技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力系统技术领域，特别涉及一种微电网的调度控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a scheduling control method for a microgrid.
背景技术Background technique
开发新能源与可再生能源，是解决能源紧缺、环境污染问题的必然选择。微电网可以将多种分布式电源、储能、负荷按最优化方式有效管理，实现高效、可靠、经济运行，提高能源综合利用效率。因此将分布式电源构建成微电网的形式运行，将大大提高分布式发电的安全可靠性及经济效益。微电网是指由分布式电源、储能装置、能量变换装置、相关负荷和监控、保护装置汇集而成的小型发配电系统，是一个能够实现自我控制、保护和管理的自治系统，既可以与大电网并网运行，又可以孤立运行。对于大电网没有覆盖的海岛、沙漠、偏远山区，构建分布式多能互补的独立微电网，解决当地生产、生活用电问题，是既安全又高效经济的应用方式。The development of new energy and renewable energy is an inevitable choice to solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution. The microgrid can effectively manage a variety of distributed power sources, energy storage, and loads in an optimal manner to achieve efficient, reliable, and economical operation, and improve the efficiency of comprehensive energy utilization. Therefore, constructing distributed power generation as a microgrid will greatly improve the safety, reliability and economic benefits of distributed power generation. Microgrid refers to a small power generation and distribution system composed of distributed power sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion devices, related loads and monitoring and protection devices. It is an autonomous system that can realize self-control, protection and management. It can run in parallel with the large power grid, and can also run in isolation. For islands, deserts, and remote mountainous areas that are not covered by large power grids, it is a safe, efficient and economical application method to build a distributed multi-energy complementary independent micro-grid to solve the problem of local production and domestic electricity consumption.
由于可再生能源发电具有随机性、不连续性、能流密度低等特点，大规模直接并网将给微电网带来很大的冲击，影响其稳定性和电能品质，当微电网不与大电网连接，这种影响尤为明显。因此，研究合适的微电网调度控制策略，利用多种输出随机变化的可再生能源电源的互补性，与储能和燃油、燃气发电机相互配合，构建稳定可靠的微电网，是基于多种可再生能源发电的独立微电网要解决的核心关键技术问题。Due to the characteristics of randomness, discontinuity, and low energy flow density of renewable energy power generation, large-scale direct grid connection will have a great impact on the microgrid, affecting its stability and power quality. This effect is particularly pronounced for grid connections. Therefore, it is based on a variety of possible strategies to study the appropriate micro-grid scheduling control strategy, use the complementarity of various renewable energy sources with randomly changing outputs, and cooperate with energy storage and fuel oil and gas generators to build a stable and reliable micro-grid. The core key technical problems to be solved by the independent microgrid for renewable energy power generation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提出了一种微电网的调度控制方法，以增强微电网的稳定性，所采用的技术方案如下。The present invention proposes a scheduling control method for a micro-grid to enhance the stability of the micro-grid, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows.
一种微电网的调度控制方法，包括步骤：A dispatching control method for a microgrid, comprising the steps of:
进入微电网启动状态控制过程；Enter the microgrid startup state control process;
微电网启动状态控制过程全部完成后，循环监测微电网运行状态，进行状态估计，判断是否有故障发生；After the start-up state control process of the micro-grid is completed, the running state of the micro-grid is monitored cyclically, the state is estimated, and whether there is a fault occurs;
如没有故障发生，则进入微电网稳定状态控制过程，如有故障发生，则进入微电网故障状态控制过程，If no fault occurs, enter the microgrid steady state control process, if there is a fault, enter the microgrid fault state control process,
所述微电网包括通过通信网络依次连接的元件、元件监控设备和调度控制系统；所述元件包括微型电源、储能设备、配电设备和负荷，每个元件通过所述通信网络连接所述元件监控设备；所述微型电源包括一种或多种可再生能源发电设备和一种或多种常规能源发电设备；所述储能设备包括各种蓄电池或蓄电池组；所述配电设备包括变压器、配电线路、断路器、开关和刀闸；所述负荷分为重要负荷、一般负荷和可调负荷三级；所述元件监控设备包括测量和控制所述元件所需的各种传感器和智能监控终端；所述调度控制系统包括相连的采集与监控系统和调度决策系统，所述采集与监控系统通过所述通信网络连接所述智能监控终端。The microgrid includes elements connected in sequence through a communication network, element monitoring equipment, and a dispatch control system; the elements include micro power sources, energy storage equipment, power distribution equipment, and loads, and each element is connected to the elements through the communication network Monitoring equipment; the micro power supply includes one or more renewable energy generating equipment and one or more conventional energy generating equipment; the energy storage equipment includes various batteries or battery packs; the power distribution equipment includes transformers, Distribution lines, circuit breakers, switches and knife switches; the loads are divided into three levels: important loads, general loads and adjustable loads; the component monitoring equipment includes various sensors and intelligent monitoring required for measuring and controlling the components terminal; the dispatching control system includes a connected acquisition and monitoring system and a dispatching decision-making system, and the acquisition and monitoring system is connected to the intelligent monitoring terminal through the communication network.
本发明微电网的调度控制方法，对微电网的三种状态分别进行调度与控制，首先进行启动状态控制，再循环监测各元件与设备的运行状态，若没有故障发生则保持在稳定运行状态，若有故障发生，则进入故障状态控制。在稳定运行状态下，可再生能源发电设备、常规能源发电设备和储能设备相互配合、相互补充，共同满足各级负荷的要求，使微电网稳定可靠地运行下去。The dispatching control method of the microgrid of the present invention respectively dispatches and controls the three states of the microgrid, firstly performs start-up state control, recirculates and monitors the operating states of each component and equipment, and maintains a stable operating state if no fault occurs. If a fault occurs, enter the fault state control. In a stable operating state, renewable energy power generation equipment, conventional energy power generation equipment and energy storage equipment cooperate and complement each other to meet the requirements of loads at all levels, so that the microgrid can run stably and reliably.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为示例微电网系统网络拓扑图；Figure 1 is a network topology diagram of an example microgrid system;
图2为示例微电网总体调度控制流程图；Fig. 2 is an example microgrid overall scheduling control flow chart;
图3为示例微电网启动状态控制过程流程图；Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an example microgrid startup state control process;
图4为示例微电网稳定状态控制过程流程图。FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example microgrid steady-state control process.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的内容做进一步详细说明。The content of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明微电网的调度控制方法，包括步骤：The dispatching control method of the microgrid of the present invention comprises the steps of:
进入微电网启动状态控制过程；Enter the microgrid startup state control process;
微电网启动状态控制过程全部完成后，循环监测微电网运行状态，进行状态估计，判断是否有故障发生；After the start-up state control process of the micro-grid is completed, the running state of the micro-grid is monitored cyclically, the state is estimated, and whether there is a fault occurs;
如没有故障发生，则进入微电网稳定状态控制过程，如有故障发生，则进入微电网故障状态控制过程。If no fault occurs, enter the microgrid steady-state control process, and if there is a fault, enter the micro-grid fault state control process.
以上步骤所适用的微电网的结构为：包括通过通信网络依次连接的元件、元件监控设备和调度控制系统。The structure of the microgrid to which the above steps are applied is: including components connected in sequence through a communication network, component monitoring equipment and a dispatching control system.
所述微网元件包括微型电源(简称微源)、储能设备、配电设备、负荷等。所述微源包括一种或多种可再生能源发电设备(如风力发电机、太阳能电池组件)和一种或多种常规能源发电设备(如燃油发电机、燃气发电机)。所述储能设备是指各种蓄电池(组)。所述配电设备包括变压器、配电线路、断路器、开关、刀闸等。所述负荷分成重要负荷、一般负荷、可调负荷三级。所述重要负荷是指微电网必须保障的最低负荷，如军事、政府用电；所述一般负荷是指微电网正常运行时应保障的负荷，如居民、商业用电；可调负荷是指微电网在可再生能源过剩时可以启用的负荷，如制冰蓄冷装置、热泵、海水淡化装置等。The micro-grid components include micro-power sources (referred to as micro-sources), energy storage equipment, power distribution equipment, loads, and the like. The micro-source includes one or more renewable energy generating devices (such as wind power generators, solar cell components) and one or more conventional energy generating devices (such as fuel generators, gas generators). The energy storage equipment refers to various storage batteries (groups). The power distribution equipment includes transformers, power distribution lines, circuit breakers, switches, knife switches and the like. The load is divided into three levels: important load, general load and adjustable load. The important load refers to the minimum load that must be guaranteed by the micro-grid, such as military and government power; the general load refers to the load that should be guaranteed during the normal operation of the micro-grid, such as residential and commercial power; adjustable load refers to the micro-grid. Loads that can be activated by the power grid when renewable energy is in excess, such as ice-making and cold storage devices, heat pumps, seawater desalination devices, etc.
所述监控设备是指监控元件运行状态及环境的智能监控终端，也包括测量和控制所需的各种传感器，所述智能监控终端如光伏逆变器、风机并网控制器、电池管理系统、电能表、配变监测终端、负荷管理终端、配电监控终端、环境监测仪等。The monitoring equipment refers to an intelligent monitoring terminal that monitors the operating status and environment of components, and also includes various sensors required for measurement and control. The intelligent monitoring terminal is such as photovoltaic inverters, wind turbine grid-connected controllers, battery management systems, Energy meters, distribution transformer monitoring terminals, load management terminals, power distribution monitoring terminals, environmental monitors, etc.
所述通信网络包括有线通信网络和无线通信网络，有线通信网络为双绞线或同轴电缆，无线通信网络为数传电台、微波、移动通信(GSM/GPRS、3G/4G)中的任一种。The communication network includes a wired communication network and a wireless communication network, the wired communication network is twisted pair or coaxial cable, and the wireless communication network is any one of digital radio, microwave, mobile communication (GSM/GPRS, 3G/4G) .
所述调度控制系统是整个微电网的核心，是基于调配一体化技术设计的，包括数据采集与监控系统(SCADA)、调度决策系统。所述SCADA系统与监控设备通信，实时采集所有微网元件运行状态及环境监测数据，经过分析处理后存入实时数据库和历史数据库，以供调度决策所用。所述调度决策系统是利用SCADA系统采集存储的实时数据和历史数据进行在线或离线的处理、分析和计算，按照微电网调度控制策略，形成最终的调度指令，并通过SCADA系统下发给微网监控器，控制微网元件的运行方式。它包括实时网络状态分析、预想事故分析、可再生能源发电预测、储能预测、负荷预测、配变监测、负荷管理等功能。The dispatch control system is the core of the entire microgrid, and is designed based on deployment integration technology, including a data acquisition and monitoring system (SCADA) and a dispatch decision system. The SCADA system communicates with the monitoring equipment, collects the operating status of all micro-grid components and environmental monitoring data in real time, and stores them in the real-time database and historical database after analysis and processing for use in scheduling decisions. The dispatching decision-making system uses the real-time data and historical data collected and stored by the SCADA system for online or offline processing, analysis and calculation, forms the final dispatching instruction according to the microgrid dispatching control strategy, and sends it to the microgrid through the SCADA system Monitor, which controls the operation mode of microgrid components. It includes functions such as real-time network status analysis, predicted accident analysis, renewable energy power generation forecast, energy storage forecast, load forecast, distribution transformer monitoring, and load management.
所述微电网调度控制策略是以系统供电可靠性最高、经济性最优、能量储存分布最优为能量调度目标，通过控制各微源及负荷的投切，调节各微源的输送功率，实现各微源接口处电压和频率的调节，保证微电网安全、可靠、经济运行。The micro-grid scheduling control strategy is based on the highest system power supply reliability, the best economy, and the best energy storage distribution as the energy scheduling goals. By controlling the switching of each micro-source and load, the transmission power of each micro-source is adjusted to achieve The adjustment of voltage and frequency at each micro-source interface ensures the safe, reliable and economical operation of the micro-grid.
所述微电网运行分为微电网启动、微电网稳定运行、微电网故障等三个状态。The operation of the microgrid is divided into three states: microgrid startup, microgrid stable operation, and microgrid failure.
如图1所示，示例微电网包括1个50kW屋顶光伏发电系统、1个1000kW地面光伏电站、1个50kW风力发电场、1个1000kW柴油发电机组、1个500kVA双向变流器组、5个500kWh蓄电池组、4台0.4/10kV变压器、4个负荷区。其中，50kW屋顶光伏发电系统由5个10kW光伏发电单元组成，1000kW地面光伏电站由4个250kW光伏发电单元，50kW风力发电场由5台10kW风力发电单元组成，1000kW柴油发电机组由3台功率分别为500kW、250kW、250kW的柴油发电机组成，500kVA双向变流器组由2台250kVA的双向变流器组成。每个变压器均配置1台配变监测终端，每个负荷区均配置1台负荷管理终端。As shown in Figure 1, the example microgrid includes a 50kW rooftop photovoltaic power generation system, a 1000kW ground photovoltaic power station, a 50kW wind farm, a 1000kW diesel generator set, a 500kVA bidirectional converter group, and five 500kWh battery pack, 4 sets of 0.4/10kV transformers, 4 load areas. Among them, the 50kW rooftop photovoltaic power generation system is composed of five 10kW photovoltaic power generation units, the 1000kW ground photovoltaic power station is composed of four 250kW photovoltaic power generation units, the 50kW wind farm is composed of five 10kW wind power generation units, and the 1000kW diesel generator set is composed of three power generation units. It is composed of 500kW, 250kW, and 250kW diesel generators, and the 500kVA bidirectional converter group is composed of two 250kVA bidirectional converters. Each transformer is equipped with a distribution transformer monitoring terminal, and each load area is equipped with a load management terminal.
如图2所示，示例微电网总体调度控制流程为：系统首先进入启动状态控制过程，待启动过程全部完成后，系统循环监测微电网运行状态，进行状态估计，看是否有故障发生，如没有故障发生，则进入微电网稳定状态控制过程，如有故障发生，则进入微电网故障状态控制过程。As shown in Figure 2, the overall scheduling control process of the example microgrid is as follows: the system first enters the start-up state control process, and after the start-up process is completed, the system cyclically monitors the operating state of the microgrid and performs state estimation to see if there is a fault. If a fault occurs, it enters the microgrid steady-state control process, and if a fault occurs, it enters the micro-grid fault state control process.
如图3所示，示例微电网启动状态控制过程如下：As shown in Figure 3, the start-up state control process of the example microgrid is as follows:
启动调度控制系统，系统自检；Start dispatching control system, system self-inspection;
从PCC开关开始依次对所有进线及馈线开关的状态确认，均应处于分断状态；Starting from the PCC switch, confirm the status of all incoming and feeder switches in turn, and they should all be in the disconnected state;
确认储能设备处于放电允许模式设置，确认储能设备具有足够的功率输出能力；Confirm that the energy storage device is in the discharge allowable mode setting, and confirm that the energy storage device has sufficient power output capability;
启动第一台双向变流器，使之工作于于V-F运行模式，将储能设备2-3并入母线，其功率值记为P储1。Start the first bidirectional converter, make it work in the VF operation mode, integrate the energy storage device 2-3 into the bus, and record its power value as Pstorage 1 .
投入负荷区1(重要负荷)负荷，其功率值记为P荷1。Input the load in load area 1 (important load), and its power value is recorded as Pload 1 .
启动第二台双向变流器，使之工作于于P-Q运行模式，将储能设备4-5并入母线，其功率值记为P储2；Start the second bidirectional converter, make it work in the PQ operation mode, merge the energy storage device 4-5 into the bus, and record its power value as Pstorage 2 ;
待第二台双向变流器并网后，投入负荷区2(一般负荷)，其功率值记为P荷2，逐步调节变流器输出功率至最大值；After the second bidirectional converter is connected to the grid, put it into load area 2 (general load), and its power value is recorded as Pload2 , and gradually adjust the output power of the converter to the maximum value;
逐台投入光伏逆变器，直至全部光伏并网运行，其功率值记为P光；Put in photovoltaic inverters one by one until all photovoltaics are connected to the grid, and its power value is recorded as Plight ;
逐台投入风力发电机，直至全部风机并网运行，其功率值记为P风；Put in wind turbines one by one until all wind turbines are connected to the grid, and their power value is recorded as Pwind ;
根据储能设备的输出加载能力投入负荷区3、4(一般负荷)其功率值记为P荷3；According to the output loading capacity of the energy storage device, the power value of the input load zone 3 and 4 (general load) is denoted as Pload 3 ;
储能设备1并网运行；The energy storage device 1 is connected to the grid;
系统进入微电网稳定运行状态。The system enters the stable operation state of the microgrid.
如图4，示例微电网稳定状态控制过程如下：As shown in Figure 4, the example microgrid steady-state control process is as follows:
在微电网孤网稳定运行状态下，微电网调度控制系统循环监测微网各设备的运行状态，根据系统的功率平衡关系调度各微源的输出功率和各负荷区负荷，调度过程如下：In the stable operation state of the microgrid isolated network, the microgrid dispatch control system cyclically monitors the operating status of each device in the microgrid, and dispatches the output power of each microsource and the load of each load area according to the power balance relationship of the system. The dispatching process is as follows:
计算所有光伏发电和风力发电的功率之和：P光+P风，记为P再；Calculate the sum of the power of all photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation: Plight + Pwind, denoted as Pre ;
当可再生能源发电输出功率大于微网必须保障的负荷(包括重要负荷和一般负荷)功率,即P再>P荷1+P荷2+P荷3,此时柴油机组如有投入则先切除之，然后为了实现可再生能源最大化利用，优先给储能设备充电，若还有剩余则启动可调负荷；When the output power of renewable energy generation is greater than the power of the load (including important loads and general loads) that must be guaranteed by the microgrid, thatis , P > Pload 1 + Pload 2 + Pload 3 , at this time, the diesel generator set will be disconnected first if it is put into use. Then, in order to maximize the utilization of renewable energy, the energy storage device is given priority to charging, and if there is any surplus, the adjustable load is activated;
当P再<P荷1+P荷2+P荷3,此时可调负荷如已投入则先切除之，然后检查储能设备是否具有足够的输电能力，若还有则继续运行，若没有则为了保障正常供电，需要根据功率缺额的大小，选择投入的柴油机组组合；When P<Pcharge 1 +Pcharge 2 +Pcharge 3 , if the adjustable load has been put into use, cut it off first, andthen check whether the energy storage device has sufficient power transmission capacity, if there is, continue to run, if not In order to ensure the normal power supply, it is necessary to select the combination of diesel generators according to the size of the power gap;
如上可以实现微网功率动态平衡，但太阳能和风能都是随机性很大的资源，如果单纯按照上述逻辑进行调度，将可能造成柴油机组、可调负荷频繁投切，因此应采取必要的方法进行平滑处理，具体如下：As mentioned above, the dynamic balance of micro-grid power can be realized, but solar energy and wind energy are resources with great randomness. If the scheduling is simply carried out according to the above logic, it may cause frequent switching of diesel generator sets and adjustable loads. Therefore, necessary methods should be adopted. Smoothing, as follows:
一是设定功率差额阈值，记为P阀，则上述关系式变为P再－(P荷1+P荷2+P荷3)>P阀或P再－(P荷1+P荷2+P荷3)<P阀；One is to set the power difference threshold, which is recorded as Pvalve , then the above relation becomes Pre- (Pcharge 1 +Pcharge 2 +Pcharge3 )>Pvalve or Pre- (Pcharge 1 +Pcharge 2 +Pcharge 3 )<Pvalve ;
二是设定平滑时间，平滑时间有两个，一个是满足功率差额关系式平滑时间(记为T1)，一个是柴油机组或可调负荷投切平滑时间(记为T2)。只有当功率差额关系式持续满足时间超过T1才认为关系式满足。柴油机组或可调负荷投切时间小于T2时不进行反向操作；The second is to set the smoothing time. There are two smoothing times, one is the smoothing time to satisfy the power difference relation (denoted as T1 ), and the other is the smoothing time of diesel generator set or adjustable load switching (denoted as T2 ). Only when the power balance relational expression continues to be satisfied for more than T1 is it considered that the relational expression is satisfied. Reverse operation will not be performed when the diesel unit or the adjustable load switching time is less than T2 ;
三是应用负荷预测和可再生能源发电预测的方法，实现微源及负荷的预先调度。The third is to apply load forecasting and renewable energy generation forecasting methods to realize pre-scheduling of micro-sources and loads.
当微电网调度控制系统检查到微网发生故障时，系统根据故障类型(一般故障、重要故障、严重故障)发出不同类型的告警(一般告警、重要告警、严重告警)，直至停止微网运行。When the microgrid dispatch control system detects a fault in the microgrid, the system sends out different types of alarms (general alarm, important alarm, and serious alarm) according to the type of fault (general fault, important fault, and serious fault) until the microgrid stops running.
对于一般故障，系统发出一般告警，通知运维人员予以恢复即可；For general faults, the system issues a general alarm and notifies the operation and maintenance personnel to recover;
对于重要告警，系统发出重要告警，通知运维人员予以恢复。同时对相关设备予以封锁，不再允许对其进行操作，知道恢复后予以解锁；For important alarms, the system sends out important alarms and notifies the operation and maintenance personnel to restore them. At the same time, the relevant equipment is blocked, no operation is allowed on it, and it will be unlocked after recovery;
对于严重故障，此类故障一般威胁微网的安全运行，系统除即时发出严重告警，通知运维人员予以恢复外，还应立即切除相关线路，如果不是重要负荷区的故障，仅保障重要负荷区的供电。For serious faults, such faults generally threaten the safe operation of the microgrid. In addition to immediately issuing a serious alarm and notifying the operation and maintenance personnel to restore it, the system should immediately cut off the relevant lines. If it is not a fault in an important load area, only the important load area is guaranteed. power supply.
作为一种应急手段，进入孤网模式时，如果储能设备没有足够的电能以支撑重要负荷，此时可以将备用电源燃油发电机设定为V/f模式，建立微电网参考电压和频率。以后的控制与并网模式下的控制相似，所不同的是此时只保证重要负荷供电，并给蓄电池充电，不启动一般负荷和可调负荷。As an emergency measure, when entering the isolated grid mode, if the energy storage device does not have enough electric energy to support the important load, at this time, the backup power fuel generator can be set to V/f mode to establish the reference voltage and frequency of the microgrid. The subsequent control is similar to the control in the grid-connected mode, the difference is that at this time only important loads are guaranteed to be powered and the battery is charged, and general loads and adjustable loads are not started.
综上，在本调度控制方法下，微电网可以稳定可靠的运行，百千瓦级及以上规模的多能互补的独立微电网尤其适用本调度控制方法。In summary, under this dispatch control method, the microgrid can operate stably and reliably, and the multi-energy complementary independent microgrid with a scale of 100 kilowatts or above is especially suitable for this dispatch control method.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的一种典型的实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiment only expresses a typical implementation of the present invention, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510802335.XACN105262136B (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | The dispatch control method of micro-capacitance sensor |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510802335.XACN105262136B (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | The dispatch control method of micro-capacitance sensor |
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| CN105262136Atrue CN105262136A (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| CN105262136B CN105262136B (en) | 2018-07-17 |
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| CN201510802335.XAActiveCN105262136B (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | The dispatch control method of micro-capacitance sensor |
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