技术领域technical field
本发明所属技术领域为移动医疗和尿液检测领域。The technical field of the present invention is the field of mobile medical treatment and urine detection.
目前医疗和健康管理是互联网应用的一个重要领域，移动应用的兴起为医疗服务及个人健康管理创造了巨大的发展空间。在欧美发达国家，医疗卫生信息化已远远走在世界的前面。美国某著名咨询公司调查发现，美国医护人员应用移动设备协助诊疗工作的人数比例高达70％。在大屏幕智能手机未普及之前，医护人员的移动应用基本上都是采用掌上电脑(PDA)。现在PDA的功能被集成到大屏幕智能手机里。中国没有经历PDA普及使用的阶段，而是直接升级到了大屏幕智能手机及3G应用，差距迅速缩小，给行业应用创造了平台。随着人们对健康生活的需求，健康类软件将越来越受到重视。移动健康应用包括移动医疗和移动健康管理，主要指消费者通过移动终端和移动通信技术获得更好的医疗和健康管理服务。At present, medical care and health management are an important field of Internet applications, and the rise of mobile applications has created a huge development space for medical services and personal health management. In developed countries in Europe and the United States, medical and health informatization has been far ahead of the world. A survey by a well-known consulting company in the United States found that the proportion of American medical staff who use mobile devices to assist in diagnosis and treatment is as high as 70%. Before large-screen smart phones were popularized, the mobile applications of medical staff were basically PDAs. Now the functions of the PDA are integrated into the big-screen smartphone. China has not experienced the stage of popularization of PDA, but has directly upgraded to large-screen smart phones and 3G applications, and the gap has narrowed rapidly, creating a platform for industry applications. With people's demand for a healthy life, health software will receive more and more attention. Mobile health applications include mobile medical care and mobile health management, mainly referring to consumers obtaining better medical and health management services through mobile terminals and mobile communication technologies.
尿液分析是泌尿系统疾病诊断、疗效观察及预后的首选项目，也可用于代谢系统疾病的诊断，反映肾脏和泌尿道等方面疾病的严重程度和进展情况。无论是哪种系统的病变导致血液成分出现改变的时候，均会在很大的程度上导致尿液成分的相应病变。常见的泌尿系统的炎症、结石、肿瘤、血管病变及肾移植术后发生排异反应等情况，通过对人体的尿液分析对泌尿系统诊断与疗效观察有着非常重要的意义。同时尿液分析还能够筛查有无肾、肝等疾病，以对于早期诊断及预防有很大帮助。Urinalysis is the first choice for the diagnosis, curative effect observation and prognosis of urinary system diseases. It can also be used for the diagnosis of metabolic system diseases, reflecting the severity and progress of diseases in the kidney and urinary tract. No matter what kind of systemic lesions lead to changes in blood components, it will lead to corresponding lesions in urine components to a large extent. Common urinary system inflammation, calculi, tumors, vascular lesions, and rejection after kidney transplantation are of great significance to the diagnosis and curative effect observation of the urinary system through human urinalysis. At the same time, urinalysis can also screen for kidney, liver and other diseases, which is very helpful for early diagnosis and prevention.
医用尿液分析仪的原理是将吸附有尿液的试剂带放在仪器比色槽内，试剂带上已产生化学反应的各种试剂垫被光源照射，其反射光被球面积分仪接收，球面积分仪的光电管被反射的双波长光(通过滤片的测定光和一束参考光)照射，各波长的选择由检测项目决定。仪器按反射率公式R(％)＝Tm.Cs/TsCm×100％自动化计算出反射率，然后与标准曲线比较，找出各种成分的相应结果，其中，R(％)为反射率；Tm为试剂垫对测定波长的反射强度；Ts为试剂垫对参考波长的反射强度；Cm为较准垫对测定疵长的反射强度；Cs为校准对参考波长的反射强度。尿液中某种成分含量高，其相应试剂垫的反射光较暗，否则较强。The principle of the medical urine analyzer is to place the reagent strip with absorbed urine in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have undergone chemical reactions on the reagent strip are irradiated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical integrator. The photocell of the integrator is irradiated by reflected dual-wavelength light (measuring light passing through the filter and a beam of reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item. The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the reflectance formula R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%, and then compares it with the standard curve to find out the corresponding results of various components. Among them, R(%) is the reflectance; Tm Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the alignment pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the reference wavelength. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad will be darker, otherwise it will be stronger.
本发明提出并设计了一种仅利用各种智能移动终端设备通过对尿液试纸照相就可以得到尿液主要成分分析结果的方法和应用系统，实现低成本的、便捷的尿液成分的重点项目分析和监控。The present invention proposes and designs a method and an application system that can obtain the analysis results of the main components of urine by taking pictures of urine test papers only by using various intelligent mobile terminal devices, and realize the key items of low-cost and convenient urine components Analytics and Monitoring.
背景技术Background technique
1.现在常规医用尿液检测设备采用的是光反射率检测方法，尿液分析仪的原理是将吸附有尿液的试剂带放在仪器比色槽内，试剂带上已产生化学反应的各种试剂垫被光源照射，其反射光被球面积分仪接收，球面积分仪的光电管被反射的双波长光(通过滤片的测定光和一束参考光)照射，各波长的选择由检测项目决定。但是设备较大并且需要专业人操作，一般只能在医疗机构使用，无法满足现代移动移动医疗和健康管理所体现的低成本和便捷的宗旨。1. The current conventional medical urine testing equipment adopts the light reflectance detection method. The principle of the urine analyzer is to put the reagent strip with absorbed urine in the colorimetric tank of the instrument. The reagent pad is irradiated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical integrator, and the photocell of the spherical integrator is irradiated by the reflected dual-wavelength light (measurement light through the filter and a beam of reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item. Decide. However, the equipment is large and requires professional operation, and generally can only be used in medical institutions, which cannot meet the low-cost and convenient purposes embodied in modern mobile medical and health management.
本发明基于数码照相技术，数码照相在影像摄取部分主要有拍摄镜头，取景镜头，闪光灯，感光器和自拍指示灯等；在成像及记录方面，数码摄像主要靠感光芯片及记忆卡，过内部处理把拍摄到的景物转换成以数字格式存放的图像。因此，通过移动终端照相技术得到的图片实际为位图格式，可以从中提取出照片各个像素点色彩的RGB(红绿蓝)或HSV(色调、饱和度、亮度)分量。The present invention is based on digital photography technology, and the digital photography mainly includes a photographing lens, a viewfinder lens, a flashlight, a photoreceptor and a Selfie indicator light, etc. in the image capturing part; in terms of imaging and recording, the digital photography mainly relies on a photosensitive chip and a memory card for internal processing. Convert the captured scene into an image stored in digital format. Therefore, the picture obtained through the mobile terminal photography technology is actually a bitmap format, from which the RGB (red, green and blue) or HSV (hue, saturation, brightness) components of the color of each pixel of the photo can be extracted.
2.本发明利用了尿液与检测试纸的显色反应。将试样中被测组分转变成有色化合物的化学反应，叫显色反应。尿液检测中，专用检测试纸中的试剂会与尿液成分产生显色反应的现象。同时试纸上含不同检测试剂的试剂垫针对尿液中不同成分会有特定的显色特性和规律性的特点，依此可以实现对尿液中相应成分浓度的测定。例如，尿液潜血分析试纸的反应原理是利用血红蛋白中的亚铁血红素的假过氧化物酶活性催化分解过氧化物，产生新生态的氧，氧化指示剂，使指示剂显色，从显色的强度可以得知尿液中血的浓度。2. The present invention utilizes the color reaction between urine and test paper. The chemical reaction that converts the measured component in the sample into a colored compound is called a color reaction. In urine testing, the reagents in the special test strips will produce a color reaction with the urine components. At the same time, the reagent pads containing different detection reagents on the test paper will have specific color development characteristics and regularity characteristics for different components in the urine, so that the concentration of the corresponding components in the urine can be determined accordingly. For example, the reaction principle of urine occult blood analysis test paper is to use the pseudoperoxidase activity of heme in hemoglobin to catalyze and decompose peroxide, generate new ecological oxygen, oxidize the indicator, and make the indicator develop color. The intensity of the color can tell the concentration of blood in the urine.
3.用智能移动终端对尿检试纸照相，受到照相时试纸位置和背景色的影响，会无法识别试剂垫在图像中的位置。3. Use the smart mobile terminal to take pictures of the urine test strips. Due to the influence of the position of the test strips and the background color when taking pictures, the position of the reagent pad in the image will not be recognized.
为此，本发明利用图像处理中的图像分割技术，结合专门设计的试纸槽，来对照片中试纸的位置、各试剂垫色块的位置进行定位，以便进一步的处理及颜色信息的获取。图像分割就是把图像分成若干个特定的、具有独特性质的区域并提出感兴趣目标的技术和过程。它是由图像处理到图像分析的关键步骤。现有的图像分割方法主要分以下几类：基于阈值的分割方法、基于区域的分割方法、基于边缘的分割方法以及基于特定理论的分割方法等。在这里，发明结合试纸槽上的指示标颜色，结合了阈值分割和边缘分割的方法对试纸进行定位。For this reason, the present invention uses the image segmentation technology in image processing, combined with the specially designed test paper slot, to locate the position of the test paper and the position of each reagent pad color block in the photo, so as to obtain further processing and color information. Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image into several specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects of interest. It is a key step from image processing to image analysis. The existing image segmentation methods are mainly divided into the following categories: threshold-based segmentation methods, region-based segmentation methods, edge-based segmentation methods, and segmentation methods based on specific theories. Here, the invention combines the color of the indicator on the test paper slot, and combines the method of threshold segmentation and edge segmentation to locate the test paper.
4.手机等智能移动设备在照相时，由于像素、光照等环境因素带来的图像噪声，很大地影响图像颜色识别，进而无法得到较准确的对应的成分浓度范围。4. When smart mobile devices such as mobile phones take pictures, the image noise caused by environmental factors such as pixels and light greatly affects the image color recognition, and thus it is impossible to obtain a more accurate corresponding component concentration range.
本发明利用图像处理中的HSV空间上的滤波降噪技术，降低了照片的环境噪声，同时利用光照补偿的方法，降低了由于不同手机、不同光强带来的色差。HSV颜色空间的三个变量分别代表色调、饱和度和亮度，在HSV空间上进行滤波相比于在RGB(红、绿、蓝)颜色空间上的滤波而言误差更小。光照补偿的假设前提为照片各像素点所受到的光照均匀，从而能够对每一点做相同的补偿。The present invention uses the filter noise reduction technology in HSV space in image processing to reduce the environmental noise of the photo, and at the same time uses the light compensation method to reduce the color difference caused by different mobile phones and different light intensities. The three variables of the HSV color space represent hue, saturation, and brightness respectively, and filtering in the HSV space has smaller errors than filtering in the RGB (red, green, blue) color space. The premise of lighting compensation is that each pixel of the photo receives uniform lighting, so that each point can be compensated the same.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明主要包括一款智能移动终端的移动应用以及配套使用的试纸槽。其要点在于综合使用试纸槽和移动应用进行对尿液分析试纸进行拍照，从而通过图像处理与分析计算得到重要尿液成分(包括葡萄糖、蛋白质、尿胆原、胆红素、隐血、比重、酮体等)的浓度范围。The invention mainly includes a mobile application of an intelligent mobile terminal and a matching test paper slot. The main point is to use the test strip slot and mobile application to take pictures of the urine analysis test strips, and then calculate and calculate the important urine components (including glucose, protein, urobilinogen, bilirubin, occult blood, specific gravity, ketone, etc.) through image processing and analysis. body, etc.) concentration range.
第一，本发明得到了一种利用尿液成分浓度与试纸显色反应后颜色RGB值的关系，来确定待测尿液成分的浓度范围。First, the present invention obtains a relationship between the concentration of urine components and the RGB value of the color after the color reaction of the test paper to determine the concentration range of the urine components to be tested.
第二，本发明设计了一款专用试纸槽，解决了拍照的背景环境以及照片中试纸和试纸上试剂垫色块的定位问题。Second, the present invention has designed a special test paper tank, which solves the background environment of taking pictures and the positioning problem of test paper and reagent pad color blocks on the test paper in the photo.
第三，本发明采取了图像处理技术中的HSV空间中值滤波和光照补偿来降低手机照相环境造成的色彩失真、模糊的问题，从而有效采样试纸上色块的颜色。Thirdly, the present invention adopts the HSV space median filter and light compensation in the image processing technology to reduce the color distortion and fuzzy problems caused by the mobile phone camera environment, thereby effectively sampling the color of the color block on the test paper.
第四、本发明根据以上思路和方法进行编程，设计开发了可以在各种具有照相功能的智能设备上使用的应用程序(如智能手机智能相机或平板电脑)，并配套试纸槽使用。The 4th, the present invention carries out programming according to above train of thought and method, has designed and developed the application program (such as smart phone smart camera or tablet computer) that can be used on various intelligent equipments with photographic function, and supporting test paper slot is used.
第五，本发明通过试纸槽和手机应用这种简单快捷的尿液检测方式，解决了尿检设备不适于居家使用且成本较高的问题。对一些慢性病患者或需要关注尿液成分情况的人，在平时或到医院就医前能够有一定的监控、分析和提示。从而减少频繁到医院验尿的时间和金钱的成本，同时也提高并缓解了医院的资源效率和压力。Fifth, the present invention solves the problem that urine testing equipment is not suitable for home use and has high cost through the simple and quick urine testing method of test paper slot and mobile phone application. For some chronic disease patients or those who need to pay attention to the urine composition, they can have certain monitoring, analysis and reminders in normal times or before going to the hospital for medical treatment. Thereby reducing the time and money cost of frequent urine tests at the hospital, and at the same time improving and alleviating the resource efficiency and pressure of the hospital.
第六、本发明解决了通过移动网络和智能终端设备，将尿液数据进行远程传输、分享、收集和分析的问题，使得在移动互联时代的大众健康管理、医患互动、辅助远程医疗管理、实现如医疗机构、健康管理平台得以实现。Sixth, the present invention solves the problem of remote transmission, sharing, collection and analysis of urine data through the mobile network and intelligent terminal equipment, so that in the era of mobile Internet, public health management, doctor-patient interaction, assisted remote medical management, Realization such as medical institutions and health management platforms can be realized.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明“利用智能移动终端的照相功能进行尿液成分分析的系统”的结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure diagram of "the system that utilizes the camera function of the intelligent mobile terminal to analyze the urine composition" of the present invention.
附图2为试纸槽示意图。Accompanying drawing 2 is the schematic diagram of test paper tank.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行详细的说明。应当说明的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
1.获得待测尿液成分的浓度和尿液与试纸反应后颜色变化的关系：1. Obtain the relationship between the concentration of the urine component to be tested and the color change after the urine reacts with the test paper:
而本发明算法的设计，并非利用反射光的反射率进行尿液成分浓度识别，而是利用了标准比色卡上尿液成分浓度与颜色的关系。试剂垫经过反应后所显示的颜色，可以通过红(R)、绿(G)、监(B)三原色组合而成，每一分量值均在0到255之间。本发明通过设计关于RGB三分量的公式，并利用最小二乘法拟合尿液成分关于相应公式的线性方程，使两者之间的相关系数尽可能的高。这些线性方程将用于代入插值得到检测反应颜色下的成分浓度范围。最小二乘法意味着已知两个变量及其数据的情况下，在平面直角坐标系下使各数据一一对应的坐标点到某一直线的距离平方和最小，而这一直线，即利用最小二乘法拟合出的直线。However, the design of the algorithm of the present invention does not use the reflectance of reflected light to identify the urine component concentration, but utilizes the relationship between the urine component concentration and the color on the standard color card. The color displayed by the reagent pad after the reaction can be formed by combining the three primary colors of red (R), green (G) and green (B), and each component value is between 0 and 255. The present invention makes the correlation coefficient between the two as high as possible by designing the formula about the three components of RGB and using the least square method to fit the linear equation of the urine component about the corresponding formula. These linear equations will be used to interpolate to obtain the concentration range of the component under the detection reaction color. The least squares method means that when two variables and their data are known, in the plane Cartesian coordinate system, the sum of the squares of the distances from the coordinate points corresponding to each data to a certain straight line is minimized, and this straight line, that is, using the minimum The straight line fitted by the square method.
2.专用试纸槽的设计：2. Design of special test paper tank:
试纸槽为折叠式设计，其折叠后尺寸约为11cm*5cm，近似于智能手机的大小，携带方便，同时在展开后内部标记又适用于照相的范围限制。使用者首先需要用晨起尿液浸润试纸，等待反应1分钟时，启动应用程序，在窗前自然光照条件下进行拍摄。另外，在对试纸进行拍摄时，需要打开折叠式试纸槽，将试纸嵌入到专门的带有试纸辅助识别标记的试纸槽中，并使镜头的视野边界在试纸槽边界之内。试纸槽通过特定标定物的设计，可以帮助程序利用相应图像分割算法确定试纸条在整张图片中的位置以及各反应垫色块中心像素点的位置。The test paper slot is a folding design, and its folded size is about 11cm*5cm, which is similar to the size of a smartphone, and is easy to carry. At the same time, the internal markings are suitable for the range limit of photography after unfolding. The user first needs to soak the test strip with morning urine, wait for the reaction for 1 minute, start the application program, and take pictures under the natural light conditions in front of the window. In addition, when taking pictures of the test paper, it is necessary to open the folded test paper slot, insert the test paper into the special test paper slot with the test paper auxiliary identification mark, and make the field of view of the lens within the border of the test paper slot. Through the design of specific calibration objects, the test strip slot can help the program use the corresponding image segmentation algorithm to determine the position of the test strip in the whole picture and the position of the center pixel of each reaction pad color block.
3.反应垫色块图像处理与计算：3. Image processing and calculation of reaction pad color block:
拍照后，应用程序会自动进行运算。After taking a photo, the app will automatically perform calculations.
首先，结合试纸槽上的标记，综合运用阈值分割和边缘分割的方法对试纸进行定位并识别照片中试纸上各试剂垫色块中心像素点的坐标位置。First, combined with the mark on the test paper slot, the method of threshold segmentation and edge segmentation is used comprehensively to locate the test paper and identify the coordinate position of the center pixel of each reagent pad color block on the test paper in the photo.
得到坐标后，对各色块中心点进行HSV空间上的滤波降噪，HSV颜色空间的三个变量分别代表色调、饱和度和亮度，在HSV空间上进行滤波相比于在RGB(红、绿、蓝)颜色空间上的滤波而言误差更小。这一过程包括对SV变量的中值滤波以及光照补偿。中值滤波的目的在于降低手机照相时的环境噪声带来的误差。而光照补偿假设前提为照片各像素点所受到的光照均匀，从而能够对每一点做相同的差值补偿。After the coordinates are obtained, the center point of each color block is filtered and denoised in HSV space. The three variables of HSV color space represent hue, saturation and brightness respectively. Filtering in HSV space is compared to RGB (red, green, The error is smaller for filtering on the blue) color space. This process includes median filtering of the SV variable and illumination compensation. The purpose of the median filter is to reduce the error caused by the environmental noise when the mobile phone takes pictures. The assumption of light compensation is that the light received by each pixel of the photo is uniform, so that the same difference compensation can be made for each point.
最后，读取各色块中心像素点的RGB值，并带入各自的线性函数插值计算得到成分浓度范围。Finally, read the RGB value of the pixel point in the center of each color block, and bring it into the respective linear function interpolation calculation to obtain the component concentration range.
4.编程：4. Programming:
本发明根据以上思路和方法进行编程，该程序包括登录、测试、查询、报告、分享、有线及无线数据传输，以及二维码，链接端口，数据库和远程通用讯等功能。其中，通过注册登录，使用者可以登录自己的账户，进行自己的账户设置。在测试功能程序中，程序将调用智能移动终端的相机功能，对放置在试纸槽的晨起尿液浸润试纸进行拍照，待照片被使用者确认后，程序将自动进行以上所述的色块定位、图像处理和插值计算步骤，并显示出本次检测的报告，报告中会给出检测浓度的范围和严重程度，并为使用者是否需要进一步前往医院进行正规检查给出建议。除此之外，使用者还可以查看以往的测试记录，并看到一段时间内的各指标变化趋势，依据此作为尿液监测和就医的参考。The present invention performs programming according to the above ideas and methods, and the program includes functions such as login, test, query, report, sharing, wired and wireless data transmission, two-dimensional code, link port, database and remote general communication. Among them, by registering and logging in, the user can log in to his own account and perform his own account settings. In the test function program, the program will call the camera function of the smart mobile terminal to take pictures of the morning urine infiltration test paper placed in the test paper tank. After the photo is confirmed by the user, the program will automatically perform the above-mentioned color block positioning , image processing and interpolation calculation steps, and display the report of this test, which will give the range and severity of the detected concentration, and give advice on whether the user needs to go to the hospital for a formal check. In addition, users can also view past test records and see the trend of various indicators over a period of time, which can be used as a reference for urine monitoring and medical treatment.
5.使用的便利性与低成本化：5. Convenience and low cost of use:
本发明软硬件配合设计，使用户携带方便、使用成本低。其一，移动应用可以在任何一款当前市面常见的智能手机、智能相机和平板电脑中按使用，流程自动化，使用者操作简便。其二，试纸槽为折叠式设计，其折叠后尺寸约为11cm*5cm，近似于智能手机的大小，携带方便，同时在展开后内部标记又适用于照相的范围限制。其三，应用可以记录使用者每一次检测结果，根据使用者一段时间以来的检测情况给出是否需要调节饮食及生活状态，是否去医院做进一步正规检测的建议。The software and hardware of the present invention are designed in conjunction with each other, so that users can carry it conveniently and use it at low cost. First, the mobile application can be used on any smartphone, smart camera, and tablet computer that is currently on the market, and the process is automated and the user's operation is easy. Second, the test paper slot is a folding design, and its folded size is about 11cm*5cm, which is similar to the size of a smart phone and is easy to carry. At the same time, the internal markings are suitable for taking pictures after unfolding. Third, the app can record the results of each test of the user, and give suggestions on whether to adjust the diet and living conditions of the user, and whether to go to the hospital for further formal tests based on the test results of the user over a period of time.
6.将本发明应用于社区、医疗机构、健康管理服务平台、数据库和云平台、移动互联运营商、体检中心等作为其用户下载使用进行尿液成分自我监测的应用，也作为第三方服务提供商或授权方进行推广、发展和数据管理。6. Apply the present invention to communities, medical institutions, health management service platforms, databases and cloud platforms, mobile Internet operators, physical examination centers, etc. as an application for users to download and use for self-monitoring of urine components, and also as a third-party service promotion, development, and data management by vendors or licensors.
以上所述仅为本发明的一个实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的原则和精神之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均就包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the principles and spirit of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention within.
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| CN201410406071.1ACN105335658A (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2014-08-15 | An application system for urine analysis using the camera function of a smart mobile device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410406071.1ACN105335658A (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2014-08-15 | An application system for urine analysis using the camera function of a smart mobile device |
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| CN105335658Atrue CN105335658A (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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| CN201410406071.1APendingCN105335658A (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2014-08-15 | An application system for urine analysis using the camera function of a smart mobile device |
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