技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电网技术领域，具体涉及一种适用于光储微电网的黑启动系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of power grids, in particular to a black start system and method suitable for optical storage micro-grids.
背景技术Background technique
近些年来，随着经济的快速发展，能源的需求急剧增加，而分布式发电(DistributedGeneration，DG)技术以其能源利用率高，污染小等特点受到了广泛的关注，微电网作为其技术支持也受到同样的关注。微电网系统将分布式电源、负荷、储能装置以及控制系统结合在一起，形成一个小型的电力系统。微电网将分布式电源与本地负荷组成一个整体，通过控制策略降低了分布式电源并网对大电网的影响。微电网和大电网可以互为支撑，同时微电网的灵活性使其既能够联网运行又可以孤岛运行，保证了供电可靠性。In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, the demand for energy has increased sharply, and distributed generation (Distributed Generation, DG) technology has received extensive attention due to its high energy utilization rate and low pollution. Microgrid is its technical support also received the same attention. The microgrid system combines distributed power sources, loads, energy storage devices and control systems to form a small power system. The microgrid integrates distributed power and local loads as a whole, and reduces the impact of distributed power grid connection on the large power grid through control strategies. The micro-grid and the large power grid can support each other, and the flexibility of the micro-grid enables it to operate both on the Internet and in islands, ensuring the reliability of power supply.
然而微电网系统不可避免因某些事故进入断电停运状态，这将造成重要负荷断电并引起经济损失，因此微电网系统必须具有孤岛状态下的黑启动能力。微电网的黑启动是指在微电网因故障停运进入孤岛状态后，先启动系统中具有自启动能力的储能单元作为主电源，再带动无启动能力的微电源，逐步扩大系统的恢复范围，最终实现整个系统的恢复。黑启动是微电网系统安全稳定运行的最后一道防线。However, the microgrid system will inevitably enter the state of power outage due to some accidents, which will cause power outage of important loads and cause economic losses. Therefore, the microgrid system must have the black start capability in the island state. The black start of the microgrid refers to that after the microgrid enters the island state due to failure, the energy storage unit with self-starting capability in the system is first started as the main power supply, and then the micropower supply without startup capability is driven to gradually expand the recovery range of the system. , and ultimately restore the entire system. Black start is the last line of defense for the safe and stable operation of the microgrid system.
经对现有技术文献的检索发现，(一种风光水互补型微电网黑启动控制方法，中国专利号：201410201098.7)提出了一种适用于风光水互补型微电网黑启动控制方法，该方法通过采集微电网基础数据，根据这些参数选出备选微电网黑启动方案，然后在对备选方案逐一仿真计算，在此基础上生成可行方案。然而黑启动电源仍然采用传统的柴油机组，对不含有柴油机组的光储微电网并不适用。而且上述专利需要具备强大的数据处理能力，对中央控制器的要求也比较高，这对于小型的微电网系统并不适用。After searching the existing technical literature, it was found that (a black-start control method for wind-solar-hydro hybrid microgrid, Chinese Patent No.: 201410201098.7) proposed a black-start control method suitable for wind-solar-hydro hybrid microgrid. Collect the basic data of the microgrid, select the alternative microgrid black start scheme according to these parameters, and then simulate and calculate the alternative schemes one by one, and generate a feasible scheme on this basis. However, the black start power still uses the traditional diesel unit, which is not suitable for the solar storage microgrid without diesel unit. Moreover, the above-mentioned patents require powerful data processing capabilities and relatively high requirements on the central controller, which is not suitable for small microgrid systems.
本黑启动系统由微电网中央控制器、储能控制器、光伏控制器和负荷控制器等控制器以及监测装置、通信网络组成。本黑启动方法利用储能装置作为黑启动主电源，建立稳定电压和频率之后，逐步投入负荷以及光伏发电系统，适用于具有光伏发电系统和多种储能装置的用户侧微电网系统,为我国的微电网推广应用提供低成本高效率的黑启动解决方案。The black start system is composed of microgrid central controller, energy storage controller, photovoltaic controller and load controller, as well as monitoring devices and communication network. This black start method uses the energy storage device as the main power source of the black start. After the stable voltage and frequency are established, the load and the photovoltaic power generation system are gradually put into operation. It is suitable for user-side micro-grid systems with photovoltaic power generation systems and various energy storage devices. The promotion and application of microgrids provide low-cost and high-efficiency black start solutions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对用户侧微电网，提供一种适用于光储微电网的黑启动系统及方法，本发明提出了适用于用户侧光储微电网的黑启动系统和基于串行恢复的黑启动方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a black start system and method applicable to the optical storage microgrid for the user side microgrid. start method.
本发明通过如下技术方案实现。The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions.
一种适用于光储微电网的黑启动系统，包括控制层、监测层和通讯层，控制层由微电网中央控制器MGCC(MicrogridControlCentersystem)和下层控制器组成，下层控制器包括负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器；监测层由监测装置即电流互感器、电压互感器以及功率计组成；下层控制器与监测层连接，下层控制器与微电网中央控制器之间通过通讯层通信，通讯层由通信端口和通信网络组成。A black start system suitable for photovoltaic storage microgrids, including a control layer, a monitoring layer and a communication layer. The control layer is composed of a microgrid central controller MGCC (Microgrid Control Centersystem) and a lower-layer controller. The lower-layer controller includes a load controller, a photovoltaic Controller and energy storage controller; the monitoring layer is composed of monitoring devices, namely current transformers, voltage transformers and power meters; the lower controller is connected to the monitoring layer, and the lower controller communicates with the central controller of the microgrid through the communication layer. The communication layer consists of communication ports and communication networks.
进一步地，光储微电网的负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置各自的监测装置与相应的下层控制器连接，将光储微电网的负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置的电气量信息先传输给下层控制器，再通过下层控制器经通讯层向MGCC传输负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置的实时电气量信息；MGCC与光储微电网的并/离网控制开关通过通信总线连接，以控制光储微电网处于并网运行状态或者离网运行状态。Further, the respective monitoring devices of the load of the photovoltaic storage microgrid, the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage device are connected to the corresponding lower-level controllers, and the electrical quantity information of the load of the photovoltaic storage microgrid, the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage device is first transmitted to the lower-level controller, and then transmit the real-time electrical quantity information of the load, photovoltaic power generation system and energy storage device to the MGCC through the lower-level controller through the communication layer; Control the optical-storage microgrid to be in the grid-connected operation state or the off-grid operation state.
进一步地，MGCC与负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器通过通信总线进行连接；负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器通过通信总线上传负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置的电气信息给MGCC；MGCC通过通信总线向下层控制器下达相应指令，以控制负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置的运行状态。Furthermore, the MGCC is connected with the load controller, photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller through the communication bus; the load controller, photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller upload the electrical The information is sent to MGCC; MGCC issues corresponding instructions to the lower controller through the communication bus to control the operating status of loads, photovoltaic power generation systems and energy storage devices.
进一步地，负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器分别与负荷开关、光伏发电系统开关和储能装置开关连接，以控制相应开关的开合状态；光伏控制器和储能控制器还分别与光伏发电系统逆变器和储能装置逆变器相连接，以控制微电源的输出功率。Further, the load controller, the photovoltaic controller and the energy storage controller are respectively connected with the load switch, the photovoltaic power generation system switch and the energy storage device switch to control the opening and closing states of the corresponding switches; the photovoltaic controller and the energy storage controller are also respectively It is connected with the inverter of the photovoltaic power generation system and the inverter of the energy storage device to control the output power of the micro power supply.
利用所述黑启动系统的光储微电网黑启动方法，包括如下步骤：The black start method of the optical storage microgrid utilizing the black start system comprises the following steps:
(1)MGCC向负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器发出切断信号，所有与负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器连接的开关断开，MGCC检查光储微电网是否满足黑启动条件；(1) The MGCC sends a cut-off signal to the load controller, photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller, all switches connected to the load controller, photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller are disconnected, and the MGCC checks whether the photovoltaic storage microgrid meets the black start condition;
(2)MGCC择优选择多台储能装置中的一台作为黑启动主电源，并以V/f控制模式即恒电压V和恒频率f控制模式启动主电源，其余储能装置则采用PQ控制模式即恒有功功率和恒无功功率控制模式，除主电源外的微电源保持待机状态；(2) MGCC selects one of multiple energy storage devices as the main power supply for black start, and starts the main power supply in the V/f control mode, that is, the constant voltage V and constant frequency f control mode, and the other energy storage devices adopt PQ control The mode is the constant active power and constant reactive power control mode, and the micro power supply except the main power supply remains in the standby state;
(3)MGCC按照额定容量从高到低的顺序判断负荷是否满足投入条件，若满足，则向储能控制器发送功率调整指令，调节所述其余储能装置的出力后，向负荷控制器发送负荷投入指令，负荷开关闭合，投入满足条件的负荷；(3) The MGCC judges whether the load meets the input conditions according to the order of the rated capacity from high to low, and if so, sends a power adjustment command to the energy storage controller, adjusts the output of the remaining energy storage devices, and then sends a power adjustment command to the load controller Load input command, the load switch is closed, and the load that meets the conditions is input;
(4)MGCC按照额定容量从高到低的顺序判断光伏发电系统是否满足投入条件，若满足，则向储能控制器发送功率调整的指令，调节所述其余储能装置出力后，向光伏控制器发送光伏发电系统投入指令，连接光伏发电系统的开关闭合，投入满足条件的光伏发电系统；MGCC优先选择投入MPPT(MaximumPowerPointTracking，最大功率点跟踪)类光伏发电系统，其次是PQ类光伏发电系统；(4) MGCC judges whether the photovoltaic power generation system meets the input conditions according to the order of rated capacity from high to low. The inverter sends a photovoltaic power generation system input command, the switch connected to the photovoltaic power generation system is closed, and the photovoltaic power generation system that meets the conditions is put into operation; MGCC chooses to invest in MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking, maximum power point tracking) type photovoltaic power generation system first, followed by PQ type photovoltaic power generation system;
(5)MGCC判断系统是否还有满足投入条件的负荷或者光伏发电系统，若有，回到步骤(3)，若无，MGCC退出黑启动控制流程，进入离网运行控制。(5) MGCC judges whether the system still has loads or photovoltaic power generation systems that meet the input conditions. If so, return to step (3). If not, MGCC exits the black start control process and enters off-grid operation control.
进一步地，步骤(1)所述黑启动条件包括如下所有条件：Further, the black start condition described in step (1) includes all the following conditions:
(a)并/离网控制开关断开；(a) On/off grid control switch is off;
(b)切除光储微电网内的所有负荷和电源；(b) Cut off all loads and power sources in the photovoltaic storage microgrid;
(c)光储微电网内电压和频率为0；(c) The voltage and frequency in the optical storage microgrid are 0;
(d)具有储能装置且备用容量充足；(d) have energy storage devices and sufficient reserve capacity;
(e)具有黑启动能力的储能装置能够正常工作。(e) The energy storage device with black start capability can work normally.
进一步地，步骤(1)所述黑启动条件包括如下所有条件：Further, the black start condition described in step (1) includes all the following conditions:
(a)具备储能功能；(a) have energy storage function;
(b)具有调压调频能力，以保证微电网在离网情况下母线电压及频率保持稳定；(b) It has the ability to adjust voltage and frequency to ensure that the bus voltage and frequency of the microgrid remain stable when it is off-grid;
(c)具备足够备用容量；(c) have sufficient spare capacity;
(d)具备充足发电容量；(d) have sufficient power generation capacity;
针对光储微电网，择优选择具备V/f控制功能、额定充放电功率大、能量状态满足条件的储能装置担任组网主电源。For the optical storage microgrid, the energy storage device with V/f control function, high rated charging and discharging power, and energy state meeting the conditions is selected as the main power supply of the network.
进一步地，步骤(3)所述判断负荷满足投入条件的依据是：Further, the basis for judging that the load meets the input conditions in step (3) is:
KLj·PLj+Pnet≤∑PBat,maxKLj ·PLj +Pnet ≤∑PBat,max
PLj表示将要投入负荷j的功率，Pnet表示系统净功率，净功率的定义为负荷总有功功率与光伏发电系统总有功功率的差值，KLj是负荷j投入时候的冲击系数，PBat,max表示各储能装置的最大输出功率。PLj represents the power to be input to load j, Pnet represents the net power of the system, the net power is defined as the difference between the total active power of the load and the total active power of the photovoltaic power generation system, KLj is the impact coefficient when load j is input, and PBat ,max represents the maximum output power of each energy storage device.
进一步地，步骤(4)所述判断光伏发电系统满足投入条件的依据是：Further, the basis for judging that the photovoltaic power generation system meets the input conditions in step (4) is:
Ppv,mppt+∑PBat,min≤∑PLPpv, mppt +∑PBat,min ≤∑PL
Ppv,mppt表示以MPPT控制的光伏发电系统输出功率，PBat,min表示各类储能装置的最小输出功率，PL表示已投入负荷的总功率。Ppv,mppt represents the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system controlled by MPPT, PBat,min represents the minimum output power of various energy storage devices, and PL represents the total power that has been put into the load.
进一步地，黑启动主电源在微电网黑启动整个过程中始终运行在V/f控制方式下，为整个微电网提供稳定的电压和频率；有黑启动能力的其他微电源在与主电源并联运行时采用PQ控制方式，以扩大系统容量；没有黑启动能力的微电源：以PQ控制方式启动，并联至微电网。Furthermore, the black start main power supply always runs under the V/f control mode during the whole process of the black start of the microgrid, providing stable voltage and frequency for the entire microgrid; other micropower supplies with black start capabilities are running in parallel with the main power supply When using PQ control mode to expand the system capacity; micro power supply without black start capability: start with PQ control mode and connect to the micro grid in parallel.
进一步优化实施地，在本发明的黑启动方法中，MGCC选择微电网系统中一台储能装置以V/f控制方式自启动。待微电网建立稳定电压和频率后，MGCC检查负荷投入条件，向储能控制器发送功率调整信号以调整PQ可调储能装置的输出功率后，MGCC向负荷控制器发送负荷投入信号，再投入负荷，最后MGCC检查光伏发电系统投入条件，向储能控制器发送信号以调整PQ可调储能装置的输出功率，MGCC向相应的光伏控制器发送光伏系统投入信号，再投入光伏发电系统。所有微电源和负荷投入后，微电网的黑启动流程结束。具体流程是：For further optimized implementation, in the black start method of the present invention, the MGCC selects an energy storage device in the microgrid system to self-start in a V/f control mode. After the stable voltage and frequency of the microgrid are established, the MGCC checks the load input conditions, sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller to adjust the output power of the PQ adjustable energy storage device, and then sends a load input signal to the load controller, and then puts Load, and finally MGCC checks the input conditions of the photovoltaic power generation system, sends a signal to the energy storage controller to adjust the output power of the PQ adjustable energy storage device, and MGCC sends a photovoltaic system input signal to the corresponding photovoltaic controller, and then puts into the photovoltaic power generation system. After all the micro power sources and loads are put into operation, the black start process of the micro grid ends. The specific process is:
(1)MGCC选择微电网其中一台储能装置以V/f控制方式自启动，采用V/f控制进行启动，其他微源处于待机状态；(1) MGCC selects one of the energy storage devices in the microgrid to self-start in the V/f control mode, and uses V/f control to start, and the other micro-sources are in the standby state;
(2)MGCC根据采集到的交流母线电压和频率信息，判断微电网系统的电压和频率是否稳定：(2) MGCC judges whether the voltage and frequency of the microgrid system are stable according to the collected AC bus voltage and frequency information:
其中f是微电网母线的实际频率，fnmax是微电网规定频率的上限值，fnmin是微电网规定频率的下限值。U是微电网母线的实际电压，Unmax是微电网规定电压的上限值，Unmin是微电网规定电压的下限值。若频率和电压在以上范围内，则为稳定。Where f is the actual frequency of the microgrid bus,fnmax is the upper limit of the microgrid's specified frequency, andfnmin is the lower limit of the microgrid's specified frequency. U is the actual voltage of the busbar of the microgrid, Unmax is the upper limit of the specified voltage of the microgrid, and Unmin is the lower limit of the specified voltage of the microgrid. If the frequency and voltage are within the above range, it is stable.
(3)MGCC判断电压和频率为稳定后，继而检查负荷投入的条件：(3) After the MGCC judges that the voltage and frequency are stable, it then checks the conditions for load input:
KLj·PLj+Pnet≤∑PBat,maxKLj ·PLj +Pnet ≤∑PBat,max
PLj表示将要投入负荷j的功率，Pnet表示系统净功率，净功率的定义为负荷总有功功率与光伏发电系统总有功功率的差值，KLj是负荷j投入时候的冲击系数，PBat,max表示各类储能装置的最大输出功率。若条件满足，则进行步骤(4)。PLj represents the power to be input to load j, Pnet represents the net power of the system, the net power is defined as the difference between the total active power of the load and the total active power of the photovoltaic power generation system, KLj is the impact coefficient when load j is input, and PBat ,max represents the maximum output power of various energy storage devices. If the condition is met, go to step (4).
(4)MGCC向PQ可调储能装置侧的储能控制器发送功率调节信号，在调节PQ可调储能装置的有功功率之后，MGCC向负荷控制器发送负荷投入信号，负荷开关闭合，负荷投入；(4) The MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller on the side of the PQ adjustable energy storage device. After adjusting the active power of the PQ adjustable energy storage device, the MGCC sends a load input signal to the load controller, the load switch is closed, and the load input;
(5)MGCC根据采集到的电气量信息，判断MPPT类光伏发电系统的投入条件：(5) MGCC judges the input conditions of the MPPT photovoltaic power generation system according to the collected electrical quantity information:
Ppv,mppt+∑PBat,min≤∑PLPpv, mppt +∑PBat,min ≤∑PL
Ppv,mppt表示以MPPT控制的光伏发电系统输出功率，PBat,min表示各类储能装置的最小输出功率，PL表示已投入负荷的总功率。若条件满足，则进行步骤(6)。Ppv,mppt represents the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system controlled by MPPT, PBat,min represents the minimum output power of various energy storage devices, and PL represents the total power that has been put into the load. If the condition is met, go to step (6).
(6)MGCC向PQ可调储能装置侧的储能控制器发送功率调节信号，在PQ可调储能装置完成功率调节之后，MGCC向MPPT类光伏发电系统侧的光伏控制器发送光伏系统投入信号，光伏开关闭合，MPPT类光伏发电系统投入；(6) MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller on the side of the PQ adjustable energy storage device. After the power adjustment of the PQ adjustable energy storage device is completed, the MGCC sends the photovoltaic system input to the photovoltaic controller on the side of the MPPT photovoltaic power generation system. signal, the photovoltaic switch is closed, and the MPPT photovoltaic power generation system is put into operation;
(7)MGCC根据采集到的电气量信息，检验PQ类光伏发电系统的投入条件：(7) MGCC checks the input conditions of the PQ type photovoltaic power generation system according to the collected electrical quantity information:
Ppv,mppt+Ppv,pq+∑PBat,min≤∑PLPpv,mppt +Ppv,pq +∑PBat,min ≤∑PL
其中，Ppv,pq表示PQ控制的光伏发电系统输出功率。若条件满足，则进行步骤(8)。Among them, Ppv,pq represents the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system controlled by PQ. If the condition is met, go to step (8).
(8)MGCC向PQ可调储能装置侧的储能控制器发送功率调节信号，在PQ可调储能装置完成功率调节之后，MGCC向PQ类光伏发电系统侧的光伏控制器发送光伏系统投入信号，光伏开关闭合，PQ类光伏发电系统投入；(8) MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller on the side of the PQ adjustable energy storage device. After the power adjustment of the PQ adjustable energy storage device is completed, the MGCC sends the photovoltaic system input to the photovoltaic controller on the side of the PQ photovoltaic power generation system. signal, the photovoltaic switch is closed, and the PQ type photovoltaic power generation system is put into operation;
(9)MGCC检验微电网中是否仍有未投入的负荷以及微电源，如果有则返回步骤(3)，如果无则进入步骤(10)；(9) MGCC checks whether there are still uncommitted loads and micro power sources in the microgrid, if so, return to step (3), if not, then enter step (10);
(10)MGCC结束黑启动流程，退出黑启动控制模式，进入离网运行控制模式。(10) The MGCC ends the black start process, exits the black start control mode, and enters the off-grid operation control mode.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和技术效果：本发明使用储能作为黑启动主电源，与常见的使用柴油发电机作为黑启动主电源相异，储能作为黑启动主电源，响应快速，运行稳定，绿色环保；本发明所述的黑启动方法充分注重光伏发电系统的利用，增强了电源的备用率，提高了系统的稳定性；整个黑启动算法清晰简洁，不需要大数据处理，对控制器要求相对较低，低成本高效率，有利于微电网的推广。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: the present invention uses energy storage as the main power supply for black start, which is different from the common use of diesel generators as the main power supply for black start. Energy storage is used as the main power supply for black start. Fast response, stable operation, and environmental protection; the black start method of the present invention fully pays attention to the utilization of the photovoltaic power generation system, enhances the backup rate of the power supply, and improves the stability of the system; the entire black start algorithm is clear and concise, and does not require large data Processing, relatively low requirements on the controller, low cost and high efficiency, is conducive to the promotion of microgrid.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是光储微电网离网黑启动方法的主流程图。Fig. 1 is the main flow chart of the off-grid black start method of the optical storage microgrid.
图2a是光储微电网黑启动仿真的电路拓扑图。Fig. 2a is the circuit topology diagram of the black start simulation of the optical storage microgrid.
图2b为光储微电网离网黑启动系统拓扑图。Figure 2b is a topological diagram of the off-grid black start system of the optical storage microgrid.
图3是一种典型工况下光储微电网黑启动的仿真结果波形图。Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of simulation results of black start of optical storage microgrid under typical working conditions.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实例以及附图，对本发明作进一步的说明。Below in conjunction with example and accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
如图2b，一种适用于光储微电网的黑启动系统，包括控制层、监测层和通讯层，控制层由微电网中央控制器MGCC(MicrogridControlCentersystem)和下层控制器组成，下层控制器包括负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器；监测层由监测装置即电流互感器、电压互感器以及功率计组成；下层控制器与监测层连接，下层控制器与微电网中央控制器之间通过通讯层通信，通讯层由通信端口和通信网络组成。光储微电网的负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置各自的监测装置与相应的下层控制器连接，将光储微电网的负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置的电气量信息先传输给下层控制器，再通过下层控制器经通讯层向MGCC传输负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置的实时电气量信息；MGCC与光储微电网的并/离网控制开关通过通信总线连接，以控制光储微电网处于并网运行状态或者离网运行状态。MGCC与负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器通过通信总线进行连接；负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器通过通信总线上传负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置的电气信息给MGCC；MGCC通过通信总线向下层控制器下达相应指令，以控制负荷、光伏发电系统和储能装置的运行状态。负荷控制器、光伏控制器和储能控制器分别与负荷开关、光伏发电系统开关和储能装置开关连接，以控制相应开关的开合状态；光伏控制器和储能控制器还分别与光伏发电系统逆变器和储能装置逆变器相连接，以控制微电源的输出功率。As shown in Figure 2b, a black start system suitable for optical storage microgrids includes a control layer, a monitoring layer, and a communication layer. Controller, photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller; the monitoring layer is composed of monitoring devices, namely current transformers, voltage transformers and power meters; the lower controller is connected to the monitoring layer, and the lower controller and the central controller of the microgrid pass Communication layer Communication, the communication layer is composed of communication ports and communication networks. The respective monitoring devices of the load of the photovoltaic storage microgrid, the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage device are connected to the corresponding lower-level controllers, and the load of the photovoltaic storage microgrid, the electrical quantity information of the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage device are first transmitted to the lower-level controller. The lower layer controller transmits the real-time electrical quantity information of the load, photovoltaic power generation system and energy storage device to the MGCC through the communication layer; The microgrid is in the grid-connected operation state or the off-grid operation state. MGCC is connected with load controller, photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller through communication bus; load controller, photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller upload the electrical information of load, photovoltaic power generation system and energy storage device to MGCC through communication bus ; MGCC issues corresponding instructions to the lower-level controller through the communication bus to control the operating status of loads, photovoltaic power generation systems and energy storage devices. The load controller, photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller are respectively connected to the load switch, photovoltaic power generation system switch and energy storage device switch to control the opening and closing states of the corresponding switches; the photovoltaic controller and energy storage controller are also connected to the photovoltaic power generation system switch respectively. The system inverter and the energy storage device inverter are connected to control the output power of the micro power supply.
如图1所示是光储微电网黑启动方法的主流程，具体流程分析如下所示：Figure 1 shows the main process of the black start method of the optical storage microgrid, and the specific process analysis is as follows:
①MGCC检查微电网是否满足黑启动条件。具体判断依据是：① MGCC checks whether the microgrid meets the black start conditions. The specific basis for judgment is:
a)并/离网控制开关处于断开状态；a) The on-grid/off-grid control switch is off;
b)所有负荷和微电源侧的控制开关处于断开状态；b) All control switches on the load and micro power supply side are in the off state;
c)微电网交流母线上的电压和频率均为0；c) The voltage and frequency on the AC bus of the microgrid are both zero;
d)具有黑启动能力的储能装置能够正常工作；d) The energy storage device with black start capability can work normally;
e)微电网具有储能单元且备用容量充足。e) The microgrid has energy storage units and sufficient backup capacity.
②MGCC择优选择微电网中的一台储能装置作为黑启动主电源。在满足下述具体选择依据的情况下，选择SOC(StateofCharge，荷电状态)大、额定充放电功率大的储能装置作为主电源：② MGCC selects an energy storage device in the microgrid as the main power supply for black start. In the case of meeting the following specific selection criteria, select an energy storage device with a large SOC (State of Charge) and a large rated charging and discharging power as the main power supply:
a)具有调压调频能力，以保证微电网在离网情况下母线电压和频率保持稳定；a) It has the ability of voltage regulation and frequency regulation to ensure that the bus voltage and frequency of the microgrid remain stable when it is off-grid;
b)具备足够备用容量；b) have sufficient spare capacity;
c)具备充足发电容量。c) Have sufficient power generation capacity.
③MGCC向储能控制器和光伏控制器发送模式控制信号。向主电源侧的储能控制器发送V/f控制信号，向其他微电源侧的控制器发送PQ控制信号。然后，MGCC向主电源侧的储能控制器发送启动和投入信号，向其他微电源控制发送待机信号。③ MGCC sends mode control signals to energy storage controller and photovoltaic controller. Send the V/f control signal to the energy storage controller on the main power supply side, and send the PQ control signal to the controllers on the other micro power supply sides. Then, MGCC sends start and input signals to the energy storage controller on the main power supply side, and sends standby signals to other micro power supply controls.
④MGCC根据采集到的电气量信息，判断电压和频率的稳定条件：④ MGCC judges the stable conditions of voltage and frequency according to the collected electrical quantity information:
其中f是微电网母线的实际频率，fnmax是微电网规定频率的上限值，fnmin是微电网规定频率的下限值。U是微电网母线的实际电压，Unmax是微电网规定电压的上限值，Unmin是微电网规定电压的下限值。若频率和电压在以上范围内，则为稳定。Where f is the actual frequency of the microgrid bus,fnmax is the upper limit of the microgrid's specified frequency, andfnmin is the lower limit of the microgrid's specified frequency. U is the actual voltage of the busbar of the microgrid, Unmax is the upper limit of the specified voltage of the microgrid, and Unmin is the lower limit of the specified voltage of the microgrid. If the frequency and voltage are within the above range, it is stable.
⑤MGCC判断下述的负荷投入条件，如满足，则向PQ可调储能装置侧的储能控制器发送功率调节信号，在PQ可调储能装置完成有功功率的调节之后，MGCC向相应的负荷控制器发送负荷投入信号，负荷开关闭合后，负荷完成投入。⑤ MGCC judges the following load input conditions, if satisfied, then sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller on the PQ adjustable energy storage device side, after the PQ adjustable energy storage device completes the adjustment of active power, MGCC sends the corresponding load The controller sends a load input signal, and after the load switch is closed, the load input is completed.
KLj·PLj+Pnet≤∑PBat,maxKLj ·PLj +Pnet ≤∑PBat,max
PLj表示将要投入负荷j的功率，Pnet表示系统的净功率，净功率的定义为负荷总有功功率与光伏发电系统总有功功率的差值，KLj是负荷j投入时候的冲击系数，PBat,max表示各类储能装置的最大输出功率；PLj represents the power to be input to load j, Pnet represents the net power of the system, net power is defined as the difference between the total active power of the load and the total active power of the photovoltaic power generation system, KLj is the impact coefficient when load j is input, PBat,max represents the maximum output power of various energy storage devices;
⑥MGCC检验下述的MPPT类光伏发电系统的投入条件，如满足，MGCC向PQ可调储能装置侧的储能控制器发送功率调节信号，在PQ可调储能装置完成有功功率的调节之后，MGCC向MPPT类光伏系统侧的光伏控制器发送光伏系统投入信号，光伏开关闭合后，MPPT类光伏发电系统完成投入。⑥ MGCC checks the input conditions of the following MPPT photovoltaic power generation system. If it is satisfied, MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller on the side of the PQ adjustable energy storage device. After the PQ adjustable energy storage device completes the adjustment of active power, The MGCC sends a photovoltaic system input signal to the photovoltaic controller on the side of the MPPT photovoltaic system. After the photovoltaic switch is closed, the MPPT photovoltaic power generation system completes the input.
Ppv,mppt+∑PBat,min≤∑PLPpv, mppt +∑PBat,min ≤∑PL
Ppv,mppt表示以MPPT类光伏发电系统输出功率，PBat,min表示各类储能装置的最小输出功率；Ppv,mppt represents the output power of MPPT type photovoltaic power generation system, PBat,min represents the minimum output power of various energy storage devices;
⑦MGCC检验下述的PQ类光伏发电系统的投入条件，如满足，MGCC向PQ可调储能装置侧的储能控制器发送功率调节信号，在PQ可调储能装置完成有功功率的调节之后，MGCC向PQ类光伏系统侧的光伏控制器发送光伏系统投入信号，光伏开关闭合后，PQ类光伏发电系统完成投入。⑦ MGCC checks the input conditions of the following PQ photovoltaic power generation system. If it is satisfied, MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller on the side of the PQ adjustable energy storage device. After the PQ adjustable energy storage device completes the adjustment of active power, The MGCC sends a photovoltaic system input signal to the photovoltaic controller on the side of the PQ photovoltaic system. After the photovoltaic switch is closed, the PQ photovoltaic power generation system completes the input.
Ppv,mppt+Ppv,pq+∑PBat,min≤∑PLPpv,mppt +Ppv,pq +∑PBat,min ≤∑PL
其中，Ppv,pq表示PQ类光伏发电系统输出功率；Among them, Ppv,pq represents the output power of PQ type photovoltaic power generation system;
⑧MGCC检验是否还有未投入的负荷以及微电源，如果有则返回步骤⑤，若无，则进入步骤⑨⑧MGCC checks whether there are loads and micro power sources that have not been put into use, if there is, return to step ⑤, if not, go to step ⑨
⑨MGCC结束黑启动控制流程，退出黑启动控制模式，进入离网运行控制模式。⑨The MGCC ends the black start control process, exits the black start control mode, and enters the off-grid operation control mode.
为了验证本发明所提出的光储微电网黑启动方法，本文设置了一种典型工况进行仿真验证。光储微电网黑启动仿真的电路拓扑图如图2a所示，测试系统为单层结构，系统由光伏发电系统、储能装置和负荷组成。其中，光伏发电系统由额定容量为30kW的MPPT类型1台和额定容量为30kW的PQ类型2台组成，储能装置由1台90kW的主电源和1台30kW的辅助电源组成，负荷为3台额定容量为50kW的静态负荷。In order to verify the black start method of the optical storage microgrid proposed in the present invention, a typical working condition is set up in this paper for simulation verification. The circuit topology diagram of the black start simulation of the photovoltaic storage microgrid is shown in Figure 2a. The test system is a single-layer structure, and the system is composed of a photovoltaic power generation system, an energy storage device and a load. Among them, the photovoltaic power generation system is composed of 1 MPPT type with a rated capacity of 30kW and 2 PQ type with a rated capacity of 30kW. The energy storage device is composed of a 90kW main power supply and a 30kW auxiliary power supply. The load is 3 sets Static load with a rated capacity of 50kW.
如下所示是典型工况的初始条件：The initial conditions for a typical case are shown below:
光照：1000W/m2Lighting: 1000W/m2
温度：25℃；Temperature: 25°C;
光伏发电系统1：类型:PQ类，容量：30kW；Photovoltaic power generation system 1: type: PQ class, capacity: 30kW;
光伏发电系统2：类型:PQ类，容量：30kW；Photovoltaic power generation system 2: type: PQ class, capacity: 30kW;
光伏发电系统3：类型:MPPT类，容量：30kW；Photovoltaic power generation system 3: type: MPPT, capacity: 30kW;
储能装置1：容量：90kW，SOC：65％；Energy storage device 1: capacity: 90kW, SOC: 65%;
储能装置2：容量：30kW，SOC：60％；Energy storage device 2: capacity: 30kW, SOC: 60%;
负荷1：容量50kW静态负荷；Load 1: Static load with a capacity of 50kW;
负荷2：容量50kW静态负荷；Load 2: Static load with a capacity of 50kW;
负荷3：容量50kW静态负荷；Load 3: Static load with a capacity of 50kW;
黑启动仿真波形如图3所示，其中(a)是光伏发电系统的输出功率波形；The black start simulation waveform is shown in Figure 3, where (a) is the output power waveform of the photovoltaic power generation system;
(b)是储能装置的输出功率波形；(c)是负荷的功率波形；(d)是微电网母线电压波形；(e)是微电网母线频率波形。(b) is the output power waveform of the energy storage device; (c) is the power waveform of the load; (d) is the microgrid bus voltage waveform; (e) is the microgrid bus frequency waveform.
MGCC检测到微电网满足黑启动条件后，选择能量状态与容量更优的储能装置1担任系统黑启动主电源，并向储能控制器1发送V/f控制信号和投入信号，使储能装置1采用V/f控制模式启动并投入微电网。MGCC向储能控制器发送PQ控制信号和待机信号，使得储能装置2采用PQ控制模式启动，并处于待机状态。After the MGCC detects that the microgrid meets the black start conditions, it selects the energy storage device 1 with better energy state and capacity as the main power supply for the black start of the system, and sends V/f control signals and input signals to the energy storage controller 1 to make the energy storage Device 1 is started in V/f control mode and put into microgrid. The MGCC sends a PQ control signal and a standby signal to the energy storage controller, so that the energy storage device 2 starts in the PQ control mode and is in a standby state.
在1.2s时，主电源储能装置1建立了稳定的系统电压和频率，此时MGCC检测到负荷1满足负荷投入条件，MGCC向储能控制器2发送功率调节信号，在调节储能装置2的出力后，MGCC向负荷控制器1发送负荷投入信号，负荷开关1闭合，负荷1投入。At 1.2s, the main power energy storage device 1 has established a stable system voltage and frequency. At this time, the MGCC detects that the load 1 meets the load input conditions. The MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller 2, and adjusts the energy storage device 2. After the output of the load, MGCC sends a load input signal to the load controller 1, the load switch 1 is closed, and the load 1 is input.
在3.4s时，MGCC检测到负荷2满足负荷投入条件，MGCC向储能控制器2发送功率调节信号，在调节储能装置2的出力后，MGCC向负荷控制器2发送负荷投入信号，负荷开关2闭合，负荷2投入。At 3.4s, the MGCC detects that the load 2 meets the load input condition, and the MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller 2. After adjusting the output of the energy storage device 2, the MGCC sends a load input signal to the load controller 2, and the load switch 2 is closed, and the load 2 is put into operation.
在投入负荷1和负荷2后，负荷3不再满足负荷投入条件。MGCC继而判断光伏发电系统是否满足投入条件。在4.3s时，MGCC判断到光伏发电系统3满足MPPT类光伏发电系统的投入条件，MGCC向储能控制器2发送功率调节信号，在调节储能装置2的出力后，MGCC向光伏控制器3发送光伏系统投入信号，光伏开关3闭合，光伏发电系统3投入。After loading load 1 and load 2, load 3 no longer satisfies the load input condition. MGCC then judges whether the photovoltaic power generation system meets the input conditions. At 4.3s, the MGCC judges that the photovoltaic power generation system 3 meets the input conditions of the MPPT photovoltaic power generation system, and the MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller 2. After adjusting the output of the energy storage device 2, the MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the photovoltaic controller 3 A photovoltaic system input signal is sent, the photovoltaic switch 3 is closed, and the photovoltaic power generation system 3 is activated.
在5.0s时，MGCC检测到光伏发电系统1满足PQ类光伏发电系统的投入条件，MGCC向储能控制器2发送功率调节信号，在调节储能装置2的出力后，MGCC向光伏控制器1发送光伏投入信号，光伏开关1闭合，投入光伏发电系统1，光伏发电系统的投入增大了系统容量。At 5.0s, the MGCC detects that the photovoltaic power generation system 1 meets the input conditions of the PQ type photovoltaic power generation system, and the MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller 2. After adjusting the output of the energy storage device 2, the MGCC sends a The photovoltaic input signal is sent, the photovoltaic switch 1 is closed, and the photovoltaic power generation system 1 is put into operation. The input of the photovoltaic power generation system increases the system capacity.
在7.9s时，MGCC判断负荷3满足负荷投入条件，MGCC向储能控制器2发送功率调节信号，在调节储能装置2的出力后，MGCC向负荷控制器3发送负荷投入信号，负荷开关3闭合，负荷3投入。At 7.9s, the MGCC judges that the load 3 meets the load input condition, and the MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller 2. After adjusting the output of the energy storage device 2, the MGCC sends a load input signal to the load controller 3, and the load switch 3 Closed, load 3 input.
在8.5s时，MGCC判断光伏发电系统2满足PQ类光伏发电系统投入条件，MGCC向储能控制器2发送功率调节信号，在调节储能装置2的出力后，MGCC向光伏控制器2发送光伏系统投入信号，光伏开关2闭合，光伏发电系统2投入。At 8.5s, the MGCC judges that the photovoltaic power generation system 2 meets the input conditions of the PQ photovoltaic power generation system, and the MGCC sends a power adjustment signal to the energy storage controller 2. After adjusting the output of the energy storage device 2, the MGCC sends a photovoltaic power generation signal to the photovoltaic controller 2. The system input signal, the photovoltaic switch 2 is closed, and the photovoltaic power generation system 2 is activated.
图3的波形图详细地表述了微电网黑启动的过程，(a)中曲线pvMppt为MPPT类光伏系统的工作状态，曲线pvPQ1、曲线pvPQ2为2个PQ类光伏系统的工作状态；(b)中曲线pBAT1为作为主电源的储能系统即储能装置1的工作状态，曲线pBAT2为储能装置2的工作状态；(c)中曲线pLD1、曲线pLD2、曲线pLD3分别为负荷1、负荷2、负荷3的工作状态；(d)中曲线Vnet为微电网系统的母线电压状态；(e)中曲线fnet为微电网系统母线频率的状态。The waveform diagram in Figure 3 describes the black start process of the microgrid in detail. The curve pvMppt in (a) is the working state of the MPPT photovoltaic system, and the curve pvPQ1 and curve pvPQ2 are the working states of two PQ photovoltaic systems; (b) The middle curve pBAT1 is the working state of the energy storage system as the main power supply, that is, the energy storage device 1, and the curve pBAT2 is the working state of the energy storage device 2; (c) the curve pLD1, the curve pLD2, and the curve pLD3 are the load 1 and the load 2 respectively. , the working state of load 3; the curve Vnet in (d) is the bus voltage state of the microgrid system; the curve fnet in (e) is the state of the bus frequency of the microgrid system.
至此，所有负荷恢复供电，并且所有微电源成功投入，系统电压和频率满足运行要求，微电网黑启动成功。MGCC退出黑启动控制模式，进入离网运行控制模式。So far, all loads have been restored to power supply, and all micro-power sources have been successfully put into operation, the system voltage and frequency meet the operating requirements, and the black start of the micro-grid has been successful. MGCC exits the black start control mode and enters the off-grid operation control mode.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510703476.6ACN105262131A (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | Black-start system and black-start method applicable to light storage micro grid |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510703476.6ACN105262131A (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | Black-start system and black-start method applicable to light storage micro grid |
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| CN105262131Atrue CN105262131A (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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| CN201510703476.6APendingCN105262131A (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | Black-start system and black-start method applicable to light storage micro grid |
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