时对应的就是授权用户的入射角，即得到信号的入射角。In search only if When , the weighted signal is exactly the coherent superposition of the received signals on N antennas will get the maximum value, and the corresponding It is the incident angle of the authorized user, that is, the incident angle at which the signal is obtained.
本发明提出的感知无线电系统中利用多天线的高效通信方法，能够有效的利用频谱资源和提高感知用户的通信质量。在本发明中感知用户端使用了多天线技术，利用多天线技术感知用户可以测得授权用户的方位信息，可以比较简单的判断授权用户是否在通信。而更重要的是感知用户可以利用预知待通信用户的方位信息，并以此可以利用多天线的空域处理能力为待通信用户形成特定的波束；在一般的情况下，当待通信用户和授权用户的空间方位差别较大时可以在授权用户通信的同时也可以利用授权用户的频谱和待通信用户进行通信，同时可以在授权用户的方位上形成零点以避免对授权用户造成干扰。这样就可以在有效利用频谱资源的同时也使得通信的质量得到了提高。The high-efficiency communication method using multiple antennas in the cognitive radio system proposed by the present invention can effectively utilize frequency spectrum resources and improve communication quality of cognitive users. In the present invention, the sensing user end uses the multi-antenna technology, and the sensing user can measure the position information of the authorized user by using the multi-antenna technology, and it is relatively simple to judge whether the authorized user is communicating. More importantly, the sensing user can use the location information of the user to be communicated in advance, and thus can use the multi-antenna airspace processing capability to form a specific beam for the user to be communicated; in general, when the user to be communicated and the authorized user When the spatial orientation of the licensed user is quite different, the spectrum of the authorized user can also be used to communicate with the user to be communicated while the authorized user is communicating. At the same time, a zero point can be formed on the azimuth of the authorized user to avoid interference to the authorized user. In this way, the quality of communication can be improved while spectrum resources are effectively used.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1所示为本发明较佳实施例的感知无线电系统中利用多天线的高效通信方法流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an efficient communication method using multiple antennas in a cognitive radio system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图给出本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明不限于以下的实施方式。根据下面说明和权利要求书，本发明的优点和特征将更清楚。需说明的是，附图均采用非常简化的形式且均使用非精准的比率，仅用于方便、明晰地辅助说明本发明实施例的目的。The specific embodiments of the present invention are given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that all the drawings are in very simplified form and use imprecise ratios, which are only used for the purpose of conveniently and clearly assisting in describing the embodiments of the present invention.
请参考图1，图1所示为本发明较佳实施例的感知无线电系统中利用多天线的高效通信方法流程图。本发明提出的感知无线电系统中利用多天线的高效通信方法，包括下列步骤：Please refer to FIG. 1 . FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an efficient communication method using multiple antennas in a cognitive radio system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The high-efficiency communication method using multiple antennas in the cognitive radio system proposed by the present invention includes the following steps:
步骤S100：感知用户利用多天线判定授权用户方位；Step S100: The sensing user uses multiple antennas to determine the position of the authorized user;
步骤S200：在授权用户方位上判断授权用户的通信情况；Step S200: Judging the communication situation of the authorized user in the direction of the authorized user;
步骤S300：在已知的待通信用户的方位上利用多天线形成波束对待通信用户进行通信。Step S300: Using multiple antennas to form beams on the known azimuth of the user to be communicated to communicate with the user to be communicated with.
在感知用户只有一个天线的情况下对授权用户的判断只能从频谱的特征方面入手来判断授权用户是否在工作，而当感知用户有多天线的情况下则可以利用空域处理技术估计得到授权用户的方位信息。在获得授权用户的方位信息后对特定频谱上信号的判断也会相对的简单，只需要判定有无授权用户的信号即可；因为此时在该方位上，该频段只有授权用户可能使用，判定的算法就可以简单化。In the case that the perceived user has only one antenna, the judgment of the authorized user can only be judged from the characteristics of the spectrum to determine whether the authorized user is working. When the perceived user has multiple antennas, the authorized user can be estimated by using airspace processing technology. location information. After obtaining the location information of the authorized user, it is relatively simple to judge the signal on the specific spectrum. It is only necessary to determine whether there is a signal of the authorized user; algorithm can be simplified.
假设在感知用户端设置了N个天线，对于接收到的信号由于处于远场区域可以认为是平面波，当平面波以θ角度入射到N个天线时在每个天线上会有不同的路程差，从而接收的信号会在每个天线上有不同的空间相位。利用这些空间的相位信息就可以进行空域的处理，从而获得对入射信号的方位信息的估计。从方位信息中可以基本确定接收的信号是从哪个角度入射到N元天线阵的，对于感知用户来说利用对接收到信号的方位的估计就判定了授权用户的来波方向，进一步的可以利用多天线的空域处理能力只对该方位的接收信号进行处理来判定在设定的频谱上授权用户是否正在通信。当已经估计得到了授权用户的方位信息后，感知用户可以只对授权用户方位上接收的信号进行分析和处理，而且针对的是特定的频谱，那么就可以简化算法，只需简单的判断在固定的方位、固定的频谱上有无信号即可，使计算的复杂度大为降低。Assuming that N antennas are set on the sensing user end, the received signal can be considered as a plane wave because it is in the far field area. When the plane wave is incident on the N antennas at an angle of θ, there will be a different path difference on each antenna, so The received signal will have a different spatial phase at each antenna. The phase information of these spaces can be used to process the space domain, so as to obtain the estimation of the orientation information of the incident signal. From the orientation information, it can be basically determined from which angle the received signal is incident on the N-element antenna array. For the sensing user, the direction of arrival of the authorized user can be determined by estimating the orientation of the received signal. Further, it can be used The airspace processing capability of the multi-antenna only processes the received signal of the azimuth to determine whether the authorized user is communicating on the set frequency spectrum. After the position information of the authorized user has been estimated, the sensing user can only analyze and process the signal received at the position of the authorized user, and for a specific frequency spectrum, then the algorithm can be simplified, and only a simple judgment is needed in a fixed The azimuth and the presence or absence of signals on a fixed frequency spectrum are all that is needed, which greatly reduces the complexity of calculation.
根据本发明较佳实施例，该方法还包括步骤S400：在授权用户的方位上形成零陷点，降低对授权用户的干扰。进一步的，该方法还包括步骤S500：调整发射的功率在保证可靠通信的同时降低对其他用户的干扰。所述感知用户的天线数量为大于等于4个，进一步的，所述感知用户的多天线采用智能天线。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes step S400: forming a null point on the azimuth of the authorized user to reduce interference to the authorized user. Further, the method further includes step S500: adjusting the transmission power to reduce interference to other users while ensuring reliable communication. The number of antennas of the sensing user is greater than or equal to 4, and further, the multi-antenna of the sensing user adopts a smart antenna.
所述感知用户利用多天线判定授权用户方位采用如下方法：信号入射到多天线时在每个天线上会有不同的路程差，从而接收的信号会在每个天线上有不同的空间相位，获取以上空间相位信息并进行空域处理，从而获得对入射信号的方位信息。The sensing user uses multiple antennas to determine the position of the authorized user using the following method: when the signal is incident on the multiple antennas, there will be different path differences on each antenna, so that the received signal will have different spatial phases on each antenna, and the obtained The above spatial phase information is processed in the spatial domain, so as to obtain the orientation information of the incident signal.
进一步的，所述入射信号的方位信息采用如下计算方法：Further, the azimuth information of the incident signal adopts the following calculation method:
假设在感知用户端是用N个天线构成的均匀线阵，阵元的间距为d，在频率f时的传播系数为k，则当信号以θ角入射到天线阵时，在N个天线上由于天线间的间距对接收信号会有各自不同的附加相位，N个天线上的附加相位可以写成导向矢量的形式：Assuming that the sensing user end is a uniform linear array composed of N antennas, the distance between the array elements is d, and the propagation coefficient at frequency f is k, then when the signal is incident on the antenna array at an angle of θ, on the N antennas Since the distance between the antennas has different additional phases for the received signals, the additional phases on the N antennas can be written in the form of steering vectors:
a＝[1e-jkdsinθ…e-j(N-1)kdsinθ]T，a=[1e-jkdsinθ ...e-j(N-1)kdsinθ ]T ,
则当入射的信号为X(t)时，接收的到的信号可以表示为：Then when the incident signal is X(t), the received signal can be expressed as:
Y(t)＝a(θ)X(t)+n(t)+J(t)，Y(t)=a(θ)X(t)+n(t)+J(t),
其中的n(t)和J(t)分别是接收端的噪声和干扰。一般来说感知用户会对授权用户的频谱有一定的预知信息，因此在判定授权用户的方位时可以采用简单的搜索方式，即在接收端对接收到的各路信号乘以加权向量后相加，加权向量的形式为其中的“*”表示共轭运算；加权相加后的信号r(t)为：Among them, n(t) and J(t) are noise and interference at the receiving end, respectively. Generally speaking, the sensing user will have certain predictive information on the spectrum of the authorized user, so a simple search method can be used when determining the position of the authorized user, that is, the received signal is multiplied by the weighted vector at the receiving end and then added , the form of the weight vector is Among them, "*" means conjugate operation; the signal r(t) after weighted addition is:
在搜索中只有当时，加权后的信号正好是N个天线上接收信号的相干叠加会得到最大值，此时对应的就是授权用户的入射角，即得到信号的入射角。In search only if When , the weighted signal is exactly the coherent superposition of the received signals on N antennas will get the maximum value, and the corresponding It is the incident angle of the authorized user, that is, the incident angle at which the signal is obtained.
在获得了授权用户的方位信息后，感知用户可以利用多天线形成波束对待通信用户进行通信，同时对授权用户形成零陷点，这样感知用户就可以和待通信用户进行通信的同时不会对授权用户造成干扰。感知用户通信时的波束成形的另一个好处是即使授权用户在通信状态，感知用户由于能形成特定的波束可以同时进行通信而不会对授权用户造成干扰。After obtaining the location information of the authorized user, the sensing user can use multiple antennas to form a beam to communicate with the user to be communicated, and at the same time form a null point for the authorized user, so that the sensing user can communicate with the user to be communicated without disturbing the authorized user. User is causing disturbance. Another advantage of beamforming when sensing users communicate is that even if authorized users are in communication, sensing users can communicate at the same time without causing interference to authorized users because they can form specific beams.
当已经利用感知用户端的多天线对来波的方位信息进行估计后，感知用户可以在设定的频谱上对授权用户的频谱使用情况加以估计和判断，即判断授权用户是否在通信。而对于感知用户来说，由于有N个天线，理论上可以在空间形成N-1个波束，那么在预知了待通信用户的方位信息后可以直接的对该方位形成波束，对该方位的待通信用户进行通信。一般地，当授权用户和待通信的用户的方位间距较大时，感知用户形成的波束可以区分授权用户和待通信的用户的方位，就可以在待通信的方位上形成特定的波束进行通信而不会对授权用户产生干扰。而且为了降低对授权用户的干扰，还可以有针对的在授权用户的方位形成零点，进一步的降低对授权用户的干扰。After the multi-antenna of the sensing user end has been used to estimate the orientation information of the incoming wave, the sensing user can estimate and judge the spectrum usage of the authorized user on the set spectrum, that is, judge whether the authorized user is communicating. For the sensing user, since there are N antennas, theoretically N-1 beams can be formed in space. Then, after predicting the orientation information of the user to be communicated, the beam can be directly formed for the orientation. Communication users communicate. Generally, when the azimuth distance between the authorized user and the user to be communicated is large, the beam formed by the sensing user can distinguish the azimuth of the authorized user and the user to be communicated, and a specific beam can be formed in the azimuth to be communicated for communication. No disruption to authorized users. Moreover, in order to reduce interference to authorized users, a zero point can also be formed in the direction of authorized users in a targeted manner to further reduce interference to authorized users.
当感知用户具有多天线时，和待通信用户的通信可以利用波束成形的定向通信来实现，这样就可以集中射频的能量用于通信，而在其他的方向上没有或辐射很低，可以有效的降低对附近其他用户的干扰。同时，由于波束成形的作用还可以减小发射功率，使用较低的功率水平就可以获得良好的通信质量。When the perceived user has multiple antennas, the communication with the user to be communicated can be realized by beamforming directional communication, so that the energy of the radio frequency can be concentrated for communication, and there is no or low radiation in other directions, which can be effectively Reduce interference to other nearby users. At the same time, due to the effect of beamforming, the transmission power can also be reduced, and good communication quality can be obtained with a lower power level.
当感知用户的N个天线在某个方位形成波束的时候，是把天线在空间辐射的能量加以集中对准了某一个特定方位，而在其他方位上无辐射或仅有相对较弱的辐射，因此感知用户在利用了波束成形后可以降低发射的强度，减少发射功率。另一方面，感知用户端的波束成形只对特定的通信方向形成波束，而其他的方位的辐射相对较弱，因此当感知用户通信时对其他方位上的用户的干扰也相对的较低。感知用户的波束成形使得在和待通信用户通信时不但获得了较高信噪比，而且对整个系统中其他用户的干扰得到了降低。在保证感知用户和待通信用户间可靠通信的同时，还可以通过功率控制适当的降低感知用户的发射功率，即保证了接收的信噪比又降低了对系统中其他用户的干扰水平。When the N antennas of the perceived user form beams in a certain direction, the energy radiated by the antennas in space is concentrated on a specific direction, while there is no radiation or only relatively weak radiation in other directions. Therefore, the perceived user can reduce the intensity of the transmission and reduce the transmission power after using the beamforming. On the other hand, the beamforming of the sensing user terminal only forms beams in a specific communication direction, while the radiation in other directions is relatively weak, so when the sensing user communicates, the interference to users in other directions is relatively low. The beamforming of the perceived user not only obtains a higher signal-to-noise ratio when communicating with the user to be communicated, but also reduces the interference to other users in the entire system. While ensuring reliable communication between the sensing user and the user to be communicated, the transmission power of the sensing user can also be appropriately reduced through power control, which ensures the received signal-to-noise ratio and reduces the interference level to other users in the system.
综上所述，现有的方法中感知用户端只有一个天线，需要对授权用户所使用的频谱进行复杂的计算和估计才能判定授权用户是否空闲。当感知用户端有多天线的时候可以对授权用户的方位信息进行估计，并对待通信用户形成特定的波束，而且在估计了授权用户的方位信息后对授权用户的频谱的估计会更简单。当感知用户具有多天线的情况下，即使在授权用户也在通信的状态下利用多天线的空域处理能力也可以形成波束对准待通信用户进行通信而不会对授权用户产生较大的干扰，这样就可以和授权用户一起同时使用相同的频谱，使频谱的利用率得到了有效的提高。在感知用户利用波束成形进行通信的过程中可以通过功率控制降低感知用户端的发射功率，提高接收端的信噪比水平；同时由于使用的是定向通信可以避免对临近其他用户造成不必要的干扰。To sum up, in the existing method, the sensing user end has only one antenna, and complex calculation and estimation of the spectrum used by the licensed user is required to determine whether the licensed user is idle. When the perceived user terminal has multiple antennas, the position information of the authorized user can be estimated, and a specific beam is formed for the user to be communicated, and the estimation of the spectrum of the authorized user will be simpler after the position information of the authorized user is estimated. When the perceived user has multiple antennas, even when the authorized user is also communicating, the airspace processing capability of the multi-antenna can be used to form a beam to align with the user to communicate without causing large interference to the authorized user. In this way, the same spectrum can be used simultaneously with the licensed user, so that the utilization rate of the spectrum is effectively improved. In the process of communication between sensing users using beamforming, power control can be used to reduce the transmit power of the sensing user end and improve the signal-to-noise ratio level of the receiving end; at the same time, due to the use of directional communication, unnecessary interference to other nearby users can be avoided.
本发明通过在感知用户端设置多天线可以对授权用户的方位信息加以估计，并对待通信的方位形成波束，可以和授权用户同时使用相同的频谱进行通信，并在获得良好的通信质量的同时降低对临近其他用户的干扰。The present invention can estimate the azimuth information of the authorized user by setting multiple antennas on the sensing user end, and form a beam for the azimuth to be communicated, and can use the same frequency spectrum for communication with the authorized user at the same time, and reduce the Interference with other nearby users.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明。本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此，本发明的保护范围当视权利要求书所界定者为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present invention can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
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