技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光伏发电领域，具体是指垃圾焚烧发电厂的光伏发电系统及并网控制方法。The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation system and a grid-connected control method of a waste incineration power plant.
背景技术Background technique
一方面，垃圾焚烧发电厂进行垃圾焚烧发电前先要消耗电能进行垃圾处理；另一方面，垃圾焚烧发电厂周围按要求必须设置防护区，防护区多为闲置土地，造成一定的资源浪费。On the one hand, waste incineration power plants consume electricity for waste disposal before incinerating waste for power generation; on the other hand, protection zones must be set up around waste incineration power plants as required, and the protection zones are mostly idle land, resulting in a certain waste of resources.
另一方面，光伏发电本身具有不同于常规电源的随机性和间歇性的特点，一是光伏功率的注入对局部电网的电压质量和稳定性有很大影响，限制了光伏发电接入系统的方式和规模，二是光伏发电的原动力可控性不强，是否处于发电状态以及出功的大小受限于天气状况和光伏系统的性能，其并网运行对电网的电能质量和安全稳定运行构成一定的威胁。因此，由于光伏发电的不稳定性、孤岛效应等导致的电网运行及安全问题将极大限制光伏发电系统的并网供电。On the other hand, photovoltaic power generation itself has random and intermittent characteristics different from conventional power sources. First, the injection of photovoltaic power has a great impact on the voltage quality and stability of local power grids, which limits the way photovoltaic power generation can be connected to the system. Second, the controllability of the driving force of photovoltaic power generation is not strong. Whether it is in the power generation state and the size of the output is limited by the weather conditions and the performance of the photovoltaic system. Its grid-connected operation has a certain impact on the power quality and safe and stable operation of the grid. threat. Therefore, the grid operation and security problems caused by the instability of photovoltaic power generation and the island effect will greatly limit the grid-connected power supply of photovoltaic power generation systems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一在于提供垃圾焚烧发电厂的光伏发电系统，将光伏组件设置在垃圾焚烧发电厂其厂区建筑物屋顶或防护区的闲置土地，并利用太阳能发电减少厂区自身用电的运营成本，富余的电能还可以并网发电。One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation system for a waste incineration power plant, install photovoltaic modules on the roof of the building in the waste incineration power plant or idle land in the protection area, and use solar energy to generate electricity to reduce the operating cost of the power consumption of the plant itself , the surplus power can also be connected to the grid for power generation.
本发明的另一目的在于提供光伏发电系统的并网控制方法，使分散的光伏发电系统集中并网、统一监控调度。Another object of the present invention is to provide a grid-connected control method for photovoltaic power generation systems, so as to enable centralized grid-connection and unified monitoring and scheduling of scattered photovoltaic power generation systems.
垃圾焚烧发电厂的光伏发电系统，包括依次连接的光伏组件、防雷组件、太阳能控制组件、逆变组件、计量箱和分别与计量箱连接的本地配电柜、并网组件，太阳能控制组件还与蓄电池组连接；所述光伏组件包括多个安装在垃圾焚烧发电厂厂区建筑物屋顶或防护区的太阳能电池组，防雷组件包括多个防雷器，太阳能控制组件包括多个太阳能控制器，逆变组件包括多个逆变器，太阳能电池组、防雷器、太阳能控制器、逆变器依次一一对应连接；所述并网组件包括升压装置、集控中心和电力调度中心，升压装置分别与计量箱、集控中心、市电电网连接，升压装置分析集控中心采集的数据并由电力调度中心通过集控中心控制升压装置向市电电网并网供电。The photovoltaic power generation system of the waste incineration power plant includes photovoltaic modules, lightning protection components, solar control components, inverter components, metering boxes, local power distribution cabinets connected to the metering boxes, grid-connected components, and solar control components. It is connected with the storage battery; the photovoltaic module includes a plurality of solar battery groups installed on the roof or protection area of the building in the waste incineration power plant, the lightning protection module includes a plurality of lightning arresters, and the solar control module includes a plurality of solar controllers, The inverter component includes a plurality of inverters, and the solar battery pack, lightning protection device, solar controller, and inverter are connected one by one in sequence; the grid-connected component includes a booster device, a centralized control center, and a power dispatching The voltage booster is connected to the metering box, centralized control center, and mains grid respectively. The booster analyzes the data collected by the centralized control center, and the power dispatching center controls the booster to supply grid-connected power to the grid through the centralized control center.
光伏发电系统的并网控制方法是将小功率、分布式太阳能电池组互联集中并网并接受电力调度中心调度进行并网供电，具体过程为：各个太阳能电池组将转换的直流电能经过对应的防雷器、太阳能控制器接入对应的逆变器中，太阳能电池组转换的直流电能经太阳能控制器以最大功率输出，先向蓄电池组进行充电，蓄电池组充电完成后，逆变器将直流电能逆变为380V的工频交流电能，并通过计量箱分配至本地配电柜或并网组件，集控中心采集光伏发电系统中各项参数并发送至升压装置中进行分析判断并驱动升压装置动作，若所有参数正常则电力调度中心发送实施并网供电的指令并使升压装置与市电电网连通，若有参数不正常则升压装置与市电电网断开。The grid-connected control method of the photovoltaic power generation system is to connect small-power and distributed solar battery groups to the grid and receive dispatch from the power dispatching center for grid-connected power supply. The specific process is: each solar battery group converts the DC power through the corresponding protection The lightning device and the solar controller are connected to the corresponding inverter, and the DC power converted by the solar battery pack is output at the maximum power by the solar controller, and is charged to the battery pack first, and after the battery pack is charged, the inverter converts the DC power to the battery pack. Invert it into 380V power frequency AC power, and distribute it to the local power distribution cabinet or grid-connected components through the metering box. The centralized control center collects various parameters in the photovoltaic power generation system and sends them to the booster device for analysis and judgment and drives the booster The device operates, and if all parameters are normal, the power dispatching center will send an instruction to implement grid-connected power supply and connect the booster device with the mains grid. If any parameter is abnormal, the booster device will be disconnected from the mains grid.
所述光伏组件转换的直流电能经过太阳能控制器以最大功率输出并接入对应的逆变器中，同时经过太阳能控制器的直流电能先向蓄电池充电，待蓄电池组充电完成后，再由逆变器将直流电能转换为380V的工频交流电能，交流电能由集控中心并联后集中在同一个节点并网。The DC power converted by the photovoltaic module is output through the solar controller at maximum power and connected to the corresponding inverter. At the same time, the DC power through the solar controller is firstly charged to the battery, and after the charging of the battery pack is completed, the inverter The inverter converts the DC power into 380V power frequency AC power, and the AC power is connected in parallel by the centralized control center and concentrated at the same node for grid connection.
所述集控中心与电力调度中心远程通信，上报区域内光伏组件的环境参数以及光伏组件、太阳能控制组件、逆变组件、升压装置的工作状态并通过监测组件进行监控并执行启动、调整、停止的操作，同时接收电力调度中心的调度命令。本发明所涉及的并网控制方法将垃圾焚烧发电厂覆盖范围内的小功率、分布式的光伏发电系统利用通讯技术进行集中并网和远程调度控制，提高光伏发电系统接入市电电网进行并网供电的稳定性、可靠性和电力质量。The centralized control center communicates remotely with the power dispatching center, reports the environmental parameters of the photovoltaic components in the area and the working status of the photovoltaic components, solar control components, inverter components, and booster devices, and monitors and executes start-up, adjustment, stop operation, while receiving dispatch commands from the power dispatch center. The grid-connected control method involved in the present invention uses communication technology to perform centralized grid-connected and remote scheduling control of the low-power, distributed photovoltaic power generation system within the coverage of the waste incineration power plant, and improves the integration of the photovoltaic power generation system into the mains power grid. The stability, reliability and power quality of grid power supply.
所述太阳能电池组主要由多个依次串联的太阳能电池片组成，太阳能电池片为单晶硅电池片或多晶硅电池片或三五族化合物电池片中任意一个。所述太阳能电池组中的太阳能电池片可以是全部采用相同的电池片，也可以是采用不相同的电池片。The solar cell group is mainly composed of a plurality of solar cells connected in series in sequence, and the solar cells are any one of monocrystalline silicon cells, polycrystalline silicon cells or III-V compound cells. The solar battery pieces in the solar battery group may all use the same battery piece, or may use different battery pieces.
所述太阳能电池组、防雷器、太阳能控制器、逆变器依次一一对应连接，且多个逆变器相互并联后接入计量箱。The solar cell group, lightning protector, solar controller, and inverter are sequentially connected one by one, and multiple inverters are connected in parallel to each other and then connected to the metering box.
进一步地，所述升压装置包括依次串联的并网发电回路、驱动电路、逻辑电路、控制电路，控制电路的输入端、输出端之间还连接有升压通信接口。Further, the boosting device includes a grid-connected power generation circuit, a drive circuit, a logic circuit, and a control circuit connected in series in sequence, and a boost communication interface is connected between the input end and the output end of the control circuit.
进一步地，所述并网发电回路包括依次串联的输入保护开关、第一升压电路、第二升压电路、并网开关，输入保护开关的输入端接计量箱的输出端，并网开关的输出端与市电电网的输入端连接；所述驱动电路的第一输出端接输入保护开关的输入端，驱动电路的第二输出端接第一升压电路的输入端，驱动电路的第三输出端接第二升压电路的输入端，驱动电路的第四输出端接并网开关的输入端。Further, the grid-connected power generation circuit includes an input protection switch, a first boost circuit, a second boost circuit, and a grid-connected switch connected in series in sequence, the input end of the input protection switch is connected to the output end of the metering box, and the grid-connected switch The output end is connected to the input end of the commercial power grid; the first output end of the drive circuit is connected to the input end of the input protection switch, the second output end of the drive circuit is connected to the input end of the first booster circuit, and the third output end of the drive circuit is connected to the input end of the first booster circuit. The output end is connected to the input end of the second boost circuit, and the fourth output end of the drive circuit is connected to the input end of the grid-connected switch.
进一步地，所述集控中心包括控制装置和分别与控制装置连接的监测组件、集控通信接口，集控通信接口与升压通信接口对应连接；所述控制装置上集成有与电力调度中心连接的远程通信模块。Further, the centralized control center includes a control device, monitoring components respectively connected to the control device, and a centralized control communication interface, and the centralized control communication interface is correspondingly connected to the boost communication interface; remote communication module.
所述集控中心和升压装置通过相互连接的集控通信接口、升压通信接口建立通信通道。所述集控中心通过远程通信模块与电力调度中心建立远程通信通道。The centralized control center and booster device establish a communication channel through the interconnected centralized control communication interface and booster communication interface. The centralized control center establishes a remote communication channel with the power dispatching center through the remote communication module.
进一步地，所述监测组件包括温度传感器组、光照辐射度传感器组、霍尔电流传感器组、霍尔电压传感器组、频率传感器组、热像漏电流传感器组、第一升压电压检测电路、第二升压电压检测电路、第二升压相位检测电路、并网电流检测电路、电网电压检测电路和电网相位检测电路；所述温度传感器组、光照辐射度传感器组均设置在光伏组件的安装现场；所述霍尔电流传感器组、霍尔电压传感器组分别设置在太阳能控制器中；所述频率传感器组、热像漏电流传感器组分别设置在逆变组件中；所述第一升压电压检测电路与第一升压电路连接；所述第二升压电压检测电路、第二升压相位检测电路分别与第二升压电路连接；所述并网电流检测电路与并网开关连接；所述电网电压检测电路、电网相位检测电路分别与市电电网连接。Further, the monitoring component includes a temperature sensor group, an illumination radiation sensor group, a Hall current sensor group, a Hall voltage sensor group, a frequency sensor group, a thermal image leakage current sensor group, a first boost voltage detection circuit, a second The second boost voltage detection circuit, the second boost phase detection circuit, the grid-connected current detection circuit, the grid voltage detection circuit and the grid phase detection circuit; the temperature sensor group and the light radiation sensor group are all arranged at the installation site of the photovoltaic module The Hall current sensor group and the Hall voltage sensor group are respectively arranged in the solar controller; the frequency sensor group and the thermal image leakage current sensor group are respectively arranged in the inverter assembly; the first boost voltage detection The circuit is connected to the first boost circuit; the second boost voltage detection circuit and the second boost phase detection circuit are respectively connected to the second boost circuit; the grid-connected current detection circuit is connected to the grid-connected switch; the The grid voltage detection circuit and the grid phase detection circuit are respectively connected to the mains grid.
所述监测组件中的温度传感器组、光照辐射度传感器组、霍尔电流传感器组、霍尔电压传感器组、频率传感器组、热像漏电流传感器组分别采用MODBUS TCP/IP现场总线协议采集区域内对应信号数据。所述温度传感器组用于采集光伏组件安装环境的温度数据，光照辐射度传感器组用于采集光伏组件安装环境的光照数据。The temperature sensor group, the light radiation sensor group, the Hall current sensor group, the Hall voltage sensor group, the frequency sensor group, and the thermal image leakage current sensor group in the monitoring component respectively adopt the MODBUS TCP/IP field bus protocol to collect data in the area Corresponding signal data. The temperature sensor group is used to collect temperature data of the photovoltaic module installation environment, and the light radiation sensor group is used to collect light data of the photovoltaic module installation environment.
进一步地，所述并网组件还包括与集控中心连接的区域内电气控制装置。Further, the grid-connected component also includes an electrical control device in the area connected to the centralized control center.
所述区域内电气控制系统分别与逆变组件、集控中心连接。The electrical control system in the area is respectively connected with the inverter component and the centralized control center.
进一步地，所述太阳能控制器包括多个MPPT模块和多个二极管，太阳能电池组、MPPT模块、二极管依次一一对应连接，多个设置有直流转换器的MPPT模块相互串联；所述MPPT模块设置有与太阳能电池组的正极对应连接的正极输入端和与太阳能电池组的负极对应连接的负极输入端，直流转换器设置有与二极管的阴极对应连接的正极输出端和与二极管的阳极对应连接的负极输出端。Further, the solar controller includes a plurality of MPPT modules and a plurality of diodes, the solar cell group, the MPPT modules, and the diodes are sequentially connected one by one, and a plurality of MPPT modules provided with DC converters are connected in series; the MPPT modules are set There is a positive input end correspondingly connected to the positive pole of the solar cell group and a negative input end correspondingly connected to the negative pole of the solar cell group, and the DC converter is provided with a positive output end correspondingly connected to the cathode of the diode and a corresponding connection to the anode of the diode. Negative output terminal.
所述MPPT模块为最大功率点跟踪模块，用于控制太阳能电池组以最大功率输出。多个MPPT模块串联形成MPPT模块串。所述MPPT模块上集成有直流转换器，直流转换器将太阳能电池组输出的电流转化为相同的电流值，通过直流转换器使得光伏组件以恒流源的形式输出功率。所述太阳能电池片与MPPT模块一一对应连接且MPPT模块与二极管一一对应连接。The MPPT module is a maximum power point tracking module, which is used to control the solar cell group to output the maximum power. Multiple MPPT modules are connected in series to form an MPPT module string. The MPPT module is integrated with a DC converter, which converts the current output by the solar cell group into the same current value, and the photovoltaic module outputs power in the form of a constant current source through the DC converter. The solar cells are connected to the MPPT modules in a one-to-one correspondence, and the MPPT modules are connected to the diodes in a one-to-one correspondence.
多个太阳能电池片串联形成太阳能电池组，通过MPPT模块控制太阳能电池组工作在最大功率点，使得在部分太阳能电池片被遮挡时，太阳能电池组仍然能够输出此时能够输出的最大输出功率。避免现有技术中由于部分太阳能电池片被遮挡导致其他太阳能电池片的输出功率降低，从而导致光伏发电系统的发电效率低的问题，达到了提高光伏发电系统的发电效率的效果。另外，本实用新型中光伏组件以恒流源的形式输出功率，光伏组件通过串联集成，相比通过并联集成的恒压型光伏组件，本实用新型可提高系统电压等级，减小功率损耗，适用与大容量光伏发电系统应用。Multiple solar cells are connected in series to form a solar cell group, and the MPPT module controls the solar cell group to work at the maximum power point, so that when some solar cells are shaded, the solar cell group can still output the maximum output power that can be output at this time. This avoids the problem in the prior art that the output power of other solar cells is reduced due to partial solar cells being blocked, thereby resulting in low power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, and achieves the effect of improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system. In addition, the photovoltaic modules in the utility model output power in the form of a constant current source, and the photovoltaic modules are integrated in series. Compared with the constant voltage photovoltaic modules integrated in parallel, the utility model can improve the system voltage level and reduce power loss, and is suitable for It can be used with large-capacity photovoltaic power generation system.
当某个或多个MPPT模块故障或无电能输出时，在该MPPT模块对应的二极管两端会形成正向偏压使该二极管导通，MPPT模块串的工作电流会绕过故障或无电能输出MPPT模块，避免由于MPPT模块故障导致整个光伏组件中的电路中断的问题，而不影响光伏组件的正常工作和电能的正常输出。When one or more MPPT modules fail or have no power output, a forward bias voltage will be formed at both ends of the corresponding diode of the MPPT module to make the diode conduct, and the working current of the MPPT module string will bypass the fault or no power output. The MPPT module avoids the problem of circuit interruption in the entire photovoltaic module due to the failure of the MPPT module, without affecting the normal operation of the photovoltaic module and the normal output of electric energy.
进一步地，所述集控中心采集光伏发电系统中各项参数并发送至升压装置中进行分析判断并驱动升压装置动作，具体是指：集控中心中由控制装置对监测组件采集的数据进行处理，然后通过相互连接的集控通信接口、升压通信接口将处理后的数据发送至升压装置，升压装置中控制电路、逻辑电路对采集参数进行分析判断，并通过驱动电路控制并网发电回路的动作；具体步骤如下：Further, the centralized control center collects various parameters in the photovoltaic power generation system and sends them to the booster device for analysis and judgment and drives the booster device to act, specifically refers to: the data collected by the control device for the monitoring components in the centralized control center processing, and then send the processed data to the booster device through the interconnected centralized control communication interface and booster communication interface. The control circuit and logic circuit in the booster device analyze and judge the acquisition parameters, and control and The action of the grid power generation circuit; the specific steps are as follows:
步骤S1：监测组件分别通过霍尔电流传感器组采集太阳能控制组件输出的电流参数、通过霍尔电压传感器组采集太阳能控制组件输出的电压参数、通过频率传感器组采集逆变组件输出交流电能的频率参数、通过第一升压电压检测电路采集第一升压电路输出的第一升压参数、通过第二升压电压检测电路采集第二升压电路输出的第二升压参数、通过第二升压相位检测电路采集第二升压电路输出交流电能的相位参数、通过并网电流检测电路采集并网开关的并网电流参数、通过电网电压检测电路采集市电电网的电压参数、通过电网相位检测电路采集市电电网的相位参数，控制装置对采集数据进行整合或转换处理，通过相互连接的集控通信接口、升压通信接口将处理后的数据发送至升压装置；Step S1: The monitoring component collects the current parameters output by the solar control component through the Hall current sensor group, the voltage parameter output by the solar control component through the Hall voltage sensor group, and the frequency parameter of the AC power output by the inverter component through the frequency sensor group , collect the first boost parameter output by the first boost circuit through the first boost voltage detection circuit, collect the second boost parameter output by the second boost circuit through the second boost voltage detection circuit, and collect the second boost parameter output by the second boost circuit through the second boost voltage detection circuit. The phase detection circuit collects the phase parameters of the AC power output by the second booster circuit, collects the grid-connected current parameters of the grid-connected switch through the grid-connected current detection circuit, collects the voltage parameters of the mains power grid through the grid voltage detection circuit, and collects the voltage parameters of the mains grid through the grid-connected current detection circuit. Collect the phase parameters of the mains power grid, the control device integrates or converts the collected data, and sends the processed data to the booster device through the interconnected centralized control communication interface and booster communication interface;
步骤S2：升压装置中的控制电路、逻辑电路判断太阳能控制组件输出的电流参数、太阳能控制组件输出的电压参数、逆变组件输出交流电能的频率参数是否正常，若都正常则控制电路输出控制信号并通过驱动电路接通输入保护开关，太阳能电池组输出的交流电压接入并网发电回路中，然后控制电路输出驱动信号并通过驱动电路使第一升压电路开始工作；若任意一个参数不正常则断开输入保护开关并返回步骤S1；Step S2: The control circuit and logic circuit in the booster device judge whether the current parameters output by the solar control component, the voltage parameters output by the solar control component, and the frequency parameters of the AC power output by the inverter component are normal, and if they are all normal, the control circuit outputs control The signal is connected to the input protection switch through the drive circuit, the AC voltage output by the solar battery pack is connected to the grid-connected power generation circuit, and then the control circuit outputs the drive signal and the first booster circuit starts to work through the drive circuit; if any parameter is not If normal, disconnect the input protection switch and return to step S1;
步骤S3：控制电路判断第一升压电路输出的第一升压参数是否在设定范围内，若是则输出驱动信号并通过驱动电路使第二升压电路开始工作；若否则断开输入保护电路并返回步骤S1；Step S3: The control circuit judges whether the first boosting parameter output by the first boosting circuit is within the set range, and if so, outputs a driving signal and makes the second boosting circuit work through the driving circuit; otherwise, disconnects the input protection circuit And return to step S1;
步骤S4：控制电路判断第二升压电路输出的第二升压参数与市电电网的电压参数是否处于设定范围内，同时控制电路判断第二升压电路输出交流电能的相位参数与市电电网的相位参数是否同相，若都是则控制电路输出控制信号并通过驱动电路闭合并网开关使第二升压电路与市电电网电连接；若任意一个参数不满足要求则断开输入保护电路并返回步骤S1；Step S4: The control circuit judges whether the second boosting parameter output by the second boosting circuit and the voltage parameter of the mains power grid are within the set range, and at the same time, the control circuit judges whether the phase parameter of the AC power output by the second boosting circuit is consistent with the mains voltage. Whether the phase parameters of the power grid are in phase, if they are, the control circuit outputs a control signal and closes the grid-connected switch through the drive circuit to electrically connect the second booster circuit to the mains grid; if any parameter does not meet the requirements, the input protection circuit is disconnected And return to step S1;
步骤S5：控制电路判断并网电流参数是否在设定范围内，若是则并网开关保持闭合且控制电路通过相互连通的升压通信接口、集控通信接口向控制装置发送反馈信号，控制装置通过远程通信模块与电力调度中心建立远程连接并由电力调度中心通过集控中心对升压装置向市电电网并网供电进行远程控制，此时，太阳能电池组转化的电能依次通过防雷组件、太阳能控制器、逆变组件、计量箱、并网发电回路输出的交流电耦合至市电电网进行并网供电，若并网电流参数不在设定范围内则断开并网开关并返回步骤S1；Step S5: The control circuit judges whether the grid-connected current parameter is within the set range. If so, the grid-connected switch remains closed and the control circuit sends a feedback signal to the control device through the interconnected boost communication interface and centralized control communication interface. The control device passes The remote communication module establishes a remote connection with the power dispatching center, and the power dispatching center remotely controls the booster device to supply power to the mains grid through the centralized control center. The AC output from the controller, the inverter component, the metering box, and the grid-connected power generation circuit is coupled to the mains grid for grid-connected power supply. If the grid-connected current parameter is not within the set range, turn off the grid-connected switch and return to step S1;
步骤S6：在并网供电的过程中，若控制电路判断监测组件采集的任意一个参数出现异常，则输出控制信号断开输入保护开关、并网开关并返回步骤S1，停止并网供电。Step S6: During the grid-connected power supply process, if the control circuit judges that any parameter collected by the monitoring component is abnormal, the output control signal turns off the input protection switch and the grid-connected switch, and returns to step S1 to stop the grid-connected power supply.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点及有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
（1）本发明充分利用闲置土地资源，将光伏组件设置在垃圾焚烧发电厂其厂区建筑物屋顶或防护区的闲置土地，并利用太阳能发电减少厂区自身用电的运营成本，富余的电能还可以并网发电，进一步减少二氧化碳、二氧化硫等有害气体排放，节能减排；(1) The present invention makes full use of idle land resources, installs photovoltaic modules on the roof of buildings in waste incineration power plants or idle land in protection areas, and uses solar energy to generate electricity to reduce the operating cost of power consumption in the plant area. The surplus electric energy can also be Grid-connected power generation, further reducing carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other harmful gas emissions, energy saving and emission reduction;
（2）本发明提供了光伏发电系统的并网控制方法，使分散的光伏发电系统集中并网、统一监控调度。(2) The present invention provides a grid-connected control method for a photovoltaic power generation system, which enables centralized grid-connection and unified monitoring and scheduling of scattered photovoltaic power generation systems.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为光伏发电系统的连接关系框图。Figure 1 is a block diagram of the connection relationship of the photovoltaic power generation system.
图2为并网组件的连接关系框图。Figure 2 is a block diagram of the connection relationship of grid-connected components.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。另外，为了更好的说明本发明，在下文的具体实施方式中给出了众多的具体细节。本领域技术人员将理解，没有这些具体细节，本发明同样可以实施。在另外一些实例中，对于大家熟知的方法、流程、元件和电路未作详细描述，以便于凸显本发明的主旨。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. In addition, in order to better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details are given in the specific embodiments below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, processes, components and circuits are not described in detail so as to highlight the gist of the present invention.
实施例1：Example 1:
本实施例的垃圾焚烧发电厂的光伏发电系统，如图1所示，主要是通过下述技术方案实现：垃圾焚烧发电厂的光伏发电系统，包括依次连接的光伏组件、防雷组件、太阳能控制组件、逆变组件、计量箱和分别与计量箱连接的本地配电柜、并网组件，太阳能控制组件还与蓄电池组连接；所述光伏组件包括多个安装在垃圾焚烧发电厂厂区建筑物屋顶或防护区的太阳能电池组，防雷组件包括多个防雷器，太阳能控制组件包括多个太阳能控制器，逆变组件包括多个逆变器，太阳能电池组、防雷器、太阳能控制器、逆变器依次一一对应连接；所述并网组件包括升压装置、集控中心和电力调度中心，升压装置分别与计量箱、集控中心、市电电网连接，升压装置分析集控中心采集的数据并由电力调度中心通过集控中心控制升压装置向市电电网并网供电。The photovoltaic power generation system of the waste incineration power plant of this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, is mainly realized through the following technical solutions: the photovoltaic power generation system of the waste incineration power plant includes sequentially connected photovoltaic modules, lightning protection components, solar control components, inverter components, metering boxes, local power distribution cabinets connected to the metering boxes, and grid-connected components, and solar control components are also connected to battery packs; the photovoltaic components include multiple Or the solar battery pack in the protected area, the lightning protection component includes multiple lightning protectors, the solar control component includes multiple solar controllers, the inverter component includes multiple inverters, solar battery packs, lightning protectors, solar controllers, The inverters are connected one by one in sequence; the grid-connected components include a booster device, a centralized control center, and a power dispatching center. The data collected by the center is controlled by the power dispatching center through the centralized control center to control the booster device to supply grid-connected power to the mains grid.
光伏发电系统的并网控制方法是将小功率、分布式太阳能电池组互联集中并网并接受电力调度中心调度进行并网供电，具体过程为：各个太阳能电池组将转换的直流电能经过对应的防雷器、太阳能控制器接入对应的逆变器中，太阳能电池组转换的直流电能经太阳能控制器以最大功率输出，先向蓄电池组进行充电，蓄电池组充电完成后，逆变器将直流电能逆变为380V的工频交流电能，并通过计量箱分配至本地配电柜或并网组件，集控中心采集光伏发电系统中各项参数并发送至升压装置中进行分析判断并驱动升压装置动作，若所有参数正常则电力调度中心发送实施并网供电的指令并使升压装置与市电电网连通，若有参数不正常则升压装置与市电电网断开。The grid-connected control method of the photovoltaic power generation system is to connect small-power and distributed solar battery groups to the grid and receive dispatch from the power dispatching center for grid-connected power supply. The specific process is: each solar battery group converts the DC power through the corresponding protection The lightning device and the solar controller are connected to the corresponding inverter, and the DC power converted by the solar battery pack is output at the maximum power by the solar controller, and is charged to the battery pack first, and after the battery pack is charged, the inverter converts the DC power to the battery pack. Invert it into 380V power frequency AC power, and distribute it to the local power distribution cabinet or grid-connected components through the metering box. The centralized control center collects various parameters in the photovoltaic power generation system and sends them to the booster device for analysis and judgment and drives the booster The device operates, and if all parameters are normal, the power dispatching center will send an instruction to implement grid-connected power supply and connect the booster device with the mains grid. If any parameter is abnormal, the booster device will be disconnected from the mains grid.
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例在上述实施例基础上做进一步优化，如图2所示，进一步地，所述升压装置包括依次串联的并网发电回路、驱动电路、逻辑电路、控制电路，控制电路的输入端、输出端之间还连接有升压通信接口。本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例相同，故不再赘述。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2, further, the booster device includes a grid-connected power generation circuit, a drive circuit, a logic circuit, a control circuit, and an input terminal of the control circuit in series. and the output terminals are also connected with a boost communication interface. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the foregoing embodiments, so details are not repeated here.
实施例3：Example 3:
本实施例在上述实施例基础上做进一步优化，如图2所示，进一步地，所述并网发电回路包括依次串联的输入保护开关、第一升压电路、第二升压电路、并网开关，输入保护开关的输入端接计量箱的输出端，并网开关的输出端与市电电网的输入端连接；所述驱动电路的第一输出端接输入保护开关的输入端，驱动电路的第二输出端接第一升压电路的输入端，驱动电路的第三输出端接第二升压电路的输入端，驱动电路的第四输出端接并网开关的输入端。本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例相同，故不再赘述。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, further, the grid-connected power generation circuit includes an input protection switch, a first boost circuit, a second boost circuit, a grid-connected switch, the input end of the input protection switch is connected to the output end of the metering box, the output end of the grid-connected switch is connected to the input end of the mains grid; the first output end of the drive circuit is connected to the input end of the input protection switch, and the output end of the drive circuit The second output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first boosting circuit, the third output terminal of the driving circuit is connected to the input terminal of the second boosting circuit, and the fourth output terminal of the driving circuit is connected to the input terminal of the grid-connected switch. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the foregoing embodiments, so details are not repeated here.
实施例4：Example 4:
本实施例在上述实施例基础上做进一步优化，如图2所示，进一步地，所述集控中心包括控制装置和分别与控制装置连接的监测组件、集控通信接口，集控通信接口与升压通信接口对应连接；所述控制装置上集成有与电力调度中心连接的远程通信模块。本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例相同，故不再赘述。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2, further, the centralized control center includes a control device, a monitoring component connected to the control device, a centralized control communication interface, and the centralized control communication interface and The boost communication interface is connected correspondingly; the remote communication module connected with the power dispatching center is integrated on the control device. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the foregoing embodiments, so details are not repeated here.
实施例5：Example 5:
本实施例在上述实施例基础上做进一步优化，进一步地，所述监测组件包括温度传感器组、光照辐射度传感器组、霍尔电流传感器组、霍尔电压传感器组、频率传感器组、热像漏电流传感器组、第一升压电压检测电路、第二升压电压检测电路、第二升压相位检测电路、并网电流检测电路、电网电压检测电路和电网相位检测电路；所述温度传感器组、光照辐射度传感器组均设置在光伏组件的安装现场；所述霍尔电流传感器组、霍尔电压传感器组分别设置在太阳能控制器中；所述频率传感器组、热像漏电流传感器组分别设置在逆变组件中；所述第一升压电压检测电路与第一升压电路连接；所述第二升压电压检测电路、第二升压相位检测电路分别与第二升压电路连接；所述并网电流检测电路与并网开关连接；所述电网电压检测电路、电网相位检测电路分别与市电电网连接。本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例相同，故不再赘述。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above embodiments. Further, the monitoring components include a temperature sensor group, an illumination radiation sensor group, a Hall current sensor group, a Hall voltage sensor group, a frequency sensor group, and a thermal image leakage sensor group. A current sensor group, a first boosted voltage detection circuit, a second boosted voltage detection circuit, a second boosted phase detection circuit, a grid-connected current detection circuit, a grid voltage detection circuit, and a grid phase detection circuit; the temperature sensor group, The photoradiance sensor groups are all arranged on the installation site of the photovoltaic module; the Hall current sensor group and the Hall voltage sensor group are respectively arranged in the solar controller; the frequency sensor group and the thermal image leakage current sensor group are respectively arranged in the In the inverter assembly; the first boost voltage detection circuit is connected to the first boost circuit; the second boost voltage detection circuit and the second boost phase detection circuit are respectively connected to the second boost circuit; The grid-connected current detection circuit is connected to the grid-connected switch; the grid voltage detection circuit and the grid phase detection circuit are respectively connected to the mains grid. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the foregoing embodiments, so details are not repeated here.
实施例6：Embodiment 6:
本实施例在上述实施例基础上做进一步优化，进一步地，所述并网组件还包括与集控中心连接的区域内电气控制装置。本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例相同，故不再赘述。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above embodiments. Further, the grid-connected component further includes an electrical control device in the area connected to the centralized control center. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the foregoing embodiments, so details are not repeated here.
实施例7：Embodiment 7:
本实施例在上述实施例基础上做进一步优化，进一步地，所述太阳能控制器包括多个MPPT模块和多个二极管，太阳能电池组、MPPT模块、二极管依次一一对应连接，多个设置有直流转换器的MPPT模块相互串联；所述MPPT模块设置有与太阳能电池组的正极对应连接的正极输入端和与太阳能电池组的负极对应连接的负极输入端，直流转换器设置有与二极管的阴极对应连接的正极输出端和与二极管的阳极对应连接的负极输出端。本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例相同，故不再赘述。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above embodiments. Further, the solar controller includes a plurality of MPPT modules and a plurality of diodes. The MPPT modules of the converter are connected in series; the MPPT module is provided with a positive input terminal correspondingly connected to the positive pole of the solar battery group and a negative terminal input terminal correspondingly connected to the negative pole of the solar battery group, and the DC converter is provided with a terminal corresponding to the cathode of the diode. The positive output end connected to the diode and the negative output end correspondingly connected to the anode of the diode. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the foregoing embodiments, so details are not repeated here.
实施例8：Embodiment 8:
本实施例在上述实施例基础上做进一步优化，进一步地，所述集控中心采集光伏发电系统中各项参数并发送至升压装置中进行分析判断并驱动升压装置动作，具体是指：集控中心中由控制装置对监测组件采集的数据进行处理，然后通过相互连接的集控通信接口、升压通信接口将处理后的数据发送至升压装置，升压装置中控制电路、逻辑电路对采集参数进行分析判断，并通过驱动电路控制并网发电回路的动作；具体步骤如下：This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above embodiments. Further, the centralized control center collects various parameters in the photovoltaic power generation system and sends them to the booster device for analysis and judgment and drives the booster device to act, specifically referring to: In the centralized control center, the control device processes the data collected by the monitoring components, and then sends the processed data to the booster device through the interconnected centralized control communication interface and booster communication interface. The control circuit and logic circuit in the booster device Analyze and judge the collected parameters, and control the action of the grid-connected power generation circuit through the drive circuit; the specific steps are as follows:
步骤S1：监测组件分别通过霍尔电流传感器组采集太阳能控制组件输出的电流参数、通过霍尔电压传感器组采集太阳能控制组件输出的电压参数、通过频率传感器组采集逆变组件输出交流电能的频率参数、通过第一升压电压检测电路采集第一升压电路输出的第一升压参数、通过第二升压电压检测电路采集第二升压电路输出的第二升压参数、通过第二升压相位检测电路采集第二升压电路输出交流电能的相位参数、通过并网电流检测电路采集并网开关的并网电流参数、通过电网电压检测电路采集市电电网的电压参数、通过电网相位检测电路采集市电电网的相位参数，控制装置对采集数据进行整合或转换处理，通过相互连接的集控通信接口、升压通信接口将处理后的数据发送至升压装置；Step S1: The monitoring component collects the current parameters output by the solar control component through the Hall current sensor group, the voltage parameter output by the solar control component through the Hall voltage sensor group, and the frequency parameter of the AC power output by the inverter component through the frequency sensor group , collect the first boost parameter output by the first boost circuit through the first boost voltage detection circuit, collect the second boost parameter output by the second boost circuit through the second boost voltage detection circuit, and collect the second boost parameter output by the second boost circuit through the second boost voltage detection circuit. The phase detection circuit collects the phase parameters of the AC power output by the second booster circuit, collects the grid-connected current parameters of the grid-connected switch through the grid-connected current detection circuit, collects the voltage parameters of the mains power grid through the grid voltage detection circuit, and collects the voltage parameters of the mains grid through the grid-connected current detection circuit. Collect the phase parameters of the mains power grid, the control device integrates or converts the collected data, and sends the processed data to the booster device through the interconnected centralized control communication interface and booster communication interface;
步骤S2：升压装置中的控制电路、逻辑电路判断太阳能控制组件输出的电流参数、太阳能控制组件输出的电压参数、逆变组件输出交流电能的频率参数是否正常，若都正常则控制电路输出控制信号并通过驱动电路接通输入保护开关，太阳能电池组输出的交流电压接入并网发电回路中，然后控制电路输出驱动信号并通过驱动电路使第一升压电路开始工作；若任意一个参数不正常则断开输入保护开关并返回步骤S1；Step S2: The control circuit and logic circuit in the booster device judge whether the current parameters output by the solar control component, the voltage parameters output by the solar control component, and the frequency parameters of the AC power output by the inverter component are normal, and if they are all normal, the control circuit outputs control The signal is connected to the input protection switch through the drive circuit, the AC voltage output by the solar battery pack is connected to the grid-connected power generation circuit, and then the control circuit outputs the drive signal and the first booster circuit starts to work through the drive circuit; if any parameter is not If normal, disconnect the input protection switch and return to step S1;
步骤S3：控制电路判断第一升压电路输出的第一升压参数是否在设定范围内，若是则输出驱动信号并通过驱动电路使第二升压电路开始工作；若否则断开输入保护电路并返回步骤S1；Step S3: The control circuit judges whether the first boosting parameter output by the first boosting circuit is within the set range, and if so, outputs a driving signal and makes the second boosting circuit work through the driving circuit; otherwise, disconnects the input protection circuit And return to step S1;
步骤S4：控制电路判断第二升压电路输出的第二升压参数与市电电网的电压参数是否处于设定范围内，同时控制电路判断第二升压电路输出交流电能的相位参数与市电电网的相位参数是否同相，若都是则控制电路输出控制信号并通过驱动电路闭合并网开关使第二升压电路与市电电网电连接；若任意一个参数不满足要求则断开输入保护电路并返回步骤S1；Step S4: The control circuit judges whether the second boosting parameter output by the second boosting circuit and the voltage parameter of the mains power grid are within the set range, and at the same time, the control circuit judges whether the phase parameter of the AC power output by the second boosting circuit is consistent with the mains voltage. Whether the phase parameters of the power grid are in phase, if they are, the control circuit outputs a control signal and closes the grid-connected switch through the drive circuit to electrically connect the second booster circuit to the mains grid; if any parameter does not meet the requirements, the input protection circuit is disconnected And return to step S1;
步骤S5：控制电路判断并网电流参数是否在设定范围内，若是则并网开关保持闭合且控制电路通过相互连通的升压通信接口、集控通信接口向控制装置发送反馈信号，控制装置通过远程通信模块与电力调度中心建立远程连接并由电力调度中心通过集控中心对升压装置向市电电网并网供电进行远程控制，此时，太阳能电池组转化的电能依次通过防雷组件、太阳能控制器、逆变组件、计量箱、并网发电回路输出的交流电耦合至市电电网进行并网供电，若并网电流参数不在设定范围内则断开并网开关并返回步骤S1；Step S5: The control circuit judges whether the grid-connected current parameter is within the set range. If so, the grid-connected switch remains closed and the control circuit sends a feedback signal to the control device through the interconnected boost communication interface and centralized control communication interface. The control device passes The remote communication module establishes a remote connection with the power dispatching center, and the power dispatching center remotely controls the booster device to supply power to the mains grid through the centralized control center. The AC output from the controller, the inverter component, the metering box, and the grid-connected power generation circuit is coupled to the mains grid for grid-connected power supply. If the grid-connected current parameter is not within the set range, turn off the grid-connected switch and return to step S1;
步骤S6：在并网供电的过程中，若控制电路判断监测组件采集的任意一个参数出现异常，则输出控制信号断开输入保护开关、并网开关并返回步骤S1，停止并网供电。Step S6: During the grid-connected power supply process, if the control circuit judges that any parameter collected by the monitoring component is abnormal, the output control signal turns off the input protection switch and the grid-connected switch, and returns to step S1 to stop the grid-connected power supply.
本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例相同，故不再赘述。Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the foregoing embodiments, so details are not repeated here.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention all fall within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.
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