技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种注浆充填方法，尤其适用于一种煤矿井下使用的的利用地面瓦斯抽采钻孔实现注浆充填的一孔两用方法。The invention relates to a grouting filling method, and is especially suitable for a dual-purpose method for grouting and filling in one hole by utilizing ground gas drainage boreholes used in underground coal mines.
背景技术Background technique
煤矿开采中，采煤将导致上覆岩层移动与瓦斯运移，当它们发展到一定程度时将形成采动灾害，如地表沉（塌）陷、瓦斯涌（突）出。因此，控制岩层移动与抽采卸压瓦斯成为采矿科技工作者需要解决的2大问题。控制岩层移动与抽采卸压瓦斯本身是相逆的2个过程，即前者需要阻止岩层弯曲变形，而后者则要求岩层得到充分卸压并产生采动裂隙后方可有效实施。故在传统的采矿工程中，这2个问题常常被分开进行处理，比如，通过实施覆岩隔离注浆充填减少岩层移动从而控制地表下沉，通过开采非突出煤层以卸压上邻近煤层，进而利用地面钻孔抽采上邻煤层卸压瓦斯。但是，在工程实践中，许多采区与工作面常常存在上邻煤层卸压瓦斯抽采与地表沉陷控制的共同工程需求，如被地面建筑物（如村庄）压覆的高瓦斯煤层群。此时，已不能将卸压瓦斯抽采与覆岩注浆充填作为2个独立的工程开展，而应该考虑在同一工程中实现二者兼顾，但已有技术中尚不具备这样的手段与方法，要么是仅利用地面钻孔抽采上邻煤层卸压瓦斯而放弃覆岩注浆充填，要么是仅实施覆岩隔离注浆充填而不抽采卸压瓦斯。显然，这2种已有技术均只能实现单一工程目的。In coal mining, coal mining will lead to the movement of overlying strata and gas migration, and when they develop to a certain extent, mining disasters will be formed, such as surface subsidence (collapse) and gas gushing (outburst). Therefore, controlling the movement of rock formations and extracting pressure relief gas have become two major problems that mining technology workers need to solve. Controlling the movement of rock formations and extracting pressure relief gas itself are two opposite processes, that is, the former needs to prevent the bending and deformation of the rock formations, while the latter requires the rock formations to be fully decompressed and produce mining cracks before they can be effectively implemented. Therefore, in traditional mining engineering, these two issues are often dealt with separately. For example, by implementing overlying rock isolation grouting filling to reduce rock movement and thereby control surface subsidence, and by mining non-outburst coal seams to relieve pressure on adjacent coal seams, and then Utilize ground boreholes to extract pressure-relieving gas from the upper adjacent coal seam. However, in engineering practice, many mining areas and working faces often have the common engineering requirements of pressure relief gas drainage of adjacent coal seams and surface subsidence control, such as high gas coal seam groups covered by ground buildings (such as villages). At this time, it is no longer possible to carry out pressure relief gas drainage and overlying rock grouting filling as two independent projects, and it should be considered to realize both in the same project, but there is no such means and method in the existing technology , or only use the surface drilling to drain the pressure relief gas in the upper adjacent coal seam and give up the overlying rock grouting filling, or only implement the overlying rock isolation grouting filling without drainage of the pressure relief gas. Obviously, these two kinds of existing technologies can only realize a single engineering purpose.
发明内容Contents of the invention
技术问题：本发明的目的是克服已有技术中无法兼顾地面钻孔抽采卸压瓦斯与覆岩注浆充填的不足，提供一种兼顾煤层群卸压瓦斯抽采与覆岩注浆充填、克服充填浆液与瓦斯流动干扰难题、合理配合注浆充填与瓦斯抽采时机的利用地面瓦斯抽采钻孔实现注浆充填的一孔两用方法。Technical problem: The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the inadequacy of the prior art that cannot take into account both ground drilling pressure relief gas and overlying rock grouting filling, and provide a method that takes into account both coal seam group pressure relief gas drainage and overlying rock grouting filling, It is a double-purpose method for grouting and filling by using ground gas drainage drilling to overcome the problem of interference between filling slurry and gas flow, and to reasonably coordinate the timing of grouting filling and gas drainage.
技术方案：本发明的利用地面瓦斯抽采钻孔实现注浆充填的一孔两用方法，利用四开成孔法在采煤工作面上方的地表沿工作面布置若干个地面瓦斯钻孔,所述四开成孔法包括：在地表下钻形成松散层固井段，即第一开孔，在松散层固井段中安装第1开实心套管；在松散层固井段底端向下钻进，直至待抽卸压瓦斯的上邻近煤层上方10m处，以形成第二开孔，所述第二开孔穿过采煤工作面覆岩的关键层，在第二开孔内安装第2开实心套管护孔；继续钻孔直至开采煤层以上6m处，形成第三开孔，在第三开孔中安装花管护孔，花管顶端位于第2开实心套管底端以上10m；继续向下钻进直至开采煤层底板，形成第四开孔，第四开孔为裸孔，Technical solution: The dual-purpose method for grouting and filling by using ground gas extraction boreholes according to the present invention uses the four-opening hole-forming method to arrange several ground gas boreholes on the surface above the coal mining face along the working face. The above-mentioned four-opening hole-forming method includes: drilling to form a loose layer cementing section, that is, the first hole, installing the first solid casing in the loose layer cementing section; Drill until 10m above the upper adjacent coal seam where the pressure gas is to be pumped to form a second opening. The second opening passes through the key layer of the overlying rock of the coal mining face. 2. Open the solid casing protection hole; continue drilling until the 6m above the mining coal seam to form the third opening, install the flower tube protection hole in the third opening, and the top of the flower tube is located 10m above the bottom of the second solid casing ; Continue to drill down until the mining coal seam floor, forming the fourth opening, the fourth opening is an open hole,
其注浆充填步骤如下：The grouting filling steps are as follows:
a.在采煤工作面开采过程中，取排头第一个瓦斯钻孔设为第1地面瓦斯钻孔，采煤工作面前进方向与第1地面瓦斯钻孔1相邻的瓦斯钻孔设为第2地面瓦斯钻孔，每两个地面瓦斯钻孔为一组，通过地面抽采装置利用第1地面瓦斯钻孔抽采开采煤层的上邻近煤层中的卸压瓦斯；a. During the mining process of the coal mining face, the first gas borehole in the row is taken as the first ground gas borehole, and the gas borehole adjacent to the first ground gas borehole 1 in the advancing direction of the coal mining face is set as The second ground gas borehole, every two ground gas boreholes as a group, uses the first ground gas borehole to drain the pressure relief gas in the upper adjacent coal seam of the mined coal seam through the ground drainage device;
b.待第1地面瓦斯钻孔中的卸压瓦斯抽采结束后，开始利用第2地面瓦斯钻孔抽采卸压瓦斯，同时，在第1地面瓦斯钻孔的花管顶端处下入止浆木塞，从而将第2开实心套管内腔与花管内腔隔离开，并利用割刀将第2开实心套管在关键层与花管顶端之间的部分割出若干个环状割口，每个割口垂直高度30mm，相邻割口间距5m，以形成与覆岩离层区连通的通道，利用第1地面瓦斯钻孔形成的通道对覆岩离层区实施注浆充填；b. After the pressure relief gas drainage in the first ground gas borehole is completed, start to use the second ground gas borehole to drain the pressure relief gas, and at the same time, enter and stop at the top of the flower pipe of the first ground gas borehole Pulp cork, so as to isolate the inner cavity of the second solid sleeve from the inner cavity of the flower tube, and use a cutter to cut a number of annular cuts on the part of the second solid sleeve between the key layer and the top of the flower tube , the vertical height of each cut is 30mm, and the distance between adjacent cuts is 5m, so as to form a channel connected with the overlying rock abscission area, and use the channel formed by the first ground gas drilling to fill the overlying rock abscission area;
c.待第1地面瓦斯钻孔离层注浆充填与第2地面瓦斯钻孔中的卸压瓦斯抽采均结束后，去除第1地面瓦斯钻孔中的止浆木塞，利用第1个地面瓦斯钻孔尽头的第4开的裸孔对钻孔顶部尽头的采空区实施注浆充填，直到采空区被充填满，注浆充填结束；c. After the separation layer grouting filling of the first ground gas borehole and the pressure relief gas drainage in the second ground gas borehole are completed, remove the stopper in the first ground gas borehole and use the first The 4th open hole at the end of the ground gas borehole is filled with grouting to the goaf at the top end of the borehole until the goaf is filled and the grouting is completed;
d.重复上述步骤，依次针对整个工作面内的所有地面瓦斯钻孔进行卸压瓦斯抽采与覆岩注浆充填。d. Repeat the above steps to carry out pressure relief gas drainage and overlying rock grouting for all ground gas boreholes in the entire working face in sequence.
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明利用地面瓦斯钻孔实施卸压瓦斯抽采和覆岩注浆充填，解决了传统技术无法在地面瓦斯钻孔抽采条件下实现覆岩注浆充填的不足，克服了充填浆液与瓦斯流动干扰难题。该方法的有益效果还在于，仅利用瓦斯抽采钻孔便实现了先抽采上邻煤层的卸压瓦斯后对覆岩离层区实施注浆充填，能够在解决高瓦斯煤层群条件下的上邻近煤层瓦斯问题的同时，利用覆岩离层区和采空区内的充填浆液有效阻止岩层与地表的移动变形，从而实现地表沉陷控制以及地面建筑物保护，是有效的煤矿绿色开采技术。Beneficial effects: Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention uses ground gas drilling to implement pressure relief gas drainage and overlying rock grouting filling, which solves the problem that the traditional technology cannot realize overlying rock grouting under the condition of ground gas drilling extraction It overcomes the problem of interference between filling slurry and gas flow. The beneficial effect of this method is that only by using the gas drainage boreholes, the pressure-relieving gas of the upper adjacent coal seam can be drained first, and then the overlying rock separation layer area can be grouted and filled, which can solve the problem of high-gas coal seam group conditions. While solving the gas problem in adjacent coal seams, using the filling slurry in the overlying rock separation zone and goaf to effectively prevent the movement and deformation of the rock strata and the ground surface, so as to realize the control of surface subsidence and the protection of ground buildings, is an effective green mining technology for coal mines.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的采煤工作面上方地面瓦斯钻孔布置平面示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the gas drilling arrangement on the ground above the coal mining face of the present invention;
图2是本发明的利用地面瓦斯钻孔实施上邻近煤层卸压瓦斯抽采的剖面示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the present invention utilizing ground gas drilling to implement pressure relief gas drainage in upper adjacent coal seams;
图3是本发明的利用地面瓦斯钻孔实施覆岩离层注浆充填的剖面示意图；Fig. 3 is the sectional schematic diagram of utilizing ground gas drilling to implement overlying rock separation layer grouting filling according to the present invention;
图4是本发明的利用地面瓦斯钻孔实施采空区注浆充填的剖面示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of using ground gas drilling to implement goaf grouting filling according to the present invention.
图中：1－第1地面瓦斯钻孔；2－第2地面瓦斯钻孔；3－采煤工作面；4－地表；5－关键层；6－上邻近煤层；7－开采煤层；8－采动裂隙；9－裸孔；10－花管；11－第2开实心套管；12－第1开实心套管；13－止浆木塞；14－割口；15－瓦斯流动路径；16－浆液流动路径。In the figure: 1 - the first ground gas drilling hole; 2 - the second ground gas drilling hole; 3 - coal mining face; 4 - surface; 5 - key layer; 6 - upper adjacent coal seam; 7 - mining coal seam; 8 - Mining fissure; 9-open hole; 10-flower tube; 11-the second solid casing; 12-the first solid casing; 13-pulp stopper; 14-cut; 15-gas flow path; 16 - Slurry flow path.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的描述：Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
如图1所示，利用地面瓦斯抽采钻孔实现注浆充填的一孔两用方法，利用四开成孔法在采煤工作面3上方的地表4沿工作面3布置若干个地面瓦斯钻孔,所述四开成孔法包括：在地表下钻形成松散层固井段，即第一开孔，在松散层固井段中安装第1开实心套管12；在松散层固井段底端向下钻进，直至待抽卸压瓦斯的上邻近煤层6上方10m处，以形成第二开孔，所述第二开孔穿过采煤工作面3覆岩的关键层5，在第二开孔内安装第2开实心套管11护孔；继续钻孔直至开采煤层以上6m处，形成第三开孔，在第三开孔中安装花管10护孔，花管10顶端位于第2开实心套管11底端以上10m；继续向下钻进直至开采煤层7底板，形成第四开孔，第四开孔为裸孔9，As shown in Figure 1, the dual-purpose method of grouting filling is realized by using ground gas drainage boreholes, and several ground gas drills are arranged along the working face 3 on the surface 4 above the coal mining face 3 by using the four-opening hole-forming method. Holes, the four-opening hole-forming method includes: drilling under the surface to form a loose layer cementing section, that is, the first opening, installing the first solid casing 12 in the loose layer cementing section; The bottom end is drilled downward until the upper adjacent coal seam 6 where the pressure gas is to be pumped is 10m above, to form a second opening, and the second opening passes through the key layer 5 of the overlying rock of the coal mining face 3, Install the 2nd open solid sleeve pipe 11 protective hole in the second opening; Continue to drill until the 6m place above the mining coal seam, form the 3rd opening, install flower pipe 10 protective hole in the 3rd opening, flower pipe 10 top is positioned at 10m above the bottom end of the second solid casing 11; continue to drill down until the bottom plate of the mining coal seam 7, forming the fourth opening, which is the bare hole 9,
如图2、图3和图4所示，注浆充填步骤如下：As shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, the grouting filling steps are as follows:
a.在采煤工作面3开采过程中，取排头第一个瓦斯钻孔设为第1地面瓦斯钻孔1，沿采煤工作面前进方向与第1地面瓦斯钻孔1相邻的瓦斯钻孔设为第2地面瓦斯钻孔2，每两个地面瓦斯钻孔为一组，通过地面抽采装置利用第1地面瓦斯钻孔1抽采开采煤层7的上邻近煤层6中的卸压瓦斯；a. During the mining process of coal mining face 3, take the first gas borehole in the row as the first ground gas borehole 1, and the gas drill adjacent to the first ground gas borehole 1 along the advancing direction of the coal mining face The hole is set as the second ground gas borehole 2, and every two ground gas boreholes form a group, and the pressure relief gas in the upper adjacent coal seam 6 of the mining coal seam 7 is extracted by the ground drainage device using the first ground gas borehole 1 ;
b.待第1地面瓦斯钻孔1中的卸压瓦斯抽采结束后，开始利用第2地面瓦斯钻孔2抽采卸压瓦斯，同时，在第1地面瓦斯钻孔1的花管10顶端处下入止浆木塞13，从而将第2开实心套管11内腔与花管10内腔隔离开，并利用割刀将第2开实心套管11在关键层5与花管10顶端之间的部分割出若干个环状割口14，每个割口垂直高度30mm，相邻割口间距5m，以形成与覆岩离层区连通的通道，利用第1地面瓦斯钻孔1形成的通道对覆岩离层区实施注浆充填；b. After the pressure relief gas extraction in the first ground gas borehole 1 is completed, start to use the second ground gas borehole 2 to drain the pressure relief gas. Put the stopper 13 in place, so that the inner cavity of the second solid casing 11 is isolated from the inner cavity of the flower tube 10, and the second solid casing 11 is placed between the key layer 5 and the top of the flower tube 10 by using a cutter. A number of annular cuts 14 are cut in the part between them, the vertical height of each cut is 30mm, and the distance between adjacent cuts is 5m, so as to form a channel connected with the overlying rock separation zone, which is formed by the first ground gas borehole 1 Grouting filling is carried out in the overlying strata separation zone through the channel;
c.待第1地面瓦斯钻孔1离层注浆充填与第2地面瓦斯钻孔2中的卸压瓦斯抽采均结束后，去除第1地面瓦斯钻孔1中的止浆木塞13，利用第1个地面瓦斯钻孔1尽头的第4开的裸孔9对钻孔顶部尽头的采空区实施注浆充填，直到采空区被充填满，注浆充填结束；c. After the separation grouting filling of the first ground gas borehole 1 and the pressure relief gas drainage in the second ground gas borehole 2 are completed, remove the stopper 13 in the first ground gas borehole 1, Utilize the fourth open hole 9 at the end of the first ground gas borehole 1 to implement grouting filling to the goaf at the end of the top of the borehole until the goaf is filled and the grouting filling is completed;
d.重复上述步骤，依次针对整个工作面内的所有地面瓦斯钻孔进行卸压瓦斯抽采与覆岩注浆充填。d. Repeat the above steps to carry out pressure relief gas drainage and overlying rock grouting for all ground gas boreholes in the entire working face in sequence.
结合具体实施工作面作具体说明：Combined with the specific implementation work surface for specific instructions:
根据采煤工作面3的走向长度，按照180m的孔间距在采煤工作面3上方的地表4布置4个地面瓦斯钻孔，地面瓦斯钻孔由4开成孔，第1开为松散层固井段，下第1开实心套管12护孔，第2开孔底位于最上一层待抽卸压瓦斯的上邻近煤层6上方10m，并下第2开实心套管11护孔，第3开孔内下入花管10护孔，花管10顶端位于第2开实心套管11底端以上10m，第4开为裸孔9，终孔位于开采煤层7底板；According to the strike length of the coal mining face 3, four ground gas boreholes are arranged on the ground surface 4 above the coal mining face 3 according to the hole spacing of 180m. In the well section, the first solid casing 12 is used to protect the holes, the bottom of the second hole is located 10m above the uppermost coal seam 6 where the pressure gas is to be pumped, and the second solid casing 11 is used to protect the holes. Put the flower tube 10 into the opening to protect the hole, the top of the flower tube 10 is located 10m above the bottom of the second solid casing 11, the fourth opening is a bare hole 9, and the final hole is located on the bottom plate of the mining coal seam 7;
按常规开采工艺开采采煤工作面3，当采煤工作面3开采至距第1地面瓦斯钻孔1约50m时，开始利用第1地面瓦斯钻孔1抽采开采煤层7上方的3层上邻近煤层6中的卸压瓦斯，由于采动影响，上邻近煤层6中将产生采动裂隙8，卸压瓦斯将在抽采负压作用下沿瓦斯流动路径15进入第1地面瓦斯钻孔1的花管10内，从而实现瓦斯抽采；The coal mining face 3 is mined according to the conventional mining technology, and when the coal mining face 3 is mined to about 50m away from the first ground gas borehole 1, the first ground gas borehole 1 is used to extract and mine the 3 layers above the coal seam 7 The pressure relief gas in the adjacent coal seam 6, due to the impact of mining, will produce mining cracks 8 in the upper adjacent coal seam 6, and the pressure relief gas will enter the first ground gas borehole 1 along the gas flow path 15 under the negative pressure of the extraction in the floral tube 10, thereby realizing gas extraction;
随着采煤工作面3开采，当采煤工作面3开采至距第2个地面瓦斯钻孔2约50m时，开始利用第2个地面瓦斯钻孔2抽采开采煤层7上方的3层上邻近煤层6中的卸压瓦斯，待第2个地面瓦斯钻孔2抽采开始且第1地面瓦斯钻孔1的瓦斯抽采结束后，开启第1地面瓦斯钻孔1，并利用钻机向孔内垂直下入1个长度0.8m、直径介于花管10外径与第2开实心套管11的止浆木塞13，止浆木塞13的最终下入位置为花管10顶端，起到隔离第2开实心套管11内腔与花管10内腔的作用，再利用割刀将第2开实心套管11在关键层5与花管10顶端之间的部分割出割口14，从而形成第1地面瓦斯钻孔1与离层空间连通的通道，再利用第1地面瓦斯钻孔1对覆岩离层区实施注浆充填，由于止浆木塞13起到了阻隔浆液进入花管的作用，浆液将沿浆液流动路径16由第2开实心套管11的割口14进入覆岩离层内，同时由于第2地面瓦斯钻孔2的第2开实心套管11的阻隔作用，避免了第2地面瓦斯钻孔2抽采的卸压瓦斯与第1地面瓦斯钻孔1离层注浆充填时的浆液的相互干扰；With the mining of the coal mining face 3, when the coal mining face 3 is mined to about 50m away from the second ground gas borehole 2, start to use the second ground gas borehole 2 to extract the upper 3 layers above the coal seam 7 For the pressure relief gas in the adjacent coal seam 6, after the second ground gas borehole 2 drainage starts and the first ground gas borehole 1 gas drainage is completed, the first ground gas borehole 1 is opened, and the drilling machine is used to drill the gas into the hole. Vertically insert a stopper 13 with a length of 0.8m and a diameter between the outer diameter of the flower tube 10 and the second open solid sleeve 11. The final insertion position of the stopper 13 is the top of the flower tube 10, and To isolate the inner cavity of the second solid sleeve 11 from the inner cavity of the flower tube 10, use a cutter to cut the part of the second solid sleeve 11 between the key layer 5 and the top end of the flower tube 10 to cut the incision 14 , so as to form the channel connecting the first ground gas borehole 1 and the separation layer space, and then use the first ground gas borehole 1 to implement grouting filling in the overlying rock separation layer area, because the slurry stopper 13 plays a role in blocking the grout from entering the flower Due to the function of the pipe, the slurry will enter the overlying rock separation layer from the cut 14 of the second solid casing 11 along the slurry flow path 16, and at the same time, due to the barrier effect of the second solid casing 11 of the second ground gas borehole 2 , avoiding the mutual interference between the depressurized gas extracted from the second surface gas borehole 2 and the grout in the first surface gas borehole 1 during separation layer grouting;
待第1地面瓦斯钻孔1的离层充填与第2个地面瓦斯钻孔2的瓦斯抽采均结束后，将第1地面瓦斯钻孔1中的止浆木塞13去除，开始利用第1地面瓦斯钻孔1对下部采空区实施注浆充填，直到第1个地面瓦斯钻孔1注浆充填结束；After the separation layer filling of the first ground gas borehole 1 and the gas drainage of the second ground gas borehole 2 are completed, the stopper 13 in the first ground gas borehole 1 is removed, and the utilization of the first ground gas borehole 1 is started. The ground gas borehole 1 performs grouting filling to the lower mined-out area until the grouting filling of the first ground gas borehole 1 is completed;
如此循环，依次完成整个采煤工作面3内所有地面瓦斯钻孔的卸压瓦斯抽采与覆岩注浆充填。In this cycle, the pressure relief gas extraction and overlying rock grouting filling of all ground gas boreholes in the entire coal mining face 3 are completed in sequence.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510636312.6ACN105298538B (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | One-hole dual-purpose method for grouting filling by using surface gas drainage drilling |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510636312.6ACN105298538B (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | One-hole dual-purpose method for grouting filling by using surface gas drainage drilling |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105298538Atrue CN105298538A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
| CN105298538B CN105298538B (en) | 2017-06-06 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510636312.6AActiveCN105298538B (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | One-hole dual-purpose method for grouting filling by using surface gas drainage drilling |
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