技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种医疗监护及自动控制领域，具体涉及一种输液报警器及其控制方法。The invention relates to the field of medical monitoring and automatic control, in particular to an infusion alarm and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
目前，静脉输液是临床治疗中一种重要的给药途径，在治疗中有着非常重要的作用。病人在输液时，需要护士、陪护或病人自己经常查看输液瓶内的液体剩余量，并根据需要更换液体或拔掉输液针。由于输液时间较长，患者或陪护人员难免疏忽，而不能及时发现输液瓶内液体已经流空，导致静脉回血，造成不必要的损失和痛苦，甚至威胁患者生命。因此，在液体将要输完时能够自动提醒的输液报警器就显得非常必要。At present, intravenous infusion is an important route of administration in clinical treatment and plays a very important role in treatment. During infusion, the patient needs a nurse, an escort or the patient to check the remaining amount of liquid in the infusion bottle frequently, and replace the liquid or pull out the infusion needle as required. Due to the long infusion time, the patient or the accompanying staff will inevitably be negligent, and cannot find in time that the liquid in the infusion bottle has been emptied, resulting in venous return of blood, causing unnecessary loss and pain, and even threatening the life of the patient. Therefore, the transfusion alarm that can remind automatically when liquid will lose just seems very necessary.
目前已有的输液泵虽功能比较全面且精度较高，但设备太过昂贵，不利于大范围推广应用；已有的利用光电原理设计的输液报警器结构简单，使用方便，但容易因输液器管路倾斜或者气泡产生误报警；已有的采用弹簧秤改装的输液报警器结构简单，成本较低，但精度太差；已有的采用压力制导的输液报警器虽结构简单、精度较高，但存在液体污染的隐患。Although the existing infusion pumps have relatively comprehensive functions and high precision, the equipment is too expensive, which is not conducive to wide-scale application; Pipeline inclination or air bubbles cause false alarms; the existing infusion alarms modified by spring scales have simple structure and low cost, but the accuracy is too poor; although the existing pressure-guided infusion alarms have simple structure and high accuracy, There is a risk of liquid contamination.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对以上输液报警器存在的不足，提供了一种成本低、精度高、体积小、使用方便、可靠性高、便于医疗机构大范围应用的输液报警器及其控制方法，提高护理质量，降低医疗风险。The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the deficiencies that the above infusion alarm exists, and provide a kind of infusion alarm and its control method with low cost, high precision, small volume, easy to use, high reliability, and convenient for medical institutions to apply in a large range, improve Quality of care and reduced medical risk.
为达到上述目的，本发明采取如下技术方案；To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions;
一种输液报警器，包括报警器面板、固定在报警器面板顶部用于与输液架连接的吊环和连接在报警器面板底部用于悬挂吊瓶的挂钩；An infusion alarm, comprising an alarm panel, a suspension ring fixed on the top of the alarm panel for connecting with an infusion stand, and a hook connected at the bottom of the alarm panel for hanging hanging bottles;
所述的报警器面板上设置有功能选择按钮、用于选择和显示不同规格吊瓶的显示屏和取消报警按钮；报警器面板内置有控制报警系统；The alarm panel is provided with a function selection button, a display screen for selecting and displaying hanging bottles of different specifications and a cancel alarm button; the alarm panel has a built-in control alarm system;
所述的控制报警系统包括与挂钩连接的拉力传感器、接收拉力传感器监测信号的信号调理电路、接收信号调理电路的信号用于判断吊瓶质量变化情况的控制器、与控制器连接进行报警的喇叭和用于为整个控制系统提供电能的电源；The control and alarm system includes a tension sensor connected to the hook, a signal conditioning circuit that receives the monitoring signal of the tension sensor, a controller that receives signals from the signal conditioning circuit for judging the quality change of the hanging bottle, and a horn that is connected to the controller to give an alarm and a power supply for providing electrical energy to the entire control system;
所述的功能选择按钮、显示屏和取消报警按钮均与控制器连接。The function selection button, the display screen and the alarm cancellation button are all connected with the controller.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的电源采用AAA电池。As a further improvement of the present invention, the power supply uses AAA batteries.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的信号调理电路主要采用运算放大器对拉力传感器的输出信号进行调理，处理为满足控制器接受范围的稳定模拟电压信号。As a further improvement of the present invention, the signal conditioning circuit mainly uses an operational amplifier to condition the output signal of the tension sensor, and process it into a stable analog voltage signal that meets the acceptable range of the controller.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的控制器采用至少具有一路AD通道和四路DI/DO通道的单片机。As a further improvement of the present invention, the controller adopts a single-chip microcomputer with at least one AD channel and four DI/DO channels.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的取消报警按钮通过导线引出一个病人直接操作的线控取消报警按钮。As a further improvement of the present invention, the cancel alarm button leads out a wire-controlled cancel alarm button directly operated by the patient through a wire.
一种输液报警器的控制方法，包括以下步骤：A control method for an infusion alarm, comprising the following steps:
设定挂钩无负载时的拉力传感器检测质量为M0；根据实际吊瓶规格，通过功能选择按钮选择对应的吊瓶型号，控制器自动设定判断吊瓶质量变化情况的报警阀值M1；Set the detection quality of the tension sensor when the hook has no load to M0; according to the actual bottle specification, select the corresponding bottle model through the function selection button, and the controller automatically sets the alarm threshold M1 for judging the quality changeof the hanging bottle;
判断控制器接收拉力传感器监测到挂钩上的质量在时间T1内是否大于M0；若否，则判断为无吊瓶，控制器控制整个系统自动关机；若是，则判断为有吊瓶进行输液；Judging whether the quality on the hook detected by the controller receiving the tension sensor is greaterthan M0 within the time T1; if not, it is judged that there is no hanging bottle, and the controller controls the entire system to automatically shut down; if so, it is judged that there is a hanging bottle for infusion ;
输液过程中，拉力传感器对吊瓶质量进行实时监测，并通过信号调理电路将信号传递给控制器，控制器对当前测量值和设定报警阀值M1进行实时比较，若满足报警条件则控制器驱动喇叭进行报警；报警条件是指：During the infusion process, the tension sensor monitors the quality of the hanging bottle in real time, and transmits the signal to the controller through the signal conditioning circuit. The controller compares the current measured value with the set alarm threshold M1 in real time, and controls the The device drives the horn to give an alarm; the alarm condition refers to:
当控制器接收到的信号值大于设定报警阀值M1时，且信号值连续时间T3内没有变化，或者连续时间T3内的减少量小于或等于质量M2时，进行报警；When the signal value received by the controller is greaterthan the set alarm threshold M1, and there is no change in the signal value within the continuous timeT3 , or when the decrease in the continuous time T3 is lessthan or equal to the qualityM2 , an alarm is issued;
当在持续时间T2内实时测量值小于或等于设定报警阀值M1时，控制器控制喇叭进行报警；When the real- time measured value is less than or equal to the set alarm threshold M1 within the duration T2, the controller controls the horn to givean alarm;
取消报警后控制器重新对当前测量值和设定报警阀值进行实时比较。After canceling the alarm, the controller re-compares the current measured value with the set alarm threshold in real time.
进一步，T1为5分钟，T2为5秒，T3为2分钟，M2为4克。Further, T1 is5 minutes, T2 is5 seconds, T3 is2 minutes, andM2 is 4 grams.
进一步，M1的设定值对应不同规格的吊瓶，且M1的质量为M0+空吊瓶质量+空输液器质量+25克(25克为输液器和吊瓶中剩余液体的质量)。Further, the set value of M1 corresponds to different specifications of the vials, and the quality of M1 is M0 + mass of the empty vial + mass of the empty infusion set + 25 grams (25 grams is the mass of the remaining liquid in the infusion set and the vial ).
进一步，所述的取消报警步骤为采用操作取消报警按钮取消或者采用线控取消报警按钮取消。Further, the step of canceling the alarm is to use the operation cancel alarm button to cancel or to use the wire control cancel alarm button to cancel.
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明的输液报警器针对输液报警问题，采用拉力传感器和控制报警系统，利用自动控制方式实现了输液报警的自动化和智能化，相对于传统的报警技术，具有更高的可靠性，且成本低、使用方便；本发明因采用电气控制技术，减少了复杂的机构设计，不仅减轻了报警器质量，减小了报警器体积，更重要的是操作方便，精确度大大提高。并且设置取消报警按钮，及时取消报警。Aiming at the problem of infusion alarm, the infusion alarm of the present invention adopts a tension sensor and a control alarm system, and realizes the automation and intelligence of infusion alarm by using an automatic control mode. Compared with traditional alarm technology, it has higher reliability and low cost , Easy to use; the present invention reduces the complex mechanism design due to the use of electrical control technology, which not only reduces the quality of the alarm, but also reduces the volume of the alarm, and more importantly, the operation is convenient and the accuracy is greatly improved. And set the cancel alarm button to cancel the alarm in time.
拉力传感器直接与悬挂吊瓶的挂钩连接，用于实时监测吊瓶质量，相对于机械式称重输液报警器精度提高10倍以上。The tension sensor is directly connected to the hook of the hanging bottle, which is used to monitor the quality of the hanging bottle in real time, and the accuracy of the mechanical weighing infusion alarm is increased by more than 10 times.
进一步，线控取消报警按钮的设置方便病人自己操作取消报警，方便实用。Further, the setting of the wire control cancellation alarm button is convenient for the patient to operate and cancel the alarm by himself, which is convenient and practical.
本发明的控制方法采用的自动控制技术，不仅能够对液体将要滴完时进行报警，而且能够对因病人不慎压到或折到输液器管路造成输液缓慢或停滞进行报警，当吊瓶质量的当前测量值小于或等于设定报警阀值时认为液体已输完；当吊瓶质量在连续2分钟内减少量小于或等于4克时认为输液器管路被不慎压到或反折。控制器用于判断吊瓶质量的变化情况，若满足报警条件则驱动喇叭进行报警。在较低成本下，实现了更高的智能化，避免了因没有按规定及时用药带来的安全隐患。The automatic control technology adopted in the control method of the present invention can not only give an alarm when the liquid is about to be dripped, but also can give an alarm to the slow or stagnant infusion caused by the patient accidentally pressing or folding the infusion set pipeline. When the current measured value of the infusion set is less than or equal to the set alarm threshold, it is considered that the liquid has been infused; when the weight of the hanging bottle decreases by less than or equal to 4 grams within 2 consecutive minutes, it is considered that the pipeline of the infusion set has been accidentally pressed or bent. The controller is used to judge the change of the quality of the hanging bottle, and if the alarm condition is met, the horn will be driven to give an alarm. At a lower cost, it achieves higher intelligence and avoids potential safety hazards caused by not taking medication in time according to regulations.
进一步，本发明采用自动控制系统能够实时监测自身工作状态，当连续5分钟监测到挂钩下没有吊瓶时，能够自动关机。在不增加护理人员工作量的情况下，达到节能的目的。Further, the present invention uses an automatic control system to monitor its own working status in real time, and when it is detected that there is no hanging bottle under the hook for 5 consecutive minutes, it can automatically shut down. It achieves the purpose of energy saving without increasing the workload of nursing staff.
进一步，本发明的输液报警器和控制系统成本低、精度高、体积小、操作简单、可靠性高、便于医疗机构大范围应用，为后续输液报警器和控制系统的研究提供了一种新的思路，具有非常重要的现实意义及研究价值。Furthermore, the infusion alarm and control system of the present invention are low in cost, high in precision, small in size, simple in operation, high in reliability, and are convenient for wide-scale application in medical institutions, and provide a new method for subsequent research on infusion alarms and control systems It has very important practical significance and research value.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和较佳实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明的控制系统原理示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the control system of the present invention;
图3为本发明自动控制系统的控制程序流程图。Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the control program of the automatic control system of the present invention.
图中，1为吊环；2为报警器面板；3为功能选择按钮；4为显示屏；5为取消报警按钮；6为挂钩；7为线控取消报警按钮；8为拉力传感器；9为信号调理电路；10为控制器；11为喇叭；12为电源。In the figure, 1 is the suspension ring; 2 is the alarm panel; 3 is the function selection button; 4 is the display screen; 5 is the cancel alarm button; 6 is the hook; 7 is the wire control cancel alarm button; 8 is the tension sensor; 9 is the signal Conditioning circuit; 10 is a controller; 11 is a loudspeaker; 12 is a power supply.
图2中，实线代表电能流向；虚线代表信号流向。In Figure 2, the solid line represents the flow of electric energy; the dotted line represents the flow of signal.
具体实施方式detailed description
一种输液报警器，能够同时对液体快滴完时和输液器管路被压到或折到影响液体滴注两种情况进行准确报警，输液报警器包括吊环1、挂钩6、电源12、拉力传感器8、信号调理电路9、控制器10、工作面板2、喇叭11等部分。其中：吊环1和挂钩6分别用于输液报警器与输液架和吊瓶的连接；电源12采用AAA电池，用于为整个报警控制电路提供电能；拉力传感器8直接与悬挂吊瓶的挂钩6连接，用于实时监测吊瓶质量；信号调理电路9主要采用运算放大器对拉力传感器8的输出信号进行调理，处理为满足控制器10接受范围的稳定模拟信号；控制器10采用至少具有1路AD通道和4路DI/DO通道的单片机。An infusion alarm that can accurately alarm both when the liquid is about to be dripped and when the infusion set pipeline is pressed or folded to affect the infusion of the liquid. The infusion alarm includes a suspension ring 1, a hook 6, a power supply 12, and a tension Sensor 8, signal conditioning circuit 9, controller 10, working panel 2, speaker 11 and other parts. Wherein: suspension ring 1 and hook 6 are respectively used for the connection of infusion alarm and infusion rack and hanging bottle; power supply 12 adopts AAA battery, is used for providing electric energy for the whole alarm control circuit; tension sensor 8 is directly connected with the hook 6 of hanging hanging bottle , for real-time monitoring of the quality of the bottle; the signal conditioning circuit 9 mainly uses an operational amplifier to condition the output signal of the tension sensor 8, and processes it as a stable analog signal that meets the acceptance range of the controller 10; the controller 10 adopts at least one AD channel And a microcontroller with 4 DI/DO channels.
控制器10用于判断吊瓶质量的变化情况，具体判断方法如下：Controller 10 is used for judging the changing situation of hanging bottle quality, and concrete judging method is as follows:
若满足报警条件则驱动喇叭11进行报警；当控制器10监测到挂钩上超过5分钟没有挂吊瓶时控制整个系统自动关机，以节省电能；所述的工作面板2包括功能选择按钮和显示屏4，用于选择和显示不同规格的吊瓶；报警器通过导线引出一个取消报警按钮7，以便于在护士和家属不在旁边的特殊情况下，病人能够直接操作取消报警。If the alarm condition is met, the horn 11 is driven to give an alarm; when the controller 10 detects that there is no hanging bottle on the hook for more than 5 minutes, it controls the automatic shutdown of the entire system to save power; the working panel 2 includes a function selection button and a display screen 4. It is used to select and display hanging bottles of different specifications; the alarm device leads a cancel alarm button 7 through the wire, so that the patient can directly operate and cancel the alarm when the nurse and family members are not around.
下面分别针对液体快滴完时和输液器管路被压到或折到影响液体滴注两种情况进行准确报警的情况进行说明：The following describes the two situations of accurate alarm when the liquid is about to run out and when the infusion set pipeline is pressed or folded to affect the liquid infusion:
实施例1Example 1
下面以输液报警器在吊瓶液体将要滴完时的报警为例，具体说明本发明输液报警器及其控制系统的工作原理。输液准备阶段，护理人员根据实际吊瓶规格，通过操作功能选择按钮选择相应选项。输液过程中，吊瓶中液体数量不断减少，拉力传感器8对吊瓶质量进行实时监测，并通过信号调理电路9将信号传递给控制器10，控制器10对当前测量值和设定报警阀值进行实时比较，当实时测量值持续5秒小于或等于设定报警阀值时，控制器10控制喇叭11进行报警，以提示护理人员、陪护或患者及时关闭输液器进行吊瓶切换或者拔针等操作。The working principle of the infusion alarm and its control system of the present invention will be specifically described below by taking the alarm of the infusion alarm when the liquid in the hanging bottle is about to run out as an example. In the infusion preparation stage, the nursing staff selects the corresponding option by operating the function selection button according to the actual bottle specifications. During the infusion process, the amount of liquid in the hanging bottle is continuously decreasing. The tension sensor 8 monitors the quality of the hanging bottle in real time, and transmits the signal to the controller 10 through the signal conditioning circuit 9. The controller 10 compares the current measured value and the set alarm threshold. Real-time comparison, when the real-time measured value is less than or equal to the set alarm threshold for 5 seconds, the controller 10 controls the horn 11 to give an alarm to remind the nurses, escorts or patients to turn off the infusion set in time to switch the suspension bottle or pull out the needle, etc. operate.
实施例2Example 2
下面以输液报警器在输液器管路被压到或折到影响正常输液时的报警为例，具体说明本发明输液报警器及其控制系统的工作原理。在正常输液过程中，可能存在病人因为翻身等情况不慎压到输液器管路或者将输液器管路反折影响正常输液，甚至造成输液停滞，影响正常给药，严重情况下可能造成医疗事故。控制器10通过信号调理电路9不断接收拉力传感器8的监测信号，当控制器10到的信号值尚未达到设定报警阀值，且信号值连续2分钟没有变化或者变化很慢(2分钟内质量变化小于等于4克)时及时进行报警，以提示护理人员、陪护或患者及时查看输液器状态，以免影响正常治疗。Taking the alarm of the infusion alarm when the pipeline of the infusion set is pressed or folded to affect the normal infusion as an example, the working principle of the infusion alarm and its control system of the present invention will be described in detail below. During the normal infusion process, there may be cases where the patient accidentally presses the infusion set pipeline or bends the infusion set pipeline due to circumstances such as turning over, which will affect the normal infusion, or even cause the infusion to stagnate, affecting the normal drug administration. In severe cases, it may cause medical accidents . The controller 10 constantly receives the monitoring signal of the tension sensor 8 through the signal conditioning circuit 9. When the signal value received by the controller 10 has not yet reached the set alarm threshold, and the signal value does not change for 2 minutes or changes very slowly (the mass within 2 minutes When the change is less than or equal to 4 grams), an alarm is given in time to remind the nurses, escorts or patients to check the status of the infusion set in time, so as not to affect the normal treatment.
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention can still be Modifications to the specific implementation of the invention or equivalent replacement of some technical features; without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the technical solution claimed in the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510671930.4ACN105233368B (en) | 2015-10-15 | 2015-10-15 | A kind of infusion alarm and control method thereof |
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| CN201510671930.4ACN105233368B (en) | 2015-10-15 | 2015-10-15 | A kind of infusion alarm and control method thereof |
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| CN105233368Atrue CN105233368A (en) | 2016-01-13 |
| CN105233368B CN105233368B (en) | 2019-04-26 |
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| CN201510671930.4AExpired - Fee RelatedCN105233368B (en) | 2015-10-15 | 2015-10-15 | A kind of infusion alarm and control method thereof |
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| CN104721919A (en)* | 2015-04-03 | 2015-06-24 | 杨家良 | Infusion monitoring alarm used in hospital ward |
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| CN103480063A (en)* | 2013-09-13 | 2014-01-01 | 中北大学 | Digital display transfusion alarming assistant |
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| CN205041897U (en)* | 2015-10-15 | 2016-02-24 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | Perfusion alarm |
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