The normalized planting method of the bletilla striataTechnical field
The invention belongs to agricultural; Forestry; Livestock breeding; Hunt; Trapping; Halieutics field, particularly relates to the implantation methods of the bletilla striata.
Background technology
The bletilla striata, have another name called Lian Jicao, Gan Gen, give free of charge, indocalamus orchid, Zhu Lan, purple orchid, purple a species of orchid, hundred large bamboo hats with a conical crown and broad brim.
Perennial herb bulbous plant, plant height 18-60 centimetre.Mainly be distributed in China, Taiwan, Japan and Upper Myanmar.The main florescence is in spring, but according to the difference of various places weather, evening, Winter Solstice, early summer all may be bloomed.The bletilla striata has medical value and Ornamental value widely.Be mainly used in astringing to arrest bleeding, detumescence and promoting granulation.Flower has purplish red, white, blue, yellow and powder isochrome, can potted plant indoor appreciation, also can intersperse in the Hua Tai comparatively covered, flower border or one jiao, garden.The nascent pseudobulb of the bletilla striata is spheroidal, grows into and to a certain degree just forms the block pseudobulb of V-shaped.Leaf 4-6 piece, long and narrow circle or lanceolar, long 8-29 centimetre, wide 1.5-4 centimetre, tip is gradually sharp, and base portion is received narrow one-tenth sheath and embraced stem.Inflorescence tool 3-10 flower, often not branch or extremely seldom branch; Rhachis is more or less tortuous in " it " shape; Petal length of a film round shape lanceolar, long 2-2.5 centimetre, blooms and often withers and falls; Hua great, aubergine or pink; Sepal and petal are closely isometric, long and narrow circle, long 25-30 millimeter, wide 6-8 millimeter, the anxious point of tip; Petal is slightly wide compared with sepal; Lip compared with sepal and petal slightly short, the shape of falling ovum is oval, long 23-28 millimeter, white band aubergine, tool purple arteries and veins; On lip dish, mask 5 typhloscle sheets, extend the nearly top of middle sliver from base portion, are only wavy on middle sliver; Stamen column length 18-20 millimeter, column, the narrow wing of tool, slightly bow.The florescence 4-5 month.The fruit phase 7-9 month.Have mutation to spend bletilla in vain, floral white, garden-variety still has indigo plant, Huang, pink isochrome.The pollen of the bletilla striata is that bulk is not easily scattered, so neither be very favourable in pollination.The seed of the bletilla striata is superfine little, and like powder, shape does not have endosperm, only has the embryo of the ateliosis of several cellularity.The bletilla striata germinates on moistening liver moss, and moist for a long time.
Existing bletilla seed method for planting also has problems, and the growth rate of the bletilla striata is slow, and bud ratio is low, and the time of cultivating is long.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly for the problems referred to above, provides a kind of growth rate block, bud ratio high and time of cultivation the short bletilla striata normalized planting method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
The normalized planting method of the bletilla striata, comprises the following steps.
(1) selection of land and whole, cultivated land, ground of opening up wasteland all can be cultivated, but soil layer must be selected deep, and soil property is fertile, loose, draining good, be rich in the sandy loam after humic, and water condition is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and dark and damp place is planted.Less than 30 centimetres are digged before plantation.Cultivated land combines when turning over and uses sufficient base fertilizer, execute decomposed dung 1500 kilograms and composite fertilizer 50 kilograms for every mu, the thin leveling of rake, make the furrow of 1.2 meters wide, high 20 centimetres, pavement is wide 30 centimetres, surrounding holds drain ditch successfully, choosing is opened up wasteland, and ground plantation is appropriate to the occasion is first laid on earth's surface, earth burning of setting fire after airing by the branch after cutting, fallen leaves, weeds, and then bedding of turning over.
(2) propagation method, the bletilla striata is more difficult with planting seed, cuts stem tuber and breeds easier.Dug out by the bletilla striata at the beginning of 3 months, select size medium, eye is many, anosis stem tuber, and with cutter crosscut fritter, every block band 2 ~ 3 buds, wound is planted after being stained with ash.With picking trench digging, ditch is apart from 25 centimetres, and dark 10 centimetres, put one, stem tuber by spacing in the rows 7 ~ 8 centimetres, bud upwards, is filled out, and compacting is watered, and covers grass, and often keep moist, April emerges.
(3) intertill and clean tillage, bletilla striata plant is short and small, cannot keeps under control weeds, therefore will note intertill and clean tillage, generally annual 4 times.First time is after the 3-4 month emerges; Second time is when June, growth was vigorous, and because now weed growth is fast, bletilla striata seedling is short and small again, will go out weeds to the greatest extent in time, avoid farmland running to weeds; Third time is in the 8-9 month; Combine the face, crop shallow hoe railway carriage or compartment of results intercropping for 4th time, uproot weeds.Shallow hoe is all wanted in each intertillage, in order to avoid hinder bud to hinder root.
(4) field planting, by bletilla planting seedlings on whole good furrow, open cave plant by each 33 centimetres of strain bulb line-spacing, dark about 12 centimetres of cave, every dibbling 3 strain seedling, triangle disposition is put in cave, bud mouth is outside, every mu with kind of cultivation 13000 strain, plant the fire ash one that bonnet is mixed with people and animals' liquid dung, then blinding flushes with furrow face.Also can plant when February in early spring combines and gathers.
(5) topdress, bletilla striata happiness is fertile, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, should topdress 3-4 time every year.First time, after the 3-4 month neat seedling, executes ammonium sulfate 4-5 kilogram for every mu, converts the light liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed and use; Second time grow animated period in the 5-6 month, execute superphosphate 30-40 kilogram for every mu, mix fully macerate ripe after compost, spread fertilizer over the fields on face, railway carriage or compartment, intertill be mixed in soil; Every mu applied the people and animals' liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed farmyard manure 2000-2500 kilogram in the 8-9 month third time.
As a kind of preferred version, bletilla striata plant is short and small, and growth is slow, and Cultivation time is longer, can 2 years in the ranks between plant emergency crops, as radish, green vegetables etc., to make full use of soil, additional income.So-called intercropping just refers in same field within the same season of growth, the planting patterns of branch or point two or more crop of the alternate plantation of band.Such as in corn, sorghum field, can on its strain, row ridge intercropping Herba Andrographitis, woaded blue, Psoralea corylifolia, the tuber of pinellia etc.
Beneficial effect of the present invention.
What the present invention selected is that explant is bred, and the mode of process is simple, environmental protection, the not disinfection of employing toxic reagent, and to bletilla striata bud not damaged, and this processing method strengthens the survival rate of bletilla striata seedling.And accelerate the growth rate of the bletilla striata, reduce the cultivation time.
Embodiment
The normalized planting method of the bletilla striata of the present invention, comprises the following steps.
(1) selection of land and whole, cultivated land, ground of opening up wasteland all can be cultivated, but soil layer must be selected deep, and soil property is fertile, loose, draining good, be rich in the sandy loam after humic, and water condition is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and dark and damp place is planted.Less than 30 centimetres are digged before plantation.Cultivated land combines when turning over and uses sufficient base fertilizer, execute decomposed dung 1500 kilograms and composite fertilizer 50 kilograms for every mu, the thin leveling of rake, make the furrow of 1.2 meters wide, high 20 centimetres, pavement is wide 30 centimetres, surrounding holds drain ditch successfully, choosing is opened up wasteland, and ground plantation is appropriate to the occasion is first laid on earth's surface, earth burning of setting fire after airing by the branch after cutting, fallen leaves, weeds, and then bedding of turning over.
(2) propagation method, the bletilla striata is more difficult with planting seed, cuts stem tuber and breeds easier.Dug out by the bletilla striata at the beginning of 3 months, select size medium, eye is many, anosis stem tuber, and with cutter crosscut fritter, every block band 2 ~ 3 buds, wound is planted after being stained with ash.With picking trench digging, ditch is apart from 25 centimetres, and dark 10 centimetres, put one, stem tuber by spacing in the rows 7 ~ 8 centimetres, bud upwards, is filled out, and compacting is watered, and covers grass, and often keep moist, April emerges.
(3) intertill and clean tillage bletilla striata plant is short and small, cannot keeps under control weeds, therefore will note intertill and clean tillage, generally annual 4 times.First time is after the 3-4 month emerges; Second time is when June, growth was vigorous, and because now weed growth is fast, bletilla striata seedling is short and small again, will go out weeds to the greatest extent in time, avoid farmland running to weeds; Third time is in the 8-9 month; Combine the face, crop shallow hoe railway carriage or compartment of results intercropping for 4th time, uproot weeds.Shallow hoe is all wanted in each intertillage, in order to avoid hinder bud to hinder root.
(4) field planting, by bletilla planting seedlings on whole good furrow, open cave plant by each 33 centimetres of strain bulb line-spacing, dark about 12 centimetres of cave, every dibbling 3 strain seedling, triangle disposition is put in cave, bud mouth is outside, every mu with kind of cultivation 13000 strain, plant the fire ash one that bonnet is mixed with people and animals' liquid dung, then blinding flushes with furrow face.Also can plant when February in early spring combines and gathers.
(5) topdress, bletilla striata happiness is fertile, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, should topdress 3-4 time every year.First time, after the 3-4 month neat seedling, executes ammonium sulfate 4-5 kilogram for every mu, converts the light liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed and use; Second time grow animated period in the 5-6 month, execute superphosphate 30-40 kilogram for every mu, mix fully macerate ripe after compost, spread fertilizer over the fields on face, railway carriage or compartment, intertill be mixed in soil; Every mu applied the people and animals' liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed farmyard manure 2000-2500 kilogram in the 8-9 month third time.
As a kind of preferred version, bletilla striata plant is short and small, and growth is slow, and Cultivation time is longer, can 2 years in the ranks between plant emergency crops, as radish, green vegetables etc., to make full use of soil, additional income.So-called intercropping just refers in same field within the same season of growth, the planting patterns of branch or point two or more crop of the alternate plantation of band.Such as in corn, sorghum field, can on its strain, row ridge intercropping Herba Andrographitis, woaded blue, Psoralea corylifolia, the tuber of pinellia etc.