技术领域technical field
本发明涉及高能粒子加速技术，尤其涉及一种激光脉冲开关装置及其控制方法。The invention relates to high-energy particle acceleration technology, in particular to a laser pulse switch device and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
啁啾激光脉冲放大系统(CPA)提出后，激光器的峰值功率飞跃发展，激光脉冲峰值功率可达数PW(1015W)，激光脉冲的光强可达1022W/cm2。这类强场激光脉冲被广泛应用于激光与靶的相互作用中。尤其激光脉冲与靶场相互作用时，由于激光脉冲与靶场作用后，激光将破坏掉靶，因此在下一发激光脉冲与靶场作用时，需要重新更换靶，这使得激光脉冲与靶场作用时，往往希望激光脉冲能够被人为控制地实现单发激射。然而实际激光器是有一定重复频率的，目前在百太瓦(TW)和拍瓦(PW)激光器的重复频率多在0.1到10Hz，这样的重复频率激光器无法直接与靶场作用。激光与靶场作用需要激光单发激射，为了实现百TW或PW激光系统的单发激射，需要在激光系统中加入开关，当开关人为打开时，此时激光输出一个脉冲与靶相互作用，由此激光器实现单发激射。After the chirped laser pulse amplification system (CPA) was proposed, the peak power of the laser developed rapidly. The peak power of the laser pulse can reach several PW (1015 W), and the light intensity of the laser pulse can reach 1022 W/cm2. Such high-field laser pulses are widely used in laser-target interactions. Especially when the laser pulse interacts with the shooting range, since the laser will destroy the target after the laser pulse interacts with the shooting range, the target needs to be replaced when the next laser pulse interacts with the shooting range. Laser pulses can be artificially controlled to achieve single-shot lasing. However, the actual laser has a certain repetition rate. At present, the repetition frequency of the hundred terawatt (TW) and petawatt (PW) lasers is mostly in the range of 0.1 to 10 Hz. Such a repetition rate laser cannot directly interact with the shooting range. The interaction between the laser and the shooting range requires a single shot of the laser. In order to realize the single shot of the 100TW or PW laser system, a switch needs to be added to the laser system. When the switch is turned on artificially, the laser outputs a pulse to interact with the target. The laser thus achieves single-shot lasing.
常见的CPA技术如图1所示，一个振荡器产生超短脉冲(脉冲宽度通常为皮秒或飞秒量级)作为种子源，经过展宽器对脉冲进行时间展宽后获得长脉冲(脉宽长度几十皮秒到纳秒量级，具体展宽后的脉宽长度取决于最终需要放大的能量)，利用放大器系统对已经展宽的长脉冲进行能量放大获得高能量脉冲，高能量脉冲最后通过压缩器将脉冲的时间尺度压缩到最小(回到种子源的脉宽量级)从而获得高峰值功率的强场激光脉冲。对于脉宽为25fs的百TW量级的激光，需要将种子源放大到几个焦耳，然而常用的种子源的能量通常为nJ量级，1个放大器无法实现激光脉冲能量的放大，通常是利用多个放大器将激光脉冲逐步放大，对于PW激光亦是如此，需要多个放大器实现激光脉冲能量放大。The common CPA technology is shown in Figure 1. An oscillator generates an ultrashort pulse (pulse width is usually on the order of picoseconds or femtoseconds) as a seed source, and a long pulse (pulse width length Tens of picoseconds to nanoseconds, the specific length of the pulse width after stretching depends on the final energy that needs to be amplified), the amplifier system is used to amplify the energy of the long pulse that has been stretched to obtain a high-energy pulse, and the high-energy pulse finally passes through the compressor Compress the time scale of the pulse to the minimum (back to the pulse width of the seed source) to obtain high-peak power strong-field laser pulses. For a laser with a pulse width of 100 TW with a pulse width of 25 fs, it is necessary to amplify the seed source to several joules. However, the energy of the commonly used seed source is usually on the order of nJ, and one amplifier cannot achieve the amplification of laser pulse energy. Multiple amplifiers amplify the laser pulse step by step, and the same is true for PW lasers. Multiple amplifiers are needed to amplify the laser pulse energy.
对于激光器的放大器系统而言，通常为了让激光器稳定，放大器系统设置如图2，种子源首先通过一个KHz激光器放大到mJ量级，然后利用普克尔盒将KHz激光脉冲频率降低为Hz量级，再利用多个多通放大器进一步对激光脉冲能量放大。考虑到激光脉冲的损伤能量，激光脉冲能量越高，光斑尺寸越大，所以，如果在KHz激光器放大后加入开关可实现单发，并且开关的口径也较小，但是后面的多通放大没有种子光将泵浦能量萃取，激光器的热效应等将和激光器在按一定重复频率是不同的，此时单发运转激光将损害激光的稳定性。如果在放大器系统之后加入开关，可以避免损害激光稳定性，但是此时光斑尺寸太大，对于百TW激光器，尺寸都在数十mm，这样的开关价格昂贵，自己制作困难，并且大口径开关由于用在能量较高的位置，所以在关闭瞬间带来的回光对百TW激光器存在巨大危害。For the laser amplifier system, usually in order to stabilize the laser, the amplifier system is set up as shown in Figure 2. The seed source is first amplified to the mJ level by a KHz laser, and then the KHz laser pulse frequency is reduced to the Hz level by using a Pockels cell , and then use multiple multi-pass amplifiers to further amplify the laser pulse energy. Considering the damage energy of the laser pulse, the higher the energy of the laser pulse, the larger the spot size. Therefore, if a switch is added after the KHz laser is amplified, a single shot can be achieved, and the aperture of the switch is also small, but there is no seed for the subsequent multi-pass amplification The light will extract the pumping energy, and the thermal effect of the laser will be different from that of the laser at a certain repetition rate. At this time, the single-shot operation of the laser will damage the stability of the laser. If a switch is added after the amplifier system, damage to the laser stability can be avoided, but the spot size is too large at this time. For hundreds of TW lasers, the size is tens of mm. It is used in a position with high energy, so the return light brought at the moment of shutdown has great harm to the 100 TW laser.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对以上现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提出了一种激光脉冲开关装置及其控制方法，实现了激光脉冲的单发激射。Aiming at the above problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a laser pulse switching device and a control method thereof, which realize single-shot laser pulse firing.
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种激光脉冲开关装置。An object of the present invention is to provide a laser pulse switching device.
本发明的激光脉冲开关装置，设置在啁啾激光脉冲放大系统中，啁啾激光脉冲放大系统包括：振荡器、展宽器、放大器系统和压缩器；其中，振荡器产生超短激光脉冲作为种子源，经过展宽器对超短激光脉冲进行时间展宽后获得长激光脉冲，放大器系统对已经展宽的长激光脉冲进行能量放大获得高能量激光脉冲，高能量激光脉冲最后通过压缩器将激光脉冲的时间尺度压缩到种子源的脉宽量级；放大器系统包括KHz放大器、普克尔盒和多通放大器组，两个泵浦源分别为KHz放大器和多通放大器组提供泵浦光，来自展宽器的长激光脉冲作为主光，经过KHz放大器放大后，由普克尔盒降低频率，进入多通放大器组，对主光能量进行放大；激光脉冲开关装置包括：激光同步信号发生器、延迟器、第一开关和第二开关；其中，第一开关设置在普克尔盒之后，多通放大器组之前，或者放置在多通放大器组中；第二开关放置在多通放大器组之后，靶场之前；第一开关为小口径的高速开关，第二开关为大口径的慢速开关；当第一开关打开，第二开关关闭，后续的靶场没有激光脉冲；关闭第一开关，打开第二开关，激光同步信号发生器产生激光同步信号输入至延迟器，延迟器产生一个延迟的晶体管-晶体管逻辑TTL数字信号，作为触发信号，驱动第一开关打开，并且在一个激光脉冲信号输出至后续的靶场后，第一开关关闭，触发信号是单脉冲，第一开关只打开一次，实现激光脉冲单发激射。The laser pulse switching device of the present invention is set in a chirped laser pulse amplification system, and the chirped laser pulse amplification system includes: an oscillator, a stretcher, an amplifier system and a compressor; wherein, the oscillator generates an ultrashort laser pulse as a seed source , the ultra-short laser pulse is time-stretched by a stretcher to obtain a long laser pulse, and the amplifier system amplifies the energy of the stretched long laser pulse to obtain a high-energy laser pulse. Compressed to the pulse width level of the seed source; the amplifier system includes a KHz amplifier, a Pockels cell and a multi-pass amplifier group, two pump sources provide pump light for the KHz amplifier and a multi-pass amplifier group respectively, and the long The laser pulse is used as the main light, after being amplified by the KHz amplifier, the frequency is lowered by the Pockels cell, and then enters the multi-pass amplifier group to amplify the energy of the main light; the laser pulse switching device includes: a laser synchronous signal generator, a delayer, a first switch and the second switch; wherein, the first switch is arranged after the Pockels cell, before the multi-pass amplifier group, or placed in the multi-pass amplifier group; the second switch is placed after the multi-pass amplifier group, before the range; the first The switch is a small-caliber high-speed switch, and the second switch is a large-caliber slow switch; when the first switch is turned on, the second switch is turned off, and there is no laser pulse in the subsequent shooting range; the first switch is turned off, the second switch is turned on, and the laser synchronization signal The generator generates a laser synchronization signal and inputs it to the delayer, and the delayer generates a delayed transistor-transistor logic TTL digital signal as a trigger signal to drive the first switch to open, and after a laser pulse signal is output to the subsequent shooting range, the first The switch is turned off, the trigger signal is a single pulse, and the first switch is only turned on once to realize the single laser pulse lasing.
第一开关要将重复频率小于10Hz的激光脉冲选择1个出来，因此，第一开光从开到关的时间要小于100ms，第一开关可选用快速机械快门。而第二开关的开关时间没有要求，但是为了减小等待时间，以及减小没有红光萃取泵浦光能量导致的多通放大器组的热效应问题，第二开关从关到开的时间小于10s最优，第二开关由于时间上的要求放宽，可以选择一个挡光板，放在一个电动平移台上快速推进光路实现关闭状态，快速移出光路实现打开状态。The first switch should select one laser pulse with a repetition rate of less than 10 Hz. Therefore, the time from on to off of the first light should be less than 100 ms, and the first switch can use a fast mechanical shutter. There is no requirement for the switching time of the second switch, but in order to reduce the waiting time and reduce the thermal effect of the multi-pass amplifier group caused by the lack of red light extraction pump light energy, the time from closing to opening of the second switch should be less than 10s at most. Excellent, the second switch is relaxed due to time requirements, you can choose a light baffle, put it on an electric translation platform to quickly advance the optical path to achieve the closed state, and quickly move out of the optical path to achieve the open state.
对于百TW激光，第一开关的口径在10mm～40mm之间；第二开关的口径大于80mm。For a hundred TW laser, the aperture of the first switch is between 10mm and 40mm; the aperture of the second switch is larger than 80mm.
第一开关可以设置在普克尔盒与多通放大器组之间，或者根据第一开关口径的大小来具体选择，第一开关放置在多通放大器组中光束的直径小于第一开关的直径的位置。The first switch can be arranged between the Pockels cell and the multi-pass amplifier group, or specifically selected according to the size of the first switch aperture, the first switch is placed in the multi-pass amplifier group and the diameter of the beam is smaller than the diameter of the first switch Location.
第二开关的位置放置在多通放大器组之后，压缩器之前；或者放置在压缩器之后，靶场之前，便于打靶时就近操作。The position of the second switch is placed after the multi-channel amplifier group and before the compressor; or after the compressor and before the shooting range, which is convenient for nearby operation when shooting.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种激光脉冲开关装置的控制方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a laser pulse switching device.
本发明的激光脉冲开关装置的控制方法，包括以下两种情况：The control method of the laser pulse switching device of the present invention includes the following two situations:
第一种情况当啁啾激光脉冲放大系统后的靶场不需要激光脉冲时：The first case when the laser pulse is not needed in the range after the chirped laser pulse amplification system:
第一开关处于打开状态，第二开关处于关闭状态，激光脉冲进入多通放大器组被放大，泵浦光的能量被放大的激光脉冲带走，激光系统正常运转，由于第二开关处于关闭状态，此时激光脉冲被第二开关拦截，无法进入压缩器，所以后续的靶场没有激光脉冲；The first switch is in the open state, the second switch is in the closed state, the laser pulse enters the multi-pass amplifier group and is amplified, the energy of the pump light is taken away by the amplified laser pulse, and the laser system operates normally. Since the second switch is in the closed state, At this time, the laser pulse is intercepted by the second switch and cannot enter the compressor, so there is no laser pulse in the subsequent shooting range;
第二种情况当啁啾激光脉冲放大系统后的靶场需要一个激光脉冲时：The second case when a laser pulse is required in the firing range behind the chirped laser pulse amplification system:
1)关闭第一开关，此时多通放大器组后没有放大的激光脉冲输出；1) Turn off the first switch, and there is no amplified laser pulse output behind the multi-pass amplifier group at this time;
2)打开第二开关，由于多通放大器组后没有光输出，第二开关的操作对系统是安全的，并且，当第二开关处于打开状态时，如果多通放大器组中有激光脉冲进行放大，此时可通过压缩器进入后续的靶场；2) Open the second switch, since there is no light output behind the multi-pass amplifier group, the operation of the second switch is safe for the system, and, when the second switch is in the open state, if there is a laser pulse in the multi-pass amplifier group to amplify , at this time, you can enter the subsequent shooting range through the compressor;
3)激光同步信号发生器产生激光同步信号输入至延迟器，延迟器产生一个延迟的TTL数字信号，此TTL数字信号仅有一个脉冲，作为触发信号，驱动第一开关打开；3) The laser synchronization signal generator generates a laser synchronization signal and inputs it to the delayer, and the delayer generates a delayed TTL digital signal, and the TTL digital signal has only one pulse, which is used as a trigger signal to drive the first switch to open;
4)仅有一个激光脉冲通过第一开关，经过多通放大器组后，通过第二开关，输出至后续的靶场，第一开关关闭，触发信号是单脉冲，因此第一开关只打开一次，激光脉冲单发激射；4) Only one laser pulse passes through the first switch. After passing through the multi-pass amplifier group, it passes through the second switch and is output to the subsequent shooting range. The first switch is closed, and the trigger signal is a single pulse. Therefore, the first switch is only opened once, and the laser pulse Pulse single shot;
5)关闭第二开关，拦截激光脉冲；5) Turn off the second switch to intercept the laser pulse;
6)将第一开关放置在打开状态，这样保证多通放大器组中的高能量激光脉冲的能量不会累积造成热效应等问题，激光系统正常运转。6) The first switch is placed in the open state, so as to ensure that the energy of the high-energy laser pulses in the multi-pass amplifier group will not accumulate to cause problems such as thermal effects, and the laser system operates normally.
激光系统自身作为激光同步信号发生器，产生激光同步信号，或者采用光电二极管或相机等方式采集周期同步的激光脉冲，从而获得激光的周期信号，产生激光同步信号。延迟器可以采用信号延迟发生器，或者通过简单的延迟芯片、单片机等实现与激光脉冲延迟的单脉冲数字信号。The laser system itself acts as a laser synchronization signal generator to generate a laser synchronization signal, or collects a cycle-synchronized laser pulse by means of a photodiode or a camera to obtain a laser cycle signal and generate a laser synchronization signal. The delayer can use a signal delay generator, or a single pulse digital signal delayed with the laser pulse through a simple delay chip, a single-chip microcomputer, etc.
本发明的优点：Advantages of the present invention:
本发明通过在普克尔盒后和多通放大器组后分别放置第一和第二开关，形成2级开关的单发系统，并通过激光同步信号输入至延迟器产生单脉冲的触发信号，控制第一开关只打开一次，实现激光脉冲单发激射；本发明未在泵浦光路上做任何改动，因此不会改变泵浦激光脉冲的热效应、光束质量等，从而保证整个激光器的质量不会改变；在后续的靶场不需要激光脉冲时，能保证多通放大组中的高能量激光脉冲的能量不会累积造成热效应等问题。In the present invention, the first and second switches are respectively placed behind the Pockels cell and the multi-pass amplifier group to form a single-shot system of two-level switches, and the laser synchronization signal is input to the delayer to generate a single-pulse trigger signal to control The first switch is only turned on once to realize single laser pulse lasing; the present invention does not make any changes on the pump optical path, so the thermal effect and beam quality of the pump laser pulse will not be changed, thereby ensuring that the quality of the entire laser will not Change; when the laser pulse is not needed in the subsequent shooting range, it can ensure that the energy of the high-energy laser pulse in the multi-pass amplification group will not accumulate and cause problems such as thermal effects.
利用开关实现激光脉冲单发激射，此时开关具有2个作用：一个是快速选择1个脉冲通过开关，这需要开关能够快速打开关闭，另一个是开关起到阻挡光的作用，对于大能量激光器，由于光束直径大，所以需要大口径的开关。采用小口径快速的第一开关和大口径慢速的第二开关结合使用的方式，将单发运转中开关的作用分别赋予2个开关来实现，其中第一开关实现快速选择1个激光脉冲通过，第二开关起到阻挡光的作用。这将开关的口径和开关的速度分别由2个开关实现，可以减小对快速第一开关口径以及大口径第二开关速度的要求，无需使用大口径快速开关，从而节约成本，降低大口径开关回光对激光器损害的风险；由于第二开关放置在压缩起之前，当后续靶场不需要激光脉冲时，高能量的光束并未辐照在压缩器内昂贵的光学元件光栅上，因此对光栅具有保护作用。A switch is used to achieve single laser pulse lasing. At this time, the switch has two functions: one is to quickly select a pulse to pass through the switch, which requires the switch to be able to open and close quickly, and the other is to block the light. For large energy Lasers require large aperture switches due to their large beam diameters. The first switch with small aperture and fast speed and the second switch with large aperture and slow speed are used in combination, and the role of the switch in single-shot operation is assigned to two switches respectively, and the first switch can quickly select a laser pulse to pass through. , the second switch functions to block light. This realizes the caliber of the switch and the speed of the switch respectively by two switches, which can reduce the requirements for the fast first switch caliber and the second large-diameter switch speed, and does not need to use a large-diameter fast switch, thereby saving costs and reducing the large-caliber switch. The risk of damage to the laser due to the return light; since the second switch is placed before the compression, when the subsequent shooting range does not require laser pulses, the high-energy beam does not irradiate on the expensive optical element grating in the compressor, so the grating has Protective effects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为啁啾激光脉冲放大系统的结构框图；Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a chirped laser pulse amplification system;
图2为啁啾激光脉冲放大系统中的放大器系统的结构框图；Fig. 2 is the structural block diagram of the amplifier system in the chirped laser pulse amplification system;
图3为本发明的激光脉冲开关装置的一个实施例的结构框图；Fig. 3 is the structural block diagram of an embodiment of the laser pulse switching device of the present invention;
图4为本发明的激光脉冲开关装置实现激光脉冲单发激射的示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the laser pulse switching device of the present invention realizes laser pulse single-shot lasing;
图5为本发明的第一开关实现只打开一次的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of realizing that the first switch of the present invention is opened only once.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图，通过实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described through the embodiments below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，啁啾激光脉冲放大系统包括：振荡器、展宽器、放大器系统和压缩器。As shown in Figure 1, the chirped laser pulse amplification system includes: oscillator, stretcher, amplifier system and compressor.
如图2所示，放大器系统包括KHz放大器、普克尔盒和多通放大器组，两个泵浦源分别为KHz放大器和多通放大器组提供泵浦光。As shown in Figure 2, the amplifier system includes a KHz amplifier, a Pockels cell and a multi-pass amplifier group, and two pump sources provide pump light for the KHz amplifier and the multi-pass amplifier group respectively.
展宽后的长激光脉冲首先经由KHz的放大器进行放大，KHz放大器由一个KHz的泵浦源提供能量。因为KHz放大器的泵浦源为LD泵浦的全固态激光器，其稳定性高，因此KHz放大器具有更高的稳定性，由KHz放大器作为前端放大可以提高系统的稳定性。KHz放大器放大后的激光脉冲将送入到后续的多通放大器进一步被放大，根据被放大能量的要求，可能有多个多通放大器，形成多通放大器组，多通放大器组由另外的泵浦源提供放大能量。随着能量的放大，后面的多通放大器所需要的泵浦能量通常较高，此时LD泵浦的KHz全固态激光器的激光脉冲能量(通常泵浦脉冲能量几十mJ)不能够满足后续多通放大器的泵浦要求，此时的泵浦源采用闪光灯泵浦的高能激光器，能量输出从J到百J不等，然而激光的重复频率通常小于10Hz，甚至单发。从前面的KHz放大器到后面的重复频率小于10Hz的多通放大器之间需要加一个普克尔盒将激光重复频率降低，满足后续多通放大器的需求。注意，整个系统中有两种激光，一种是泵浦光，一个是被放大的光，称被放大的光为主光。The stretched long laser pulse is first amplified by a KHz amplifier, and the KHz amplifier is powered by a KHz pump source. Because the pumping source of the KHz amplifier is an all-solid-state laser pumped by LD, its stability is high, so the KHz amplifier has higher stability, and the stability of the system can be improved by using the KHz amplifier as the front-end amplification. The laser pulse amplified by the KHz amplifier will be sent to the subsequent multi-pass amplifier for further amplification. According to the requirements of the amplified energy, there may be multiple multi-pass amplifiers to form a multi-pass amplifier group. The multi-pass amplifier group is pumped by another The source provides the amplification energy. With the amplification of energy, the pump energy required by the subsequent multi-pass amplifier is generally higher. At this time, the laser pulse energy of the KHz all-solid-state laser pumped by LD (usually tens of mJ of pump pulse energy) cannot meet the requirements of subsequent multi-pass amplifiers. The pumping requirements of pass amplifiers. At this time, the pumping source is a high-energy laser pumped by a flash lamp, and the energy output ranges from J to hundreds of J. However, the repetition frequency of the laser is usually less than 10Hz, or even a single shot. A Pockels cell needs to be added between the front KHz amplifier and the rear multi-pass amplifier whose repetition rate is less than 10Hz to reduce the laser repetition rate to meet the requirements of the subsequent multi-pass amplifier. Note that there are two kinds of laser light in the whole system, one is the pump light, and the other is the amplified light, which is called the main light.
如图3所示，在本实施例中，激光脉冲开关装置包括：激光同步信号发生器、延迟器、第一开关和第二开关；其中，第一开关设置在普克尔盒之后，多通放大器组之前；第二开关放置在多通放大器组之后，压缩器之前。未在泵浦光路上做任何改动。As shown in Figure 3, in this embodiment, the laser pulse switching device includes: a laser synchronous signal generator, a delayer, a first switch and a second switch; wherein, the first switch is arranged behind the Pockels cell, and the multipass before the amp bank; the second switch is placed after the multi-pass amp bank and before the compressor. No changes were made in the pumping optical path.
激光系统中放大器系统中的激光脉冲情况:KHz放大器后输出重复频率为KHz的脉冲串，经过普克尔盒降低频率后，将激光脉冲的重复频率降为低重复频率小于10Hz的激光脉冲串，此重复频率与泵浦激光一致。该低重复频率的脉冲串经过第一开关的选择后进入后续的多通放大器组进行放大。当第一开关处于打开状态时，该小于10Hz的激光脉冲串进入到后续的多通放大器组放大，当多个激光脉冲经过第一开关时，多通放大器组后输出脉冲串，当仅有1个脉冲经过第一开关时，多通放大器组后输出1个脉冲；当第一开关处于关闭状态时，没有激光脉冲进入到后续的多通放大器组，多通放大器组没有脉冲串输出。结合第二开关的开关可以获取激光器单发运转，具体如下：The laser pulse situation in the amplifier system in the laser system: after the KHz amplifier, the output repetition frequency is a pulse train of KHz, after the Pockels cell reduces the frequency, the repetition frequency of the laser pulse is reduced to a laser pulse train with a low repetition frequency less than 10Hz, This repetition rate is consistent with the pump laser. After being selected by the first switch, the low repetition frequency pulse train enters the subsequent multi-pass amplifier group for amplification. When the first switch is in the open state, the laser pulse train less than 10 Hz enters the subsequent multi-pass amplifier group for amplification. When multiple laser pulses pass through the first switch, the multi-pass amplifier group finally outputs the pulse train. When there is only 1 When a pulse passes through the first switch, the multi-pass amplifier group outputs 1 pulse; when the first switch is in the closed state, no laser pulse enters the subsequent multi-pass amplifier group, and the multi-pass amplifier group has no pulse train output. Combining the switch of the second switch can obtain the single-shot operation of the laser, as follows:
当后续的靶场暂时不需要激光脉冲时，此时第一开关处于打开状态，第二开关处于关闭状态，此时多通放大器组将通过第一开关的激光脉冲串放大，由于激光脉冲被放大，所以泵浦光的能量被放大的激光脉冲带走，热效应问题被解决了，此时整个激光系统正常运转，但是由于第二开关处于关闭状态，此时激光脉冲被第二开关拦截，无法进入压缩器，所以后续的靶场没有激光脉冲。当后续的靶场需要1个激光脉冲时，即此时需要激光脉冲实现单发时，首先将第一开关关闭，此时多通放大器组后没有放大光输出，在第一开关关闭后，将第二开关快速打开，由于，此时多通放大器组后没有光输出，第二开关的操作对系统是安全的，并且，当第二开关处于打开状态时，如果多通放大器中有放入光进行放大，此时光可通过压缩器进入后续的靶场。当第二开关处于打开状态时，为了实现激光脉冲单发运转，此时将第一开关快速打开，然后关闭，实现光脉冲仅有1个脉冲通过第一开关，该发激光脉冲进入多通放大器组放大，并经过压缩器后送入后续靶场进行打靶，此时激光系统实现单发。为了保护激光系统，进一步地，将第二开关再次快速关闭，拦截激光脉冲，然后再次将第一开关放置在打开状态，这样保证多通放大器组中的大能量激光脉冲的能量不会累积造成热效应等问题。以上过程实现激光脉冲单发运转，如图4所示。When the follow-up range does not need laser pulses temporarily, the first switch is in the open state and the second switch is in the closed state. At this time, the multi-pass amplifier group will amplify the laser pulse train passing through the first switch. Since the laser pulse is amplified, Therefore, the energy of the pump light is taken away by the amplified laser pulse, and the thermal effect problem is solved. At this time, the entire laser system operates normally, but because the second switch is closed, the laser pulse is intercepted by the second switch at this time, and cannot enter compression. device, so there are no laser pulses in the subsequent shooting range. When one laser pulse is required in the subsequent shooting range, that is, when a single laser pulse is required at this time, the first switch is first turned off. At this time, there is no amplified light output behind the multi-pass amplifier group. After the first switch is turned off, the first switch is turned off. The second switch is opened quickly, because there is no light output behind the multi-pass amplifier group at this time, the operation of the second switch is safe for the system, and, when the second switch is in the open state, if there is light in the multi-pass amplifier Amplify, at this time, the light can enter the subsequent shooting range through the compressor. When the second switch is in the open state, in order to realize the single-shot operation of the laser pulse, the first switch is quickly opened and then closed, so that only one pulse of the optical pulse passes through the first switch, and the laser pulse enters the multi-pass amplifier The laser system is amplified and sent to the follow-up shooting range for shooting after passing through the compressor. At this time, the laser system realizes a single shot. In order to protect the laser system, further, the second switch is quickly closed again to intercept the laser pulse, and then the first switch is placed in the open state again, so as to ensure that the energy of the high-energy laser pulse in the multi-pass amplifier group will not accumulate and cause thermal effects And other issues. The above process realizes the laser pulse single-shot operation, as shown in Figure 4.
这样的2级开关的单发系统，由于第二开关的存在，保证即使后续靶场不需要激光时，也可以保证多通放大器组中泵浦激光的能量被红光萃取，减小了多通放大器组的热效应问题。而第一开关在多通放大器组的前端使用，可以使用小口径的第一开关，减小第一开关的尺寸压力。同时第二开关仅是起到拦截光束的作用，因此减小对第二开关打开关闭的速度要求。Such a two-stage switch single-shot system, due to the existence of the second switch, can ensure that the energy of the pump laser in the multi-pass amplifier group is extracted by red light even when the subsequent shooting range does not need laser light, which reduces the multi-pass amplifier. Group thermal effects problem. While the first switch is used at the front end of the multi-pass amplifier group, a small-diameter first switch can be used to reduce the size pressure of the first switch. At the same time, the second switch only plays the role of intercepting the light beam, thus reducing the speed requirement for opening and closing the second switch.
第一开关的控制可以使用软件及晶体管-晶体管逻辑TTL信号来实现。在2级开关的单发系统里，激光的单发打靶必须通过第一开关的快速开关来实现，并且控制第一开关的快速单发开关的信号需要跟激光的信号同步，才能够保证单发打靶的顺利进行。Control of the first switch can be implemented using software and transistor-transistor logic TTL signals. In the single-shot system with 2-level switch, the single-shot shooting of the laser must be realized through the fast switch of the first switch, and the signal controlling the fast single-shot switch of the first switch needs to be synchronized with the laser signal to ensure single-shot shooting. Targeting went well.
为了实现以上功能，本实施例中利用对应激光系统中自带的TTL信号来触发第一开关，但是激光系统自带的TTL信号是周期信号，这样的周期信号发送给第一开关，会使第一开关也是周期地被触发，无法实现单发运转。如图5所示，为了实现激光系统只输出1个激光脉冲，利用激光系统的前一发激光脉冲的TTL信号通过信号延迟发生器产生延迟的TTL数字信号，该TTL数字信号不是周期信号，而是仅有一个脉冲来驱动第一开关在激光随后的激光脉冲到来之前打开第一开关，并且在该激光打靶后关闭第一开关。由于利用信号延迟发生器产生的延迟的TTL数字信号仅有一个脉冲，所以开关只打开一次，从而实现激光脉冲单发。In order to realize the above functions, in this embodiment, the TTL signal of the corresponding laser system is used to trigger the first switch, but the TTL signal of the laser system is a periodic signal, and such a periodic signal is sent to the first switch, which will make the second switch A switch is also triggered periodically, and single-engine operation cannot be realized. As shown in Figure 5, in order to realize that the laser system only outputs one laser pulse, the TTL signal of the previous laser pulse of the laser system is used to generate a delayed TTL digital signal through the signal delay generator. The TTL digital signal is not a periodic signal, but There is only one pulse to drive the first switch to open the first switch before the subsequent laser pulse of the laser, and to close the first switch after the laser hits the target. Since the delayed TTL digital signal generated by the signal delay generator has only one pulse, the switch is only opened once, thereby achieving single laser pulse emission.
最后需要注意的是，公布实施方式的目的在于帮助进一步理解本发明，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明及所附的权利要求的精神和范围内，各种替换和修改都是可能的。因此，本发明不应局限于实施例所公开的内容，本发明要求保护的范围以权利要求书界定的范围为准。Finally, it should be noted that the purpose of publishing the implementation is to help further understand the present invention, but those skilled in the art can understand that various replacements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. It is possible. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the content disclosed in the embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the scope defined in the claims.
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