技术领域technical field
本发明涉及汽车安全技术领域，具体涉及一种形状记忆合金汽车智能吸能结构及其控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of automobile safety, in particular to an intelligent energy-absorbing structure of a shape-memory alloy automobile and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着汽车保有量的增加，交通事故频发，汽车安全问题已成为焦点问题。研究表明，汽车发生正面碰撞、侧面碰撞及尾部碰撞的概率分别为39％、38％、23％。汽车行业规定，当发生正面碰撞时，汽车前部吸能部件的吸能率要大于50％。因此，汽车前部薄壁结构起着极为重要的作用。With the increase of car ownership and frequent traffic accidents, car safety issues have become the focus of attention. Studies have shown that the probability of frontal collision, side collision and rear collision of automobiles is 39%, 38% and 23% respectively. The automobile industry stipulates that when a frontal collision occurs, the energy absorption rate of the energy-absorbing parts at the front of the automobile must be greater than 50%. Therefore, the thin-walled structure of the front of the car plays an extremely important role.
传统的汽车前部吸能部件，如中国专利CN104943636A、CN100480102C、CN204197064U，结构单一，质量大，吸能量少，大大降低了对乘员及车辆的保护效果，且维修成本高。Traditional energy-absorbing components at the front of automobiles, such as Chinese patents CN104943636A, CN100480102C, and CN204197064U, have a single structure, large mass, and low energy absorption, which greatly reduces the protection effect on occupants and vehicles, and the maintenance cost is high.
形状记忆合金材料作为典型的智能材料，具有高阻尼、超弹性、抗冲击等优良特性。在应力或者温度载荷下，形状记忆合金材料会发生马氏体和奥氏体的相互转变，从而吸收耗散掉大量能量，其吸能量可达几兆焦到几十兆焦每平方米，其阻尼性能比普通金属材料至少高一个数量级。因此，形状记忆合金材料是一种理想的吸能材料。As a typical smart material, shape memory alloy materials have excellent properties such as high damping, superelasticity, and impact resistance. Under stress or temperature load, the shape memory alloy material will undergo mutual transformation between martensite and austenite, thereby absorbing and dissipating a large amount of energy, and its energy absorption can reach several megajoules to tens of megajoules per square meter. The damping performance is at least an order of magnitude higher than that of ordinary metal materials. Therefore, shape memory alloy material is an ideal energy-absorbing material.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明设计开发了一种形状记忆合金汽车智能吸能结构，目的是解决现有技术中吸能部件的结构单一，质量大，吸能量少，汽车安全性与轻量化之间的矛盾，并且维修成本高等问题。本发明具有在多种碰撞环境下进行多级可控碰撞吸能，最大限度保护乘员及车辆的特点。The present invention designs and develops an intelligent energy-absorbing structure of a shape memory alloy automobile. high cost issues. The invention has the characteristics of carrying out multi-level controllable collision energy absorption under various collision environments, and maximally protecting the occupant and the vehicle.
本发明还设计开发了一种形状记忆合金汽车智能吸能结构的控制方法，目的是解决现有技术中控制方法单一，对形状记忆合金的加热温度控制性差等问题。本发明具有通过微机控制系统对形状记忆合金丝通以电流来控制其在低速碰撞、中高速碰撞和高速碰撞情况下的等效刚度及吸能量，使各部件按最合理的梯度变形顺序实现缓冲吸能，保障乘员和车辆安全的特点。The present invention also designs and develops a control method for an intelligent energy-absorbing structure of a shape-memory alloy automobile, aiming at solving the problems of single control method and poor controllability of the heating temperature of the shape-memory alloy in the prior art. The present invention controls the equivalent stiffness and energy absorption of the shape memory alloy wire in low-speed collision, medium-high-speed collision and high-speed collision through the microcomputer control system, so that each part can realize buffering according to the most reasonable gradient deformation sequence Energy absorption, the characteristics of ensuring the safety of passengers and vehicles.
本发明提供的技术方案为：The technical scheme provided by the invention is:
一种形状记忆合金汽车智能吸能结构，包括：An intelligent energy-absorbing structure of a shape memory alloy automobile, comprising:
防撞梁本体，其通过套筒式吸能盒与纵梁连接；The body of the anti-collision beam is connected to the longitudinal beam through a sleeve-type energy-absorbing box;
前部缓冲吸能器，其通过形状记忆合金丝与所述防撞梁本体连接；The front buffer energy absorber is connected to the anti-collision beam body through a shape memory alloy wire;
防侧撞吸能器，其搭接于所述防撞梁本体两端，所述防侧撞吸能器后端板与所述防撞梁本体端部之间通过所述形状记忆合金丝连接；Anti-collision energy absorber, which overlaps the two ends of the anti-collision beam body, the rear end plate of the anti-collision energy absorber and the end of the anti-collision beam body are connected by the shape memory alloy wire ;
控制器，其能够控制所述形状记忆合金丝的加热温度。A controller capable of controlling the heating temperature of the shape memory alloy wire.
优选的是，所述防撞体本体截面形状为“U”型，在“U”型槽内对称布置加强板；以及Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the body of the bumper body is "U"-shaped, and reinforcing plates are symmetrically arranged in the "U"-shaped groove; and
限制挡板，其用于限制所述防侧撞吸能器的安装位置。The limiting baffle is used to limit the installation position of the side impact energy absorber.
优选的是，所述前部缓冲吸能器包括：前端板、连杆及后端板；Preferably, the front buffer energy absorber includes: a front end plate, a connecting rod and a rear end plate;
其中，所述前端板通过所述连杆与所述后端板相连，所述后端板通过所述形状记忆合金丝与所述防撞梁本体连接。Wherein, the front end plate is connected to the rear end plate through the connecting rod, and the rear end plate is connected to the anti-collision beam body through the shape memory alloy wire.
优选的是，所述防侧撞吸能器一端设置变形诱导槽。Preferably, a deformation inducing groove is provided at one end of the side impact absorber.
优选的是，所述套筒式吸能盒由内套筒和外套筒相互搭接组成，所述形状记忆合金丝均布在所述外套筒外侧，一端连接在所述内套筒后端板上，另一端连接在所述纵梁上。Preferably, the sleeve-type energy-absorbing box is composed of an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve overlapping each other, the shape memory alloy wires are evenly distributed outside the outer sleeve, and one end is connected behind the inner sleeve The other end is connected to the longitudinal beam.
优选的是，还包括位置传感器、车速传感器和制动踏板力传感器。Preferably, a position sensor, a vehicle speed sensor and a brake pedal force sensor are also included.
优选的是，所述形状记忆合金丝为NiTi形状记忆合金丝。Preferably, the shape memory alloy wire is NiTi shape memory alloy wire.
一种形状记忆合金汽车智能吸能结构的控制方法，包括如下步骤：A control method for an intelligent energy-absorbing structure of a shape memory alloy automobile, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：通过位置传感器得到车距L，车速传感器得到车速V，制动踏板力传感器得到制动踏板开合角度β0，当同时满足以下条件时，汽车发生碰撞：Step 1: The vehicle distance L is obtained by the position sensor, the vehicle speed V is obtained by the vehicle speed sensor, and the brake pedal opening and closing angle β0 is obtained by the brake pedal force sensor. When the following conditions are met at the same time, the car collides:
(1)L＜s；(1) L<s;
(2)(2)
其中，s为安全距离，F为汽车总制动力，M为车重，f为汽车与地面摩擦系数，μ为路面附着系数，t为安全反应时间，g为重力加速度，β为未踩踏制动踏板时的制动踏板开合角度；Among them, s is the safety distance, F is the total braking force of the car, M is the weight of the car, f is the friction coefficient between the car and the ground, μ is the adhesion coefficient of the road surface, t is the safety reaction time, g is the acceleration of gravity, and β is the brake pedal opening when the brake pedal is not stepped on combined angle;
步骤二：对汽车碰撞环境进行判断，分为低速碰撞、中高速碰撞及高速碰撞：Step 2: Judging the collision environment of the car, divided into low-speed collision, medium-high-speed collision and high-speed collision:
当V＜30km/h时，汽车发生低速碰撞；其中，将安全距离s校正为s′，s′＝1.15s0.95；When V<30km/h, the car has a low-speed collision; wherein, the safety distance s is corrected to s′, s′=1.15s0.95 ;
当30km/h≤V＜60km/h时，汽车发生中高速碰撞；其中，将安全距离s校正为s′，s′＝1.28s0.95；When 30km/h≤V<60km/h, the car has a medium-high speed collision; wherein, the safety distance s is corrected to s′, s′=1.28s0.95 ;
当V≥60km/h时，汽车发生高速碰撞；其中，将安全距离s校正为s′，s′＝0.95s1.02；When V≥60km/h, the car has a high-speed collision; wherein, the safety distance s is corrected to s′, s′=0.95s1.02 ;
步骤三：根据碰撞环境，控制器控制形状记忆合金丝进行通电加热，低速碰撞时，将所述形状记忆合金丝通电加热到20℃～35℃；中高速碰撞时，将所述形状记忆合金丝通电加热到50℃～70℃；高速碰撞时，将所述形状记忆合金丝通电加热到85℃～105℃。Step 3: According to the collision environment, the controller controls the shape memory alloy wire to be energized and heated. During a low-speed collision, the shape memory alloy wire is energized and heated to 20°C to 35°C; Electric heating to 50°C-70°C; during high-speed collision, the shape-memory alloy wire is electric-heated to 85°C-105°C.
优选的是，所述步骤一中，根据车重M将碰撞环境判断的计算公式中的安全反应时间t校正为安全反应时间t′：Preferably, in the first step, the safe reaction time t in the calculation formula for judging the collision environment is corrected to the safe reaction time t′ according to the vehicle weight M:
车重M满足条件M＜1400kg时，t′＝0.99t1.003；When the vehicle weight M satisfies the condition M<1400kg, t′=0.99t1.003 ;
车重M满足条件1400kg≤M＜1800kg，t′＝1.01t0.98；The vehicle weight M satisfies the condition 1400kg≤M<1800kg, t′=1.01t0.98 ;
车重M满足条件M≥1800kg时，t′＝1.02t0.99。When the vehicle weight M satisfies the condition M≥1800kg, t′=1.02t0.99 .
优选的是，Preferably,
所述步骤一中，根据环境温度T及相对湿度RH％将碰撞环境判断的计算公式中的安全反应时间t校正为安全反应时间t″：In the first step, the safe reaction time t in the calculation formula for judging the collision environment is corrected to the safe reaction time t″ according to the ambient temperature T and the relative humidity RH%:
当环境温度15℃≤T≤25℃时，When the ambient temperature is 15℃≤T≤25℃,
(1)相对湿度RH％满足条件75％≤RH％＜100％，t″＝1.21t0.91；(1) The relative humidity RH% satisfies the condition 75%≤RH%＜100%, t″=1.21t0.91 ;
(2相对湿度RH％满足条件RH％＝100％，t″＝1.30t0.87；(2 relative humidity RH% meets condition RH%=100%, t "=1.30t0.87 ;
所述步骤二中，根据碰撞环境，控制器控制对形状记忆合金丝进行通电加热，低速碰撞时，将所述形状记忆合金丝通电加热到20℃；中高速碰撞时，将所述形状记忆合金丝通电加热到60℃；高速碰撞时，将所述形状记忆合金丝通电加热到90℃。In the second step, according to the collision environment, the controller controls the shape memory alloy wire to be energized and heated. During low-speed collision, the shape memory alloy wire is energized and heated to 20°C; The wire is energized and heated to 60°C; during high-speed collision, the shape memory alloy wire is energized and heated to 90°C.
本发明与现有技术相比较所具有的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects:
1、该吸能结构吸能量大、效率高且智能可控，一种形状记忆合金汽车智能吸能结构由防撞梁本体、前部缓冲吸能器、防侧撞吸能器和套筒式吸能盒组成，充分利用了形状记忆合金材料的高阻尼、抗冲击特性，对汽车碰撞进行缓冲吸能，并可通过微机控制系统根据形状记忆合金材料的相变特性来调节形状记忆合金材料的等效刚度、吸能量等，使得智能吸能结构可在多种碰撞环境下按规定的梯度变形顺序实现多级吸能；1. The energy-absorbing structure has large energy absorption, high efficiency, and is intelligently controllable. A shape-memory alloy automobile intelligent energy-absorbing structure consists of an anti-collision beam body, a front buffer energy absorber, an anti-side impact energy absorber and a sleeve type The composition of the energy-absorbing box makes full use of the high damping and impact resistance characteristics of the shape memory alloy material to buffer and absorb the energy of the car collision, and the microcomputer control system can adjust the shape memory alloy material according to the phase change characteristics of the shape memory alloy material. Equivalent stiffness, energy absorption, etc., enable the intelligent energy-absorbing structure to realize multi-stage energy absorption in a variety of collision environments according to the prescribed gradient deformation sequence;
2、当发生低速正面碰撞时，前部缓冲吸能器及套筒式吸能盒中设置的形状记忆合金丝被拉伸吸能。维修时，只需加热形状记忆合金丝，吸能结构便可恢复原状；当发生高速正面碰撞时，前部缓冲吸能器及套筒式吸能盒中的形状记忆合金丝被拉伸，实现一级能量吸收，剩余能量由防撞梁本体及吸能盒套筒压溃完成二级能量吸收；当发生侧面碰撞时，防侧撞吸能器可通过形状记忆合金丝拉伸吸能和外伸部分压溃吸能实现二级能量吸收。进一步的，可通过微机控制系统对形状记忆合金丝通以电流来控制其在低速碰撞、中高速碰撞和高速碰撞情况下的等效刚度及吸能量，使各部件按最合理的梯度变形顺序实现缓冲吸能，保障乘员和车辆安全。2. When a low-speed frontal collision occurs, the shape-memory alloy wires set in the front buffer energy absorber and the sleeve-type energy-absorbing box are stretched to absorb energy. During maintenance, the shape memory alloy wire only needs to be heated, and the energy-absorbing structure can be restored to its original shape; when a high-speed frontal collision occurs, the shape-memory alloy wire in the front buffer energy absorber and the sleeve-type energy-absorbing box is stretched to realize First-level energy absorption, and the remaining energy is crushed by the anti-collision beam body and the sleeve of the energy-absorbing box to complete the second-level energy absorption; The extended part crushes and absorbs energy to realize secondary energy absorption. Further, the microcomputer control system can pass current to the shape memory alloy wire to control its equivalent stiffness and energy absorption in the case of low-speed collision, medium-high-speed collision and high-speed collision, so that each part can be realized in the most reasonable gradient deformation sequence. Buffer energy absorption to ensure the safety of passengers and vehicles.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;
图2本发明所述的防撞梁本体结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-collision beam body according to the present invention;
图3本发明所述的前部缓冲吸能器结构示意图；Fig. 3 structural representation of the front buffer energy absorber of the present invention;
图4本发明所述的前部缓冲吸能器工作原理图；Fig. 4 working principle diagram of the front buffer energy absorber of the present invention;
图5本发明所述防侧撞吸能器结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-side impact energy absorber of the present invention;
图6本发明所述防侧撞吸能器工作原理图；Fig. 6 is a working principle diagram of the side impact energy absorber of the present invention;
图7本发明所述套筒式吸能盒结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the sleeve-type energy-absorbing box of the present invention;
图8本发明所述套筒式吸能盒工作原理图；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the sleeve-type energy-absorbing box of the present invention;
图9本发明所述微机控制系统工作原理图。Fig. 9 is a working principle diagram of the microcomputer control system of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the description.
如图1～8所示，本发明提供了一种形状记忆合金汽车智能吸能结构，其包括防撞梁本体110、前部缓冲吸能器120、防侧撞吸能器130、套筒式吸能盒140和微机控制系统200，在防撞梁本体110中间部位设置有前部缓冲吸能器120，前部缓冲吸能器120后端板与防撞梁本体100之间连接有形状记忆合金丝123；防撞梁本体110两端设置有防侧撞吸能器130，防侧撞吸能器130外伸部分加工有变形诱导槽137，防侧撞吸能器130后端板134与防撞梁本体110端部之间连接有形状记忆合金丝133；防撞梁本体110通过套筒式吸能盒140与纵梁150连接；当发生碰撞时，形状记忆合金材料与吸能结构先后完成缓冲吸能，并且可通过汽车微机控制系统200来调节形状记忆合金材料的等效刚度和吸能量等参数，使其适应于各种碰撞环境，微机控制系统200包括位置传感器、车速传感器、制动踏板力传感器、汽车ECU210、蓄电池220和控制电路230，微机控制系统200能够通过位置传感器、车速传感器和制动踏板力传感器分别把车距信息、车速信息和制动信息反馈给汽车ECU210，汽车ECU210做出判断，以此来控制蓄电池220通过控制电路230对形状记忆合金丝通电加热，使形状记忆合金丝的等效刚度和吸能量发生改变，以适应不同碰撞环境，保护乘员和车辆，微机控制系统200根据传感器信息，将碰撞环境分为低速碰撞、中高速碰撞和高速碰撞三类，在不同碰撞环境下，通过电加热的方式把形状记忆合金丝加热到不同温度，使其等效刚度和吸能量与碰撞环境相匹配，以便各吸能部件满足梯度变形顺序，最大程度的吸收汽车碰撞能量。As shown in Figures 1 to 8, the present invention provides an intelligent energy-absorbing structure of a shape memory alloy automobile, which includes an anti-collision beam body 110, a front buffer energy absorber 120, an anti-side impact energy absorber 130, a sleeve type The energy-absorbing box 140 and the microcomputer control system 200 are provided with a front buffer energy absorber 120 in the middle of the anti-collision beam body 110, and a shape memory is connected between the rear end plate of the front buffer energy absorber 120 and the anti-collision beam body 100 Alloy wire 123; the two ends of the anti-collision beam body 110 are provided with anti-side impact energy absorbers 130, and the protruding parts of the anti-side impact energy absorbers 130 are processed with deformation induction grooves 137, and the rear end plates 134 of the anti-side impact energy absorbers 130 are A shape memory alloy wire 133 is connected between the ends of the anti-collision beam body 110; the anti-collision beam body 110 is connected to the longitudinal beam 150 through a sleeve-type energy-absorbing box 140; when a collision occurs, the shape-memory alloy material and the energy-absorbing structure Complete the buffer energy absorption, and adjust the equivalent stiffness and energy absorption parameters of the shape memory alloy material through the automobile microcomputer control system 200, so that it can adapt to various collision environments. The microcomputer control system 200 includes position sensors, vehicle speed sensors, Power pedal force sensor, automobile ECU210, battery 220 and control circuit 230, microcomputer control system 200 can respectively feed back vehicle distance information, vehicle speed information and braking information to automobile ECU210 through position sensor, vehicle speed sensor and brake pedal force sensor, automobile ECU210, automobile The ECU210 makes a judgment to control the battery 220 to heat the shape memory alloy wire through the control circuit 230, so that the equivalent stiffness and energy absorption of the shape memory alloy wire change, so as to adapt to different collision environments and protect passengers and vehicles. According to the sensor information, the control system 200 divides the collision environment into three types: low-speed collision, medium-high-speed collision and high-speed collision. Under different collision environments, the shape memory alloy wire is heated to different temperatures by electric heating to make its equivalent stiffness Match the energy-absorbing energy with the collision environment, so that each energy-absorbing component can meet the gradient deformation sequence, and absorb the collision energy of the car to the greatest extent.
在另一种实施例中，防撞梁本体100截面形状为“U”型，且带有翻边，用于连接其他吸能部件，防撞梁本体100“U”型槽内设置有加强板111，有效降低碰撞加速度峰值及折弯变形现象，在防撞梁本体100内还设置有限制挡板136，其用于限制所述防侧撞吸能器130的安装位置。In another embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the anti-collision beam body 100 is "U" with flanges for connecting other energy-absorbing components, and a reinforcing plate is arranged in the "U"-shaped groove of the anti-collision beam body 100 111 , to effectively reduce the peak value of collision acceleration and bending deformation. A limiting baffle 136 is also provided in the anti-collision beam body 100 , which is used to limit the installation position of the side impact energy absorber 130 .
在另一种实施例中，前部缓冲吸能器120包括前端板121、连杆122及后端板124，前端板121通过连杆122与后端板124相连，通过调节螺栓125调节后端板124的位置，通过形状记忆合金丝123一端连接前部缓冲吸能器120的后端板124，另一端连接防撞梁本体110，且在调节螺栓125的作用下处于张紧状态，当发生碰撞时，首先是形状记忆合金丝123拉伸吸能，剩余能量再由防撞梁本体110变形吸收。In another embodiment, the front buffer energy absorber 120 includes a front end plate 121, a connecting rod 122 and a rear end plate 124. The position of the plate 124 is connected to the rear end plate 124 of the front buffer energy absorber 120 through one end of the shape memory alloy wire 123, and the other end is connected to the anti-collision beam body 110, and is in a tensioned state under the action of the adjusting bolt 125. When colliding, the shape memory alloy wire 123 is first stretched to absorb energy, and the remaining energy is absorbed by the deformation of the anti-collision beam body 110 .
在另一种实施例中，防侧撞吸能器130包括外伸部分131、搭接部分132、后端板134及调节螺栓135，在外伸部分131表面加工有变形导槽137，当发生侧面碰撞时，首先形状记忆合金丝133拉伸吸能，当后端板134与位置限制挡板136接触时，外伸部分131会压溃吸能，变形诱导槽137可使外伸部分131均匀变形，降低碰撞加速度峰值。In another embodiment, the side impact energy absorber 130 includes an overhanging part 131, an overlapping part 132, a rear end plate 134, and an adjusting bolt 135. A deformation guide groove 137 is processed on the surface of the overhanging part 131. When colliding, the shape memory alloy wire 133 first stretches to absorb energy, and when the rear end plate 134 is in contact with the position limiting baffle 136, the overhanging part 131 will crush and absorb energy, and the deformation induction groove 137 can make the overhanging part 131 deform evenly , to reduce the peak acceleration of the collision.
在另一种实施例中，套筒式吸能盒140由内套筒142和外套筒145相互搭接组成吸能盒本体，套筒式吸能盒140包括内套筒前端板141、内套筒142、内套筒后端板144、外套筒145、外套筒后端板148、形状记忆合金丝146及调节螺栓147，内套筒142和外套筒145上均设置有变形诱导槽143，内套筒后端板144上连接有形状记忆合金丝146，并且形状记忆合金丝146对称均布在外套筒145外侧，一端连接内套筒后端板144，另一端连接在纵梁150上，这样可保证在有限的空间内充分增加形状记忆合金丝146的长度，保证形状记忆合金丝146的变形吸收量；当发生碰撞时，首先形状记忆合金丝146拉伸，实现一级能量吸收，剩余的能量由内套筒142、外套筒145压溃吸收，完成二级吸能，内套筒142、外套筒145上的变形诱导槽143可使内套筒142、外套筒145均匀变形，有效降低碰撞加速度峰值，同时使碰撞力合理的传递给纵梁150。In another embodiment, the telescopic crash box 140 is composed of an inner sleeve 142 and an outer sleeve 145 overlapping each other to form a crash box body, and the telescopic crash box 140 includes a front end plate 141 of the inner sleeve, an inner Sleeve 142, inner sleeve rear end plate 144, outer sleeve 145, outer sleeve rear end plate 148, shape memory alloy wire 146 and adjusting bolt 147, both inner sleeve 142 and outer sleeve 145 are provided with deformation induction Groove 143, shape memory alloy wires 146 are connected to the rear end plate 144 of the inner sleeve, and the shape memory alloy wires 146 are symmetrically and evenly distributed on the outside of the outer sleeve 145, one end is connected to the inner sleeve rear end plate 144, and the other end is connected to the longitudinal beam 150, this can ensure that the length of the shape memory alloy wire 146 is fully increased in a limited space to ensure the deformation absorption of the shape memory alloy wire 146; Absorption, the remaining energy is crushed and absorbed by the inner sleeve 142 and the outer sleeve 145 to complete the secondary energy absorption. The deformation induction groove 143 on the inner sleeve 142 and the outer sleeve 145 can make the inner sleeve 142 and the outer sleeve 145 is uniformly deformed, effectively reducing the peak value of the collision acceleration, and at the same time, the collision force is reasonably transmitted to the longitudinal beam 150 .
在另一种实施例中，形状记忆合金丝为NiTi形状记忆合金丝，具有高阻尼、超弹性、形状记忆效应、耐腐蚀等特点，在任何情况下，NiTi形状记忆合金的阻尼性能至少比传统材料如钢高一个数量级，冲击载荷时，马氏体的介质损耗系数可达10％，形状记忆合金丝的连接方式为焊接，并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此，在实施本发明时，形状记忆合金丝也可为铜基形状记忆合金丝或者铁基形状记忆合金丝，同时形状记忆合金丝的连接方式也可为粘接、压铆或机械夹持，在本发明中，形状记忆合金丝在螺母的调节作用下处于张紧状态。In another embodiment, the shape memory alloy wire is NiTi shape memory alloy wire, which has the characteristics of high damping, superelasticity, shape memory effect, and corrosion resistance. In any case, the damping performance of NiTi shape memory alloy is at least better than that of traditional Materials such as steel are an order of magnitude higher. During impact loads, the dielectric loss coefficient of martensite can reach 10%. The connection method of shape memory alloy wire is welding, and this method is only a description of a better example, but not Limited to this, when implementing the present invention, the shape memory alloy wire can also be a copper-based shape memory alloy wire or an iron-based shape memory alloy wire, and the connection method of the shape memory alloy wire can also be bonding, pressure riveting or mechanical clamping Hold, in the present invention, the shape memory alloy wire is in a tensioned state under the adjustment action of the nut.
本发明还提供了一种形状记忆合金汽车智能吸能结构的控制方法，包括如下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for controlling the intelligent energy-absorbing structure of a shape memory alloy automobile, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：通过微机控制系统200中的位置传感器得到车距L，单位为m，车速传感器得到车速V，单位为km/h，制动踏板力传感器得到制动踏板开合角度β0，将信息反馈至汽车ECU210，当同时满足以下条件时，汽车发生碰撞，Step 1: Obtain the vehicle distance L through the position sensor in the microcomputer control system 200, the unit is m, the vehicle speed V is obtained by the vehicle speed sensor, the unit is km/h, the brake pedal force sensor obtains the brake pedal opening and closing angle β0 , and the information Feedback to the car ECU210, when the following conditions are met at the same time, the car will collide,
(1)L＜s；(1) L<s;
(2)(2)
其中，s为安全距离，单位为m，F为汽车总制动力，单位为N，M为车重，单位为kg，f为汽车与地面摩擦系数，μ为路面附着系数，t为安全反应时间，单位为s，g为重力加速度，单位为m/s2，β为未踩踏制动踏板时的制动踏板开合角度；在本实施例中，μ＝0.82；Among them, s is the safety distance, The unit is m, F is the total braking force of the vehicle, the unit is N, M is the vehicle weight, the unit is kg, f is the friction coefficient between the vehicle and the ground, μ is the road surface adhesion coefficient, t is the safety reaction time, the unit is s, g is Acceleration of gravity, the unit is m/s2 , β is the opening and closing angle of the brake pedal when the brake pedal is not stepped on; in this embodiment, μ=0.82;
步骤二：对汽车碰撞环境进行判断，分为低速碰撞、中高速碰撞及高速碰撞：Step 2: Judging the collision environment of the car, divided into low-speed collision, medium-high-speed collision and high-speed collision:
当V＜30km/h时，汽车发生低速碰撞；其中，将安全距离s校正为s′，s′＝1.15s0.95；When V<30km/h, the car has a low-speed collision; wherein, the safety distance s is corrected to s′, s′=1.15s0.95 ;
当30km/h≤V＜60km/h时，汽车发生中高速碰撞；其中，将安全距离s校正为s′，s′＝1.28s0.95；When 30km/h≤V<60km/h, the car has a medium-high speed collision; wherein, the safety distance s is corrected to s′, s′=1.28s0.95 ;
当V≥60km/h时，汽车发生高速碰撞；其中，将安全距离s校正为s′，s′＝0.95s1.02；When V≥60km/h, the car has a high-speed collision; wherein, the safety distance s is corrected to s′, s′=0.95s1.02 ;
步骤三：根据碰撞环境，微机控制系统通过汽车ECU210做出的判断，控制蓄电池220通过控制电路230对形状记忆合金丝进行通电加热，采用NiTi形状记忆合金丝具有发热快、可控性好等优点，实验表明，低速碰撞时，将NiTi形状记忆合金丝通电加热到20℃～35℃，所需时间为30ms；中高速碰撞时，将NiTi形状记忆合金丝通电加热到50℃～70℃，所需时间为35ms；高速碰撞时，将NiTi形状记忆合金丝通电加热到85℃～105℃，所需时间为40ms；在本实施例中，选用NiTi形状记忆合金丝，在低速碰撞时，将形状记忆合金丝通电加热到20℃，使NiTi形状记忆合金丝的等效割线刚度KS为3.01GPa，单圈循环耗能ΔW为7.63MJ/m3；中高速碰撞时，将形状记忆合金丝通电加热到60℃，使NiTi形状记忆合金丝的等效割线刚度KS为6.35GPa，单圈循环耗能ΔW为10.39MJ/m3；高速碰撞时，将形状记忆合金丝通电加热到90℃，使NiTi形状记忆合金丝的等效割线刚度KS为8.56GPa，单圈循环耗能ΔW为12.93MJ/m3；通过加热温度不同，使形状记忆合金丝实现不同的缓冲吸能。Step 3: According to the collision environment, the microcomputer control system controls the battery 220 to heat the shape memory alloy wire through the control circuit 230 through the judgment made by the automobile ECU210. The NiTi shape memory alloy wire has the advantages of fast heating and good controllability. , the experiment shows that when the NiTi shape memory alloy wire is energized and heated to 20 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ in the case of low speed collision, the time required is 30 ms; The required time is 35ms; when the high-speed collision occurs, the NiTi shape memory alloy wire is energized and heated to 85°C to 105°C, and the required time is 40ms; in this embodiment, the NiTi shape memory alloy wire is selected, and the shape The memory alloy wire is energized and heated to 20°C, so that the equivalent secant stiffness KS of the NiTi shape memory alloy wire is 3.01GPa, and the energy consumption ΔW of a single cycle is 7.63MJ/m3 ; Electric heating to 60 ℃, so that the equivalent secant stiffness KS of the NiTi shape memory alloy wire is 6.35GPa, and the energy consumption ΔW of a single cycle is 10.39MJ/m3 ; ℃, so that the equivalent secant stiffness KS of the NiTi shape memory alloy wire is 8.56GPa, and the energy consumption ΔW of a single cycle is 12.93MJ/m3 ; the shape memory alloy wire can achieve different buffer energy absorption by different heating temperatures.
在另一种实施例中，在步骤一中，根据车重M将碰撞环境判断的计算公式中的安全反应时间t校正为安全反应时间t′：In another embodiment, in step 1, the safe reaction time t in the calculation formula for judging the collision environment is corrected to the safe reaction time t′ according to the vehicle weight M:
车重M满足条件M＜1400kg时，t′＝0.99t1.003；When the vehicle weight M satisfies the condition M<1400kg, t′=0.99t1.003 ;
车重M满足条件1400kg≤M＜1800kg，t′＝1.01t0.98；The vehicle weight M satisfies the condition 1400kg≤M<1800kg, t′=1.01t0.98 ;
车重M满足条件M≥1800kg时，t′＝1.02t0.99。When the vehicle weight M satisfies the condition M≥1800kg, t′=1.02t0.99 .
在另一种实施例中，在步骤一中，根据环境温度T及相对湿度RH％将碰撞环境判断的计算公式中的安全反应时间t校正为安全反应时间t″：In another embodiment, in step 1, the safe reaction time t in the calculation formula for collision environment judgment is corrected to the safe reaction time t″ according to the ambient temperature T and the relative humidity RH%:
当环境温度15℃≤T≤25℃时，When the ambient temperature is 15℃≤T≤25℃,
(1)相对湿度RH％满足条件75％≤RH％＜100％，t″＝1.21t0.91；在本实施例中，μ＝0.53；(1) The relative humidity RH% satisfies the condition 75%≤RH%＜100%, t″=1.21t0.91 ; in the present embodiment, μ=0.53;
(2)相对湿度RH％满足条件RH％＝100％，t″＝1.30t0.87；在本实施例中，μ＝0.28。(2) The relative humidity RH% satisfies the condition RH%=100%, t″=1.30t0.87 ; in this embodiment, μ=0.28.
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。Although the embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the use listed in the specification and implementation, it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, and it can be easily understood by those skilled in the art Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20170801 Termination date:20171214 | |
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