CN105303265A - Comprehensive evaluation method of development level of active power distribution network - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

一种主动配电网发展水平综合评价方法。其包括构建主动配电网的IDEF0模型；构建主动配电网综合评价指标体系；实施综合评价；分析目标电网发展水平，提出改进方法等步骤。本发明提供的评价主动配电网发展水平的有益效果：能够反映主动配电网整体性能、建设进程和技术支撑水平的指标，构建的主动配电网综合评价指标体系和制定的综合评价实施方法适应于我国配电网建设和管理的实际情况，能够反映主动配电网的整体发展水平，并有助于挖掘配电网中存在的薄弱环节，为配电网发展水平的全面提高提供科学、有效的指导。

A comprehensive evaluation method for the development level of active distribution network. It includes constructing the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network; constructing the comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network; implementing comprehensive evaluation; analyzing the development level of the target power grid, and proposing improvement methods and other steps. The beneficial effect of evaluating the development level of the active distribution network provided by the present invention: indicators that can reflect the overall performance, construction process and technical support level of the active distribution network, the constructed comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network and the comprehensive evaluation implementation method formulated Adapting to the actual situation of distribution network construction and management in my country, it can reflect the overall development level of the active distribution network, and help to tap the weak links in the distribution network, providing scientific and comprehensive information for the overall improvement of the distribution network development level. Effective guidance.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种主动配电网发展水平综合评价方法A comprehensive evaluation method for the development level of active distribution network

技术领域technical field

本发明属于主动配电网评价技术领域，特别是涉及一种主动配电网发展水平综合评价方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of active distribution network evaluation, and in particular relates to a comprehensive evaluation method for the development level of an active distribution network.

背景技术Background technique

相较于电网发展已基本成型的国外发达国家配电网，我国的配电网系统仍处于快速发展之中，电网评价作为指导配电网有序规划建设的重要依据，一直是电网研究领域的研究热点之一。目前对传统配电网的综合评价已成为配电网运行与管理的一项基础性工作，相关的传统配电网综合评价技术已较为成熟。随着配电网的发展，电网综合评价的研究热点也随评价对象的发展而与时俱进，即针对智能电网的综合评价。主动配电网作为未来智能电网的重要组成部分，也是智能配电网的过渡阶段，相较于智能配电网这一技术蓝图，主动配电网更接近于我国配电网建设的近期目标，而目前尚未见到针对主动配电网的综合评价技术。Compared with the distribution network of foreigndeveloped countries whose power grid development has basically taken shape, China's distribution network system is still in rapid development. As an important basis for guiding the orderly planning and construction of distribution network, power grid evaluation has always been a key point in the field of power grid research. One of the research hotspots. At present, the comprehensive evaluation of traditional distribution network has become a basic work of distribution network operation and management, and the related comprehensive evaluation technology of traditional distribution network has been relatively mature. With the development of the distribution network, the research hotspots of the comprehensive evaluation of the power grid are also advancing with the times with the development of the evaluation object, that is, the comprehensive evaluation for the smart grid. As an important part of the future smart grid, the active distribution network is also a transitional stage of the smart distribution network. Compared with the technicalblueprint of the smart distribution network, the active distribution network is closer to the short-term goal of China's distribution network construction , but there is no comprehensive evaluation technology for active distribution network.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种主动配电网发展水平综合评价方法。In order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive evaluation method for the development level of active distribution network.

为了达到上述目的，本发明提供的主动配电网发展水平综合评价方法包括按顺序执行的下列步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the comprehensive evaluation method for the development level of the active distribution network provided by the present invention includes the following steps performed in order:

步骤1)构建主动配电网的IDEF0模型：利用IDEF建模方法构建主动配电网的IDEF0模型；Step 1) Construct the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network: use the IDEF modeling method to construct the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network;

步骤2)构建主动配电网综合评价指标体系：根据上述主动配电网的IDEF0模型，设计用于主动配电网综合评价的一至N级指标，最后一级指标为叶指标，从而构建出主动配电网综合评价指标体系；Step 2) Construct the comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network: According to the above-mentioned IDEF0 model of the active distribution network, one to N-level indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of the active distribution network are designed, and the last level of indicators is the leaf index, so as to construct the active distribution network. Distribution network comprehensive evaluation index system;

步骤3)实施综合评价：采用DEMATEL-ANP法计算上述一级指标的权重，然后采用专家打分法确定其他指标权重，得到主动配电网综合评价指标体系的整体权重；并结合专家打分和二次曲线拟合制定叶指标的评价标准；Step 3) Implement comprehensive evaluation: use the DEMATEL-ANP method to calculate the weight of the above-mentioned first-level indicators, and then use the expert scoring method to determine the weights of other indicators to obtain the overall weight of the comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network; combined with expert scoring and secondary Curve fitting to formulate evaluation criteria for leaf indicators;

步骤4)分析目标电网发展水平，提出改进方法：收集目标电网基础数据，利用上述主动配电网综合评价指标体系对目标电网进行综合评价，并根据评价结果分析目标电网的发展水平，提出改进方法。Step 4) Analyze the development level of the target power grid and propose improvement methods: collect the basic data of the target power grid, use the above-mentioned active distribution network comprehensive evaluation index system to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the target power grid, and analyze the development level of the target power grid according to the evaluation results, and propose improvement methods .

在步骤1)中，所述的主动配电网的IDEF0模型以传统配电网I1作为输入，以先进一次设备O11、完善观测控制手段O12、坚强灵活的网络O2、高渗透率分布式能源O3和互动负荷O4作为输出。In step 1), the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network takes traditional distribution network I1 as input, advanced primary equipment O11, perfect observation and control means O12, strong and flexible network O2, and distributed energy sources with high penetration rate O3 and interactive load O4 as output.

在步骤2)中，所述的构建主动配电网综合评价指标体系的方法为：In step 2), the method for constructing the comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network is as follows:

以供电质量、经济高效、绿色低碳和技术装备、网络结构、再生能源、用户互动共7项指标构成主动配电网综合评价体系一级指标；The first-level index of the active distribution network comprehensive evaluation system is composed of 7 indicators including power supply quality, economic efficiency, green and low-carbon and technical equipment, network structure, renewable energy, and user interaction;

其中供电质量类指标主要分为供电可靠性和电能质量两项二级指标；供电可靠性指标主要由“用户平均停电时间”和“用户平均停电次数”两项三级指标来反映；电能质量指标主要由“综合电压合格率”和“三相电压不平衡率”两项三级指标来反映；Among them, the power supply quality indicators are mainly divided into two secondary indicators of power supply reliability and power quality; the power supply reliability indicators are mainly reflected by the two third-level indicators of "average power outage time of users" and "average number of power outages of users"; power quality indicators It is mainly reflected by the two three-level indicators of "comprehensive voltage pass rate" and "three-phase voltage unbalance rate";

经济高效类指标主要分为设备利用率、线损水平和削峰填谷效果三项二级指标；设备利用率指标主要分为“容载比”、“主变平均负载率”、“高压线路平均负载率”三项三级指标；线损水平指标主要分为“综合线损率”和“台区高损比例”两项三级指标；削峰填谷效果指标主要分为“峰谷差”和“负荷率”两项三级指标；Economic and high-efficiency indicators are mainly divided into three secondary indicators: equipment utilization rate, line loss level, and peak-shaving and valley-filling effect; equipment utilization rate indicators are mainly divided into "capacity-load ratio", "main transformer average load rate", "high-voltage line The three third-level indicators of "average load rate"; the line loss level indicators are mainly divided into two third-level indicators of "comprehensive line loss rate" and "high loss ratio in the station area"; the peak-shaving effect index is mainly divided into "peak-valley difference " and "load rate" two three-level indicators;

绿色低碳类指标采用“再生能源发电渗透率”和“电动汽车充电量比例”两项相对指标作为三级指标，不设二级指标；The green and low-carbon indicators use two relative indicators of "renewable energy power generation penetration rate" and "electric vehicle charging volume ratio" as the third-level indicators, and no second-level indicators are set;

技术装备类指标主要分为一次设备配置、配电自动化水平和信息化支撑水平三项二级指标；在一次设备配置方面，用“变电站无功配置比例”、“配变无功配置比例”两项三级指标反映无功配置水平；以主变、线路、配变的标准化水平作为三级指标来反映一次设备的标准化程度；以“开关无油化率”和“高损配变比例”两项三级指标反映一次设备先进化水平；配电自动化水平指标主要从“馈线自动化覆盖率”、“配电自动化主站运行率”、“配电终端月在线率”和“馈线自动化动作正确率”四项三级指标综合评价配电自动化的覆盖率和运行效率；信息化支撑水平指标主要分为“在线监测覆盖率”、“PMS和GIS数据一致率”、“信息系统功能覆盖率”和“信息系统可用率”四项三级指标；Technical equipment indicators are mainly divided into three secondary indicators: primary equipment configuration, power distribution automation level, and information support level; in terms of primary equipment configuration, the two indicators are "reactive power configuration ratio of substation" and "reactive power configuration ratio of distribution transformer". The three-level index reflects the reactive power configuration level; the standardization level of main transformer, line and distribution transformer is used as the three-level index to reflect the standardization degree of primary equipment; The third-level indicators reflect the advanced level of primary equipment; the distribution automation level indicators mainly include "feeder automation coverage rate", "distribution automation master station operation rate", "distribution terminal monthly online rate" and "feeder automation action correct rate". "Four three-level indicators comprehensively evaluate the coverage and operation efficiency of distribution automation; the information support level indicators are mainly divided into "online monitoring coverage", "PMS and GIS data consistency rate", "information system function coverage" and Four third-level indicators of "information system availability rate";

网络结构类指标主要分为转供能力、电源备用情况、网络灵活性三项二级指标；其中转供能力指标主要分为“主变N-1通过率”和“高、中压线路的N-1通过率”两项三级指标；电源备用情况指标主要分为“变电站单电源线率”和“变电站单主变率”两项三级指标；用“中压线路平均分段数”、“中压线路联络率”和“中压线路站间联络率”三项三级指标来综合反映主动配电网的网络灵活性指标；Network structure indicators are mainly divided into three secondary indicators: transfer capacity, power supply backup, and network flexibility; among them, transfer capacity indicators are mainly divided into "main transformer N-1 pass rate" and "high and medium voltage line N -1 pass rate" two three-level indicators; the power reserve status indicators are mainly divided into two three-level indicators "substation single power line rate" and "substation single main conversion rate"; with "average number of segments of medium voltage lines", The three three-level indicators of "medium-voltage line connection rate" and "inter-station contact rate of medium-voltage line" comprehensively reflect the network flexibility index of the active distribution network;

再生能源指标主要从分布式能源接入水平和分布式能源运行情况两项二级指标来评价主动配电网的再生能源利用情况；其中分布式能源接入水平指标主要分为“再生能源发电容量比例”、“储能容量比例”和“电动汽车充电负荷比例”三项三级指标；分布式能源运行情况指标主要分为“分布式能源数据上传率”和“分布式能源远程控制率”两项三级指标；Renewable energy indicators mainly evaluate the utilization of renewable energy in the active distribution network from the two secondary indicators of distributed energy access level and distributed energy operation status; among them, the distributed energy access level index is mainly divided into "renewable energy generation capacity ratio”, “energy storage capacity ratio” and “electric vehicle charging load ratio”; distributed energy operation indicators are mainly divided into two categories: “distributed energy data upload rate” and “distributed energy remote control rate”. Item three indicators;

用户互动指标主要分为电能互动和用电信息互动两项二级指标，电能互动指标采用“动态电价用电量比例”和“可控负荷比例”两项三级指标对其进行评价；用电信息互动指标用“智能电表覆盖率”和“用电信息采集系统覆盖率”两项三级指标予以反映。The user interaction index is mainly divided into two secondary indicators of electric energy interaction and electricity consumption information interaction. The electric energy interaction index adopts two third-level indicators of "dynamic electricity price power consumption ratio" and "controllable load ratio" to evaluate it; The information interaction index is reflected by two three-level indicators of "smart meter coverage" and "electricity information collection system coverage".

在步骤3)中，所述的实施综合评价的方法为：In step 3), the described method of implementing comprehensive evaluation is:

步骤3.1)利用DEMATEL-ANP法计算一级指标权重；Step 3.1) use the DEMATEL-ANP method to calculate the first-level index weight;

1).确定系统元素1). Determine the system elements

明确分析对象系统中的元素构成，即一级指标；Clearly analyze the element composition in the target system, that is, the first-level index;

2).产生直接关系矩阵2). Generate a direct relationship matrix

采用专家打分或小组讨论法方式判断元素两两间的关系；元素间的关系以四级影响度表示：0为没有影响，1为稍微影响，2为较强影响，3为非常影响；对于有n个元素的系统，得到的n阶方阵称为直接关系矩阵D，D中元素d_ij代表元素i影响元素j的程度，D的对角线元素为0；Use expert scoring or group discussion to judge the relationship between two elements; the relationship between elements is expressed by four levels of influence: 0 means no influence, 1 means slight influence, 2 means strong influence, and 3 means very much influence; For a system of n elements, the obtained n-order square matrix is called the direct relationship matrix D, and the element d_ij in D represents the degree to which element i influences element j, and the diagonal element of D is 0;

3).归一化直接关系矩阵3). Normalized direct relationship matrix

根据下式对直接关系矩阵D进行归一化，得到归一化直接关系矩阵X；Normalize the direct relationship matrix D according to the following formula to obtain the normalized direct relationship matrix X;

X＝λ·DX=λ·D

$\mathrm{<span><span>\&lambda;</span>\&lambda;</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>min</span>min</span>}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}{\underset{\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>\&le;</span>\&le;</span>\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}<span><span>\&le;</span>\&le;</span>\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>m</span>m</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>x</span>x</span>}}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span><span>j</span>j</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}}{<span><span>\&Sigma;</span>\&Sigma;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>v</span>v</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>j</span>j</span>}}<span><span>)</span>)</span><span><span>,</span>,</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>\&le;</span>\&le;</span>\mathrm{<span><span>j</span>j</span>}<span><span>\&le;</span>\&le;</span>\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>m</span>m</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>x</span>x</span>}}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}}{<span><span>\&Sigma;</span>\&Sigma;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>v</span>v</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>j</span>j</span>}}<span><span>)</span>)</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span>$

4).计算综合影响矩阵4). Calculate the comprehensive impact matrix

由于因此综合影响矩阵T可由下式得到，式中I为单位矩阵，t_ij即为元素i对元素j的综合影响程度；because Therefore, the comprehensive influence matrix T can be obtained by the following formula, where I is the unit matrix, and t_ij is the comprehensive influence degree of element i on element j;

$\mathrm{<span><span>T</span>T</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>{\underset{\mathrm{<span><span>k</span>k</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span><span>\&infin;</span>\&infin;</span>}}{<span><span>\&Sigma;</span>\&Sigma;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span><span>k</span>k</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>I</span>I</span>}<span><span>-</span>-</span>\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span>}^{<span><span>-</span>-</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span>{<span><span>\&lsqb;</span>\&lsqb;</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>j</span>j</span>}}<span><span>\&rsqb;</span>\&rsqb;</span>}_{\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}<span><span>\&times;</span>\&times;</span>\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}}<span><span>,</span>,</span>\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}<span><span>,</span>,</span>\mathrm{<span><span>j</span>j</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>,</span>,</span>\mathrm{<span><span>2</span>2</span>}<span><span>,</span>,</span><span><span>...</span>...</span><span><span>,</span>,</span>\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}$

5).设定阈值5).Set the threshold

通过设定阈值将综合影响矩阵T中小于阈值的元素置为0，得到忽略低于阈值的关联关系之后的综合影响矩阵T′；By setting the threshold, the elements in the comprehensive influence matrix T that are smaller than the threshold are set to 0, and the comprehensive influence matrix T′ after ignoring the relationship below the threshold is obtained;

6).计算一级指标权重向量6). Calculate the first-level index weight vector

求列归一化的T’的特征值和特征向量，特征根1对应的特征向量W即为一级指标的权重；Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the column-normalized T', and the eigenvector W corresponding to the characteristic root 1 is the weight of the first-level index;

步骤3.2)计算整体权重Step 3.2) Calculate the overall weight

对二级指标、三级指标直至叶指标的权重采用专家打分法确定，并与由DEMATEL-ANP法制定的一级指标权重相结合后得到指标体系的整体权重；The weights of the second-level indicators, third-level indicators, and leaf indicators are determined by the expert scoring method, and combined with the weights of the first-level indicators formulated by the DEMATEL-ANP method to obtain the overall weight of the indicator system;

步骤3.3)制定叶指标评价标准Step 3.3) Formulate leaf index evaluation criteria

由专家根据指标定义、公式和单位为叶指标分类，并制定每项叶指标采用百分制得0、20、40、60、80、100分时的指标取值；基于叶指标的离散评价标准，采用二次曲线对各叶指标的指标取值进行拟合，最终得到所有叶指标的评分函数；其中效益型和成本型指标均采用二次多项式的曲线拟合作为评分函数，区间型指标采用分段的曲线拟合作为评分函数。Experts classify the leaf indexes according to the index definitions, formulas and units, and formulate the index values of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 points for each leaf index; based on the discrete evaluation standard of leaf indexes, adopt The quadratic curve fits the index values of each leaf index, and finally obtains the scoring function of all leaf indexes; among them, both the benefit type and the cost type index adopt the curve fitting of the quadratic polynomial as the scoring function, and the interval type index adopts the segmental The curve fitting of is used as a scoring function.

在步骤4)中，所述的分析目标电网发展水平，提出改进方法的具体方法为：首先对待评价的目标电网各项叶指标计算所需的配网基础数据进行收集，然后根据步骤2)中各指标的计算公式和步骤3.3)制定的相应评分函数计算出叶指标得分，最后根据指标权重经逐层加权平均得到全部指标的得分以及城市配电网的总分。In step 4), the specific method of analyzing the development level of the target power grid and proposing an improvement method is as follows: firstly collect the distribution network basic data required for the calculation of each leaf index of the target power grid to be evaluated, and then according to step 2) The calculation formula of each index and the corresponding scoring function formulated in step 3.3) calculate the leaf index score, and finally obtain the score of all indicators and the total score of the urban distribution network by layer-by-layer weighted average according to the index weight.

本发明提供的评价主动配电网发展水平的有益效果：能够反映主动配电网整体性能、建设进程和技术支撑水平的指标，构建的主动配电网综合评价指标体系和制定的综合评价实施方法，适应于我国配电网建设和管理的实际情况，能够反映主动配电网的整体发展水平，并有助于挖掘配电网中存在的薄弱环节，为配电网发展水平的全面提高提供科学、有效的指导。The beneficial effect of evaluating the development level of the active distribution network provided by the present invention: indicators that can reflect the overall performance, construction process and technical support level of the active distribution network, the constructed comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network and the comprehensive evaluation implementation method formulated , adapted to the actual situation of my country's distribution network construction and management, can reflect the overall development level of the active distribution network, and help to tap the weak links in the distribution network, providing a scientific basis for the overall improvement of the distribution network development level. , Effective guidance.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明提供的主动配电网发展水平综合评价方法流程图；Fig. 1 is theflow chart of the comprehensive evaluation method for the development level of the active distribution network provided by the present invention;

图2为IDEF0建模方法示意图；Figure 2 is aschematic diagram of IDEF0 modeling method;

图3为主动配电网的IDEF0顶层模型；Figure 3 is the IDEF0 top-level model of the active distribution network;

图4为主动配电网评价内容分解图；Figure 4 is an explodedview of the evaluation content of the active distribution network;

图5为主动配电网的IDEF0模型总图；Figure 5 is a generaldiagram of the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network;

图6为实施例一级指标评价结果。Fig. 6 is the first-level index evaluation result of the embodiment.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明提供的主动配电网发展水平综合评价方法进行详细说明。The comprehensive evaluation method for the development level of the active distribution network provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

如图1所示，本发明提供的主动配电网发展水平综合评价方法包括按顺序执行的下列步骤：As shown inFigure 1 , the comprehensive evaluation method for the development level of the active distribution network provided by the present invention includes the following steps executed in sequence:

步骤1)构建主动配电网的IDEF0模型：利用IDEF建模方法构建主动配电网的IDEF0模型；Step 1) Construct the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network: use the IDEF modeling method to construct the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network;

步骤2)构建主动配电网综合评价指标体系：根据上述主动配电网的IDEF0模型，设计用于主动配电网综合评价的一至N级指标，最后一级指标为叶指标，从而构建出主动配电网综合评价指标体系；Step 2) Construct the comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network: According to the above-mentioned IDEF0 model of the active distribution network, one to N-level indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of the active distribution network are designed, and the last level of indicators is the leaf index, so as to construct the active distribution network. Distribution network comprehensive evaluation index system;

步骤3)实施综合评价：采用DEMATEL-ANP法计算上述一级指标的权重，然后采用专家打分法确定其他指标权重，得到主动配电网综合评价指标体系的整体权重；并结合专家打分和二次曲线拟合制定叶指标的评价标准；Step 3) Implement comprehensive evaluation: use the DEMATEL-ANP method to calculate the weight of the above-mentioned first-level indicators, and then use the expert scoring method to determine the weights of other indicators to obtain the overall weight of the comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network; combined with expert scoring and secondary Curve fitting to formulate evaluation criteria for leaf indicators;

步骤4)分析目标电网发展水平，提出改进方法：收集目标电网基础数据，利用主动配电网综合评价指标体系对目标电网进行综合评价，并根据评价结果分析目标电网的发展水平，提出改进方法。Step 4) Analyze the development level of the target grid and propose improvement methods: collect the basic data of the target grid, use the active distribution network comprehensive evaluation index system to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the target grid, and analyze the development level of the target grid according to the evaluation results, and propose improvement methods.

在步骤1)中，所述的构建主动配电网的IDEF0模型的方法为：In step 1), the described method of constructing the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network is:

所述的IDEF0建模方法为用于辅助构建复杂系统的功能模型，由一系列盒子及箭头构成，盒子代表功能(用动词短语表示的活动)，箭头代表数据(信息或真实对象)，一个上层图中的盒子由下层图中一系列盒子和箭头来说明，逐层分解达到分解复杂系统的效果；箭头表示活动输出的、或所需要的数据；箭头只表示盒子间的关系，而非活动的顺序；盒子的边表示相连箭头的作用，分别是输入、控制、输出和机制，如图2所示；活动是将输入转换为输出的一种变换，控制说明了控制变换约束，机制可以是执行活动的人或设备；总之，输入输出表示活动进行的是什么，控制表明为何这么做，机制表示如何做。The described IDEF0 modeling method is a functional model for assisting in the construction of complex systems. It consists of a series of boxes and arrows. The boxes represent functions (activities represented by verb phrases), the arrows represent data (information or real objects), and an upper layer The boxes in the figureare illustrated by a series of boxes and arrows in the lower figure, which can be decomposed layer by layer to achieve the effect of decomposing a complex system; the arrows indicate the data output or required by the activity; the arrows only indicate the relationship between the boxes, not the activity Sequence; the side of the box represents the function of the connected arrows, which are input, control, output and mechanism, respectively, as shown inFigure 2 ; activity is a transformation that converts input into output, control describes the constraints of control transformation, and mechanism can be execution The person or device of the activity; in short, the input and output show what the activity is doing, the control shows why it is done, and the mechanism shows how it is done.

步骤1.1)分析为什么要建设主动配电网；Step 1.1) analyze why an active distribution network should be built;

利用IDEF建模方法通过分析建设主动配电网的驱动力和目标是什么，主动配电网能为电力用户、电网企业、国家社会等配电网利益相关者带来哪些核心价值，从而构建出主动配电网的IDEF0模型；Using the IDEF modeling method to analyze the driving forces and goals of the construction of active distribution network, what core value the active distribution network can bring to distribution network stakeholders such as power users, power grid enterprises, andthe national society, to construct a model IDEF0 model of active distribution network;

对于电力用户，不管是传统配电网，还是主动配电网，电力用户的最核心要求是获得持续不间断的电力供应；同时电能作为一种商品，其质量也是用户所关注的；用户对主动配电网的要求可以概括为供电优质；For power users, whether it is a traditional distribution network or an active distribution network, the core requirement of power users is to obtain continuous and uninterrupted power supply; at the same time, as a commodity, the quality of electric energy is also the concern of users; The requirements of the distribution network can be summarized as high-quality power supply;

对于电网企业，主动配电网的核心价值主要体现在能够通过协调控制接入的分布式电源、互动负荷参与削峰填谷实现资源的优化配置；同时高效运行的主动配电网可以降低电能传输损耗，带来节能效益；此外由节能减排、用户互动带来的社会效益也对电网企业塑造自身形象具有十分重要的意义；电网企业对主动配电网的要求主要是其带来的社会经济效益；For power grid enterprises, the core value of the active distribution network is mainly reflected in the ability to coordinate and control the access of distributed power sources and interactive loads to participate in peak shaving and valley filling to achieve optimal allocation of resources; at the same time, an efficient active distribution network can reduce power transmission. In addition, the social benefits brought about by energy saving, emission reduction and user interaction are also very important for power grid companies to shape their own image; the requirements of power grid companies for active distribution networks are mainly the social and economic benefits brought by them. benefit;

对于国家社会，节能减排、低碳经济是国家社会积极建设主动配电网的根本驱动力；For thenational society, energy conservation, emission reduction, and low-carbon economy are the fundamental driving forces for thenational society to actively build active distribution networks;

由此可以得出主动配电网的IDEF0顶层模型A0，如图3所示；传统配电网向主动配电网转变发展是由外部环境的上述要求所驱动的，相应地，是否实现了这些要求或者实现的程度如何，可以用来反映主动配电网的发展状况；因此指标的设计中应考虑衡量主动配电网供电质量、经济高效性、绿色低碳性能的指标，这些指标综合表征了主动配电网源网荷协调规划、运行的效果，称为性能指标；From this, it can be concluded that the IDEF0 top-level model A0 of the active distribution network is shown inFigure 3 ; the transformation and development of the traditional distribution network to the active distribution network is driven by the above requirements of the external environment. Correspondingly, whether these The requirements or the degree of realization can be used to reflect the development status of the active distribution network; therefore, in the design of indicators, indicators for measuring the power supply quality, economic efficiency, and green and low-carbon performance of the active distribution network should be considered. The effect of coordinated planning and operation of active power distribution network and load is called performance index;

步骤1.2)分析主动配电网的建设内容；Step 1.2) analyze the construction content of the active distribution network;

通过分析主动配电网的建设内容是什么，即能实现这些目标、带来这些核心价值的主动配电网应从哪些方面去建设，细化性能指标；By analyzing the construction content of the active distribution network, that is, from which aspects should the active distribution network that can achieve these goals and bring these core values be constructed, and refine the performance indicators;

主动配电网的建设内容可以分为设备基础建设、电网建设、(分布式)电源侧建设和负荷侧建设四个环节进行；The construction content of the active distribution network can be divided into four links: equipment infrastructure construction, power grid construction, (distributed) power supply side construction and load side construction;

1.提升技术装备1. Improve technical equipment

精良的技术装备水平是主动配电网得以实现各项核心价值的基础保障；无论是一次设备还是二次设备，我国配电网的技术装备水平距世界先进水平还有较大差距，因此无法满足主动配电网核心价值的要求；因此我国主动配电网的建设应在现有基础上，不断提升技术装备配置水平，提升信息化支撑水平和配电自动化水平；Excellent technical equipment level is the basic guarantee for the active distribution network to realize various core values; whether it is primary equipment or secondary equipment, the technical equipment level of my country's distribution network is still far behind the world's advanced level, so it cannot meet The core value requirements of the active distribution network; therefore, the construction of the active distribution network in my country should be based on the existing basis, continuously improve the level of technical equipment configuration, improve the level of information support and distribution automation;

2.完善网络结构2. Improve the network structure

具有坚强灵活的网络结构是主动配电网的主要特征之一；传统配电网的核心控制思路是被动的，主动配电网中将改变这一模式，控制中心可以根据实时情况主动改变网络拓扑，实现对潮流的主动管理，最大化消纳不可控的间歇性能源发电并通过优化潮流分布降低网络损耗；我国主动配电网的建设在优化能源结构的同时，也是在现有基础上不断完善配电网网络结构的过程，从而使网络结构成为重要的调度资源，参与主动配电网的协调优化运行，实现资源优化配置；A strong and flexible network structure is one of the main characteristics of the active distribution network; the core control idea of the traditional distribution network is passive, this mode will be changed in the active distribution network, and the control center can actively change the network topology according to the real-time situation , realize the active management of the power flow, maximize the consumption of uncontrollable intermittent energy generation and reduce network loss by optimizing the power flow distribution; while the construction of my country's active distribution network is optimizing the energy structure, it is also constantly improving on the existing basis The process of the network structure of the distribution network, so that the network structure becomes an important dispatching resource, participates in the coordinated and optimized operation of the active distribution network, and realizes the optimal allocation of resources;

3.发展再生能源3. Development of renewable energy

在绿色低碳要求的驱动下，主动配电网需要不断扩大再生能源发电规模，并积极接纳电动汽车的充换电；主动配电网的建设过程也是不断扩大再生能源使用规模的过程；Driven by green and low-carbon requirements, the active distribution network needs to continuously expand the scale of renewable energy generation, and actively accept the charging and swapping of electric vehicles; the construction process of the active distribution network is also a process of continuously expanding the scale of renewable energy use;

4.开展用户互动4. Carry out user interaction

积极开展用户互动，使负荷可以接受管理，成为一种有效的可控资源；可控的负荷可以就地平衡不可控的分布式间歇性能源出力，并参与到配电网的削峰填谷中来；Actively carry out user interaction, so that the load can be managed and become an effective controllable resource; the controllable load can balance the uncontrollable distributed intermittent energy output on the spot, and participate in the peak shaving and valley filling of the distribution network. ;

根据上述四个方面的建设内容，可以将图3中主动配电网的IDEF0顶层模型A0的输出细化分解为图4所示A1-A4四个方面，其中技术装备水平A1可以进一步分解为三项子活动；通过衡量这些建设内容的完成程度，可以得到对主动配电网建设进程的认识，因此指标的设计中应考虑能够反映技术装备水平A1、网络结构水平A2、再生能源利用水平A3和用户互动水平A4的指标；这些指标可以全面反映主动配电网的源、网、荷以及设备基础的建设现状，称之为状态指标；According to the construction content of the above four aspects, the output of IDEF0 top-level model A0 of the active distribution network inFig. By measuring the completion of these construction contents, we can get an understanding of the construction process of the active distribution network. Therefore, the design of indicators should consider the ability to reflect the level of technical equipment A1, the level of network structure A2, the level of renewable energy utilization A3 and Indicators of user interaction level A4; these indicators can fully reflect the construction status of the source, network, load and equipment foundation of the active distribution network, which are called status indicators;

步骤1.3)分析怎样建设主动配电网；Step 1.3) analyze how to build active distribution network;

分析如何实现主动配电网建设内容的问题，从而构建出完整的主动配电网的IDEF0模型；Analyze the problem of how to realize the construction content of the active distribution network, so as to build a complete IDEF0 model of the active distribution network;

1.如何提升技术装备水平1. How to improve the level of technical equipment

一次设备方面，针对我国配电网现状，主要考虑通过提高无功就地补偿、设备标准化和设备先进化实现一次设备的升级完善；提升信息化支撑水平主要依靠扩大信息采集装置覆盖、完善通信基础设施和提升PMS(ProductionManagementSystem，生产管理系统)、GIS(GeographyInformationSystem，地理信息系统)等配电信息系统的覆盖率和运行效率实现；配电自动化系统的建设主要通过提高配电自动化主站、配变终端和馈线自动化的覆盖水平、运行效率实现；In terms of primary equipment, in view of the current situation of my country's distribution network, the main consideration is to upgrade and improve primary equipment by improving reactive power on-site compensation, equipment standardization, and equipment advancement; improving the level of informatization support mainly depends on expanding the coverage of information collection devices and improving the communication foundation Facilities and improve the coverage and operation efficiency of power distribution information systems such as PMS (Production Management System, production management system), GIS (Geography Information System, geographic information system); the construction of power distribution automation system is mainly through improving the distribution automation master station, distribution transformer Realization of coverage level and operational efficiency of terminal and feeder automation;

技术装备水平的提升可以为主动配电网提供精良的一次设备和较为完善的观测控制手段，前者是主动配电网实现供电优质、经济高效的核心价值必不可少的基础条件，后者还为分布式能源的主动消纳和用户互动的开展提供设备技术支撑，在主动配电网的IDEF0模型中，技术装备水平A1的这部分输出将作为再生能源利用水平A3和用户互动水平A4的机制之一；The improvement of the level of technical equipment can provide excellent primary equipment and relatively complete observation and control means for the active distribution network. The active consumption of distributed energy and the development of user interaction provide equipment technical support. In the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network, this part of the output of the technical equipment level A1 will be used as one of the mechanisms of the renewable energy utilization level A3 and the user interaction level A4. one;

2.如何完善网络结构2. How to improve the network structure

主动配电网供电优质、经济高效、绿色低碳的核心价值要求建设完善的网络结构；现有基础上完善配电网网络架构主要从两个方面实现；一方面需要继续提高供电安全性，包括提高配电网的转供能力，在电网故障时可以尽快将负荷转供出去，还有完善变电站的电源备用；另一方面需要提高网络灵活性，便于网络拓扑的灵活调整；The core value of high-quality, cost-effective, green and low-carbon active distribution network power supply requires the construction of a complete network structure; improving the network structure of the distribution network on the existing basis is mainly achieved from two aspects; on the one hand, it is necessary to continue to improve power supply security, including Improve the transfer capacity of the distribution network, transfer the load as soon as possible when the grid fails, and improve the power backup of the substation; on the other hand, it is necessary to improve the network flexibility to facilitate the flexible adjustment of the network topology;

3.如何发展再生能源3. How to develop renewable energy

发展再生能源是应外部环境供电优质、经济高效、绿色低碳的要求而进行的，主要通过最大化消纳分布式再生能源发电与接纳电动汽车实现；实现手段上，首先必不可少的是分布式发电和电动汽车充换电的相关设备与技术；为应对再生能源发电的间歇性和电动汽车的时空随机性，燃料电池、飞轮储能等储能装置也将以一定比例接入主动配电网中；除此之外，A1升级一次设备输出的观测控制手段、A2完善网络结构输出的坚强灵活配电网络以及A4开展用户互动输出的互动负荷都是主动消纳高渗透率再生能源发电的重要支撑手段，主动配电网将通过管控中心的优化调度，依靠互动负荷以及多层次电网的分层消纳能力平衡过剩的不可控间歇式能源发电及电动汽车充放电量；The development of renewable energy is carried out in response to the requirements of high-quality external power supply, cost-effective, green and low-carbon, and is mainly realized by maximizing the consumption of distributed renewable energy power generation and accepting electric vehicles; related equipment and technologies for electric power generation and electric vehicle charging and swapping; in order to cope with the intermittency of renewable energy power generation and the randomness of time and space of electric vehicles, energy storage devices such as fuel cells and flywheel energy storage will also be connected to active power distribution in a certain proportion In addition, A1 upgrades the observation and control means of equipment output once, A2 improves the network structure output of strong and flexible power distribution network, and A4 develops interactive load for user interaction output, all of which actively consume high-permeability renewable energy power generation. An important support means, the active distribution network will balance the excess uncontrollable intermittent energy generation and electric vehicle charging and discharging capacity through the optimal dispatch of the control center, relying on the interactive load and the hierarchical absorption capacity of the multi-level power grid;

4.如何开展用户互动4. How to carry out user interaction

需求响应技术是主动配电网实现用户互动的主要技术手段；需求响应是指在竞争电力市场中，用户为响应高电价或系统可靠性受到威胁时的经济激励而做出的电力消费形式的变化，具体分为基于价格的需求响应和基于激励的需求响应；前者是指用户为响应电价变化而做出的避峰就谷等用电行为，包括阶梯电价、季节电价等分时电价；后者指用户愿意以中断电力使用换取经济激励的行为，即对负荷进行直接切除、周期性控制、降压减负荷等；用户互动的开展需要以智能电表为核心的用户信息采集系统的广泛覆盖；Demand response technology is the main technical means for active distribution network to realize user interaction; demand response refers to the change of power consumption pattern made by users in response to high electricity prices or economic incentives when system reliability is threatened in a competitive power market , specifically divided into price-based demand response and incentive-based demand response; the former refers to electricity consumption behaviors such as avoiding peaks and valleys made by users in response to changes in electricity prices, including time-of-use electricity prices such as tiered electricity prices and seasonal electricity prices; the latter Refers to the behavior that users are willing to interrupt power use in exchange for economic incentives, that is, direct load removal, periodic control, voltage reduction and load reduction, etc.; the development of user interaction requires extensive coverage of user information collection systems with smart meters as the core;

由“怎样做”问题分析出的设备与技术直接作用于主动配电网的各项建设内容，是完成相应建设任务所必不可少的要素；通过评价这些设备技术手段的配置、应用情况，可以从细节上对主动配电网建设状态有所把握；反映主动配电网技术支撑水平的指标称为技术指标；The equipment and technology analyzed by the "how to do" problem directly affect the various construction contents of the active distribution network, which is an essential element to complete the corresponding construction tasks; by evaluating the configuration and application of these equipment and technical means, we can Have a grasp of the construction status of the active distribution network from the details; the indicators that reflect the technical support level of the active distribution network are called technical indicators;

综合上述分析，可以得到如图5所示的主动配电网的IDEF0模型总图；图5中，传统配电网I1作为输入，包含现有技术装备I11、现有网络结构I12、低渗透分布式能源I13、被动负荷I14四部分；在主动配电网的核心价值供电优质C1、经济高效C2、绿色低碳C3的控制下，以众多设备、技术手段为机制支撑，最终将发展成由先进一次设备O11、完善观测控制手段O12、坚强灵活的网络O2、高渗透率分布式能源O3和互动负荷O4作为输出的主动配电网。Based on the above analysis, the generaldiagram of the IDEF0 model of the active distribution network can be obtainedas shown in Figure 5;in Figure 5 , the traditional distribution network I1 is used as input, including the existing technical equipment I11, the existing network structure I12, and low-permeability distribution Four parts: energy I13, passive load I14; under the control of the core value of the active distribution network, high-quality power supply C1, economical and efficient C2, and green and low-carbon C3, with the support of many equipment and technical means, it will eventually develop into an advanced Primary equipment O11, perfect observation and control means O12, strong and flexible network O2, high-penetration distributed energy O3 and interactive load O4 are active distribution network as output.

在步骤2)中，所述的构建主动配电网综合评价指标体系的方法为：In step 2), the method for constructing the comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network is as follows:

根据上述分析，在主动配电网的IDEF0模型中，3项核心价值和4项主要内容更能够表征主动配电网建设发展程度，如前所述分别对应性能指标和状态指标；性能指标还可以根据其内涵进一步细化；以性能指标和状态指标作为一级指标，即供电质量、经济高效、绿色低碳和技术装备、网络结构、再生能源、用户互动共7项指标构成了主动配电网综合评价的七个方面，称为一级指标；一级指标下，以具体性能要求和技术指标逐层设计出多层次的指标结构，最后一层指标称为叶指标，中间层的指标分别为二级指标、三级指标，以此类推；According to the above analysis, in the IDEF0 model of active distribution network, three core values and four main contents can better characterize the development degree of active distribution network construction, as mentioned above, respectively corresponding to performance indicators and state indicators; performance indicators can also According to its connotation, it is further refined; with performance indicators and status indicators as the first-level indicators, namely power supply quality, economical efficiency, green and low-carbon and technical equipment, network structure, renewable energy, and user interaction, a total of 7 indicators constitute the active distribution network. The seven aspects of comprehensive evaluation are called first-level indicators; under the first-level indicators, a multi-level index structure is designed layer by layer based on specific performance requirements and technical indicators. The last layer of indicators is called leaf indicators, and the indicators in the middle layer are respectively Second-level indicators, third-level indicators, and so on;

1.供电质量1. Power supply quality

供电质量类指标反映主动配电网供电优质的核心价值；基于电力用户对不间断高质量电能供应的要求，供电质量指标主要分为供电可靠性和电能质量两项二级指标；供电可靠性指标主要由“用户平均停电时间”和“用户平均停电次数”两项三级指标来反映；电能质量指标主要由“综合电压合格率”和“三相电压不平衡率”两项三级指标来反映各指标计算公式如下：Power supply quality indicators reflect the core value of high-quality active distribution network power supply; based on power users' requirements for uninterrupted high-quality power supply, power supply quality indicators are mainly divided into two secondary indicators: power supply reliability and power quality; power supply reliability indicators It is mainly reflected by two three-level indicators of "average power outage time of users" and "average number of power outages of users"; the power quality index is mainly reflected by two three-level indicators of "comprehensive voltage qualification rate" and "three-phase voltage unbalance rate" The calculation formula of each indicator is as follows:

1)“用户平均停电时间”指用户在统计期间内的平均停电小时数，用以反映主动配电网的协调优化特征对减少停电时间的改善效果，计算公式如式(1)所示：1) "Average power outage time of users" refers to the average number of hours of power outages of users during the statistical period, which is used to reflect the improvement effect of the coordination and optimization characteristics of the active distribution network on reducing power outage time. The calculation formula is shown in formula (1):

2)“用户平均停电次数”指用户在统计期间内的平均停电次数，用以反映主动配电网的协调优化特征对降低停电频率的改善效果，计算公式如式(2)所示：2) "Average power outages of users" refers to the average number of power outages of users during the statistical period, which is used to reflect the improvement effect of the coordination and optimization characteristics of the active distribution network on reducing the frequency of power outages. The calculation formula is shown in formula (2):

3)“综合电压合格率”由A、B、C、D四类电压监测点的电压合格率加权计算得到，综合反映主动配电网对用户供电的电压质量，计算公式如式(3)所示：3) "Comprehensive voltage qualification rate" is obtained by weighted calculation of the voltage qualification rate of the four types of voltage monitoring points A, B, C, and D, which comprehensively reflects the voltage quality of the active distribution network for power supply to users. The calculation formula is as shown in formula (3) Show:

4)“三相电压不平衡率”指不满足电压不平衡度限值的公共连接点的个数占该电压等级公共连接点总数的比例，用以反映主动配电网的电压质量，计算公式如式(4)所示：4) "Three-phase voltage unbalance rate" refers to the ratio of the number of public connection points that do not meet the voltage unbalance limit to the total number of public connection points of this voltage level, which is used to reflect the voltage quality of the active distribution network. The calculation formula As shown in formula (4):

2.经济高效2. Cost-effective

经济高效类指标反映主动配电网经济高效的核心价值；主要分为设备利用率、线损水平和削峰填谷效果三项二级指标；设备利用率指标可以反映主动配电网的资源优化配置效果，保证设备利用率在合理水平，既不轻载也不重载，可以充分利用现有设备，有效延缓更新投资，主要分为“容载比”、“主变平均负载率”、“高压线路平均负载率”三项三级指标；降低损耗是分布式能源接入和潮流主动控制的结果，线损水平指标从电能传输损耗方面反映主动配电网的降损效果，主要分为“综合线损率”和“台区高损比例”两项三级指标；削峰填谷效果指标可以反映用户参与互动后对配电网负荷削峰填谷的支撑效果，主要分为“峰谷差”和“负荷率”两项三级指标。各指标计算公式如下：The economic and high-efficiency indicators reflect the core value of the active distribution network’s economical efficiency; it is mainly divided into three secondary indicators: equipment utilization, line loss level, and peak-shaving and valley-filling effect; equipment utilization indicators can reflect the resource optimization of the active distribution network The configuration effect ensures that the equipment utilization rate is at a reasonable level, neither light load nor heavy load, can make full use of existing equipment, and effectively delay the update investment, mainly divided into "capacity-load ratio", "main transformer average load rate", " High-voltage line average load rate" three three-level indicators; loss reduction is the result of distributed energy access and power flow active control, the line loss level index reflects the loss reduction effect of the active distribution network from the aspect of power transmission loss, mainly divided into " Comprehensive line loss rate" and "high loss ratio in the station area" are two three-level indicators; the peak-shaving and valley-filling effect index can reflect the support effect of the distribution network load on the distribution network load after the user participates in the interaction, which is mainly divided into "peak-valley Poor" and "load rate" two three-level indicators. The calculation formula of each indicator is as follows:

1)“容载比”指变电容量占相应电压等级负荷的比值情况，用以反映主动配电网中变电容量对于负荷的供电能力饱和度和裕度，计算公式如式(5)所示，本发明只考虑110kV容载比。1) "Capacity-to-load ratio" refers to the ratio of the variable capacity to the load of the corresponding voltage level, which is used to reflect the saturation and margin of the power supply capacity of the variable capacity for the load in the active distribution network. The calculation formula is shown in formula (5) , the present invention only considers the 110kV capacity-to-load ratio.

2)“主变平均负载率”指主变负载率的平均值，用以反映主变运行的效率，计算公式如式(6)所示：2) "Main transformer average load rate" refers to the average value of the main transformer load rate, which is used to reflect the efficiency of the main transformer operation. The calculation formula is shown in formula (6):

3)“高压线路平均负载率”指高压线路负载率的平均值，用以反映高压线路的利用率和充裕度，计算公式如式(7)所示：3) "Average load rate of high-voltage lines" refers to the average load rate of high-voltage lines, which is used to reflect the utilization and adequacy of high-voltage lines. The calculation formula is shown in formula (7):

4)“综合线损率”是采用供电部门对所管辖(或调度)范围内电网的供、售电量统计得出的线损率数值，计算公式如式(8)所示：4) "Comprehensive line loss rate" is the value of the line loss rate obtained from the power supply department's statistics on the power supply and sales of the power grid within the jurisdiction (or dispatching) range, and the calculation formula is shown in formula (8):

5)“台区高损比例”指超过线损门限值的台区个数占台区总数的比例，计算公式如式(9)所示：5) "Proportion of high loss in station area" refers to the ratio of the number of station areas exceeding the line loss threshold to the total number of station areas. The calculation formula is shown in formula (9):

6)“峰谷差”采用夏季典型日峰谷差为代表，从日负荷最大波动幅度的角度反映主动配电网协调运行的削峰填谷效果，计算公式如式(10)所示：6) "Peak-to-valley difference" is represented by the typical daily peak-to-valley difference in summer, and reflects the peak-shaving and valley-filling effect of the coordinated operation of the active distribution network from the perspective of the maximum daily load fluctuation range. The calculation formula is shown in formula (10):

7)“负荷率”采用夏季典型日负荷率为代表，从日平均负荷的角度反映主动配电网协调运行的削峰填谷效果，计算公式如式(11)所示：7) "Load rate" is represented by the typical daily load rate in summer, and reflects the peak-shaving and valley-filling effect of the coordinated operation of the active distribution network from the perspective of daily average load. The calculation formula is shown in formula (11):

3.绿色低碳3. Green and low carbon

绿色低碳类指标反映主动配电网绿色低碳、环保减排的核心价值；国家与社会对于配电网环保减排最直接关心的是化石能源的替代量和二氧化碳的减排量，虽然这两个指标可以通过折算煤耗率、单位发电排放量等参数折算得到，但是难以为仍处于较快增长中的绝对值指标制定评价标准，不便于综合评价指标体系的构建；考虑到主动配电网的节能减排效果主要是靠再生能源发电替代传统化石能源发电，以及电动汽车替代燃油机动车实现的，本发明采用“再生能源发电渗透率”和“电动汽车充电量比例”两项相对指标作为绿色低碳类指标的三级指标(不设二级指标)来反映主动配电网的绿色低碳性能，便于后续的评价标准制定工作，同时也避免了发电量、燃煤消耗量和CO2排放量等数据之间的相互折算；各指标计算公式如下：The green and low-carbon indicators reflect the core value of green, low-carbon, environmental protection and emission reduction of the active distribution network; the most direct concern of thecountry and society for the environmental protection and emission reduction of the distribution network is the replacement of fossil energy and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The two indicators can be obtained by converting parameters such as coal consumption rate and unit power generation emissions, but it is difficult to formulate evaluation standards for the absolute value indicators that are still growing rapidly, and it is not convenient for the construction of a comprehensive evaluation index system; considering the active distribution network The effect of energy saving and emission reduction is mainly achieved by replacing traditional fossil energy power generation with renewable energy power generation, and replacing fuel-fueled vehicles with electric vehicles. The third-level indicators of green and low-carbon indicators (no second-level indicators) reflect the green and low-carbon performance of the active distribution network, which is convenient for the subsequent evaluation standard formulation work, and also avoids power generation, coal consumption and CO2 emissions The mutual conversion between data such as quantity; the calculation formula of each index is as follows:

1)“再生能源发电渗透率”指再生能源发电量占区域总用电量的比例，其可在一定程度上反映配电网角度用再生能源替代化石能源的节能减排效果，，该指标中的再生能源包括太阳能、水能、风能、生物质能、波浪能、潮汐能、海洋温差能等。计算公式如式(12)所示：1) "Penetration rate of renewable energy power generation" refers to the proportion of renewable energy power generation in the total regional electricity consumption, which can reflect the energy saving and emission reduction effect of replacing fossil energy with renewable energy from the perspective of distribution network to a certain extent. The renewable energy sources include solar energy, water energy, wind energy, biomass energy, wave energy, tidal energy, ocean temperature difference energy, etc. The calculation formula is shown in formula (12):

2)“电动汽车充电量比例”是指电动汽车充换电站的充电用电量占区域总用电量的比例，用以反映主动配电网通过支持电动汽车充电实现的节能减排效果，计算公式如式(13)所示：2) "Proportion of charging volume of electric vehicles" refers to the proportion of charging electricity consumption of electric vehicle charging and swapping stations in the total electricity consumption of the region, which is used to reflect the energy-saving and emission-reducing effects of the active distribution network by supporting the charging of electric vehicles. The formula is shown in formula (13):

4.技术装备4. Technical equipment

技术装备类指标反映建设主动配电网过程中技术装备的升级进程，主要分为一次设备配置、配电自动化水平和信息化支撑水平三项二级指标，在一次设备配置方面，用“变电站无功配置比例”、“配变无功配置比例”两项三级指标反映无功配置水平；以主变、线路、配变的标准化水平作为三级指标来反映一次设备的标准化程度；以“开关无油化率”和“高损配变比例”两项三级指标反映一次设备先进化水平；配电自动化水平指标主要从“馈线自动化覆盖率”、“配电自动化主站运行率”、“配电终端月在线率”和“馈线自动化动作正确率”四项三级指标综合评价配电自动化的覆盖率和运行效率；信息化支撑水平指标主要分为“在线监测覆盖率”、“PMS和GIS数据一致率”、“信息系统功能覆盖率”和“信息系统可用率”四项三级指标；各指标计算公式如下：Technical equipment indicators reflect the upgrading process of technical equipment in the process of constructing active distribution network, which are mainly divided into three secondary indicators: primary equipment configuration, distribution automation level and information support level. Power configuration ratio" and "reactive power configuration ratio of distribution transformer" reflect the reactive power configuration level; the standardization level of main transformer, line and distribution transformer is used as the three-level index to reflect the standardization degree of primary equipment; "switch The two three-level indicators of oil-free rate" and "high-loss distribution ratio" reflect the advanced level of primary equipment; the distribution automation level indicators mainly include "feeder automation coverage rate", "power distribution automation master station operation rate", " Distribution terminal monthly online rate" and "feeder automation action correct rate" four three-level indicators to comprehensively evaluate the coverage and operation efficiency of distribution automation; the information support level indicators are mainly divided into "online monitoring coverage", "PMS and GIS data consistency rate", "information system function coverage rate" and "information system availability rate" four three-level indicators; the calculation formula of each indicator is as follows:

1)“变电站无功配置比例”指110/35kV变电站低压母线的无功补偿配置容量占变电站总容量的比例，用以反映变电站的无功补偿能力，计算公式如式(14)所示：1) "Reactive power configuration ratio of substation" refers to the ratio of the reactive power compensation configuration capacity of the low-voltage bus of the 110/35kV substation to the total capacity of the substation, which is used to reflect the reactive power compensation capability of the substation. The calculation formula is shown in formula (14):

2)“配变无功配置比例”指10kV配变无功补偿容量占配变总容量的比例，用以反映中压配变无功补偿的能力，计算公式如式(15)所示：2) "Reactive power configuration ratio of distribution transformer" refers to the ratio of reactive power compensation capacity of 10kV distribution transformer to the total capacity of distribution transformer, which is used to reflect the reactive power compensation capability of medium voltage distribution transformer. The calculation formula is shown in formula (15):

3)“主变标准化水平”用以衡量主变的标准化程度，计算公式如式(16)所示：3) "Main variable standardization level" is used to measure the standardization degree of the main variable, and the calculation formula is shown in formula (16):

4)“线路标准化水平”用以衡量线路的标准化程度，计算公式如式(17)所示：4) "Route standardization level" is used to measure the degree of standardization of the route, and the calculation formula is shown in formula (17):

5)“配变标准化水平”用以衡量配变的标准化程度，计算公式如式(18)所示：5) "Distribution variable standardization level" is used to measure the standardization degree of distribution variable, and the calculation formula is shown in formula (18):

6)“开关无油化率”指无油化开关所占的比值情况，用以反映开关的先进化程度，计算公式如式(19)所示：6) "Oil-free rate of switch" refers to the ratio of oil-free switches to reflect the degree of advancement of the switch. The calculation formula is shown in formula (19):

7)“高损配变比例”指S7或S8系列及以下配电变压器所占比例，用以反映配变的先进化程度，计算公式如式(20)所示：7) "High-loss distribution transformer ratio" refers to the proportion of S7 or S8 series and below distribution transformers, which is used to reflect the advanced degree of distribution transformers. The calculation formula is shown in formula (20):

8)“馈线自动化覆盖率”指具有馈线自动化功能的线路条数占线路总条数的比值情况，用以反映馈线的自动化覆盖程度，计算公式如式(21)所示：8) "Feeder automation coverage rate" refers to the ratio of the number of lines with feeder automation function to the total number of lines, which is used to reflect the automation coverage of feeder lines. The calculation formula is shown in formula (21):

9)“配电自动化主站运行率”指配电自动化主站在考核时间内的运行时间占比，用以反映配电自动化主站的运行水平，计算公式如式(22)所示：9) "Operation rate of distribution automation master station" refers to the proportion of operation time of distribution automation master station within the assessment time, which is used to reflect the operation level of distribution automation master station. The calculation formula is shown in formula (22):

10)“配电终端月在线率”指考核月内所有配电终端的总在线时间占比，用以反映配电终端的运行水平，计算公式如式(23)所示：10) "Monthly online rate of power distribution terminals" refers to the proportion of the total online time of all power distribution terminals in the assessment month, which is used to reflect the operation level of power distribution terminals. The calculation formula is shown in formula (23):

11)“馈线自动化正确动作率”指馈线自动化动作正确次数占动作总次数的比值情况，用以反映馈线自动化的运行效率。馈线自动化在故障时推出的故障定位策略正确即认为馈线自动化正确动作，计算公式如式(24)所示：11) "Correct action rate of feeder automation" refers to the ratio of the number of correct actions of feeder automation to the total number of actions, which is used to reflect the operating efficiency of feeder automation. If the fault location strategy launched by the feeder automation is correct, it is considered that the feeder automation is acting correctly. The calculation formula is shown in formula (24):

12)“在线监测覆盖率”指安装在线监测系统的设备占相应设备总数之比，用以反映主动配电网的观测能力，计算公式如式(25)所示：12) "Online monitoring coverage" refers to the ratio of the equipment installed with the online monitoring system to the total number of corresponding equipment, which is used to reflect the observation ability of the active distribution network. The calculation formula is shown in formula (25):

13)“PMS和GIS数据一致率”指PMS和GIS实际一致数据项的占比，用以反映主动配电网的信息系统支撑效率，计算公式如式(26)所示：13) "PMS and GIS data consistency rate" refers to the proportion of PMS and GIS actual consistent data items, which is used to reflect the information system support efficiency of the active distribution network. The calculation formula is shown in formula (26):

14)“信息系统功能覆盖率”指信息系统功能覆盖单位数占应覆盖单位数之比，用以反映主动配电网的信息系统支撑水平，计算公式如式(27)所示：14) "Information system function coverage rate" refers to the ratio of the number of information system function coverage units to the number of units that should be covered, which is used to reflect the information system support level of the active distribution network. The calculation formula is shown in formula (27):

15)“信息系统可用率”指信息网络可用时间占总应用时间之比，用以反映主动配电网的信息系统支撑水平，计算公式如式(28)所示：15) "Information system availability rate" refers to the ratio of the information network availability time to the total application time, which is used to reflect the information system support level of the active distribution network. The calculation formula is shown in formula (28):

5.网络结构5. Network structure

网络结构类指标反映建设主动配电网过程中网络结构的完善进程，主要分为转供能力、电源备用情况、网络灵活性三项二级指标；其中转供能力指标考察主动配电网在故障发生后的应对能力，主要分为“主变N-1通过率”和“高、中压线路的N-1通过率”两项三级指标；电源备用情况指标反映了配电网中变电站对主变或电源进线故障的应对能力，主要分为“变电站单电源线率”和“变电站单主变率”两项三级指标；灵活的网络结构是靠合理的线路分段和较高的互联水平实现的，本发明用“中压线路平均分段数”、“中压线路联络率”和“中压线路站间联络率”三项三级指标来综合反映主动配电网的网络灵活性指标；各指标计算公式如下：Network structure indicators reflect the improvement process of the network structure in the process of constructing the active distribution network, and are mainly divided into three secondary indicators: transfer capacity, power supply backup situation, and network flexibility; among them, the transfer capacity indexexamines the active distribution network in The ability to respond after a fault occurs is mainly divided into two three-level indicators: "N-1 pass rate of main transformer" and "N-1 pass rate of high and medium voltage lines"; The ability to respond to main transformer or power incoming line failures is mainly divided into two three-level indicators: "substation single power line rate" and "substation single main transformer rate"; flexible network structure is based on reasonable line segmentation and higher The interconnection level is realized, and the present invention comprehensively reflects the network of the active distribution network with three three-level indicators of "average number of segments of medium voltage lines", "connection rate of medium voltage lines" and "connection rate between stations of medium voltage lines". Flexibility index; the calculation formula of each index is as follows:

1)“主变N-1通过率”指电网中的一台主变故障或计划退出运行时，保持对用户正常持续供电能力的整体量化描述，计算公式如式(29)所示：1) "Main transformer N-1 passing rate" refers to the overall quantitative description of the user's normal and continuous power supply capacity when a main transformer in the power grid fails or is scheduled to be out of operation. The calculation formula is shown in formula (29):

2)“高压线路N-1通过率”指电网中的一条高压线路故障或计划退出运行时，保持对用户正常持续供电能力的整体量化描述，计算公式如式(30)所示：2) "High-voltage line N-1 passing rate" refers to the overall quantitative description of the user's normal and continuous power supply capacity when a high-voltage line in the power grid fails or is planned to be out of operation. The calculation formula is shown in formula (30):

3)“中压线路N-1通过率”指电网中的一条中压线路故障或计划退出运行时，保持对用户正常持续供电能力的整体量化描述，计算公式如式(31)所示：3) "Medium-voltage line N-1 passing rate" refers to the overall quantitative description of the user's normal and continuous power supply capacity when a medium-voltage line in the power grid fails or is scheduled to withdraw from operation. The calculation formula is shown in formula (31):

4)“变电站单电源线率”指只有单回线供电的变电站所占的比例，用以反映变电站的电源备用情况，计算公式如式(32)所示：4) "Single power supply line rate of substation" refers to the proportion of substations with only single circuit power supply, which is used to reflect the power backup situation of substations. The calculation formula is shown in formula (32):

5)“变电站单主变率”指只有单台主变的变电站所占的比例，用以反映变电站的电源备用情况，计算公式如式(33)所示：5) "Single main transformer ratio of a substation" refers to the proportion of a substation with only a single main transformer, which is used to reflect the power backup situation of the substation. The calculation formula is shown in formula (33):

6)“中压线路平均分段数”指中压架空线路的平均分段数，用以反映中压配电网的结构灵活性，计算公式如式(34)所示：6) "Average number of segments of medium-voltage lines" refers to the average number of segments of medium-voltage overhead lines, which is used to reflect the structural flexibility of the medium-voltage distribution network. The calculation formula is shown in formula (34):

7)“中压线路联络率”指具备联络的中压线路的占比情况，计算公式如式(35)所示：7) "Medium-voltage line connection rate" refers to the proportion of medium-voltage lines with connection, and the calculation formula is shown in formula (35):

8)“中压线路站间联络率”指具备站间联络的中压线路的占比情况，计算公式如式(36)所示：8) "Medium-voltage line inter-station communication rate" refers to the proportion of medium-voltage lines with inter-station communication, and the calculation formula is shown in formula (36):

6.再生能源6. Renewable energy

再生能源指标反映主动配电网对再生能源的利用情况；主要从分布式能源接入水平和分布式能源运行情况两项二级指标来评价主动配电网的再生能源利用情况；其中分布式能源接入水平指标主要分为“再生能源发电容量比例”、“储能容量比例”和“电动汽车充电负荷比例”三项三级指标；分布式能源运行情况指标主要分为“分布式能源数据上传率”和“分布式能源远程控制率”两项三级指标，反映配电网主动控制分布式能源运行状态的能力，体现了主动配电网中观测控制手段对主动消纳分布式能源的支撑情况。各指标计算公式如下：The renewable energy index reflects the utilization of renewable energy by the active distribution network; it mainly evaluates the utilization of renewable energy in the active distribution network from two secondary indicators: the access level of distributed energy and the operation of distributed energy; among them, distributed energy Access level indicators are mainly divided into three three-level indicators: "renewable energy generation capacity ratio", "energy storage capacity ratio" and "electric vehicle charging load ratio"; distributed energy operation status indicators are mainly divided into "distributed energy data upload Rate” and “Remote Control Rate of Distributed Energy” are two three-level indicators, which reflect the ability of the distribution network to actively control the operation status of distributed energy, and reflect the support of observation and control methods in the active distribution network for the active consumption of distributed energy. Condition. The calculation formula of each indicator is as follows:

1)“再生能源发电容量比例”是指再生能源发电装机容量占区域最大负荷的比例，用以反映主动配电网中再生能源发电的接入规模，计算公式如式(37)所示：1) "Proportion of renewable energy power generation capacity" refers to the proportion of installed capacity of renewable energy power generation to the maximum load in the region, which is used to reflect the access scale of renewable energy power generation in the active distribution network. The calculation formula is shown in formula (37):

2)“储能容量比例”是指储能装置装机容量占区域最大负荷的比例，用以反映主动配电网中储能装置的接入规模，计算公式如式(38)所示：2) "Proportion of energy storage capacity" refers to the ratio of the installed capacity of energy storage devices to the maximum load in the area, which is used to reflect the scale of access to energy storage devices in the active distribution network. The calculation formula is shown in formula (38):

3)“电动汽车充电负荷比例”是指电动汽车充换电设施的充电负荷占区域最大负荷的比例，用以反映配电网中电动汽车充换电站的接入规模，计算公式如式(39)所示：3) "Proportion of electric vehicle charging load" refers to the proportion of the charging load of electric vehicle charging and swapping facilities to the maximum load in the area, which is used to reflect the access scale of electric vehicle charging and swapping stations in the distribution network. The calculation formula is as follows (39 ) as shown:

4)“分布式电源数据上传率”是指能够上传运行数据的分布式电源容量占全部分布式电源之比，用以反映主动配电网对分布式电源的信息化支撑能力，计算公式如式(40)所示：4) "Distributed power supply data upload rate" refers to the ratio of distributed power supply capacity capable of uploading operation data to all distributed power supplies, which is used to reflect the informatization support capability of active distribution network for distributed power supply. The calculation formula is as follows: As shown in (40):

5)“分布式电源远程控制率”是指安装有远控装置，并与电力公司达成协议，可以实施远程控制的分布式电源容量占分布式电源总装机容量之比，用以反映主动配电网对分布式电源出力的控制能力，计算公式如式(41)所示：5) "Remote control rate of distributed power generation" refers to the ratio of distributed power generation capacity that can be remotely controlled to the total installed capacity of distributed power generation with remote control devices installed and an agreement reached with the power company to reflect active power distribution. The control ability of the network to the distributed power output, the calculation formula is shown in formula (41):

7.用户互动7. User interaction

用户互动指标反映主动配电网中用户互动的开展情况，主要分为电能互动和用电信息互动两项二级指标，电能互动指标即通过需求响应技术促使用户主动调整用电方式，根据需求响应技术的两大类型，采用“动态电价用电量比例”和“可控负荷比例”两项三级指标对其进行评价；用电信息互动指标考察主动配电网观测控制手段对用户互动的支撑力度，用“智能电表覆盖率”和“用电信息采集系统覆盖率”两项三级指标予以反映。各指标计算公式如下：The user interaction index reflects the development of user interaction in the active distribution network. It is mainly divided into two secondary indicators: electric energy interaction and electricity consumption information interaction. The two types of technologies are evaluated by using two three-level indicators of "dynamic electricity price electricity consumption ratio" and "controllable load ratio"; the electricity consumption information interaction indexexamines the effect of active distribution network observation and control methods on user interaction. The strength of support is reflected by the two three-level indicators of "smart meter coverage" and "coverage of electricity information collection system". The calculation formula of each indicator is as follows:

1)“动态电价用电量比例”指参与阶梯电价、季节电价等动态电价响应的用电量占用电总量的比值，用以反映电价手段需求响应的实施情况，计算公式如式(42)所示：1) "Dynamic electricity price electricity consumption ratio" refers to the ratio of the total amount of electricity used to participate in dynamic electricity price responses such as ladder electricity prices and seasonal electricity prices. It is used to reflect the implementation of demand response by electricity price means. The calculation formula is as follows Shown:

2)“可控负荷比例”是指需求管理系统可以直接控制的负荷量占区域负荷总量的比例，用以反映激励措施需求响应的实施情况，计算公式如式(43)所示：2) "Controllable load ratio" refers to the ratio of the load that can be directly controlled by the demand management system to the total regional load, which is used to reflect the implementation of demand response for incentive measures. The calculation formula is shown in formula (43):

3)“智能电表覆盖率”指用户电表中智能电表所占的比例，用以反映用户互动的信息化支撑水平，计算公式如式(44)所示：3) "Smart meter coverage" refers to the proportion of smartmeters in usermeters, which is used to reflect the information support level of user interaction. The calculation formula is shown in formula (44):

4)“用电信息采集系统覆盖率”指用户中安装用电信息采集系统的用户所占的比例，用以反映用户互动的信息化支撑水平，计算公式如式(45)所示：4) "Coverage of electricity consumption information collection system" refers to the proportion of users who have installed electricity consumption information collection system, which is used to reflect the informatization support level of user interaction. The calculation formula is shown in formula (45):

在步骤3)中，所述的实施综合评价的方法为：In step 3), the described method of implementing comprehensive evaluation is:

步骤3.1)利用DEMATEL-ANP法计算一级指标权重；Step 3.1) use the DEMATEL-ANP method to calculate the first-level index weight;

所构建的主动配电网综合评价指标体系中的7项一级指标既有性能类指标也有状态类指标，显然这两种指标之间具有关联关系，特征指标是性能指标的基础，性能的提升又可以反馈作用于状态的发展；且性能指标之间、状态指标之间也互相关联，构成一个复杂的网络系统；因此采用DEMATEL-ANP计算一级指标的权重；The 7 first-level indicators in the comprehensive evaluation index system of the active distribution network have both performance indicators and status indicators. Obviously, there is a correlation between these two indicators. The characteristic indicators are the basis of performance indicators, and the improvement of performance It can also feed back the development of the status; and the performance indicators and the status indicators are also related to each other to form a complex network system; therefore, DEMATEL-ANP is used to calculate the weight of the first-level indicators;

所述DEMATEL-ANP法是基于ANP(Analysisnetworkprocess，网络分析法)的一种改进，用DEMATEL法的直接影响判断替代了ANP法要求的多次两两比较过程，一方面可降低制定权重工作中的复杂度，另一方面由DEMATEL法得到的综合影响矩阵可以将相关的因子分为原因群和结果群，从中能获得与内部相互依赖关系相关的有价值信息，有助于ANP网络模型的构建；在此基础上再使用ANP法求解加权超矩阵及极限矩阵，得到权重向量；在本实施例中的具体步骤如下：Described DEMATEL-ANP method is based on ANP (Analysisnetworkprocess, a kind of improvement of network analysis method), replaces the multiple pairwise comparison process that ANP method requires with the direct influence judgment of DEMATEL method, can reduce formulating weight work on the one hand Complexity, on the other hand, the comprehensive impact matrix obtained by the DEMATEL method can divide related factors into cause groups and result groups, from which valuable information related to internal interdependence can be obtained, which is helpful for the construction of ANP network models; On this basis, use ANP method to solve weighted supermatrix and limit matrix again, obtain weight vector; Concrete steps in the present embodiment are as follows:

1.确定系统元素1. Identify system elements

明确分析对象系统中的元素构成，即7项一级指标；Clearly analyze the element composition in the target system, that is, seven first-level indicators;

2.产生直接关系矩阵2. Generate direct relationship matrix

采用专家打分或小组讨论法等方式判断元素两两间的关系；元素间的关系以四级影响度表示：0为没有影响，1为稍微影响，2为较强影响，3为非常影响；对于有n个元素的系统，得到的n阶方阵称为直接关系矩阵D，D中元素d_ij代表元素i影响元素j的程度，D的对角线元素为0；直接关系矩阵D中元素的取值如表1所示；The relationship between elements is judged by means of expert scoring or group discussion; the relationship between elements is expressed by four levels of influence: 0 means no influence, 1 means slight influence, 2 means strong influence, and 3 means very much influence; For a system with n elements, the obtained n-order square matrix is called the direct relationship matrix D, and the element d_ij in D represents the degree to which element i influences element j, and the diagonal elements of D are 0; the elements in the direct relationship matrix D The values are shown inTable 1 ;

表1直接关系矩阵DTable 1 Direct relationship matrix D

3.归一化直接关系矩阵3. Normalized Direct Relationship Matrix

根据下式对直接关系矩阵D进行归一化，得到归一化直接关系矩阵X如表2所示；The direct relationship matrix D is normalized according to the following formula, and the normalized direct relationship matrix X is obtainedas shown in Table 2 ;

X＝λ·DX=λ·D

表2归一化直接关系矩阵XTable 2 Normalized Direct Relationship Matrix X

4.计算综合影响矩阵4. Calculate the comprehensive impact matrix

一旦得到归一化直接关系矩阵X，由于因此综合影响矩阵T可由下式得到，式中I为单位矩阵，t_ij即为元素i对元素j的综合影响程度，综合影响矩阵T如表3所示；Once the normalized direct relationship matrix X is obtained, due to Therefore, the comprehensive influence matrix T can be obtained by the following formula, where I is the unit matrix, t_ij is the comprehensive influence degree of element i on element j, and the comprehensive influence matrix Tis shown in Table 3 ;

$\mathrm{<span><span>T</span>T</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>{\underset{\mathrm{<span><span>k</span>k</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span><span>\&infin;</span>\&infin;</span>}}{<span><span>\&Sigma;</span>\&Sigma;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span><span>k</span>k</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>I</span>I</span>}<span><span>-</span>-</span>\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span>}^{<span><span>-</span>-</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span>{<span><span>\&lsqb;</span>\&lsqb;</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>j</span>j</span>}}<span><span>\&rsqb;</span>\&rsqb;</span>}_{\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}<span><span>\&times;</span>\&times;</span>\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}}<span><span>,</span>,</span>\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}<span><span>,</span>,</span>\mathrm{<span><span>j</span>j</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>,</span>,</span>\mathrm{<span><span>2</span>2</span>}<span><span>,</span>,</span><span><span>...</span>...</span><span><span>,</span>,</span>\mathrm{<span><span>n</span>no</span>}$

表3综合影响矩阵TTable 3 Comprehensive impact matrix T

5.设定阈值5. Set the threshold

通常可以将元素之间较小的影响忽略掉，即通过设定阈值将综合影响矩阵T中小于阈值的元素置为0，得到的忽略低于阈值的关联关系之后的综合影响矩阵T′可以有效减小影响关系的复杂度；经过专家讨论和反复试验，设置综合影响矩阵的阈值为0.40，将表3中低于阈值的关联关系忽略后得到如表4所示的一级指标相互影响关系；Usually, the small influence between elements can be ignored, that is, by setting the threshold, the elements smaller than the threshold in the comprehensive influence matrix T are set to 0, and the obtained comprehensive influence matrix T′ after ignoring the correlations below the threshold can be effectively Reduce the complexity of the impact relationship; after expert discussion and repeated trials, set the threshold of the comprehensive impact matrix to 0.40, and ignore the correlations below the threshold inTable 3 to obtain the first-level index mutual influence relationship shown inTable 4 ;

表4忽略低于阈值的关联关系之后的综合影响矩阵T’Table 4 The comprehensive impact matrix T' after ignoring the association relationship below the threshold

6.计算一级指标权重向量6. Calculate the weight vector of the first-level index

求列归一化的T’的特征值和特征向量，特征根1对应的特征向量W即为7项一级指标的权重，如下式所示；Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the column-normalized T’, and the eigenvector W corresponding to the characteristic root 1 is the weight of the 7 first-level indicators, as shown in the following formula;

W＝[0.11710.08790.03580.25660.15210.22070.1298]W = [0.11710.08790.03580.25660.15210.22070.1298]

步骤3.2)计算整体权重Step 3.2) Calculate the overall weight

由于各一级指标的下级指标之间相关性较弱，本发明对二级指标、三级指标直至叶指标的权重采用专家打分法确定，邀请北京、天津、山东、河南、湖南、宁夏等地电网公司单位以及高校的多位专家，先经专家独立打分，然后对统计结果进行讨论修正，并与由DEMATEL-ANP法制定的一级指标权重相结合后得到指标体系的整体权重如表5所示；Since the correlation between the lower-level indicators of each first-level index is relatively weak, the present invention adopts the expert scoring method to determine the weights of the second-level indicators, third-level indicators, and leaf indicators. Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Ningxia and other places are invited A number of experts from power grid companies and universities first scoredindependently by the experts , and then discussed and corrected the statistical results, and combined with the first-level index weights formulated by the DEMATEL-ANP method, the overall weight of the index system was obtainedas shown in Table 5. shown;

表5主动配电网综合评价指标权重示例Table 5 Weight example of comprehensive evaluation index for active distribution network

步骤3.3)制定叶指标评价标准Step 3.3) Formulate leaf index evaluation criteria

由专家根据指标定义、公式和单位为叶指标分类，并制定每项叶指标采用百分制得0、20、40、60、80、100分时的指标取值；叶指标的类型根据其实际值与理想值之间的关系可以分为效益型指标、成本型指标和区间型指标3类，其中效益型指标为指标取值越大其得分越高的指标；成本型指标为指标取值越小其得分越高的指标；而区间型指标则为在中间的某个数值或子区间取值时得分最高的指标；基于叶指标的离散评价标准，采用二次曲线对各叶指标的指标取值进行拟合，最终得到所有叶指标的评分函数；其中效益型和成本型指标均采用二次多项式的曲线拟合作为评分函数，区间型指标采用分段的曲线拟合作为评分函数；评分函数如表6所示；Experts classify the leaf indicators according to the indicator definitions, formulas and units, and formulate the index values for each leaf indicator using a percentage system of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 points; the type of leaf indicators is based on its actual value and The relationship between ideal values can be divided into three categories: benefit-type indicators, cost-type indicators, and interval-type indicators. Among them, the benefit-type indicators are indicators whose values are larger and the scores are higher; The index with the higher score; while the interval index is the index with the highest score when a certain value or sub-interval is selected in the middle; based on the discrete evaluation standard of the leaf index, the index value of each leaf index is evaluated using the quadratic curve. Finally, the scoring functions of all leaf indicators are obtained; the benefit-type and cost-type indicators use quadratic polynomial curve fitting as the scoring function, and the interval-type indicators use segmented curve fitting as the scoring function; the scoring functions areshown in the table as shown in6 ;

表6主动配电网综合评价叶指标评分函数示例Table 6 Example of scoring function of leaf index for comprehensive evaluation of active distribution network

在步骤4)中，所述的分析目标电网发展水平，提出改进方法的具体方法为：In step 4), the specific method of proposing an improvement method for analyzing the development level of the target power grid is as follows:

选取我国某直辖市的实际配电网作为目标电网，进行综合评价；综合评价对象为该市现状电网和“十三五”末期的2020年规划态电网，用以了解该市现状电网的总体水平和存在问题，并评估规划方案对现存薄弱环节的改善效果；The actual distribution network of a municipality directly under the central government in my country is selected as the target grid for comprehensive evaluation; the comprehensive evaluation objects are the current grid of the city and the planned grid in 2020 at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" to understand the overall level and status of the current grid of the city. Existing problems, and evaluate the improvement effect of the planning scheme on the existing weak links;

首先对待评价的目标电网各项叶指标计算所需的配网基础数据进行收集，然后根据步骤2)中各指标的计算公式和步骤3.3)制定的相应评分函数计算出叶指标得分，最后根据指标权重经逐层加权平均得到全部指标的得分以及城市配电网的总分，综合评分和一级指标得分如表7所示，图6所示的雷达图清晰地展示了现状电网与规划电网得分的对比；First, collect the distribution network basic data required for the calculation of each leaf index of the target power grid to be evaluated, and then calculate the leaf index score according to the calculation formula of each index in step 2) and the corresponding scoring function formulated in step 3.3), and finally according to the index The weights are weighted and averaged layer by layer to obtain the scores of all indicators and the total score of the urban distribution network. The comprehensive score and the score of the first-level indicators are shown inTable 7. The radarchart shown inFigure 6 clearly shows the score of the current grid and the planned grid contrast;

表7目标电网综合评价结果Table 7 Comprehensive evaluation results of the target power grid

现状电网方面，该市现状电网整体得分为70.0，属于较高水平，在供电质量、经济高效、技术装备和网络结构方面得分均在75以上，体现了该市对传统配电网所关注方面的重视，评价结果与该市的地位相符；但是在绿色低碳、再生能源和用户互动方面的得分均较低，反映出该城市配电网仍处在向主动配电网过渡的低级阶段；In terms of the current power grid, the overall score of the city's current power grid is 70.0, which belongs to a relatively high level. The scores in terms of power supply quality, economic efficiency, technical equipment and network structure are all above 75, which reflects the city's attention to the traditional distribution network. Emphasis, the evaluation results are consistent with the status of the city; however, the scores in green low-carbon, renewable energy and user interaction are all low, reflecting that the city's distribution network is still in the low-level stage of transition to the active distribution network;

供电质量得分81.6，较高的供电可靠性和电能质量能够保证该市在满足电力用户基本需求的基础上对高科技产业的吸引力；经济高效得分77.7，设备利用率、线损水平和削峰填谷三方面得分均在70～79分区间，配电网运行效率处于较高水平；绿色低碳得分9.2，再生能源发电渗透率和电动汽车充电量比例两项得分都极低，不能满足节能减排的要求，亟需提高；技术装备得分83.2，一次设备配置和信息化支撑已处于较高水平，不足之处在于配电自动化水平较低，尤其是馈线自动化覆盖率仅为38.0分，仍需加大配电自动化覆盖；网络结构得分92.0，在转供能力和电源备用方面均已达到很高水平，网络灵活性方面中压线路平均分段数过多，仍有改进空间；再生能源得分55.7，分布式能源接入水平和分布式能源运行情况得分的反差显示出分布式能源总体接入水平非常低，但是电网对已有分布式能源的运行状态监控较好；因此需要在保证对新接入分布式能源运行信息监控的基础上，大力发展再生能源发电、电动汽车并配置相应的储能装置；用户互动得分49.0，用户信息互动的支撑条件已较为完善，电能互动方面受限于政策因素，推广效果不佳；根据现状电网综合评价结果，该市配电网的整体评价结果较好，主要不足之处在于再生能源接入和用户电能互动发展水平较低，配电网节能减排效果不佳，同时仍应继续提升配电自动化覆盖和网络灵活性；The power supply quality score is 81.6, high power supply reliability and power quality can ensure the city's attractiveness to high-tech industries on the basis of meeting the basic needs of power users; the economic efficiency score is 77.7, equipment utilization rate, line loss level and peak shaving The scores of the three aspects of valley filling are all in the 70-79 range, and the operating efficiency of the distribution network is at a relatively high level; the green and low-carbon score is 9.2, and the penetration rate of renewable energy power generation and the proportion of electric vehicle charging are both extremely low, which cannot meet the requirements for energy conservation. The requirements for emission reduction need to be improved urgently; the technical equipment score is 83.2, and the primary equipment configuration and information support are already at a relatively high level. The coverage of power distribution automation needs to be increased; the network structure score is 92.0, which has reached a very high level in terms of power transfer capacity and power backup; in terms of network flexibility, the average number of segments of medium-voltage lines is too large, and there is still room for improvement; the score of renewable energy 55.7, the contrast between the access level of distributed energy and the operation status of distributed energy shows that the overall access level of distributed energy is very low, but the power grid has a good monitoring of the operation status of existing distributed energy; On the basis of access to distributed energy operation information monitoring, vigorously develop renewable energy power generation, electric vehicles and configure corresponding energy storage devices; user interaction score is 49.0, the supporting conditions for user information interaction are relatively complete, and power interaction is limited by policies factors, the promotion effect is not good; according to the comprehensive evaluation results of the current power grid, the overall evaluation results of the city's distribution network are good, the main shortcomings are the low level of renewable energy access and user power interaction development, and the energy saving and emission reduction of the distribution network. The effect is not good, and the distribution automation coverage and network flexibility should still be improved;

由规划电网评价结果可以看出经过“十三五”期间的建设改造，该市配电网整体水平稳步提升，达到77.9分；提高供电质量仍受到了重点关注，改造后的配电网在供电质量方面得分均超过90分；配电自动化水平进一步提升，尤其是馈线自动化得到了针对性的提高，上升到64.3；中压线路平均分段数减少到合理范围，得分上升为82.3；但是再生能源和用户互动发展缓慢，均只提升了不到10分，规划态仍处于60分以下的水平，这也导致该市配电网的绿色低碳性能难有起色；由此可见，该市配电网的“十三五”规划方案中，针对现状电网存在的问题都有所关注，规划电网较现状电网有了一定的提高，但是主要集中在传统配电网方面，再生能源与用户互动的推广难度较大；这也体现了主动配电网建设的长期性与艰巨性，即便是国内较为先进的城市配电网，其主动配电网发展仍处于起步阶段；建议在今后深入建设主动配电网的过程中，大力发展再生能源发电与电动汽车，并严格控制分布式能源并网可能造成的供电质量问题；同时关注国家政策和电力体制改革，从互动方式和覆盖范围两方面推进用户电能互动，从整体上促进配电网供电质量、经济高效、绿色低碳性能的提升，推进我国配电网向主动配电网阶段迈进。From the evaluation results of the planned power grid, it can be seen that after the construction and transformation during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the overall level of the city's distribution network has steadily improved, reaching 77.9 points; The scores in terms of quality all exceeded 90 points; the level of distribution automation was further improved, especially the automation of feeder lines, which rose to 64.3; the average number of sections of medium-voltage lines was reduced to a reasonable range, and the score rose to 82.3; but renewable energy The development of interaction with users is slow, with only an increase of less than 10 points, and the planning status is still below 60 points, which also makes it difficult to improve the green and low-carbon performance of the city's distribution network; In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" plan of China Network, all the problems existing in the current power grid have been paid attention to. Compared with the current power grid, the planned power grid has improved to a certain extent, but it mainly focuses on the traditional distribution network, and the promotion of renewable energy and user interaction It is more difficult; this also reflects the long-term and arduous nature of the construction of active distribution networks. Even in the more advanced urban distribution networks in China, the development of active distribution networks is still in its infancy; it is recommended to further build active distribution networks in the future In the process of grid integration, vigorously develop renewable energy power generation and electric vehicles, and strictly control the power supply quality problems that may be caused by the grid connection of distributed energy; at the same time, pay attention tonational policies and power system reforms, and promote user power from two aspects: interaction mode and coverage. The interaction will promote the improvement of power supply quality, economic efficiency, green and low-carbon performance of the distribution network as a whole, and promote China's distribution network to move towards the stage of active distribution network.

Claims (5)

1. an active distribution network development level integrated evaluating method, is characterized in that: described active distribution network development level integrated evaluating method comprises the following step performed in order:

Step 1) build the IDEF0 model of active distribution network: utilize IDEF modeling method to build the IDEF0 model of active distribution network;

Step 2) build active distribution network System of Comprehensive Evaluation: according to the IDEF0 model of above-mentioned active distribution network, be designed for one to the N level index of active distribution network comprehensive evaluation, afterbody index is leaf index, thus constructs active distribution network System of Comprehensive Evaluation;

Step 3) implement comprehensive evaluation: adopt DEMATEL-ANP method to calculate the weight of above-mentioned first class index, then adopt expert graded to determine other index weights, obtain the overall weight of active distribution network System of Comprehensive Evaluation; And the evaluation criterion of leaf index is formulated in conjunction with expert estimation and conic fitting;

Step 4) evaluating objects power network development level, proposition is improved one's methods: collect target grid basic data, utilize above-mentioned active distribution network System of Comprehensive Evaluation to carry out comprehensive evaluation to target grid, and according to the development level of evaluation result evaluating objects electrical network, propose to improve one's methods.

2. active distribution network development level integrated evaluating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1) in, the IDEF0 model of described active distribution network, using conventional electrical distribution net I1 as input, using advanced primary equipment O11, improves observation control device O12, the strong O2 of network flexibly, high permeability distributed energy O3 and interactive load O4 as output.

3. active distribution network development level integrated evaluating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2) in, the method for described structure active distribution network System of Comprehensive Evaluation is:

With power supply quality, economical and efficient, green low-carbon and technical equipment, network structure, the renewable sources of energy, user interaction totally 7 indexs formed active distribution network overall evaluation system first class index;

Wherein power supply quality class index is mainly divided into power supply reliability and the quality of power supply two two-level index; Power supply reliability index reflects primarily of " the average power off time of user " and " the average frequency of power cut of user " two three grades of indexs; Power quality index reflects primarily of " integrated voltage qualification rate " and " imbalance of three-phase voltage rate " two three grades of indexs;

Economical and efficient class index is mainly divided into plant factor, line loss level and peak load shifting effect three two-level index; Plant factor index is mainly divided into " capacity-load ratio ", " main transformer Rate of average load ", " high-tension line Rate of average load " three three grades of indexs; The horizontal index of line loss is mainly divided into " comprehensive line loss per unit " and " platform district high damage ratio " two three grades of indexs; Peak load shifting effectiveness indicator is mainly divided into " peak-valley difference " and " rate of load condensate " two three grades of indexs;

Green low-carbon class index adopts " renewable source of energy generation permeability " and " charging electric vehicle amount ratio " two relative indicatrixes as three grades of indexs, not establish two-level index;

Technical equipment class index is mainly divided into primary equipment configuration, power distribution automation level and information-based support level three two-level index; In primary equipment configuration, reflect idle configuration level by " transformer station is idle allocation ratio ", " distribution transforming is idle allocation ratio " two three grades of indexs; The standardization level of primary equipment is reflected using the standardization of main transformer, circuit, distribution transforming as three grades of indexs; With " switch non-oil ultra high vacuum system rate " and " high damage distribution transforming ratio " two three grades of first Evolutionary Levels of indexs reflection primary equipment; The horizontal index of power distribution automation is mainly from coverage rate and the operational efficiency of " feeder automation coverage rate ", " power distribution automation main website operation ratio ", " the distribution terminal moon online rate " and " feeder automation action accuracy " four three grades of index comprehensive evaluation power distribution automations; Information-based support level index is mainly divided into " on-line monitoring coverage rate ", " PMS and GIS data concordance rate ", " Information System Function coverage rate " and " infosystem available rate " four three grades of indexs;

Network structure class index is mainly divided into turn confession ability, power backup situation, network flexibility three two-level index; Its transfer energy supply power index is mainly divided into " main transformer N-1 percent of pass " and " the N-1 percent of pass of height, medium-voltage line " two three grades of indexs; Power backup situation index is mainly divided into " transformer station's single supply line rate " and " the single main transformer rate of transformer station " two three grades of indexs; The network flexibility index of concentrated expression active distribution network is carried out by " medium-voltage line average mark hop count ", " medium-voltage line contact rate " and " between medium-voltage line station contact rate " three three grades of indexs;

Renewable sources of energy index mainly evaluates the utilization of regenerative energy situation of active distribution network from distributed energy access level and distributed energy ruuning situation two two-level index; Wherein the horizontal index of distributed energy access is mainly divided into " renewable source of energy generation capacity ratio ", " stored energy capacitance ratio " and " charging electric vehicle load proportion " three three grades of indexs; Distributed energy ruuning situation index is mainly divided into " distributed energy data upload rate " and " distributed energy Long-distance Control rate " two three grades of indexs;

User interaction index is mainly divided into interaction and interactive two two-level index of power information, and interaction index adopts " dynamic electricity price power consumption ratio " and " controllable burden ratio two " three grades of indexs to evaluate it; Interactive index " intelligent electric meter coverage rate " and " power information acquisition system coverage rate " two the three grades of indexs of power information are reflected.

4. active distribution network development level integrated evaluating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 3) in, the method for described enforcement comprehensive evaluation is:

Step 3.1) utilize DEMATEL-ANP method first order calculation index weights;

1). certainty annuity element

The element of specifying in analytic target system is formed, i.e. first class index;

2). produce direct relation matrix

The relation adopting expert estimation or Group discussion mode to judge between element between two; Relation between element represents with level Four disturbance degree: 0 is not impact, and 1 for affect a little, and 2 for affect more by force, and 3 for affect very much; For the system having n element, the n rank square formation obtained is called direct relation matrix D, element d in D_ijrepresentative element i affects the degree of element j, and the diagonal entry of D is 0;

3). normalization direct relation matrix

According to following formula, direct relation matrix D is normalized, obtains normalization direct relation matrix X;

X＝λ·D

$\mathrm{\&lambda;}=\min \left(\frac{1}{\underset{1\&le;i\&le;n}{max}\left(\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\&Sigma;}}{v}_{ij}\right),\underset{1\&le;j\&le;n}{max}\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\&Sigma;}}{v}_{ij}\right)}\right)$

4). calculate combined influence matrix

Due totherefore combined influence matrix T can be obtained by following formula, and in formula, I is unit matrix, t_ijbe the combined influence degree of element i to element j;

$T=\underset{k=1}{\overset{\mathrm{\&infin;}}{\&Sigma;}}{X}^k=X{(I-X)}^{-1}={\&lsqb;t_{ij}\&rsqb;}_{n\&times;n},i,j=1,2,...,n$

5). setting threshold value

By setting threshold value, the element being less than threshold value in combined influence matrix T is set to 0, the combined influence matrix T after obtaining ignoring lower than the incidence relation of threshold value ';

6). first order calculation index weights vector

Ask the eigenwert and proper vector that arrange normalized T ', eigenvalue 1 characteristic of correspondence vector W is the weight of first class index;

Step 3.2) calculate overall weight

Until the weight of leaf index adopts expert graded to determine, and after combining with the first class index weight formulated by DEMATEL-ANP method, the overall weight of index system is obtained to two-level index, three grades of indexs;

Step 3.3) formulate leaf metrics evaluation standard

Be leaf index classification by expert according to index definition, formula and unit, and formulate every leaf index and adopt centesimal system to obtain the index value of 0,20,40,60,80,100 timesharing; Based on the discrete evaluation criterion of leaf index, adopt the index value of quafric curve to each leaf index to carry out matching, finally obtain the score function of all leaf indexs; Wherein profit evaluation model and cost type index all adopt the curve of quadratic polynomial as score function, and interval type index adopts the curve of segmentation as score function.

5. active distribution network development level integrated evaluating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 4) in, described evaluating objects power network development level, the concrete grammar proposing to improve one's methods is:

First the distribution basic data needed for the every leaf index calculate of target grid to be evaluated is collected, then according to step 2) in the computing formula of each index and step 3.3) the corresponding score function formulated calculates leafing index score, finally obtains the score of whole index and the total score of urban power distribution network according to index weights through successively weighted mean.