技术领域technical field
本发明属于熔融堆积3D打印(简称FDM)领域，涉及一种用于螺杆熔融挤出打印的定量供料装置，适用于热塑性颗粒或粉末材料的按需定量供料。The invention belongs to the field of fusion deposition 3D printing (FDM for short), and relates to a quantitative feeding device for screw melt extrusion printing, which is suitable for quantitative feeding of thermoplastic particles or powder materials on demand.
背景技术Background technique
3D打印技术以增材制造为原理，通过计算机CAD模型驱动，无需专用的工装，利用3D打印机快速高效的制得产品。3D printing technology is based on the principle of additive manufacturing, driven by computer CAD models, without special tooling, and products can be produced quickly and efficiently by using 3D printers.
熔融堆积3D打印(简称FDM)技术是目前典型3D打印技术，该技术因设备造价及材料成本较低而得到广泛应用。目前市面上基于该技术的设备，一般使用丝材作为原材料打印，存在以下的缺点：(1)使用前需要制得FDM打印机所要求的丝材，提高了材料的使用成本；(2)丝材盘绕在线盘上为FDM打印机供料，打印前需要确保线盘上的丝材量是足够的，在打印的过程中很难实现材料的接续，因此造成了材料的浪费或者限制了大尺寸零件的打印；(3)线盘一般固定在打印机上，打印头拉着丝材进行工作幅面上的打印，当打印机的加工幅面加大时，容易造成丝材的拉力过大，影响了挤出打印的力度，从而影响打印质量甚至不能打印。Fused deposition 3D printing (FDM for short) technology is a typical 3D printing technology at present, which is widely used due to its low equipment cost and material cost. At present, the equipment based on this technology on the market generally uses silk as the raw material for printing, which has the following disadvantages: (1) the filament required by the FDM printer needs to be prepared before use, which increases the cost of the material; (2) the filament It is coiled on the wire reel to feed the FDM printer. Before printing, it is necessary to ensure that the amount of filament on the wire reel is sufficient. It is difficult to realize the connection of materials during the printing process, thus causing waste of materials or limiting the capacity of large-size parts. Printing; (3) The wire reel is generally fixed on the printer, and the print head pulls the filament to print on the working format. When the processing format of the printer increases, it is easy to cause excessive tension on the filament, which affects the extrusion printing. Intensity, thus affecting the print quality or even unable to print.
目前也已经出现了使用颗粒材料螺杆熔融挤出的FDM打印方法，但是如何实现该技术的连续供料，并保持打印头的结构简单，尺寸小巧且重量轻，还没有较为可行的办法。At present, the FDM printing method using screw melt extrusion of granular materials has also appeared, but how to realize the continuous feeding of this technology and keep the structure of the printing head simple, small in size and light in weight, there is no more feasible way.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种用于螺杆熔融挤出打印的定量供料装置及供料方法，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a quantitative feeding device and feeding method for screw melt extrusion printing, and the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种用于螺杆熔融挤出打印的定量供料装置包括储料罐、定量给料机构和受料机构。A quantitative feeding device for screw melt extrusion printing includes a material storage tank, a quantitative feeding mechanism and a material receiving mechanism.
所述储料罐底部开有落料口，用于储存颗粒或粉末材料；There is a discharge opening at the bottom of the storage tank for storing granular or powder materials;
所述定量给料机构包括进料板、定量板、给料板和驱动模块；定量给料机构位于储料罐下方，进料板、定量板和给料板从上到下依次平行放置，进料板和给料板固定不动，定量板通过驱动模块的驱动在进料板和给料板之间运动；进料板上开有1个进料口，与储料罐的落料口对准，定量板上开有上下相通的定量筒，给料板上开有1个给料口。所述驱动模块由气缸或电机驱动，驱动模块驱动定量板做直线往复运动或单向旋转运动。当定量板做直线往复运动时定量板往返于两个位置：定量板的定量筒上口对准进料板的进料口，定量板的定量筒下口对准给料板的给料口，同一个定量筒的上、下口不能同时对准进料口和给料口；当定量板做单向旋转运动时，定量板通过驱动模块的驱动绕其自身的轴心作单向旋转，定量板在圆周方向上等距阵列有n(n≥1)个上下相通的定量筒，定量板每次旋转角度为360°/n。The quantitative feeding mechanism includes a feed plate, a quantitative plate, a feeding plate and a drive module; the quantitative feeding mechanism is located below the storage tank, and the feeding plate, the quantitative plate and the feeding plate are placed in parallel from top to bottom in sequence, The material plate and the feed plate are fixed, and the quantitative plate is driven by the drive module to move between the feed plate and the feed plate; there is a feed port on the feed plate, which is opposite to the discharge port of the storage tank. Accurate, there is a quantitative cylinder connected up and down on the quantitative plate, and a feeding port is opened on the feeding plate. The drive module is driven by a cylinder or a motor, and the drive module drives the quantitative plate to perform linear reciprocating motion or unidirectional rotary motion. When the quantitative plate moves back and forth in a straight line, the quantitative plate goes back and forth between two positions: the upper opening of the quantitative cylinder of the quantitative plate is aligned with the feeding port of the feeding plate, the lower opening of the quantitative cylinder of the quantitative plate is aligned with the feeding port of the feeding plate, The upper and lower openings of the same dosing cylinder cannot be aligned with the feeding port and the feeding port at the same time; There are n (n≥1) dosing tubes connected up and down in the equidistant array of the plate in the circumferential direction, and each rotation angle of the dosing plate is 360°/n.
所述受料机构包括受料筒和料位传感器，受料机构与3D打印机的螺杆挤出打印头固定在一起，即受料筒下端出料口与螺杆挤出打印头的导料口相连；料位传感器位于受料筒的中部，受料筒由料位传感器分为受料筒上段和受料筒下段，受料筒上段、受料筒下段和定量筒所容纳的材料量均大于3D打印机打印一层需要的材料量，定量筒的容积不大于受料筒上段的容积。The material receiving mechanism includes a material receiving cylinder and a material level sensor, and the material receiving mechanism is fixed together with the screw extrusion printing head of the 3D printer, that is, the lower end discharge port of the material receiving cylinder is connected with the material guide port of the screw extrusion printing head; The material level sensor is located in the middle of the material receiving cylinder, and the material receiving cylinder is divided into the upper section of the material receiving cylinder and the lower section of the material receiving cylinder by the material level sensor. To print the amount of material required for one layer, the volume of the metering cylinder is not greater than the volume of the upper section of the receiving cylinder.
该定量供料装置位于3D打印机的打印平台之外。The quantitative feeding device is located outside the printing platform of the 3D printer.
基于上述用于螺杆熔融挤出打印的定量供料装置的定量供料方法，包括以下步骤：The quantitative feeding method based on the above-mentioned quantitative feeding device for screw melt extrusion printing comprises the following steps:
第一步，将所需的材料装入储料罐中；The first step is to load the required materials into the storage tank;
第二步，3D打印机的螺杆挤出打印头运行至打印平台之外，使受料筒的受料口对准给料板的给料口；In the second step, the screw extrusion print head of the 3D printer runs out of the printing platform, so that the material receiving port of the material receiving cylinder is aligned with the feeding port of the feeding plate;
第三步，驱动模块带动定量板运动，使定量筒的上口对准进料板的进料口，此时材料落入定量筒中，待定量筒被填满之后，驱动模块带动定量板运动，使定量筒的下口对准给料板的给料口，定量筒中的材料全部落入受料筒中；In the third step, the driving module drives the quantitative plate to move, so that the upper opening of the quantitative cylinder is aligned with the feeding port of the feeding plate. At this time, the material falls into the quantitative cylinder. After the quantitative cylinder is filled, the driving module drives the quantitative plate to move, so that The lower opening of the dosing cylinder is aligned with the feeding port of the feeding plate, and all the materials in the dosing cylinder fall into the receiving cylinder;
第四步，3D打印机的螺杆挤出打印头运行至打印平台内，开始零件的第一层打印；In the fourth step, the screw extrusion print head of the 3D printer runs into the printing platform to start the first layer printing of the part;
第五步，当前层打印结束之后，3D打印机的打印平台下降一个层厚的高度，料位传感器检测受料筒中料位高低，如果料位高于料位传感器7，继续下一层的打印，如果料位低于料位传感器，重复第二步、第三步，进行一次定量供料，然后进行下一层的打印；The fifth step, after the current layer is printed, the printing platform of the 3D printer is lowered by a layer thickness, and the material level sensor detects the level of the material in the receiving barrel. If the material level is higher than the material level sensor 7, continue to print on the next layer. If the material level is lower than the material level sensor, repeat the second and third steps to perform a quantitative feeding, and then print the next layer;
第六步，重复第五步，直至打印结束。In the sixth step, repeat the fifth step until the printing is completed.
本发明提供的供料装置及方法能够实现打印过程的不间断供料，材料适用范围广，减轻螺杆挤出打印头的重量，提高打印速度，易于实现FDM打印机的大型化。The feeding device and method provided by the invention can realize uninterrupted feeding in the printing process, have a wide application range of materials, reduce the weight of the screw extrusion printing head, increase the printing speed, and easily realize the enlargement of the FDM printer.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为定量供料装置及打印机的剖视结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a quantitative feeding device and a printer.
图2为受料筒及螺杆挤出打印头的放大剖视图。Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the receiving barrel and the screw extrusion print head.
图3为实施例2的定量供料装置的剖视结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the quantitative feeding device of embodiment 2.
图4为实施例2的定量给料机构的放大图。Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the dosing mechanism of embodiment 2.
图中：1、储料罐，2、进料板，3、定量板，4、给料板，5、驱动模块，6、受料筒，7、料位传感器，8、螺杆挤出打印头，9、零件，10、打印平台，101、落料口，201、进料口，301、定量筒，401、给料口，601、受料口，602、受料筒上段，603、受料筒下段，604、出料口，801、导料口。In the figure: 1. Storage tank, 2. Feed plate, 3. Quantitative plate, 4. Feed plate, 5. Drive module, 6. Receiving barrel, 7. Material level sensor, 8. Screw extrusion print head , 9, parts, 10, printing platform, 101, blanking port, 201, feeding port, 301, quantitative cylinder, 401, feeding port, 601, receiving port, 602, upper section of receiving cylinder, 603, receiving material Tube lower section, 604, discharge port, 801, material guide port.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行说明。The present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
如图1、图2所示的用于螺杆熔融挤出打印的定量供料装置包括储料罐1、定量给料机构和受料机构。The quantitative feeding device for screw melt extrusion printing as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 includes a storage tank 1, a quantitative feeding mechanism and a material receiving mechanism.
储料罐1底部开有落料口101，用于储存颗粒或粉末材料There is a discharge opening 101 at the bottom of the storage tank 1 for storing granular or powder materials
定量给料机构包括进料板2、定量板3、给料板4和驱动模块5，所述定量给料机构位于储料罐1下方，进料板2、定量板3、给料板4从上到下依次平行放置，进料板2上开有1个进料口201，与所述储料罐1的落料口101对准，定量板3上开有1个上下相通的定量筒301，给料板4上开有1个给料口401。本实施例中的驱动模块5可以为气缸驱动作直线往复运动；也可以为电机驱动，电机驱动的情况下通过齿轮齿条或者丝杆等方式将电机的旋转转化为直线运动。该定量板3做直线往复运动，往返于两个位置：定量板3的定量筒301上口对准进料板2的进料口201，定量板3的定量筒301下口对准给料板4的给料口401，同一个定量筒301的上、下口不能同时对准进料口201和给料口401。Quantitative feeding mechanism comprises feeding plate 2, quantitative plate 3, feeding plate 4 and drive module 5, and described quantitative feeding mechanism is positioned at storage tank 1 below, and feeding plate 2, quantitative plate 3, feeding plate 4 are from Placed in parallel from top to bottom, a feeding port 201 is opened on the feeding plate 2, which is aligned with the blanking port 101 of the storage tank 1, and a quantitative cylinder 301 connected up and down is opened on the quantitative plate 3 , There is a feeding port 401 on the feeding plate 4 . The drive module 5 in this embodiment can be driven by a cylinder for linear reciprocating motion; it can also be driven by a motor, and in the case of a motor drive, the rotation of the motor is converted into a linear motion by means of a rack and pinion or a screw. The dosing plate 3 makes a linear reciprocating motion, reciprocating between two positions: the upper mouth of the dosing cylinder 301 of the dosing plate 3 is aligned with the feed port 201 of the feeding plate 2, and the lower opening of the dosing cylinder 301 of the dosing plate 3 is aligned with the feeding plate 4, the upper and lower openings of the same metering cylinder 301 cannot be aligned with the feed port 201 and the feed port 401 at the same time.
受料机构包括受料筒6和料位传感器7，受料机构与3D打印机的螺杆挤出打印头8固定在一起，即受料筒下端出料口604与螺杆挤出打印头的导料口801相连；料位传感器7位于受料筒6的中部，受料筒6由料位传感器7分为受料筒上段602和受料筒下段603，受料筒上段602、受料筒下段603和定量筒301所容纳的材料量均大于3D打印机打印一层需要的材料量，定量筒301的容积不大于受料筒上段602的容积。该定量供料装置位于3D打印机的打印平台10之外，所供材料为颗粒或粉末状态。The material receiving mechanism includes a material receiving cylinder 6 and a material level sensor 7, and the material receiving mechanism is fixed with the screw extrusion printing head 8 of the 3D printer, that is, the material receiving outlet 604 at the lower end of the material receiving cylinder and the material guide port of the screw extrusion printing head 801 connected; material level sensor 7 is located in the middle of material receiving cylinder 6, material receiving cylinder 6 is divided into material receiving cylinder upper section 602 and material receiving cylinder lower section 603 by material level sensor 7, material receiving cylinder upper section 602, material receiving cylinder lower section 603 and The amount of material contained in the dosing cylinder 301 is greater than the amount of material required for printing a layer by the 3D printer, and the volume of the dosing cylinder 301 is not greater than the volume of the upper section 602 of the receiving cylinder. The quantitative feeding device is located outside the printing platform 10 of the 3D printer, and the supplied material is in the state of particles or powder.
基于上述用于螺杆熔融挤出打印的定量供料方法，包括以下步骤：Based on the above quantitative feeding method for screw melt extrusion printing, it includes the following steps:
第一步，将所需的材料装入储料罐1中；In the first step, the required materials are loaded into the storage tank 1;
第二步，3D打印机的螺杆挤出打印头8运行至打印平台10之外，使受料筒6的受料口601对准给料板4的给料口401；In the second step, the screw extrusion print head 8 of the 3D printer runs to the outside of the printing platform 10, so that the material receiving port 601 of the material receiving cylinder 6 is aligned with the material feeding port 401 of the feeding plate 4;
第三步，驱动模块带动定量板3运动，使定量筒301的上口对准进料板2的进料口201，此时材料落入定量筒301中，待定量筒301被填满之后，驱动模块5带动定量板3运动，使定量筒301的下口对准给料板4的给料口401，定量筒301中的材料全部落入受料筒6中；In the third step, the driving module drives the quantitative plate 3 to move, so that the upper opening of the quantitative cylinder 301 is aligned with the feed port 201 of the feed plate 2. At this time, the material falls into the quantitative cylinder 301. After the quantitative cylinder 301 is filled, the drive The module 5 drives the dosing plate 3 to move, so that the lower opening of the dosing cylinder 301 is aligned with the feeding port 401 of the feeding plate 4, and all the materials in the dosing cylinder 301 fall into the receiving cylinder 6;
第四步，3D打印机的螺杆挤出打印头8运行至打印平台10内，开始零件9的第一层打印；In the fourth step, the screw extrusion print head 8 of the 3D printer runs into the printing platform 10 to start the first layer printing of the part 9;
第五步，当前层打印结束之后，3D打印机的打印平台10下降一个层厚的高度，料位传感器7检测受料筒6中料位高低，如果料位高于料位传感器7，继续下一层的打印，如果料位低于料位传感器7，重复第二步、第三步，进行一次定量供料，然后进行下一层的打印；In the fifth step, after the printing of the current layer is completed, the printing platform 10 of the 3D printer is lowered by a layer thickness, and the material level sensor 7 detects the material level in the receiving barrel 6. If the material level is higher than the material level sensor 7, continue to the next step. For layer printing, if the material level is lower than the material level sensor 7, repeat the second and third steps to perform a quantitative feeding, and then print the next layer;
第六步，重复第五步，直至打印结束。In the sixth step, repeat the fifth step until the printing is completed.
实施例2Example 2
如图3、图4所示，用于螺杆熔融挤出打印的定量供料装置中的定量给料机构可以为此结构：As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the quantitative feeding mechanism in the quantitative feeding device used for screw melt extrusion printing can have this structure:
该定量给料机构，包括进料板2、定量板3、给料板4和驱动模块5，该定量给料机构位于储料罐1下方，进料板2、定量板3、给料板4从上到下平行放置，为大小相等的圆盘形。进料板2上开有1个进料口201，与所述储料罐1的落料口101对准，定量板3在圆周方向上等距阵列有n(n≥1)个上下相通的定量筒301，给料板4上开有1个给料口401，进料板2、给料板4固定不动，定量板3通过驱动模块5的驱动绕其自身的轴心作单向旋转。The quantitative feeding mechanism includes a feeding plate 2, a quantitative plate 3, a feeding plate 4 and a drive module 5. The quantitative feeding mechanism is located below the storage tank 1, and the feeding plate 2, the quantitative plate 3, and the feeding plate 4 Placed in parallel from top to bottom, they are discs of equal size. There is a feed port 201 on the feed plate 2, which is aligned with the discharge port 101 of the storage tank 1, and the quantitative plate 3 has n (n ≥ 1) connected up and down in an equidistant array in the circumferential direction. The dosing cylinder 301 has a feeding port 401 on the feeding plate 4, the feeding plate 2 and the feeding plate 4 are fixed, and the dosing plate 3 is driven by the drive module 5 to rotate unidirectionally around its own axis .
所述进料口201、给料口401布置在定量筒的同一圆周上，当进料口201对准其中某一定量筒301上口时，给料口401对准另外一个定量筒301的下口。驱动模块5带动定量板3作单向旋转运动：每次定量板3向同一方向旋转360°/n，位于进料口201旋转方向后方的定量筒301对准进料口201，使该定量筒301装满材料；位于给料口401旋转方向后方的定量筒301对准给料口401，该定量筒301中的料通过给料口401落入受料筒6中。The feed port 201 and the feed port 401 are arranged on the same circumference of the dosing cylinder. When the feed port 201 is aligned with the upper opening of one of the dosing cylinders 301, the feed opening 401 is aligned with the lower opening of the other dosing cylinder 301. . The drive module 5 drives the dosing plate 3 to perform unidirectional rotational movement: each time the dosing plate 3 rotates 360°/n in the same direction, the dosing cylinder 301 located behind the rotation direction of the feed port 201 is aligned with the feed port 201, so that the dosing cylinder 301 is filled with material; the quantitative cylinder 301 positioned at the rear of the feed port 401 in the direction of rotation is aligned with the feed port 401, and the material in the quantitative cylinder 301 falls into the receiving cylinder 6 through the feed port 401.
该实施例中的驱动模块5可以由电机直接驱动，也可以将电机通过皮带或齿轮等间接驱动，作单向旋转。The drive module 5 in this embodiment can be directly driven by a motor, or can be indirectly driven by the motor through a belt or a gear for unidirectional rotation.
基于上述用于螺杆熔融挤出打印的定量供料方法，包括以下步骤：Based on the above quantitative feeding method for screw melt extrusion printing, it includes the following steps:
第一步，将所需的材料装入储料罐1中；In the first step, the required materials are loaded into the storage tank 1;
第二步，3D打印机的螺杆挤出打印头8运行至打印平台10之外，使受料筒6的受料口601对准给料板4的给料口401；In the second step, the screw extrusion print head 8 of the 3D printer runs to the outside of the printing platform 10, so that the material receiving port 601 of the material receiving cylinder 6 is aligned with the material feeding port 401 of the feeding plate 4;
第三步，驱动模块5带动定量板3运动，使定量筒301的上口对准进料板2的进料口201，此时材料落入定量筒301中，待定量筒301被填满之后，驱动模块5带动定量板3运动，使定量筒301的下口对准给料板4的给料口401，定量筒301中的材料全部落入受料筒6中；In the third step, the driving module 5 drives the quantitative plate 3 to move, so that the upper opening of the quantitative cylinder 301 is aligned with the feed port 201 of the feed plate 2. At this time, the material falls into the quantitative cylinder 301. After the quantitative cylinder 301 is filled, The driving module 5 drives the dosing plate 3 to move, so that the lower opening of the dosing cylinder 301 is aligned with the feeding port 401 of the feeding plate 4, and all the materials in the dosing cylinder 301 fall into the receiving cylinder 6;
第四步，3D打印机的螺杆挤出打印头8运行至打印平台10内，开始零件9的第一层打印；In the fourth step, the screw extrusion print head 8 of the 3D printer runs into the printing platform 10 to start the first layer printing of the part 9;
第五步，当前层打印结束之后，3D打印机的打印平台10下降一个层厚的高度，料位传感器7检测受料筒6中料位高低，如果料位高于料位传感器7，继续下一层的打印，如果料位低于料位传感器7，重复第二步、第三步，进行一次定量供料，然后进行下一层的打印；In the fifth step, after the printing of the current layer is completed, the printing platform 10 of the 3D printer is lowered by a layer thickness, and the material level sensor 7 detects the material level in the receiving barrel 6. If the material level is higher than the material level sensor 7, continue to the next step. For layer printing, if the material level is lower than the material level sensor 7, repeat the second and third steps to perform a quantitative feeding, and then print the next layer;
第六步，重复第五步，直至打印结束。In the sixth step, repeat the fifth step until the printing is completed.
上述具体实施方式为本发明的优选实施例，并不能对本发明进行限定，其他的任何未背离本发明的技术方案而所做的改变或其它等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific implementation described above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. Any other changes or other equivalent replacement methods that do not deviate from the technical solution of the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention. within.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510712382.5ACN105235214B (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | A kind of batch plant and method of feeding for screw rod melting extrusion printing |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510712382.5ACN105235214B (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | A kind of batch plant and method of feeding for screw rod melting extrusion printing |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105235214Atrue CN105235214A (en) | 2016-01-13 |
| CN105235214B CN105235214B (en) | 2017-06-23 |
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| CN201510712382.5AActiveCN105235214B (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | A kind of batch plant and method of feeding for screw rod melting extrusion printing |
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