技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种高性能的骨传导扬声器及通过特定设计来提高骨传导扬声器的音质，尤其是中低音质量，减少漏音现象，以及增加骨传导扬声器佩戴舒适度的方法。The invention relates to a high-performance bone conduction speaker and a method for improving the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker, especially the quality of the mid-bass, reducing sound leakage, and increasing the wearing comfort of the bone conduction speaker through a specific design.
背景技术Background technique
一般情况下，人能够听见声音是因为空气通过外耳耳道把振动传递到耳膜，通过耳膜形成的振动驱动人的听觉神经，由此感知声音的振动。骨传导扬声器在工作时，可以通常通过人的皮肤、皮下组织及骨骼传递到人的听觉神经，从而使人听到声音。Under normal circumstances, people can hear sound because the air transmits vibration to the eardrum through the external ear canal, and the vibration formed by the eardrum drives the human auditory nerve, thereby perceiving the vibration of sound. When the bone conduction speaker is working, it can be transmitted to the human auditory nerve through human skin, subcutaneous tissue and bone, so that people can hear the sound.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明涉及一种骨传导扬声器及改善漏音的骨传导扬声器的方法，该扬声器包括扬声器单元。该扬声器单元至少包括一接触面，所述接触面至少部分与使用者直接接触或间接接触；所述接触面上至少包含第一接触面区域；The invention relates to a bone conduction speaker and a bone conduction speaker method for improving sound leakage. The speaker includes a speaker unit. The speaker unit at least includes a contact surface, and the contact surface is at least partly in direct or indirect contact with the user; the contact surface at least includes a first contact surface area;
可选的，该第一接触面区域包含引声孔，该引声孔将振动单元外壳内的声波导出，与漏音声波叠加，抑制漏音；可选的，振动单元外壳的侧面上设置有至少一个侧面引声孔，该引声孔将振动单元的外壳内的声波导出，与漏音声波叠加，抑制漏音；可选的，所述第一接触面区域下方为空气；可选的，所述接触面上设置有第二接触面区域，该第二接触面区域凸起程度高于第一接触面区域；可选的，所述第二接触面区域下方设置有振动面板，或者振动面板是第二接触面区域；所述第二接触面区域与使用者贴合更紧密，接触力更大；可选的，所述第二接触面区域下方设置的振动面板直接或间接与第二接触面区域接触，振动面板支撑第二接触面区域，并将振动通过第二接触面区域传导给使用者；可选的，所述振动面板与所述第二接触面区域的面积与形状相同；可选的，所述振动面板与所述第二接触面区域的面积与形状不同，所述振动面板在所述第二接触面区域的投影面积不大于所述第二接触面区域面积；可选的，所述第一接触面区域、第二接触面区域使用硅胶、橡胶、塑胶等材料。Optionally, the first contact surface area includes a sound-introducing hole, and the sound-introducing hole guides the sound wave in the shell of the vibration unit to be superimposed on the sound wave of the leakage sound to suppress the sound leakage; optionally, the side of the shell of the vibration unit is provided with At least one side sound-introducing hole, the sound-introducing hole guides the sound wave in the shell of the vibration unit, superimposes with the sound leakage sound wave, and suppresses sound leakage; optionally, the area below the first contact surface is air; optionally, A second contact surface area is provided on the contact surface, and the degree of protrusion of the second contact surface area is higher than that of the first contact surface area; optionally, a vibration panel is provided below the second contact surface area, or a vibration panel is the second contact surface area; the second contact surface area fits more closely with the user, and the contact force is greater; optionally, the vibration panel provided under the second contact surface area directly or indirectly contacts the second contact surface area. The vibration panel supports the second contact surface area, and transmits the vibration to the user through the second contact surface area; optionally, the area and shape of the vibration panel and the second contact surface area are the same; Optionally, the area and shape of the vibration panel and the second contact surface area are different, and the projected area of the vibration panel on the second contact surface area is not larger than the area of the second contact surface area; optional , the first contact surface area and the second contact surface area use materials such as silica gel, rubber, and plastic.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为骨传导扬声器导致人耳产生听觉的过程。Figure 1 shows the process by which a bone conduction speaker causes the human ear to produce hearing.
图2‐A为本发明实施例提供的一种骨传导扬声器的振动产生部分的外形图。FIG. 2-A is an outline view of a vibration generating part of a bone conduction speaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2‐B为本发明实施例提供的一种骨传导扬声器的振动产生部分的结构图。FIG. 2-B is a structural diagram of a vibration generating part of a bone conduction speaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2‐C为本发明实施例提供的一种骨传导扬声器的振动产生部分的结构图。FIG. 2-C is a structural diagram of a vibration generating part of a bone conduction speaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图3‐A为本发明实施例中一种骨传导扬声器振动产生部分的等效振动模型。Fig. 3-A is an equivalent vibration model of a vibration generating part of a bone conduction speaker in an embodiment of the present invention.
图3‐B为本发明实施例所适用的一种骨传导扬声器的振动响应曲线。FIG. 3-B is a vibration response curve of a bone conduction speaker applicable to the embodiment of the present invention.
图4‐A和4‐B分别为本发明实施例中一种骨传导扬声器面板粘结方式的俯视图和侧视图。4-A and 4-B are respectively a top view and a side view of a bone conduction speaker panel bonding method in an embodiment of the present invention.
图5为本发明实施例中一种骨传导扬声器的振动产生部分的结构图。Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a vibration generating part of a bone conduction speaker in an embodiment of the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例所适用的一种骨传导扬声器工作的振动响应曲线。FIG. 6 is a vibration response curve of a bone conduction speaker applicable to the embodiment of the present invention.
图7为本发明实施例所适用的一种骨传导扬声器工作的振动响应曲线。FIG. 7 is a vibration response curve of a bone conduction speaker applicable to the embodiment of the present invention.
图8为本发明实施例中一种骨传导扬声器的振动产生部分的结构图。FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a vibration generating part of a bone conduction speaker in an embodiment of the present invention.
图9为一个具体实施例中骨传导扬声器振动产生部分的结构图。Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of the vibration generating part of the bone conduction speaker in a specific embodiment.
图10‐A为一个具体实施例中骨传导扬声器的应用场景。Fig. 10-A is an application scene of a bone conduction speaker in a specific embodiment.
图10‐B为一个具体实施例中骨传导扬声器振动产生部分的振动响应曲线。Fig. 10-B is a vibration response curve of the vibration generating part of the bone conduction speaker in a specific embodiment.
图11为一个具体实施例中骨传导扬声器振动产生部分的结构图。Fig. 11 is a structural diagram of the vibration generating part of the bone conduction speaker in a specific embodiment.
图12为一个具体实施例中骨传导扬声器面板的结构示意图。Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a bone conduction speaker panel in a specific embodiment.
图13为一个具体实施例中骨传导扬声器振动产生部分的结构图。Fig. 13 is a structural diagram of the vibration generating part of the bone conduction speaker in a specific embodiment.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，并不限定本发明的应用范围，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，可以根据这些附图将本发明应用于其他类似场景。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and do not The scope of application of the present invention is limited, and those skilled in the art can apply the present invention to other similar scenarios according to these drawings without creative effort.
如本说明书和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其它的步骤或元素。术语“基于”是“至少部分地基于”。术语“一个实施例”表示“至少一个实施例”；术语“另一实施例”表示“至少一个另外的实施例”。其他术语的相关定义将在下文描述中给出。As indicated in the specification and claims, the terms "a", "an", "an" and/or "the" are not specific to the singular and may include the plural unless the context clearly indicates an exception. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "comprising" only suggest the inclusion of clearly identified steps and elements, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or device may also contain other steps or elements. The term "based on" is "based at least in part on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one further embodiment". Relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the description below.
以下，不失一般性，在描述本发明中骨传导相关技术时，将采用“骨传导扬声器”或“骨传导耳机”的描述。该描述仅仅为骨传导应用的一种形式，对于该领域的普通技术人员来说，“扬声器”或“耳机”也可用其他同类词语代替，比如“播放器”、“助听器”等。事实上，本发明中的各种实现方式可以很方便地应用到其它非扬声器类的听力设备上。例如，对于本领域的专业人员来说，在了解骨传导扬声器的基本原理后，可能在不背离这一原理的情况下，对实施骨传导扬声器的具体方式与步骤进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变。特别地，在骨传导扬声器中加入环境声音拾取和处理功能，使该扬声器实现助听器的功能。例如，麦克风等传声器可以拾取使用者/佩戴者周围环境的声音，在一定的算法下，将声音处理后(或者产生的电信号)传送至骨传导扬声器部分。即骨传导扬声器可以经过一定的修改，加入拾取环境声音的功能，并经过一定的信号处理后通过骨传导扬声器部分将声音传递给使用者/佩戴者，从而实现骨传导助听器的功能。作为举例，这里所说的算法可以包括噪声消除、自动增益控制、声反馈抑制、宽动态范围压缩、主动环境识别、主动抗噪、定向处理、耳鸣处理、多通道宽动态范围压缩、主动啸叫抑制、音量控制等一种或多种的组合。Hereinafter, without loss of generality, when describing bone conduction-related technologies in the present invention, the description of "bone conduction speaker" or "bone conduction earphone" will be used. This description is only a form of bone conduction application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, "speaker" or "earphone" can also be replaced by other similar words, such as "player", "hearing aid" and so on. In fact, various implementation modes in the present invention can be conveniently applied to other non-loudspeaker hearing devices. For example, for professionals in the field, after understanding the basic principles of bone conduction speakers, it is possible to make various forms and details of the specific methods and steps for implementing bone conduction speakers without departing from this principle. Fixes and changes. In particular, adding ambient sound pickup and processing functions to the bone conduction speaker enables the speaker to function as a hearing aid. For example, microphones and other microphones can pick up the sound of the user/wearer's surrounding environment, and under a certain algorithm, the sound is processed (or the generated electrical signal) and transmitted to the bone conduction speaker part. That is to say, the bone conduction speaker can be modified to add the function of picking up ambient sound, and after a certain signal processing, the sound can be transmitted to the user/wearer through the bone conduction speaker, so as to realize the function of the bone conduction hearing aid. As examples, the algorithms mentioned here may include noise cancellation, automatic gain control, acoustic feedback suppression, wide dynamic range compression, active environment recognition, active noise cancellation, directional processing, tinnitus processing, multi-channel wide dynamic range compression, active howling One or a combination of suppression, volume control, etc.
骨传导扬声器将声音通过骨头传递给听力系统，从而产生听觉。图1是骨传导扬声器产生听觉的过程，主要包括以下几个步骤：在步骤101，骨传导扬声器获取或产生含有声音信息的信号；在步骤102，骨传导扬声器根据信号产生振动；在步骤103，通过传递系统将振动传递给传感终端104。在一种工作场景中，骨传导扬声器拾取或产生含有声音信息的信号，通过换能装置将声音信息转换成声音振动，并通过传递系统将声音传递给感觉器官，最终听到声音。不失一般性，以上描述的听力系统、感觉器官等的主体可以是人，也可以是具有听力系统的动物。需要注意的是，以下对于人类使用骨传导扬声器的描述并不构成对骨传导扬声器使用场景的限制，类似的描述同样可以适用于其它动物。Bone conduction speakers transmit sound through the bones to the hearing system, which creates hearing. Fig. 1 is the process of bone conduction loudspeaker generating hearing, which mainly includes the following steps: in step 101, the bone conduction loudspeaker acquires or generates a signal containing sound information; in step 102, the bone conduction loudspeaker generates vibration according to the signal; in step 103, The vibration is transmitted to the sensing terminal 104 through a transmission system. In a working scenario, the bone conduction speaker picks up or generates a signal containing sound information, converts the sound information into sound vibration through the transducer device, and transmits the sound to the sensory organs through the transmission system, and finally hears the sound. Without loss of generality, the subject of the hearing system and sensory organs described above may be a human being or an animal with a hearing system. It should be noted that the following description of the use of bone conduction speakers by humans does not constitute a limitation on the use scenarios of bone conduction speakers, and similar descriptions can also be applied to other animals.
以上对骨传导扬声器大致流程的描述仅仅是具体的示例，不应被视为是唯一可行的实施方案。显然，对于本领域的专业人员来说，在了解骨传导扬声器的基本原理后，可能在不背离这一原理的情况下，对实施骨传导扬声器的具体方式与步骤进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变，但是这些修正和改变仍在以上描述的范围之内。例如，在步骤101获取含有声音信息的信号和步骤102振动产生之间，可以额外加入信号修正或强化步骤，该步骤可以将101中获取的信号根据特定的算法或参数进行强化或者修正。更进一步的，在步骤102振动产生和103振动传递步骤之间，可以额外加入振动强化或修正步骤。该步骤可以利用101的声音信号或者根据环境参数对102所产生的振动进行强化或者修正。同理，该振动强化或修正步骤可以在步骤103与104之间完成，例如对信号进行降噪、声反馈抑制、宽动态范围压缩、自动增益控制、主动环境识别、主动抗噪、定向处理、耳鸣处理、多通道宽动态范围压缩、主动啸叫抑制、音量控制，或其它类似的，或以上任意组合的处理，这些修正和改变仍在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。此处所描述的方法和步骤可以在适当的情况下以任何合适的顺序，或同时实现。另外，在不偏离此处所描述的主题的精神和范围的情况下，可以从任何一个方法中删除各单独的步骤。上文所描述的任何示例的各方面可以与所描述的其他示例中的任何示例的各方面相结合，以构成进一步的示例，而不会丢失寻求的效果。The above description of the general flow of the bone conduction speaker is only a specific example, and should not be regarded as the only feasible implementation. Obviously, for professionals in the field, after understanding the basic principles of bone conduction speakers, it is possible to make various forms and details on the specific methods and steps of implementing bone conduction speakers without departing from this principle. modifications and changes, but these modifications and changes are still within the scope of the above description. For example, between acquiring a signal containing sound information in step 101 and generating vibration in step 102, an additional signal correction or strengthening step can be added, which can strengthen or correct the signal acquired in step 101 according to a specific algorithm or parameter. Furthermore, between step 102 of vibration generation and step 103 of vibration transmission, an additional vibration strengthening or correction step can be added. In this step, the vibration generated by 102 may be strengthened or corrected by using the sound signal of 101 or according to environmental parameters. Similarly, the vibration strengthening or correction step can be completed between steps 103 and 104, such as noise reduction, acoustic feedback suppression, wide dynamic range compression, automatic gain control, active environment recognition, active anti-noise, directional processing, Tinnitus processing, multi-channel wide dynamic range compression, active howling suppression, volume control, or other similar processing, or any combination of the above processing, these modifications and changes are still within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. The methods and steps described herein may be performed in any suitable order, or concurrently, where appropriate. Additionally, individual steps may be deleted from any of the methods without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein. Aspects of any example described above may be combined with aspects of any of the other examples described to form further examples without losing the effect sought.
具体的，在步骤101中，骨传导扬声器可以根据不同的方式获取或者产生含有声音信息的信号。声音信息可以指具有特定数据格式的视频、音频文件，也可以指一般意义上能够携带最终可通过特定途径转化为声音的数据或文件。含有声音信息的信号可以来自于骨传导扬声器本身的存储单元，也可以来自于骨传导扬声器以外的信息产生、存储或者传递系统。此处所讨论的声音信号并不局限于电信号，也可包括电信号之外的其它形式的如光信号、磁信号、机械信号等。原则上，只要该信号包含有扬声器可以用以产生振动的声音信息，均可作为声音信号进行处理。声音信号也不局限于一个信号源，可以来自于多个信号源。这些多个信号源可以相关也可以相互无关。声音信号传递或产生的方式可以是有线的也可以是无线的，可以是实时的也可以是延时的。例如，骨传导扬声器可以通过有线或者无线的方式接收含有声音信息的电信号，也可以直接从存储介质上获取数据，产生声音信号；骨传导助听器中可以加入具有声音采集功能的组件，通过拾取环境中的声音，将声音的机械振动转换成电信号，通过放大器处理后获得满足特定要求的电信号。其中，有线连接包括但不限于使用金属电缆、光学电缆或者金属和光学的混合电缆，例如：同轴电缆、通信电缆、软性电缆、螺旋电缆、非金属护皮电缆、金属护皮电缆、多芯电缆、双绞线电缆、带状电缆、屏蔽电缆、电信电缆、双股电缆、平行双芯导线、和双绞线。Specifically, in step 101, the bone conduction speaker may acquire or generate a signal containing sound information in different ways. Sound information can refer to video and audio files with a specific data format, or it can refer to data or files that can carry data or files that can be finally converted into sound through specific channels in a general sense. The signal containing sound information may come from the storage unit of the bone conduction speaker itself, or from an information generation, storage or transmission system other than the bone conduction speaker. The sound signals discussed here are not limited to electrical signals, and may also include other forms such as optical signals, magnetic signals, mechanical signals, etc. besides electrical signals. In principle, as long as the signal contains sound information that the loudspeaker can use to generate vibration, it can be processed as a sound signal. The sound signal is not limited to one signal source, but can come from multiple signal sources. These multiple signal sources may or may not be related to each other. The way of transmitting or generating the sound signal can be wired or wireless, and can be real-time or delayed. For example, bone conduction speakers can receive electrical signals containing sound information through wired or wireless methods, and can also directly obtain data from storage media to generate sound signals; components with sound collection functions can be added to bone conduction hearing aids. In the sound, the mechanical vibration of the sound is converted into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal that meets the specific requirements is obtained after being processed by the amplifier. Among them, the wired connection includes but is not limited to the use of metal cables, optical cables or hybrid cables of metal and optics, such as: coaxial cables, communication cables, flexible cables, spiral cables, non-metallic sheathed cables, metal sheathed cables, multiple core cables, twisted pair cables, ribbon cables, shielded cables, telecommunication cables, twinax cables, parallel twin conductors, and twisted pairs.
以上描述的例子仅作为方便说明之用，有线连接的媒介还可以是其它类型，例如，其它电信号或光信号等的传输载体。无线连接包括但不限于无线电通信、自由空间光通信、声通讯、和电磁感应等。其中无线电通讯包括但不限于，IEEE802.11系列标准、IEEE802.15系列标准(例如蓝牙技术和紫蜂技术等)、第一代移动通信技术、第二代移动通信技术(例如FDMA、TDMA、SDMA、CDMA、和SSMA等)、通用分组无线服务技术、第三代移动通信技术(例如CDMA2000、WCDMA、TD‐SCDMA、和WiMAX等)、第四代移动通信技术(例如TD‐LTE和FDD‐LTE等)、卫星通信(例如GPS技术等)、近场通信(NFC)和其它运行在ISM频段(例如2.4GHz等)的技术；自由空间光通信包括但不限于可见光、红外线讯号等；声通讯包括但不限于声波、超声波讯号等；电磁感应包括但不限于近场通讯技术等。以上描述的例子仅作为方便说明之用，无线连接的媒介还可以是其它类型，例如，Z‐wave技术、其它收费的民用无线电频段和军用无线电频段等。例如，作为本技术的一些应用场景，骨传导扬声器可以通过蓝牙技术从其他设备获取含有声音信息的信号，也可以直接从骨传导扬声器自带的存储单元中直接获取数据，再产生声音信号。The examples described above are only used for convenience of description, and the media of the wired connection may also be other types, for example, other transmission carriers of electrical signals or optical signals. Wireless connections include, but are not limited to, radio communications, free-space optical communications, acoustic communications, and electromagnetic induction. Among them, radio communication includes, but is not limited to, IEEE802.11 series standards, IEEE802.15 series standards (such as Bluetooth technology and Zigbee technology, etc.), first-generation mobile communication technologies, second-generation mobile communication technologies (such as FDMA, TDMA, SDMA , CDMA, and SSMA, etc.), general packet radio service technology, third-generation mobile communication technology (such as CDMA2000, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, and WiMAX, etc.), fourth-generation mobile communication technology (such as TD-LTE and FDD-LTE etc.), satellite communication (such as GPS technology, etc.), near-field communication (NFC) and other technologies operating in the ISM frequency band (such as 2.4GHz, etc.); free space optical communication includes but not limited to visible light, infrared signals, etc.; acoustic communication includes But not limited to sound waves, ultrasonic signals, etc.; electromagnetic induction includes but not limited to near field communication technology, etc. The examples described above are only for convenience of illustration, and the medium of wireless connection may also be other types, for example, Z-wave technology, other paid civilian radio frequency bands and military radio frequency bands, etc. For example, as some application scenarios of this technology, bone conduction speakers can obtain signals containing sound information from other devices through Bluetooth technology, or directly obtain data from the storage unit of the bone conduction speaker, and then generate sound signals.
这里所说的存储设备/存储单元，包括直接连接存储(Direct AttachedStorage)，网络附加存储(Network Attached Storage)和存储区域网络(Storage AreaNetwork)等存储系统上的存储设备。存储设备包括但不限于常见的各类存储设备如固态存储设备(固态硬盘、固态混合硬盘等)、机械硬盘、USB闪存、记忆棒、存储卡(如CF、SD等)、其他驱动(如CD、DVD、HD DVD、Blu‐ray等)、随机存储器(RAM)和只读存储器(ROM)。其中RAM有但不限于：十进计数管、选数管、延迟线存储器、威廉姆斯管、动态随机存储器(DRAM)、静态随机存储器(SRAM)、晶闸管随机存储器(T‐RAM)、和零电容随机存储器(Z‐RAM)等；ROM又有但不限于：磁泡存储器、磁钮线存储器、薄膜存储器、磁镀线存储器、磁芯内存、磁鼓存储器、光盘驱动器、硬盘、磁带、早期NVRAM(非易失存储器)、相变化内存、磁阻式随机存储式内存、铁电随机存储内存、非易失SRAM、闪存、电子抹除式可复写只读存储器、可擦除可编程只读存储器、可编程只读存储器、屏蔽式堆读内存、浮动连接门随机存取存储器、纳米随机存储器、赛道内存、可变电阻式内存、和可编程金属化单元等。以上提及的存储设备/存储单元是列举了一些例子，该存储设备/存储单元可以使用的存储设备并不局限于此。The storage device/storage unit mentioned here includes storage devices on storage systems such as direct attached storage (Direct Attached Storage), network attached storage (Network Attached Storage) and storage area network (Storage Area Network). Storage devices include but are not limited to common storage devices such as solid-state storage devices (solid-state hard drives, solid-state hybrid hard drives, etc.), mechanical hard drives, USB flash drives, memory sticks, memory cards (such as CF, SD, etc.), other drives (such as CD , DVD, HD DVD, Blu‐ray, etc.), Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). Among them, RAM includes but is not limited to: decimal counter tube, number selection tube, delay line memory, Williams tube, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), thyristor random access memory (T-RAM), and zero Capacitor random access memory (Z‐RAM), etc.; ROM is also but not limited to: bubble memory, magnetic button wire memory, thin film memory, magnetic plated wire memory, magnetic core memory, magnetic drum memory, optical drive, hard disk, magnetic tape, early NVRAM (non-volatile memory), phase-change memory, magnetoresistive random access memory, ferroelectric random access memory, non-volatile SRAM, flash memory, electronic erasable rewritable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory memory, programmable read-only memory, shielded heap read memory, floating link gate random access memory, nano random access memory, race track memory, variable resistance memory, and programmable metallization units, etc. The storage devices/storage units mentioned above are some examples, and the storage devices that can be used by the storage devices/storage units are not limited thereto.
在102中，骨传导扬声器可以将含有声音信息的信号转换成振动并产生声音。振动的产生伴随着能量的转换，骨传导扬声器可以使用特定的换能装置实现信号向机械振动转换。转换的过程中可能包含多种不同类型能量的共存和转换。例如，电信号通过换能装置可以直接转换成机械振动，产生声音。再例如，声音信息包含在光信号中，一种特定的换能装置可以实现由光信号转换为振动信号的过程。其它可以在换能装置工作过程中共存和转换的能量类型包括热能、磁场能等。换能装置的能量转换方式包括但不限于动圈式、静电式、压电式、动铁式、气动式、电磁式等。骨传导扬声器的频率响应范围以及音质会受到不同换能方式以及换能装置中各个物理组件性能的影响。例如，在动圈式换能装置中，缠绕的柱状线圈与振动板相连，受信号电流驱动的线圈在磁场中带动振动板振动发声，振动板材质的伸展和收缩、褶皱的变形、大小、形状以及固定方式，永磁体的磁密度等，都会对骨传导扬声器最终的音效质量带来很大的影响。再例如，振动板可以是镜面对称的结构、中心对称的结构或者非对称的结构；振动板上可以设置有间断的孔状结构，使振动板产生更大的位移，从而让骨传导扬声器实现更高的灵敏度，提高振动与声音的输出功率；又例如，振动板是圆环体结构，在圆环体内设置向中心辐辏的多个支杆，支杆的个数可以是两个或者更多。At 102, a bone conduction speaker may convert a signal containing sound information into vibrations and generate sound. The generation of vibration is accompanied by the conversion of energy, and bone conduction speakers can use specific transducers to convert signals into mechanical vibrations. The process of conversion may include the coexistence and conversion of many different types of energy. For example, electrical signals can be directly converted into mechanical vibrations by means of transducers to produce sound. For another example, the sound information is contained in the light signal, and a specific transducing device can realize the process of converting the light signal into a vibration signal. Other types of energy that can coexist and be converted during the working process of the transducer device include thermal energy, magnetic field energy, and the like. The energy conversion methods of the transducer device include but are not limited to moving coil, electrostatic, piezoelectric, moving iron, pneumatic, electromagnetic, etc. The frequency response range and sound quality of bone conduction speakers will be affected by different transducer methods and the performance of each physical component in the transducer device. For example, in a moving coil transducing device, the wound cylindrical coil is connected to the vibrating plate, and the coil driven by the signal current drives the vibrating plate to vibrate and sound in the magnetic field. As well as the fixing method, the magnetic density of the permanent magnet, etc., will have a great impact on the final sound quality of the bone conduction speaker. For another example, the vibrating plate can be a mirror-symmetrical structure, a centrally-symmetrical structure, or an asymmetrical structure; the vibrating plate can be provided with discontinuous hole-like structures, so that the vibrating plate can have a greater displacement, so that the bone conduction speaker can achieve more High sensitivity improves the output power of vibration and sound; another example, the vibration plate is a torus structure, and a plurality of struts converging toward the center are arranged in the torus, and the number of struts can be two or more.
显然，对于本领域的专业人员来说，在了解换能方式及具体装置能够影响骨传导扬声器音效质量的基本原理后，可能在不背离这一原理的情况下，对上述提及的影响因素进行适当的取舍、组合、修正或改变，从而获得理想的音质。例如，采用高磁密度的永磁体，更理想的振动板材料以及设计，能够获得更好的音质。Obviously, for professionals in the field, after understanding the basic principle that the energy conversion method and the specific device can affect the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker, it is possible to analyze the above-mentioned influencing factors without departing from this principle. Appropriate trade-offs, combinations, corrections or changes to obtain ideal sound quality. For example, the use of permanent magnets with high magnetic density, more ideal vibration plate materials and design, can obtain better sound quality.
这里使用的术语“音质”可以理解为能够反映出声音的质量，指经处理、传输等过程后音频的保真度。音质主要由响度、音调和音色三要素来描述。响度是人耳对声音强弱的主观感受，其正比于声音强度的对数值，声音强度越大听起来感到越响亮。而且与声音的频率和波形有关。音调，又称音高，是指人耳对声音振动频率高低的主观感受。音调主要取决于声音的基波频率，基频越高，音调越高，同时它还与声音的强度有关。音色是指人耳对声音特色的主观感觉。音色主要取决于声音的频谱结构，还与声音的响度、持续时间、建立过程及衰变过程等因素有关。声音的频谱结构是用基频、谐频数目、谐频分布情况、幅度大小以及相位关系来描述的。不同的频谱结构，就有不同的音色。即使基频和响度相同，如果谐波结构不同，音色也不相同。The term "sound quality" used here can be understood as reflecting the quality of sound, and refers to the fidelity of audio after processing, transmission and other processes. Sound quality is mainly described by three elements: loudness, pitch and timbre. Loudness is the human ear's subjective perception of sound intensity, which is proportional to the logarithmic value of the sound intensity. The louder the sound intensity, the louder it sounds. And it is related to the frequency and waveform of the sound. Pitch, also known as pitch, refers to the human ear's subjective perception of the vibration frequency of sound. The pitch mainly depends on the fundamental frequency of the sound, the higher the fundamental frequency, the higher the pitch, and it is also related to the intensity of the sound. Timbre refers to the human ear's subjective perception of sound characteristics. Timbre mainly depends on the spectral structure of the sound, and is also related to factors such as the loudness, duration, establishment process and decay process of the sound. The spectral structure of sound is described by fundamental frequency, number of harmonics, distribution of harmonics, amplitude and phase relationship. Different spectral structures have different timbres. Even if the fundamental frequency and loudness are the same, if the harmonic structure is different, the timbre will be different.
骨传导扬声器振动的实现方法很多，图2‐A和图2‐B是一个具体实施例中骨传导扬声器振动产生部分的结构图，包括外壳210、面板220、换能装置230和连接件240。There are many ways to realize the vibration of the bone conduction speaker. Figure 2-A and Figure 2-B are structural diagrams of the vibration generation part of the bone conduction speaker in a specific embodiment, including the shell 210, the panel 220, the transducer device 230 and the connecting piece 240.
面板220的振动通过组织与骨骼传递到听觉神经，从而使人听到声音。面板220与人体皮肤可以是直接接触的，也可以通过由特定材料组成的振动传递层(下文中会详细描述)与皮肤接触。这里所说的特定材料可以从低密度的材料中进行选择，例如塑料(例如但不限于高分子聚乙烯、吹塑尼龙、工程塑料等)，橡胶，也可以是能达到同样性能的其他单一或复合材料。对于橡胶的种类，例如但不限于通用性橡胶和特种型橡胶。通用型橡胶包含但不限于天然橡胶、异戊橡胶、丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、氯丁橡胶等。特种型橡胶又包含但不限于丁腈橡胶、硅橡胶、氟橡胶、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、氯醇橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、环氧丙烷橡胶等。其中，丁苯橡胶包含并不限于乳液聚合丁苯橡胶和溶液聚合丁苯橡胶。对于复合材料，例如但不限于玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、石墨纤维、纤维、石墨烯纤维、碳化硅纤维或芳纶纤维等增强材料。也可以是其它有机和/或无机材料的复合物，例如玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂基体组成的各类玻璃钢。其他可用于制成振动传递层的材料还包括硅胶、聚氨酯(Poly Urethane)、聚碳酸酯(Poly Carbonate)中的一种或多种的组合。换能装置230是基于某种原理实现电信号向机械振动转换的组件。面板220与换能装置230相连，在换能装置230的带动下振动。连接件240连接面板220和外壳210，用于将换能装置230定位在外壳中。在换能装置230将振动传递给面板220时，振动会同时通过连接件240传递给外壳，引起外壳210振动，也会相应改变面板220的振动方式，从而影响面板220传递给人体皮肤的振动。The vibration of the panel 220 is transmitted to the auditory nerve through tissues and bones, thereby allowing a person to hear sound. The panel 220 may be in direct contact with the human skin, or may be in contact with the skin through a vibration transmission layer made of specific materials (described in detail below). The specific material mentioned here can be selected from low-density materials, such as plastics (such as but not limited to high molecular polyethylene, blown nylon, engineering plastics, etc.), rubber, or other single or composite material. For the types of rubber, such as but not limited to general-purpose rubber and special rubber. General-purpose rubber includes, but is not limited to, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, and neoprene. Special rubbers include but are not limited to nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, chlorohydrin rubber, acrylic rubber, propylene oxide rubber, etc. Wherein, the styrene-butadiene rubber includes, but is not limited to, emulsion polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber and solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber. For composite materials, such as but not limited to glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, graphite fiber, fiber, graphene fiber, silicon carbide fiber or aramid fiber and other reinforcing materials. It can also be a composite of other organic and/or inorganic materials, such as glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin or phenolic resin matrix composed of various types of FRP. Other materials that can be used to make the vibration transmission layer include one or more combinations of silica gel, polyurethane (Poly Urethane), and polycarbonate (Poly Carbonate). The transducer device 230 is a component that converts electrical signals into mechanical vibrations based on a certain principle. The panel 220 is connected with the transducer device 230 and vibrates driven by the transducer device 230 . The connecting piece 240 connects the panel 220 and the housing 210 and is used for positioning the transducer device 230 in the housing. When the transducer device 230 transmits the vibration to the panel 220, the vibration will be transmitted to the shell through the connector 240 at the same time, causing the shell 210 to vibrate, and the vibration mode of the panel 220 will be changed accordingly, thus affecting the vibration transmitted from the panel 220 to the human skin.
需要注意的是，将换能装置和面板固定在外壳中的方式不限于图2‐B描述的连接方式，显然，对于本领域的技术人员而言，是否采用连接件240，或者采用不同材料制成的连接件240、调整换能装置230或者面板220连接到外壳210的方式等，都会表现出不同的力学阻抗特性，产生不同的振动传递效果，从而影响振动系统整体的振动效率，产生不同的音质。It should be noted that the way of fixing the transducer device and the panel in the housing is not limited to the connection method described in Figure 2-B. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, whether to use the connecting piece 240 or use different materials The connecting piece 240, the way of adjusting the transducer device 230 or the connection of the panel 220 to the housing 210, etc., will all show different mechanical impedance characteristics, resulting in different vibration transmission effects, thereby affecting the overall vibration efficiency of the vibration system, resulting in different sound quality.
例如，若不采用连接件，面板可以通过胶水直接粘贴在外壳上，也可以采用卡接或焊接的方式连接在外壳上。若采用连接件，则具有适度弹性力的连接件在传递振动的过程中有减震的效果，可以减少传递到外壳的振动能量，从而有效抑制外壳振动导致的骨传导扬声器向外界漏音，也可以帮助避免可能的异常共振导致的异常声音的发生，达到改善音质的效果。位于外壳内/上不同位置的连接件对振动的传递效率也会产生不同程度的影响，优选地，连接件可以使得换能装置处于悬吊或支撑等不同的状态。For example, if no connector is used, the panel can be glued directly to the shell, or can be connected to the shell by clamping or welding. If a connector is used, the connector with moderate elastic force will have a shock-absorbing effect in the process of transmitting vibration, which can reduce the vibration energy transmitted to the casing, thereby effectively suppressing the sound leakage of the bone conduction speaker to the outside caused by the vibration of the casing, and also It can help avoid the occurrence of abnormal sound caused by possible abnormal resonance, and achieve the effect of improving sound quality. Connecting parts located at different positions in/on the casing also have different effects on the transmission efficiency of vibration. Preferably, the connecting parts can make the transducer be in different states such as suspension or support.
图2‐B所示为一种连接方式的实例，连接件240可以与外壳210顶端相连。图2‐C为另一种连接方式的实例，面板220从外壳210的开口伸出，面板220和换能装置230之间通过连接部分250连接，并与外壳210通过连接件240相连。FIG. 2-B shows an example of a connection method, and the connector 240 can be connected to the top of the housing 210 . FIG. 2-C is an example of another connection method. The panel 220 protrudes from the opening of the housing 210 . The panel 220 and the transducer device 230 are connected through a connecting part 250 and connected to the housing 210 through a connecting piece 240 .
在另外一些实施例中，也可以以其他的连接方式将换能装置固定在壳体内部，例如，可以将换能装置通过连接件固定在外壳内底面上，或者将换能装置的底部(换能装置与面板连接的一侧是顶部，与之相反的一侧是底部)通过弹簧悬空固定在壳体内部，也可以将换能装置的顶部连接在外壳上，或者换能装置和外壳间通过多个位于不同位置的连接件相连，或者以上多种连接方式的任意组合。In some other embodiments, the energy transducing device can also be fixed inside the housing in other connection ways, for example, the energy transducing device can be fixed on the inner bottom surface of the housing through a connecting piece, or the bottom of the energy transducing device (transfer The side where the energy device is connected to the panel is the top, and the opposite side is the bottom) is suspended and fixed inside the housing by a spring, or the top of the energy conversion device can be connected to the housing, or the energy conversion device and the housing can be passed through A plurality of connectors located at different positions are connected, or any combination of the above-mentioned multiple connection methods.
本领域的普通技术人员可以根据不同的实际应用决定连接件的材料、位置以及连接方式等，或者将上述不同的连接件属性进行修正、改进或者组合使用，但这些修正和改进仍然在以上描述的范围之内。例如，以上描述的连接件不一定是必须的，面板可以直接架接在外壳上，也可以通过胶水与外壳粘结。需要注意的是，实际应用中的骨传导扬声器振动产生部分的形状、尺寸、比例等不限于图2A、图2B或图2C中所描述的内容，骨传导扬声器在考虑到其他可能会影响骨传导扬声器音质的因素，例如骨传导扬声器的漏音程度、产生的倍频音、佩戴方式等，本领域的技术人员可以根据图中所描述的内容做出一定程度的改变。Those of ordinary skill in the art can determine the material, position and connection method of the connector according to different practical applications, or modify, improve or combine the above-mentioned different connector properties, but these modifications and improvements are still in the above-described within range. For example, the connectors described above are not necessarily necessary, and the panel can be directly connected to the casing, or bonded to the casing by glue. It should be noted that the shape, size, and proportion of the vibration generating part of the bone conduction speaker in practical applications are not limited to those described in Figure 2A, Figure 2B or Figure 2C. Factors of the sound quality of the speaker, such as the degree of sound leakage of the bone conduction speaker, the double-frequency sound generated, and the wearing method, etc., can be changed to a certain extent by those skilled in the art according to the content described in the figure.
精心设计和调试换能装置与面板可以解决很多骨传导扬声器经常面临的问题。例如，骨传导扬声器容易产生漏音现象。这里所说的漏音指的是，骨传导扬声器工作的过程中，扬声器的振动会产生向周围环境传递的声音，除了扬声器的佩戴者外，环境中的其他人也能够听到扬声器发出的声音。漏音现象出现的原因很多，包括换能装置和面板的振动通过连接件传递到外壳而引起外壳的振动，或者换能装置的振动引起壳内空气振动，空气振动传导到外壳上引起外壳振动，从而产生漏音。如图3‐A所示，一种骨传导扬声器振动产生部分的等效振动模型，包括固定端301，外壳311和面板321，固定端301和外壳311之间等效为通过弹性体331和阻尼件332连接，外壳311和面板321之间等效为通过弹性体341连接。固定端301可以是骨传导扬声器在振动过程中位置相对固定的点或者位置相对固定的区域(下文中会详细描述)。弹性体331和阻尼332由耳机架/耳机挂带和外壳之间的连接方式决定，影响因素包括耳机架/耳机挂带的刚度、形状、组成材料等，以及耳机架/耳机挂带与外壳连接部位的材料属性。这里所说的耳机架/耳机挂带提供骨传导扬声器与使用者之间相互接触的压力。弹性体341由面板321(或者面板与换能装置所组成的系统)和外壳311之间的连接方式决定，影响因素包括以上提到的连接件240。则振动方程可以表示为：Careful design and tuning of transducers and panels can solve many of the common problems faced by bone conduction speakers. For example, bone conduction speakers are prone to sound leakage. The sound leakage mentioned here means that during the working process of the bone conduction speaker, the vibration of the speaker will produce sound transmitted to the surrounding environment. In addition to the wearer of the speaker, other people in the environment can also hear the sound from the speaker . There are many reasons for the phenomenon of sound leakage, including the vibration of the transducer device and the panel transmitted to the casing through the connecting piece to cause the vibration of the casing, or the vibration of the transducer device causes the air in the casing to vibrate, and the air vibration is transmitted to the casing to cause the casing to vibrate. resulting in sound leakage. As shown in Figure 3-A, an equivalent vibration model of the vibration generating part of a bone conduction speaker includes a fixed end 301, a housing 311 and a panel 321, and the connection between the fixed end 301 and the housing 311 is equivalently through the elastic body 331 and damping The member 332 is connected, and the shell 311 and the panel 321 are equivalently connected through the elastic body 341 . The fixed end 301 may be a relatively fixed point or a relatively fixed region during the vibration of the bone conduction speaker (details will be described below). The elastic body 331 and the damper 332 are determined by the connection method between the earphone holder/earphone strap and the shell, and the influencing factors include the stiffness, shape, and material of the earphone holder/earphone strap, as well as the connection between the earphone holder/earphone strap and the shell The material properties of the part. The earphone stand/earphone strap mentioned here provides the mutual contact pressure between the bone conduction speaker and the user. The elastic body 341 is determined by the connection mode between the panel 321 (or the system composed of the panel and the transducer device) and the housing 311 , and the influencing factors include the above-mentioned connecting piece 240 . Then the vibration equation can be expressed as:
mx2″+Rx2′-k1(x1-x2)+k2x2＝0 (1)mx2 ″+Rx2 ′-k1 (x1 -x2 )+k2 x2 ＝0 (1)
其中，m为外壳311的质量，x1为面板321的位移，x2为外壳311的位移，R为振动阻尼，k1为弹性体341的劲度系数，k2为弹性体331的劲度系数。在稳定振动的情况下(不考虑瞬态响应)，可以导出外壳振动与面板振动的比值x2/x1：Wherein, m is the mass of the shell 311, x1 is the displacement of the panel 321, x2 is the displacement of the shell 311, R is the vibration damping, k1 is the stiffness coefficient of the elastic body 341, and k2 is the stiffness of the elastic body 331 coefficient. In the case of steady vibration (without considering the transient response), the ratio x2 /x1 of the enclosure vibration to the panel vibration can be derived:
这里所说的外壳振动与面板振动的比值x2/x1可以反映出骨传导扬声器漏音大小。一般而言，x2/x1的值越大，说明外壳的振动相比于传递给听力系统的有效振动就越大，在相同的音量下，漏音就越大；x2/x1的值越小，说明外壳的振动相比于传递给听力系统的有效振动就越小，在相同的音量下，漏音就越小。由此可见，影响骨传导扬声器漏音大小的因素包括，面板321(或者面板与换能装置所组成的系统)和外壳311之间的连接方式(弹性体341的劲度系数k1)，耳机架/耳机挂带和外壳系统(k2,R,m)等。在一个实施例中，弹性体331的劲度系数k1，外壳质量m以及阻尼R与扬声器的形状和佩戴方式相关，在k1，m，R确定后，x2/x1和弹性体341的劲度系数k1之间的关系如图3‐A所示。由图中可看出，不同劲度系数k1会影响外壳振动幅度与面板振动幅度的比值，即x2/x1。当频率f大于200Hz时，外壳的振动都小于面板的振动(x2/x1<1)，且随着频率的增加，外壳的振动逐渐变小。特别的，如图3-B所示，对于不同的k1的值(从左向右依次设定劲度系数为k2的5倍、10倍、20倍、40倍、80倍和160倍)，当频率大于400Hz时，外壳振动已经小于面板振动的1/10(x2/x1<0.1)。在具体实施例中，减小劲度系数k1的值(例如，选用劲度系数小的连接件240)，可以有效地减少外壳的振动，从而降低漏音。The ratio x2 /x1 of the shell vibration to the panel vibration mentioned here can reflect the sound leakage of the bone conduction speaker. Generally speaking, the larger the value of x2 /x1 , the greater the vibration of the shell compared to the effective vibration transmitted to the hearing system, and the greater the sound leakage at the same volume; the greater the value of x2 /x1 The smaller the value, the smaller the vibration of the shell compared to the effective vibration transmitted to the hearing system, and the smaller the sound leakage at the same volume. It can be seen that the factors affecting the sound leakage of the bone conduction speaker include the connection mode between the panel 321 (or the system composed of the panel and the transducing device) and the shell 311 (stiffness coefficient k1 of the elastic body 341), the headphone Rack/earphone strap and shell system (k2 ,R,m), etc. In one embodiment, the stiffness coefficient k1 of the elastic body 331 , the shell mass m and the damping R are related to the shape and wearing style of the speaker. After k1 , m, and R are determined, x2 /x1 and the elastic body 341 The relationship between the stiffness coefficient k1 is shown in Fig. 3-A. It can be seen from the figure that different stiffness coefficient k1 will affect the ratio of the vibration amplitude of the shell to the vibration amplitude of the panel, that is, x2 /x1 . When the frequency f is greater than 200Hz, the vibration of the housing is smaller than that of the panel (x2 /x1 <1), and the vibration of the housing becomes smaller as the frequency increases. In particular, as shown in Figure 3-B, for different values ofk1 (from left to right, the stiffness coefficients are set to be5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 40 times, 80 times and 160 times of k2 ), when the frequency is greater than 400Hz, the shell vibration is already less than 1/10 of the panel vibration (x2 /x1 <0.1). In a specific embodiment, reducing the value of the stiffness coefficient k1 (for example, selecting the connecting piece 240 with a small stiffness coefficient) can effectively reduce the vibration of the casing, thereby reducing sound leakage.
在具体实施例中，使用特定材料和连接方式的连接件可以降低漏音。例如，面板、换能装置和外壳之间采用具有一定弹性的连接件连接，可以在面板在较大幅度的振动下，外壳的振动幅度较小，降低漏音。可用于制作连接件的材料有很多种，包括但不限于，不锈钢、铍铜、塑胶(例如，聚碳酸酯)等。连接件的形状可以设置成很多种。例如，连接件可以是一种圆环体，圆环体中向中心辐辏至少两个支杆，圆环体的厚度不低于0.005mm，优选地，厚度为0.005mm‐3mm，更优选地，厚度为0.01mm‐2mm，再优选地，厚度为0.01mm‐1mm，进一步优选地，厚度为0.02mm‐0.5mm。在另一个实例中，连接件可以是一种圆环片，圆环片上可以进一步设置有多圈间断的环孔，每圈环孔之间形成间断间隔。再例如，可以在外壳或者面板(或者在面板外侧的振动传递层，下文中会详细描述)上开设一定数量的满足一定条件的引声孔，在换能装置振动过程中能够将壳内声波振动引导传播至壳外，与外壳振动所形成的漏音声波相互作用，达到抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的效果。又如，可以选择吸声材料做成的外壳，或者在至少一部分壳体上使用吸声材料。吸声材料可以用于壳体上的一个或多个内/外表面，也可以是壳体上一个内/外表面上的一部分区域。吸声材料是指能够借助材料自身的物理属性(例如但不限于多孔性)、薄膜作用、共振作用中一种或多种机制而对入射的声音能量具有吸收的作用的材料。特别地，吸声材料可以是多孔材料或者具有多孔结构的材料，包括但不限于有机纤维材料(例如但不限于，天然植物纤维、有机合成纤维等)、无机纤维材料(例如但不限于，玻璃棉、矿渣棉、硅酸铝棉和岩棉等)、金属吸声材料(例如但不限于，金属纤维吸声板、泡沫金属材料等)、橡胶吸声材料、泡沫塑料吸声材料(例如但不限于，聚氨酯泡沫、聚氯乙烯泡沫、聚丙烯酸酯聚苯乙烯泡沫、酚醛树脂泡沫等)等；也可以是通过共振吸声的柔性材料，包括但不限于闭孔型泡沫塑料；膜状材料，包括但不限于塑料膜、布、帆布、漆布或人造革；板状材料，包括但不限于如硬质纤维板、石膏板、塑料板、金属板)或穿孔板(如在板状材料上打孔制得)。吸声材料可以是一种或者多种的组合，也可以是复合材料。吸声材料可以设置在外壳上，也可以分别设置在振动外壳的振动传递层或外壳上。In particular embodiments, the use of connectors with specific materials and attachment methods can reduce sound leakage. For example, the panel, the transducer device, and the housing are connected by a connecting piece with certain elasticity, which can reduce the vibration amplitude of the housing when the panel vibrates relatively large, thereby reducing sound leakage. There are many kinds of materials that can be used to make the connecting member, including but not limited to, stainless steel, beryllium copper, plastic (eg, polycarbonate), and the like. The shape of the connector can be set in many ways. For example, the connector can be a torus, in which at least two struts converge towards the center, the thickness of the torus is not less than 0.005mm, preferably, the thickness is 0.005mm-3mm, more preferably, The thickness is 0.01mm-2mm, more preferably, the thickness is 0.01mm-1mm, further preferably, the thickness is 0.02mm-0.5mm. In another example, the connecting piece may be a ring piece, and the ring piece may further be provided with multiple rings of discontinuous ring holes, and an intermittent space is formed between each ring of ring holes. For another example, a certain number of sound-introducing holes satisfying certain conditions can be opened on the shell or the panel (or the vibration transmission layer outside the panel, which will be described in detail below), so that the sound waves in the shell can be vibrated during the vibration process of the transducer device. It is guided and transmitted to the outside of the shell, and interacts with the leakage sound waves formed by the vibration of the shell to achieve the effect of suppressing the sound leakage of bone conduction speakers. As another example, a shell made of sound-absorbing material may be selected, or sound-absorbing material may be used on at least a part of the shell. The sound-absorbing material may be applied to one or more interior/exterior surfaces of the housing, or may be a portion of an interior/exterior surface on the housing. A sound-absorbing material refers to a material that can absorb incident sound energy by virtue of one or more of the physical properties of the material itself (such as but not limited to porosity), thin-film effect, and resonance. In particular, the sound-absorbing material can be a porous material or a material with a porous structure, including but not limited to organic fiber materials (such as but not limited to, natural plant fibers, organic synthetic fibers, etc.), inorganic fiber materials (such as but not limited to, glass cotton, slag wool, aluminum silicate wool and rock wool, etc.), metal sound-absorbing materials (such as but not limited to, metal fiber sound-absorbing panels, foam metal materials, etc.), rubber sound-absorbing materials, foam plastic sound-absorbing materials (such as but not limited to Not limited to, polyurethane foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, polyacrylate polystyrene foam, phenolic resin foam, etc.); can also be flexible materials that absorb sound through resonance, including but not limited to closed-cell foam plastics; film-like materials , including but not limited to plastic film, cloth, canvas, linoleum or artificial leather; board-like materials, including but not limited to such as hardboard, gypsum board, plastic board, metal board) or perforated boards (such as punching holes in board-like materials be made of). The sound-absorbing material can be a combination of one or more, or a composite material. The sound-absorbing material can be arranged on the casing, or on the vibration transmission layer or the casing of the vibrating casing respectively.
这里所说的外壳、振动传递层以及与振动传递层贴合的面板共同构成骨传导扬声器的振动单元。换能装置位于该振动单元中，并且通过与面板和外壳的连接将振动传递到振动单元上。优选的，振动单元至少有超过1％是吸声材料，更优选的，振动单元至少有超过5％的吸声材料，进一步优选地，振动单元至少有超过10％的吸声材料。优选地，外壳上至少有超过5％是吸声材料，更优选地，外壳上至少有超过10％是吸声材料，进一步优选地，外壳上有超过40％是吸声材料，再进一步优选地，外壳上至少有超过80％是吸声材料。在进一步的实施例中，可以引入补偿电路，根据漏音声音的性质进行主动控制，产生与漏音声音相位相反的的反向信号，从而抑制漏音。应当注意的是，以上描述的改变骨传导扬声器音质的方式可以进行选择或组合使用，得到多种实施方案，这些实施方案也仍在本发明的保护范围内。The shell, the vibration transmission layer and the panel attached to the vibration transmission layer mentioned here together constitute the vibration unit of the bone conduction speaker. The transducer device is located in the vibration unit, and transmits the vibration to the vibration unit through the connection with the panel and the casing. Preferably, at least 1% of the vibrating unit is made of sound-absorbing material, more preferably, at least more than 5% of the vibrating unit is made of sound-absorbing material, further preferably, at least more than 10% of the vibrating unit is made of sound-absorbing material. Preferably, at least more than 5% of the shell is made of sound-absorbing material, more preferably, at least more than 10% of the shell is made of sound-absorbing material, further preferably, more than 40% of the shell is made of sound-absorbing material, still more preferably , at least more than 80% of the shell is sound-absorbing material. In a further embodiment, a compensation circuit may be introduced to actively control according to the nature of the leakage sound, and generate an opposite signal with a phase opposite to that of the leakage sound, thereby suppressing the leakage sound. It should be noted that the methods for changing the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker described above can be selected or used in combination to obtain various implementations, and these implementations are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
以上对骨传导扬声器振动产生部分结构的描述仅仅只是具体的示例，不应被视为是唯一可行的实施方案。显然，对于本领域的专业人员来说，在了解基本原理后，可能在不背离这一原理的情况下，对实施振动的具体结构和连接方式进行各种修正和改变，但是这些修正和改变仍在以上描述的范围之内。例如，图2‐B，2‐C中的连接部分250可以是面板220上的一部分，采用胶水粘结在换能装置230上；也可以是换能装置230的一部分(例如，振动板上的凸起部分)，采用胶水粘结在面板220上；也可以是独立的一个组件，采用胶水同时粘结在面板220和换能装置230上。当然，连接部分250和面板220或者换能装置230之间的连接方式并不限于粘结，本领域的技术人员可以获知的其他连接方式也适用于本发明，例如，可以采用卡接或者焊接的方式。优选地，面板220与外壳210之间可以直接采用胶水粘结的方式，更优选地，可以通过类似于弹性件240的组件连接，进一步优选地，可以通过在面板220外侧加上振动传递层(下文中会详细描述)的方式连接在外壳210上。需要注意的是，连接部分250是描述不同组件间连接的示意图，本领域的技术人员可以采用具有类似功能和不同形状的组件来替代，这些替代和改变仍然在上述描述的保护范围之内。The above description of the structure of the vibration generating part of the bone conduction speaker is only a specific example, and should not be regarded as the only feasible implementation. Obviously, for professionals in the field, after understanding the basic principle, it is possible to make various amendments and changes to the specific structure and connection method for implementing vibration without departing from this principle, but these amendments and changes are still within the range described above. For example, in Fig. 2-B, the connection part 250 in 2-C can be a part on the panel 220, adopt glue to bond on the transducing device 230; The protruding part) is bonded to the panel 220 with glue; it can also be an independent component, which is bonded to the panel 220 and the transducer device 230 at the same time with glue. Of course, the connection method between the connection part 250 and the panel 220 or the transducer device 230 is not limited to bonding, and other connection methods known to those skilled in the art are also applicable to the present invention, for example, clamping or welding can be used. Way. Preferably, the panel 220 and the shell 210 can be directly bonded by glue, more preferably, can be connected through components similar to the elastic member 240, and more preferably, can be connected by adding a vibration transmission layer ( hereinafter will be described in detail) connected to the shell 210. It should be noted that the connection part 250 is a schematic diagram describing the connection between different components, and those skilled in the art can replace them with components with similar functions and different shapes, and these substitutions and changes are still within the protection scope of the above description.
在步骤103，声音通过传递系统传递给听力系统。传递系统可以是通过介质将声音振动直接传递给听力系统，也可以包括在声音传递过程中经过一定的处理后再传递给听力系统。At step 103, the sound is delivered to the hearing system through the delivery system. The transmission system may directly transmit the sound vibration to the hearing system through a medium, or may include transmitting the sound vibration to the hearing system after certain processing during the sound transmission process.
例如，骨传导扬声器的面板将振动通过人体组织传递给人体的听力系统，改变面板的材质、接触面积、形状和/或大小，以及面板和皮肤间的相互作用力，都可以影响声音通过介质的传递效率，从而影响音质。例如，在相同的驱动下，不同大小的面板传递的振动在佩戴者贴合面上有不同的分布，进而会带来音量和音质的差异。优选地，面板的面积不小于0.15cm2，更优选地，面积不小于0.5cm2，进一步优选地，面积不小于2cm2。再例如，面板受换能装置的带动而振动，面板与换能装置的粘结点在面板振动的中心，优选地，面板围绕所述振动中心的质量分布是均匀的(即振动中心是面板的物理中心)，更优选地，使面板围绕所述振动中的质量不均匀分布(即振动中心偏离面板的物理中心)。又例如，一个振动板可以连接到多个面板上，多个面板间的形状、材质可以彼此相同也可以不同，多个面板间可以相连也可以不相连，多个面板利用多个途径传递声音振动，不同路径间的振动传递方式互不相同，传递到面板的位置也不相同，不同面板之间的振动信号可以互补，生成较为平坦的频率响应。再例如，将一块面积较大的振动板分割为两块或多块面积较小的振动板，可以有效地改善在高频时面板形变引起的不均匀振动，使频率响应更为理想。For example, the panel of a bone conduction speaker transmits vibration to the hearing system of the human body through human tissue, and changing the material, contact area, shape and/or size of the panel, as well as the interaction force between the panel and the skin, can affect the sound transmission through the medium. Transfer efficiency, which affects sound quality. For example, under the same drive, the vibrations transmitted by panels of different sizes have different distributions on the wearer's fitting surface, which will lead to differences in volume and sound quality. Preferably, the area of the panel is not less than 0.15 cm2 , more preferably, the area is not less than 0.5 cm2 , further preferably, the area is not less than 2 cm2 . For another example, the panel is driven by the transducer to vibrate, and the bonding point between the panel and the transducer is at the center of panel vibration. Preferably, the mass distribution of the panel around the vibration center is uniform (that is, the vibration center is the center of the panel). physical center), more preferably the panel is unevenly distributed around said vibrating mass (ie the center of vibration is offset from the physical center of the panel). For another example, a vibrating plate can be connected to multiple panels. The shapes and materials of multiple panels can be the same or different from each other. Multiple panels can be connected or not connected. Multiple panels transmit sound vibrations in multiple ways. , the vibration transmission modes between different paths are different, and the positions transmitted to the panels are also different. The vibration signals between different panels can complement each other to generate a relatively flat frequency response. For another example, dividing a larger vibrating plate into two or more smaller vibrating plates can effectively improve the uneven vibration caused by panel deformation at high frequencies and make the frequency response more ideal.
值得注意的是，面板的物理属性，例如质量、大小、形状、刚度、振动阻尼等都会影响面板振动的效率。本领域的技术人员可以根据实际需要选择适当材料做成的面板，或者使用不同模具将面板注塑成不同的形状，优选地，面板的形状可以设置成长方形、圆形或椭圆形，更优选地，面板的形状可以是将长方形、圆形或椭圆形的边缘进行切割后所获得的图形(例如但不限于，将圆形对称切割获得类似椭圆的形状等)，进一步优选地，面板可以设置成镂空的。这里所说的面板材料包括但不限于丙烯腈‐丁二烯‐苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)，聚碳酸酯(PC)，聚酰胺(PA)以及一些金属或者合金(如铝合金)等，相关参数包括材料的相对密度，拉伸强度，弹性模量，洛氏硬度等。优选的，面板材料的相对密度为1.02‐1.50，更优选地，相对密度为1.14‐1.45，进一步优选地，相对密度为1.15‐1.20。面板的拉伸强度不小于30MPa，更优选地，拉伸强度为33MPa‐52MPa，进一步优选地，拉伸强度不小于60MPa。面板材料的弹性模量可以在1.0GPa‐5.0GPa内，更优选地，弹性模量在1.4GPa‐3.0GPa，进一步优选地，弹性模量在1.8GPa‐2.5GPa。类似的，面板材料的硬度(洛氏硬度)可以是60‐150，更优选地，硬度可以是80‐120，进一步优选地，硬度可以是90‐100。特别的，同时考虑面板材料和拉伸强度，可以是相对密度为1.02‐1.1，拉伸强度为33MPa‐52MPa，更优选地，面板材料的相对密度为1.20‐1.45，拉伸强度为56‐66MPa。It is worth noting that the physical properties of the panel, such as mass, size, shape, stiffness, vibration damping, etc., all affect the efficiency with which the panel vibrates. Those skilled in the art can select panels made of appropriate materials according to actual needs, or use different molds to inject the panels into different shapes. Preferably, the shape of the panels can be set to be rectangular, circular or oval. More preferably, The shape of the panel can be a figure obtained by cutting the edge of a rectangle, a circle or an ellipse (for example, but not limited to, cutting a circle symmetrically to obtain a shape similar to an ellipse, etc.), and further preferably, the panel can be set to be hollowed out of. The panel materials mentioned here include but are not limited to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA) and some metals or alloys (such as aluminum alloy), etc. Parameters include material relative density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, Rockwell hardness, etc. Preferably, the relative density of the panel material is 1.02-1.50, more preferably, the relative density is 1.14-1.45, further preferably, the relative density is 1.15-1.20. The tensile strength of the panel is not less than 30MPa, more preferably, the tensile strength is 33MPa-52MPa, more preferably, the tensile strength is not less than 60MPa. The modulus of elasticity of the panel material may be within 1.0GPa-5.0GPa, more preferably, the modulus of elasticity is within 1.4GPa-3.0GPa, further preferably, the modulus of elasticity is within 1.8GPa-2.5GPa. Similarly, the hardness (Rockwell hardness) of the panel material may be 60-150, more preferably, the hardness may be 80-120, and further preferably, the hardness may be 90-100. In particular, considering both the panel material and the tensile strength, the relative density can be 1.02-1.1, and the tensile strength is 33MPa-52MPa. More preferably, the relative density of the panel material is 1.20-1.45, and the tensile strength is 56-66MPa .
在其他一些实施例中，骨传导扬声器的面板外侧包裹着振动传递层，振动传递层与皮肤接触，面板和振动传递层组成的振动体系将产生的声音振动传递给人体组织。优选地，面板外侧包裹一层振动传递层，更优选地，面板外侧包裹多层振动传递层；振动传递层可以是由一种或多种材料制成，不同振动传递层的材料构成可以相同，也可以不同；多层振动传递层之间可以是在面板垂直的方向上相互叠加，也可以是在面板水平的方向上铺开排列，或者以上两种排列方式的组合。振动传递层的面积可以设定为不同的大小，优选地，振动传递层的面积不小于1cm2，更优选地，振动传递层的面积不小于2cm2，进一步优选地，振动传递层的面积不小于6cm2。In some other embodiments, the outside of the panel of the bone conduction speaker is wrapped with a vibration transmission layer, the vibration transmission layer is in contact with the skin, and the vibration system composed of the panel and the vibration transmission layer transmits the generated sound vibrations to human tissues. Preferably, a vibration transmission layer is wrapped on the outside of the panel, and more preferably, multiple vibration transmission layers are wrapped on the outside of the panel; the vibration transmission layer can be made of one or more materials, and the materials of different vibration transmission layers can be the same, It can also be different; the multi-layer vibration transmission layers can be superimposed on each other in the vertical direction of the panel, or spread out in the horizontal direction of the panel, or a combination of the above two arrangements. The area of the vibration transmission layer can be set to different sizes, preferably, the area of the vibration transmission layer is not less than 1 cm2 , more preferably, the area of the vibration transmission layer is not less than 2 cm2 , further preferably, the area of the vibration transmission layer is not less than 6cm2 .
振动传递层的构成可以是具有一定吸附性、柔性、化学性的材料，例如塑料(例如但不限于高分子聚乙烯、吹塑尼龙、工程塑料等)，橡胶，也可以是能达到同样性能的其他单一或复合材料。对于橡胶的种类，例如但不限于通用型橡胶和特种型橡胶。通用型橡胶包含但不限于天然橡胶、异戊橡胶、丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、氯丁橡胶等。特种型橡胶又包含但不限于丁腈橡胶、硅橡胶、氟橡胶、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、氯醇橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、环氧丙烷橡胶等。其中，丁苯橡胶包含并不限于乳液聚合丁苯橡胶和溶液聚合丁苯橡胶。对于复合材料，例如但不限于玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、石墨纤维、纤维、石墨烯纤维、碳化硅纤维或芳纶纤维等增强材料。也可以是其它有机和/或无机材料的复合物，例如玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂基体组成的各类玻璃钢。其他可用于制成振动传递层的材料还包括硅胶、聚氨酯(Poly Urethane)、聚碳酸酯(Poly Carbonate)中的一种或多种的组合。The composition of the vibration transmission layer can be materials with certain adsorption, flexibility and chemical properties, such as plastics (such as but not limited to high molecular polyethylene, blown nylon, engineering plastics, etc.), rubber, or materials that can achieve the same performance. Other single or composite materials. For the types of rubber, such as but not limited to general-purpose rubber and special-purpose rubber. General-purpose rubber includes, but is not limited to, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, and neoprene. Special rubbers include but are not limited to nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, chlorohydrin rubber, acrylic rubber, propylene oxide rubber, etc. Wherein, the styrene-butadiene rubber includes, but is not limited to, emulsion polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber and solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber. For composite materials, such as but not limited to glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, graphite fiber, fiber, graphene fiber, silicon carbide fiber or aramid fiber and other reinforcing materials. It can also be a composite of other organic and/or inorganic materials, such as glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin or phenolic resin matrix composed of various types of FRP. Other materials that can be used to make the vibration transmission layer include one or more combinations of silica gel, polyurethane (Poly Urethane), and polycarbonate (Poly Carbonate).
振动传递层的存在能够影响系统的频率响应，改变骨传导扬声器的音质，同时也能起到对壳内元件的保护作用。例如，振动传递层能够改变面板的振动方式，使得系统整体的频率响应更平缓。面板的振动方式受到面板本身属性、面板和振动板的连接方式、面板和振动传递层的连接方式、振动频率等因素的影响。面板本身属性包括但不限于面板的质量、大小、形状、刚度、振动阻尼等。优选地，可以采用厚度不均匀的面板(例如但不限于，面板中心厚度大于边缘厚度)。面板和振动板的连接方式包括但不限于胶水粘结、卡接或焊接等；面板和振动传递层的连接包括但不限于胶水连接；不同的振动频率会对应面板不同的振动方式，包括面板整体的平移以及不同程度的扭转平移，选择在特定频率范围内具有特定振动方式的面板可以改变骨传导扬声器的音质。优选地，这里所说的特定的频率范围可以是20Hz‐20000Hz，更优选地，频率范围可以是400Hz‐10000Hz，进一步优选地，频率范围可以是500Hz‐2000Hz，再进一步优选地，频率范围可以是800Hz‐1500Hz。The existence of the vibration transmission layer can affect the frequency response of the system, change the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker, and also protect the components inside the shell. For example, the vibration transfer layer can change the way the panel vibrates, making the overall frequency response of the system smoother. The vibration mode of the panel is affected by factors such as the properties of the panel itself, the connection mode between the panel and the vibration plate, the connection mode between the panel and the vibration transmission layer, and the vibration frequency. The properties of the panel itself include but are not limited to the mass, size, shape, stiffness, vibration damping, etc. of the panel. Preferably, panels with non-uniform thickness can be used (for example, but not limited to, the thickness of the center of the panel is greater than that of the edges). The connection method between the panel and the vibrating plate includes but not limited to glue bonding, clamping or welding; the connection between the panel and the vibration transmission layer includes but not limited to the glue connection; different vibration frequencies will correspond to different vibration modes of the panel, including the whole panel Selecting a panel that vibrates in a specific way over a specific frequency range can change the sound quality of a bone conduction speaker. Preferably, the specific frequency range mentioned here can be 20Hz-20000Hz, more preferably, the frequency range can be 400Hz-10000Hz, further preferably, the frequency range can be 500Hz-2000Hz, and further preferably, the frequency range can be 800Hz-1500Hz.
优选地，以上所描述的振动传递层包裹在面板外侧，构成振动单元的一个侧面。振动传递层上不同区域对振动的传递效果不同。例如，振动传递层上存在第一接触面区域和第二接触面区域，优选地，第一接触面区域不与面板贴合，第二接触面区域与面板贴合；更优选地，振动传递层与使用者直接或间接接触时，第一接触面区域上的夹紧力小于第二接触面区域上的夹紧力(这里所说的夹紧力是指在振动单元的接触面与使用者之间的压力)；进一步优选地，第一接触面区域不与使用者直接接触，第二接触面区域与使用者直接接触并传递振动。第一接触面区域的面积大小和第二接触面区域的面积大小不等，优选地，第一接触面区域的面积小于第二接触面区域的面积，更优选地，第一接触面区域存在小孔，进一步减小第一接触区域的面积；振动传递层的外侧表面(即面向使用者面)可以是平坦的，也可以是不平坦的，优选地，第一接触面区域和第二接触面区域不在同一平面上；更优选地，第二接触面区域高于第一接触面区域；进一步优选地，第二接触面区域和第一接触面区域构成台阶结构；更进一步优选地，第二接触面区与使用者接触，第一接触面区域不与使用者接触。第一接触面区域和第二接触面区域的组成材料可以是相同也可以是不同的，可以是以上描述的振动传递层材料中的一种或多种的组合。以上对于接触面上夹紧力的描述只是本发明的一种表现形式，本领域内的技术人员可以根据实际需要对以上描述的结构和方式进行修改，而这些修改仍然在本发明的保护范围之内。例如，振动传递层可以不是必须的，面板可以直接与使用者接触，面板上可以设置不同的接触面区域，不同的接触面区域拥有与以上描述的第一接触面区域和第二接触面区域类似的性质。再例如，接触面上可以设置第三接触面区域，第三接触面区域上可以设置不同于第一接触面区域和第二接触面区域的结构，并且这些结构能够在减小外壳振动、抑制漏音、改善振动单元的频率响应曲线等方面获得一定的效果。Preferably, the vibration transmission layer described above is wrapped on the outside of the panel to form one side of the vibration unit. Different regions on the vibration transmission layer have different vibration transmission effects. For example, there are a first contact surface area and a second contact surface area on the vibration transmission layer. Preferably, the first contact surface area is not bonded to the panel, and the second contact surface area is bonded to the panel; more preferably, the vibration transmission layer When in direct or indirect contact with the user, the clamping force on the first contact surface area is smaller than the clamping force on the second contact surface area (the clamping force mentioned here refers to the gap between the contact surface of the vibration unit and the user). pressure between them); further preferably, the first contact surface area is not in direct contact with the user, and the second contact surface area is in direct contact with the user and transmits vibrations. The area size of the first contact surface area is not equal to the area size of the second contact surface area. Preferably, the area of the first contact surface area is smaller than the area of the second contact surface area. More preferably, the first contact surface area has a small The hole further reduces the area of the first contact area; the outer surface of the vibration transmission layer (that is, the user-facing surface) can be flat or uneven. Preferably, the first contact area and the second contact area The regions are not on the same plane; more preferably, the second contact surface region is higher than the first contact surface region; further preferably, the second contact surface region and the first contact surface region form a stepped structure; even more preferably, the second contact surface region The surface area is in contact with the user, and the first contact surface area is not in contact with the user. The constituent materials of the first contact surface region and the second contact surface region may be the same or different, and may be one or more combinations of the vibration transmission layer materials described above. The above description of the clamping force on the contact surface is only a form of expression of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can modify the structure and method described above according to actual needs, and these modifications are still within the protection scope of the present invention Inside. For example, the vibration transmission layer may not be necessary, the panel may be in direct contact with the user, and different contact surface areas may be provided on the panel, and the different contact surface areas have the same characteristics as the first contact surface area and the second contact surface area described above. nature. For another example, a third contact surface area may be provided on the contact surface, and structures different from the first contact surface area and the second contact surface area may be provided on the third contact surface area, and these structures can reduce the vibration of the housing and suppress leakage. Sound, improve the frequency response curve of the vibration unit and other aspects to achieve a certain effect.
作为一个具体的实施例，图4‐A和4‐B分别是面板和振动传递层相连的正视图和侧视图。其中，面板401与振动传递层403通过胶水402粘结，面板401由圆形薄板经切割获得，胶水粘结处位于面板401两端，面板401位于振动传递层403和壳体404形成的外壳内。优选地，面板401在振动传递层403上的投影为第二接触面区域，位于第二接触面区域周围的区域是第一接触面区域。As a specific embodiment, Figures 4-A and 4-B are respectively a front view and a side view of the connection between the panel and the vibration transmission layer. Wherein, the panel 401 and the vibration transmission layer 403 are bonded by glue 402, the panel 401 is obtained by cutting a circular thin plate, the glue joints are located at both ends of the panel 401, and the panel 401 is located in the shell formed by the vibration transmission layer 403 and the housing 404 . Preferably, the projection of the panel 401 on the vibration transmission layer 403 is the second contact surface area, and the area around the second contact surface area is the first contact surface area.
面板和振动传递层之间可以采用胶水完全粘贴，则等效地改变了面板的质量、大小、形状、刚度、振动阻尼、振动模态等属性，也使得振动传递效率更高；面板和传递层之间也可以只使用胶水部分粘结，则面板和传递层间非粘贴区域存在气体传导，可以增强低频振动的传递，改善声音中低频的效果，优选地，胶水面积占面板面积的1％‐98％，更优选地，胶水面积占面板面积的5％‐90％，再优选地，胶水面积占面板面积的10％‐60％，更进一步优选地，胶水面积占面板面积的20％‐40％；面板和传递层之间也可以不使用胶水粘结，则面板和传递层的振动传递效率不同于使用胶水粘结的情况，也会改变骨传导扬声器的音质。在具体的实施例中，改变胶水的粘贴方式能够改变骨传导扬声器中相应组件的振动方式，从而改变声音的产生和传递效果。进一步的，胶水的性质也会影响骨传导扬声器的音质，例如胶水的硬度、剪切强度、抗拉强度和延展性等。例如，优选地，胶水抗拉强度不小于1MPa，更优选地，抗拉强度不小于2MPa，进一步优选地，抗拉强度不小于5MPa；优选地，胶水的扯断伸长率是100％‐500％，更优选地，扯断伸长率是200％‐400％；优选地，胶水的剪切强度不小于2MPa，更优选地，剪切强度不小于3MPa；优选地，胶水的邵氏硬度在25‐30，更优选地，邵氏硬度在30‐50。可以使用一种胶水，也可以将不同属性的胶水组合使用。胶水与面板以及胶水与塑胶间的粘结强度也可以设置在一定范围，例如但不限于，8MPa‐14MPa内。应当注意的是，实施例中的振动传递层材料不限于硅胶，也可以采用塑料、生物材料或者其它具有一定吸附性、柔性、化学性的材料。本领域的技术人员也可以根据实际需要决定选用胶水的类型和属性，以及与胶水粘结的面板材料和振动传递层材料，从一定程度上决定骨传导扬声器的音质。The panel and the vibration transmission layer can be pasted completely with glue, which equivalently changes the quality, size, shape, stiffness, vibration damping, vibration mode and other properties of the panel, and also makes the vibration transmission more efficient; the panel and the transmission layer It is also possible to only use glue to partially bond between the panel and the non-adhesive area between the transmission layer, which can enhance the transmission of low-frequency vibrations and improve the effect of low-frequency sound. Preferably, the glue area accounts for 1% of the panel area- 98%, more preferably, the glue area accounts for 5%-90% of the panel area, more preferably, the glue area accounts for 10%-60% of the panel area, more preferably, the glue area accounts for 20%-40% of the panel area %; Glue may not be used for bonding between the panel and the transmission layer, then the vibration transmission efficiency of the panel and the transmission layer is different from the situation of using glue bonding, and the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker will also be changed. In a specific embodiment, changing the way the glue is pasted can change the vibration mode of the corresponding components in the bone conduction speaker, thereby changing the effect of sound generation and transmission. Furthermore, the properties of the glue will also affect the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker, such as the hardness, shear strength, tensile strength and ductility of the glue. For example, preferably, the tensile strength of the glue is not less than 1MPa, more preferably, the tensile strength is not less than 2MPa, further preferably, the tensile strength is not less than 5MPa; preferably, the elongation at break of the glue is 100%-500 %, more preferably, the elongation at break is 200%-400%; preferably, the shear strength of the glue is not less than 2MPa, more preferably, the shear strength is not less than 3MPa; preferably, the Shore hardness of the glue is at 25-30, more preferably, the Shore hardness is 30-50. One type of glue can be used, or a combination of glues with different properties can be used. The bonding strength between the glue and the panel and between the glue and the plastic can also be set within a certain range, such as but not limited to, 8MPa-14MPa. It should be noted that the material of the vibration transmission layer in the embodiment is not limited to silica gel, and plastics, biomaterials, or other materials with certain adsorption, flexibility, and chemical properties can also be used. Those skilled in the art can also determine the type and properties of the glue to be selected according to actual needs, as well as the panel material and the vibration transmission layer material bonded with the glue, which to a certain extent determine the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker.
图5是骨传导扬声器振动产生部分中各部件连接方式的一个具体实施例。换能装置510连接在外壳520上，面板530与振动传递层540之间通过胶水550粘结，振动传递层540的边缘与壳体520连接。在不同实施例中，可以通过改变胶水550的分布、硬度或数量，或者改变传递层540的硬度等来改变骨传导扬声器的频率响应，从而改变音质。优选地，面板和振动传递层间可以不涂抹胶水，更优选地，面板和振动传递层间可以涂满胶水，进一步优选地，面板和振动传递层间部分区域涂抹胶水，再进一步优选地，面板和振动传递层间涂抹胶水的区域面积不大于面板的面积。Fig. 5 is a specific embodiment of the connection method of various components in the vibration generating part of the bone conduction speaker. The transducer device 510 is connected to the housing 520 , the panel 530 and the vibration transmission layer 540 are bonded by glue 550 , and the edge of the vibration transmission layer 540 is connected to the casing 520 . In different embodiments, the frequency response of the bone conduction speaker can be changed by changing the distribution, hardness or quantity of the glue 550 , or changing the hardness of the transmission layer 540 , thereby changing the sound quality. Preferably, glue may not be applied between the panel and the vibration transmission layer, more preferably, glue may be applied between the panel and the vibration transmission layer, further preferably, glue is applied to a part of the area between the panel and the vibration transmission layer, and further preferably, the panel The area where the glue is applied between the vibration transmission layer and the vibration transmission layer is not larger than the area of the panel.
本领域的技术人员可以根据实际需要决定选用胶水的数量，从而达到调节扬声器音质的效果。如图6所示，在一个实施例中，反映出不同的胶水连接方式对骨传导扬声器的频率响应的影响。三条曲线分别对应无振动传递层和胶水，振动传递层和面板间未涂满胶水，以及振动传递层和面板间涂满胶水时的频率响应。可以看出，相对于涂满胶水的情况，在振动传递层和面板间涂上少量胶水或者不涂胶水时，骨传导扬声器的谐振频率会向低频偏移。振动传递层和面板间通过胶水的粘结情况，可以反映出振动传递层对振动系统的影响。因此，改变胶水的粘结方式，可以使得骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线有明显的变化。Those skilled in the art can determine the amount of glue to be selected according to actual needs, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the sound quality of the speaker. As shown in FIG. 6 , in an embodiment, it reflects the influence of different glue connection methods on the frequency response of the bone conduction speaker. The three curves correspond to the frequency responses of no vibration transfer layer and glue, no glue between the vibration transfer layer and the panel, and full glue between the vibration transfer layer and the panel. It can be seen that, compared with the case of full glue, when a small amount of glue or no glue is applied between the vibration transmission layer and the panel, the resonant frequency of the bone conduction speaker will shift to the low frequency. The bonding between the vibration transmission layer and the panel through glue can reflect the influence of the vibration transmission layer on the vibration system. Therefore, changing the bonding method of the glue can significantly change the frequency response curve of the bone conduction speaker.
本领域的工作人员可以根据实际的频率响应需求，调整和改进胶水的粘结方式、数量，从而改善系统的音质。类似的，在另一个实施例中，图7反映出不同振动传递层的硬度对振动响应曲线的影响。实线是采用较硬的传递层的骨传导扬声器所对应的振动响应曲线，虚线是采用较软的传递层的骨传导扬声器所对应的振动响应曲线。可以看出，采用不同硬度的振动传递层可以使骨传导扬声器获得不同的频率响应。振动传递层的硬度越大，传递高频振动的能力越强；振动传递层的硬度越小，则传递低频振动的能力越强。选择不同材料的振动传递层(不限于硅胶、塑料等)可以获得不同音质。例如，骨传导扬声器上使用45度硅胶做成的振动传递层可以获得较好的低音效果，使用75度硅胶做成的振动传递层可以获得较好的高音效果。这里所说的低频指的是小于500Hz的声音，中频指的是500Hz‐4000Hz范围的声音，高频是指大于4000Hz的声音。Staff in the field can adjust and improve the bonding method and quantity of glue according to the actual frequency response requirements, so as to improve the sound quality of the system. Similarly, in another embodiment, Fig. 7 reflects the influence of the hardness of different vibration transmission layers on the vibration response curve. The solid line is the vibration response curve corresponding to the bone conduction speaker with a harder transfer layer, and the dotted line is the vibration response curve corresponding to the bone conduction speaker with a softer transfer layer. It can be seen that the bone conduction speaker can obtain different frequency responses by using vibration transmission layers with different hardness. The greater the hardness of the vibration transmission layer, the stronger the ability to transmit high frequency vibration; the smaller the hardness of the vibration transmission layer, the stronger the ability to transmit low frequency vibration. Different sound qualities can be obtained by selecting vibration transmission layers of different materials (not limited to silica gel, plastic, etc.). For example, a vibration transmission layer made of 45-degree silica gel on a bone conduction speaker can obtain a better bass effect, and a vibration transmission layer made of 75-degree silica gel can obtain a better treble effect. The low frequency mentioned here refers to the sound less than 500Hz, the intermediate frequency refers to the sound in the range of 500Hz-4000Hz, and the high frequency refers to the sound greater than 4000Hz.
当然，以上对胶水和振动传递层的描述仅仅是一种可以影响骨传导扬声器音质的实施例，不应被视为唯一可行的实施方案。显然，对本领域的专业人员来说，在了解影响骨传导扬声器音质的基本原理后，可能在不背离这一原理的情况下，对骨传导扬声器上振动产生部分中各个器件以及连接方式进行调整和改变，但这些调整和改变仍在以上描述的保护范围之内。例如，振动传递层的材料可以是任意的，也可以是根据用户的使用习惯定制的。在振动传递层和面板间使用固化后具有不同硬度的胶水，也可能对骨传导扬声器的音质产生影响。此外，增加振动传递层的厚度可以等效为增加了组成的振动系统中的质量，也可以达到是系统的谐振频率下降的效果。优选地，传递层的厚度为0.1mm‐10mm，更优选地，厚度为0.3mm‐5mm，再优选地，厚度为0.5mm‐3mm，进一步优选地，厚度为1mm‐2mm。传递层的拉伸强度、粘度、硬度、撕裂强度、伸长率等也会对系统的音质产生影响。传递层材料的拉伸强度是指造成传递层样品撕裂时单位范围上所需的力，优选的，拉伸强度为3.0MPa‐13MPa，更优选地，拉伸强度为4.0MPa‐12.5MPa，进一步优选地，拉伸强度为8.7MPa‐12MPa。优选地，传递层的邵氏硬度为5‐90，更优选地，邵氏硬度为10‐80，进一步优选地，邵氏硬度为20‐60。传递层的伸长率指传递层断裂时相对与原长度所增长的百分比，优选地，伸长率在90％‐1200％之间，更优选地，伸长率在160％‐700％之间，进一步优选地，伸长率在300％‐900％之间。传递层的撕裂强度指在有切口的传递层上施加力量时阻碍切口或刻痕扩大的抵抗力，优选地，撕裂强度在7kN/m‐70kN/m之间，更优选地，撕裂强度在11kN/m‐55kN/m之间，进一步优选地，撕裂强度在17kN/m‐47kN/m之间。Of course, the above description of the glue and the vibration transfer layer is only an example that can affect the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker, and should not be regarded as the only feasible implementation. Obviously, for professionals in the field, after understanding the basic principles that affect the sound quality of bone conduction speakers, it is possible to adjust and adjust the various devices and connection methods in the vibration generating part of the bone conduction speaker without departing from this principle. Changes, but these adjustments and changes are still within the scope of protection described above. For example, the material of the vibration transmission layer can be arbitrary, and can also be customized according to the user's usage habits. The use of glue with different hardness after curing between the vibration transmission layer and the panel may also affect the sound quality of the bone conduction speaker. In addition, increasing the thickness of the vibration transmission layer can be equivalent to increasing the quality of the composed vibration system, and can also achieve the effect of reducing the resonance frequency of the system. Preferably, the thickness of the transmission layer is 0.1mm-10mm, more preferably, the thickness is 0.3mm-5mm, even more preferably, the thickness is 0.5mm-3mm, further preferably, the thickness is 1mm-2mm. The tensile strength, viscosity, hardness, tear strength, elongation, etc. of the transmission layer will also affect the sound quality of the system. The tensile strength of the transfer layer material refers to the force required per unit range when the transfer layer sample is torn, preferably, the tensile strength is 3.0MPa-13MPa, more preferably, the tensile strength is 4.0MPa-12.5MPa, Further preferably, the tensile strength is 8.7MPa-12MPa. Preferably, the Shore hardness of the transmission layer is 5-90, more preferably, the Shore hardness is 10-80, further preferably, the Shore hardness is 20-60. The elongation of the transfer layer refers to the percentage increase relative to the original length when the transfer layer breaks, preferably, the elongation is between 90%-1200%, more preferably, the elongation is between 160%-700% , and further preferably, the elongation is between 300%-900%. The tear strength of the transfer layer refers to the resistance to the expansion of the cut or notch when a force is applied to the transfer layer with the cut, preferably, the tear strength is between 7kN/m-70kN/m, more preferably, the tear strength is between 7kN/m-70kN/m The strength is between 11kN/m-55kN/m, and more preferably, the tear strength is between 17kN/m-47kN/m.
以上描述的面板与振动传递层组成的振动系统中，除了改变面板和传递层的物理属性，以及面板与振动传递层的粘结方式等方面，也可以从其他方面改变骨传导扬声器的性能。In the vibration system composed of the panel and the vibration transmission layer described above, in addition to changing the physical properties of the panel and the transmission layer, as well as the bonding method between the panel and the vibration transmission layer, the performance of the bone conduction speaker can also be changed from other aspects.
一种精心设计的包含振动传递层的振动产生部分可以进一步有效地降低骨传导扬声器漏音。优选地，在振动传递层表面打孔可以降低漏音。一个实施例如图8所示，振动传递层840通胶水850与面板830粘结，振动传递层上与面板的粘结区域凸起程度高于振动传递层840上非粘结区域，在非粘合区域下方为一空腔。振动传递层840上非粘合区域和外壳820表面分别开设有引声孔860。优选地，开设部分引声孔的非粘合区域不与使用者接触。一方面，引声孔860可以有效地减小振动传递层840上非粘合区域面积，可以使得振动传递层内外空气通透，减小内外气压差，从而减少非粘合区域的振动；另一方面，引声孔860可以将外壳820内部空气振动所形成的声波引出至外壳820的外部，与外壳820振动推动壳外空气所形成的漏音声波相消，以降低漏音声波的振幅。具体的，骨传导扬声器在空间中任一点的漏音大小正比于该点处的声压P，A well-designed vibration generating part including a vibration transfer layer can further effectively reduce the sound leakage of the bone conduction speaker. Preferably, drilling holes on the surface of the vibration transmission layer can reduce sound leakage. An embodiment is shown in Figure 8, the vibration transmission layer 840 is bonded with the panel 830 through glue 850, and the degree of protrusion of the bonded area with the panel on the vibration transmission layer is higher than that of the non-bonded area on the vibration transmission layer 840. Below the area is a cavity. The non-adhesive area on the vibration transmission layer 840 and the surface of the shell 820 are respectively provided with sound-inducing holes 860 . Preferably, the non-adhesive area where part of the sound-introducing hole is opened does not come into contact with the user. On the one hand, the acoustic hole 860 can effectively reduce the area of the non-adhesive area on the vibration transmission layer 840, which can make the air inside and outside the vibration transmission layer permeable, reduce the air pressure difference inside and outside, thereby reducing the vibration of the non-adhesive area; On the one hand, the sound-introducing hole 860 can lead the sound wave formed by the vibration of the air inside the shell 820 to the outside of the shell 820, and cancel the sound wave of leakage caused by the vibration of the shell 820 pushing the air outside the shell, so as to reduce the amplitude of the sound wave of leakage. Specifically, the sound leakage of a bone conduction speaker at any point in space is proportional to the sound pressure P at that point,
其中，in,
P＝P0+P1+P2 (3)P＝P0 +P1 +P2 (3)
P0是外壳(包括振动传递层上不与皮肤接触的部分)在上述点所生成的声压，P1是外壳侧面的引声孔所传递的声音在上述点的声压，P2是振动传递层上的引声孔所传递的声音在上述点的声压，P0、P!、P2分别是：P0 is the sound pressure generated by the shell (including the part of the vibration transmission layer that is not in contact with the skin) at the above point, P1 is the sound pressure of the sound transmitted by the sound hole on the side of the shell at the above point, and P2 is the vibration The sound pressure at the above point of the sound transmitted by the sound hole on the transfer layer, P0 , P! , P2 are respectively:
其中，k表示波矢，ρ0表示空气密度，ω表示振动的角频率，R(x’,y’)表示声源上一点到空间中一点的距离，S0是未与人脸接触的外壳面域，S1是外壳侧面引声孔的开孔面域，S2是振动传递层上引声孔的开孔面域，W(x,y)表示单位面积的声源强度,表示不同声源在空间一点产生的声压的相位差。值得注意的是，振动传递层上存在不与皮肤接触的部分区域(例如图8中，振动传递层840上的引声孔860所处的边缘区域)，所述区域受到面板和外壳振动的影响而产生振动，从而对外界辐射声音，以上所提到的外壳面域应包含此类振动传递层上不与皮肤接触的部分。空间中任一点的声压(角频率为ω时)可以表示为：Among them,k represents the wave vector, ρ0 represents the air density, ω represents the angular frequency of vibration, R(x',y') represents the distance from a point on the sound source to a point in space,S0 is the shell that is not in contact with the face Area, S1 is the opening area of the sound-introducing hole on the side of the shell, S2 is the opening area of the sound-introducing hole on the vibration transfer layer, W(x,y) represents the sound source intensity per unit area, Indicates the phase difference of the sound pressure produced by different sound sources at a point in space. It is worth noting that there are some areas on the vibration transmission layer that are not in contact with the skin (for example, in FIG. 8 , the edge area where the sound-inducing hole 860 on the vibration transmission layer 840 is located), and the area is affected by the vibration of the panel and the casing. To generate vibrations and thereby radiate sound to the outside world, the above-mentioned shell area should include the part of the vibration-transmitting layer that does not come into contact with the skin. The sound pressure at any point in space (when the angular frequency is ω) can be expressed as:
我们的目标是尽可能降低P的取值，从而达到降低漏音的效果。在实际使用中，通过调整引声孔的大小和数量可以调节系数A1，A2，调整引声孔的位置可以调节相位的取值。在了解面板、换能装置、振动传递层和外壳组成的振动系统会影响骨传导扬声器音质的原理后，本领域的技术人员可以根据实际需要，调整引声孔的形状、开设位置、数量、尺寸及孔上阻尼等，从而达到抑制漏音的目的。例如，引声孔可以是一个或多个，优选是有多个。对于在外壳侧面环状布设的引声孔，每个布设区域的引声孔数量可以是一个或多个，例如4‐8个。引声孔的形状可以为圆形、椭圆形、矩形或长条形。一个骨传导扬声器上的引声孔可以采用形状相同的引声孔，也可以采用多种不同形状的引声孔的组合。例如，振动传递层与外壳侧面分别布设不同形状和数量的引声孔，振动传递层上的引声孔数量密度大于外壳侧面的引声孔数量密度。又例如，在振动传递层上布设付多个小孔，可以有效减小振动传递层不与皮肤接触部分的面积，从而降低由该部分产生的漏音。再例如，振动传递层/外壳侧面上的引声孔内增加阻尼材料或吸声材料，可以进一步加强抑制漏音的目的。进一步地，所述引声孔可扩展为其它便于将外壳内的空气振动传导出外壳的材料或结构。例如，使用相位调节材料(例如但不限于吸声材料)作为外壳的部分材料，使其传导出的空气振动相位与外壳其他部分的振动相位在90°至270°范围内，从而起到声音相消的作用。再进一步地，通过调节换能装置与外壳之间的连接方式，可以改变外壳其他部分振动的相位，也可使其与引声孔传导出的声音的相位差在90°至270°范围内，从而起到声音相消的作用。例如，换能装置与外壳间采用弹性连接件，对于连接件的材料，例如但不限于，钢材(例如但不限于不锈钢、碳素钢等)、轻质合金(例如但不限于铝合金、铍铜、镁合金、钛合金等)、塑胶(例如但不限于高分子聚乙烯、吹塑尼龙、工程塑料等)，也可以是能达到同样性能的其他单一或复合材料。对于复合材料，例如但不限于玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、石墨纤维、石墨烯纤维、碳化硅纤维或芳纶纤维等增强材料。构成连接件的材料也可以是其它有机和/或无机材料的复合物，例如玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂基体组成的各类玻璃钢。连接件的厚度不低于0.005mm，优选地，厚度为0.005mm‐3mm，更优选地，厚度为0.01mm‐2mm，再优选地，厚度为0.01mm‐1mm，进一步优选地，厚度为0.02mm‐0.5mm。连接件的结构可以设定成环状，优选地，包含至少一个圆环；优选地，包含至少两个圆环，可以是同心圆环，也可以是非同心圆环，圆环间通过至少两个支杆相连，支杆从外环向内环中心辐射；进一步优选地，包含至少一个椭圆圆环；进一步优选地，包含至少两个椭圆圆环，不同的椭圆圆环有不同的曲率半径，圆环之间通过支杆相连，更进一步优选地，包括至少一个方形环。连接件结构也可以设定成片状，优选地，在片状上设置镂空图案，更优选地，镂空图案的面积不小于连接件非镂空部分的面积。值得注意的是，以上描述中连接件的材料、厚度、结构可以以任意方式组合成不同的连接件。例如，环状连接件可以具有不同的厚度分布，优选地，支杆厚度等于圆环厚度，进一步优选地，支杆厚度大于圆环厚度，进一步优选地，内环的厚度大于外环的厚度。关于外壳布设引声孔的描述出现于2014年1月6日提交的中国专利申请号201410005804.0中披露的，名称为“一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法及骨传导扬声器”，该专利文献全文引用在此作为参考。Our goal is to reduce the value of P as much as possible, so as to achieve the effect of reducing sound leakage. In actual use, the coefficients A1 and A2 can be adjusted by adjusting the size and number of sound holes, and the phase can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the sound holes value of . After understanding the principle that the vibration system composed of panels, transducers, vibration transmission layers and shells will affect the sound quality of bone conduction speakers, those skilled in the art can adjust the shape, opening position, quantity and size of sound holes according to actual needs And damping on the hole, etc., so as to achieve the purpose of suppressing sound leakage. For example, there may be one or more sound-introducing holes, preferably multiple. For the sound-introducing holes arranged circularly on the side of the shell, the number of sound-introducing holes in each arrangement area may be one or more, for example, 4-8. The shape of the sound hole can be circular, oval, rectangular or long. The sound-introducing holes on a bone conduction speaker can be the same-shaped sound-introducing holes, or a combination of multiple sound-introducing holes in different shapes. For example, sound-introducing holes of different shapes and numbers are arranged on the vibration-transmitting layer and the side of the housing respectively, and the number density of sound-introducing holes on the vibration-transmitting layer is greater than that on the side of the housing. For another example, arranging a plurality of small holes on the vibration transmission layer can effectively reduce the area of the part of the vibration transmission layer not in contact with the skin, thereby reducing the sound leakage generated by this part. For another example, adding damping materials or sound-absorbing materials to the sound-introducing holes on the side of the vibration transmission layer/housing can further strengthen the purpose of suppressing sound leakage. Further, the sound-introducing hole can be expanded into other materials or structures that facilitate the conduction of air vibration in the shell out of the shell. For example, use phase adjustment materials (such as but not limited to sound-absorbing materials) as part of the material of the shell, so that the transmitted air vibration phase and the vibration phase of other parts of the shell are in the range of 90° to 270°, so as to achieve sound phase. effect of elimination. Furthermore, by adjusting the connection between the transducer device and the shell, the phase of the vibration of other parts of the shell can be changed, and the phase difference between the sound transmitted from the sound-introducing hole can also be within the range of 90° to 270°, Thereby playing the role of sound cancellation. For example, an elastic connector is used between the transducer device and the housing. For the material of the connector, such as but not limited to, steel (such as but not limited to stainless steel, carbon steel, etc.), light alloy (such as but not limited to aluminum alloy, beryllium Copper, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, etc.), plastics (such as but not limited to high molecular weight polyethylene, blown nylon, engineering plastics, etc.), or other single or composite materials that can achieve the same performance. For composite materials, such as but not limited to reinforcement materials such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, graphite fiber, graphene fiber, silicon carbide fiber or aramid fiber. The material constituting the connecting piece can also be a compound of other organic and/or inorganic materials, such as glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin or phenolic resin matrix composed of various types of glass fiber reinforced plastics. The thickness of the connector is not less than 0.005mm, preferably, the thickness is 0.005mm-3mm, more preferably, the thickness is 0.01mm-2mm, more preferably, the thickness is 0.01mm-1mm, further preferably, the thickness is 0.02mm -0.5mm. The structure of the connector can be set in a ring shape, preferably, it includes at least one ring; preferably, it includes at least two rings, which can be concentric rings or non-concentric rings, and there are at least two rings between the rings. The struts are connected, and the struts radiate from the outer ring to the center of the inner ring; further preferably, at least one elliptical ring is included; further preferably, at least two elliptical rings are included, and different elliptical rings have different radii of curvature. The rings are connected by struts, and further preferably, at least one square ring is included. The connector structure can also be set in a sheet shape, preferably, a hollow pattern is provided on the sheet, and more preferably, the area of the hollow pattern is not smaller than the area of the non-hollowed part of the connector. It should be noted that the materials, thicknesses, and structures of the connectors described above can be combined in any manner to form different connectors. For example, the annular connector may have different thickness distributions. Preferably, the thickness of the strut is equal to the thickness of the ring, further preferably, the thickness of the strut is greater than that of the ring, and further preferably, the thickness of the inner ring is greater than that of the outer ring. The description of the layout of the sound-introducing holes in the shell appeared in the Chinese patent application No. 201410005804.0 filed on January 6, 2014, titled "A Method for Suppressing Sound Leakage of Bone Conduction Speakers and Bone Conduction Speakers", the full text of the patent document Citation is hereby incorporated by reference.
以上对吸声孔的描述是本发明的一个实施例，并不构成对骨传导扬声器在改善音质、抑制漏音等方面的限制，本领域的发明人可以通过对以上描述的实施方式进行各种修正和改进，这些修正和改进仍然在以上所描述的保护范围之内。例如，优选地，引声孔只开设在振动传递层上，更优选地，引声孔只开设在振动传递层不与面板重合的区域，进一步优选地，引声孔开口于不与使用者接触的区域，再优选地，引声孔在振动单元内侧开口于一空腔。再例如，引声孔也可以开设在外壳底壁上，开设在底壁的引声孔数量可以为一个，设置在底壁中心，也可以是多个，设置成围绕底壁中心呈环状周向均匀分布。再例如，引声孔可以开设在外壳侧壁上，开设在外壳侧壁的引声孔数量可以为一个，也可以为多个，呈周向均匀分布。The above description of the sound-absorbing hole is an embodiment of the present invention, and does not constitute a limit to the bone conduction speaker in terms of improving sound quality and suppressing sound leakage. Amendments and improvements, which still fall within the scope of protection described above. For example, preferably, the sound-introducing holes are only opened on the vibration transmission layer, more preferably, the sound-introducing holes are only opened in the area where the vibration area, and preferably, the sound introduction hole opens into a cavity inside the vibration unit. For another example, the sound-introducing hole can also be provided on the bottom wall of the shell, the number of the sound-introducing hole provided on the bottom wall can be one, and it can be arranged in the center of the bottom wall, or there can be multiple sound-introducing holes, which are arranged to form a circular circumference around the center of the bottom wall. to a uniform distribution. For another example, the sound-introducing hole may be provided on the side wall of the housing, and the number of the sound-introducing hole provided on the side wall of the housing may be one or multiple, and the sound-introducing hole may be evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
以上对骨传导扬声器的振动传递描述仅仅是具体的示例，不应被视为是唯一可行的实施方案。显然，对于本领域的专业人员来说，在了解骨传导扬声器的基本原理后，可能在不背离这一原理的情况下，对骨传导扬声器的振动描述进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变，但是这些修正和改变仍在以上描述的范围之内。例如，采用植入式的骨传导助听器可以直接贴紧人体的骨骼，将声音振动直接传递给骨骼，而不经过皮肤或者皮下组织，这样可以一定程度上避免由皮肤或皮下组织在振动传递过程中对频率响应产生的衰减和改变。又如，在一些应用中，传导部位可以是牙齿，即骨传导装置可以贴合在牙齿上，将声音振动通过牙齿传递给骨骼和周边组织，也可以在一定程度上减少皮肤在振动过程中对频率响应的影响。以上对骨传导应用场景的介绍只是起到描述性的目的，本领域的技术人员在了解骨传导的基本原理后，可以将骨传导技术应用在不同的场景，这些场景中声音的传递可以是对以上描述的传递途径的部分改变，这些改变仍然在以上描述的保护范围内。The above description of the vibration transmission of the bone conduction speaker is only a specific example, and should not be regarded as the only possible implementation. Obviously, for professionals in the field, after understanding the basic principles of bone conduction speakers, it is possible to make various corrections and changes in the form and details of the vibration description of bone conduction speakers without departing from this principle , but these modifications and changes are still within the scope of the above description. For example, the implantable bone conduction hearing aid can be directly attached to the bones of the human body, and the sound vibration can be transmitted directly to the bones without passing through the skin or subcutaneous tissue, which can avoid the vibration transmission process caused by the skin or subcutaneous tissue to a certain extent. Attenuation and changes to the frequency response. As another example, in some applications, the conduction site can be teeth, that is, the bone conduction device can be attached to the teeth, and the sound vibration can be transmitted to the bones and surrounding tissues through the teeth, and it can also reduce the impact on the skin during the vibration process to a certain extent. The effect of frequency response. The above introduction to bone conduction application scenarios is only for descriptive purposes. After understanding the basic principles of bone conduction, those skilled in the art can apply bone conduction technology to different scenarios. In these scenarios, the transmission of sound can be Some changes in the delivery route described above, these changes are still within the protection scope of the above description.
具体实施例specific embodiment
实施例一Embodiment one
本实施例的特点在于：如图9所示，在面板913上增加振动传递层920(例如但不限于硅胶)，振动传递层920能够产生一定的形变适应皮肤形状。振动传递层920上与面板913接触的部分高于振动传递层920上不与面板913接触的部分，形成台阶结构。在振动传递层920不与面板913接触的部分(图9中振动传递层920未凸出的部分)设计一个或多个小孔921。在振动传递层设计小孔可以降低漏音：面板913通过振动传递层920与外壳919的连接变弱，面板913通过振动传递层920传递到外壳919的振动减少，从而减少了外壳919振动带来的漏音；振动传递层920未凸出的部分设置小孔921后面积减小，能够带动的空气减少，由空气振动引起的漏音减小；振动传递层920未凸出部分设置小孔921后，壳体内的空气振动形成的壳内声波被导引出壳外，与外壳919引发的空气振动形成的漏音声波相互抵消，减小漏音。The characteristic of this embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 9 , a vibration transmission layer 920 (such as but not limited to silica gel) is added on the panel 913, and the vibration transmission layer 920 can produce a certain deformation to adapt to the shape of the skin. The portion of the vibration transmission layer 920 that is in contact with the panel 913 is higher than the portion of the vibration transmission layer 920 that is not in contact with the panel 913 , forming a stepped structure. One or more small holes 921 are designed at the part of the vibration transmission layer 920 that is not in contact with the panel 913 (the part where the vibration transmission layer 920 does not protrude in FIG. 9 ). Designing small holes in the vibration transmission layer can reduce sound leakage: the connection between the panel 913 and the casing 919 through the vibration transmission layer 920 is weakened, and the vibration transmitted from the panel 913 to the casing 919 through the vibration transmission layer 920 is reduced, thereby reducing the vibration caused by the vibration of the casing 919 sound leakage; the non-protruding part of the vibration transmission layer 920 is provided with small holes 921, and the area is reduced, the air that can be driven is reduced, and the sound leakage caused by air vibration is reduced; the non-protruding part of the vibration transmission layer 920 is provided with small holes 921 Finally, the sound wave inside the shell formed by the air vibration in the shell is guided out of the shell, and cancels out the sound leakage sound wave formed by the air vibration caused by the shell 919 to reduce the sound leakage.
实施例二Embodiment two
本实施例的特点在于：面板凸出扬声器外壳，同时使用连接件将面板与扬声器外壳连接，面板与外壳的耦合程度大大降低，并且连接件能够提供一定的形变，使得面板在与使用者贴合是具有更高的自由度，能够更好地适应复杂的贴合面(图10‐A中右图所示)，所述连接件可以使得面板相对于外壳产生一定角度的倾斜。优选的，倾斜角度不超过5゜。The feature of this embodiment is that: the panel protrudes from the loudspeaker casing, and the connecting piece is used to connect the panel to the loudspeaker casing. It has a higher degree of freedom and can better adapt to complex mating surfaces (shown in the right figure in Figure 10-A), and the connector can make the panel tilt at a certain angle relative to the shell. Preferably, the inclination angle does not exceed 5°.
进一步的，扬声器的振动效率随着贴合状态的不同而不同。良好的贴合状态具有更高的振动传递效率。如图10‐B所示，粗线显示贴合较好的状态下的振动传递效率，细线显示贴合不好的状态下的振动传递效率，可以看出，较好的贴合状态振动传递效率更高。Furthermore, the vibration efficiency of the speaker differs depending on the bonding state. Good fitting state has higher vibration transmission efficiency. As shown in Figure 10-B, the thick line shows the vibration transmission efficiency in the state of good fit, and the thin line shows the vibration transmission efficiency in the state of poor fit. It can be seen that the vibration transmission efficiency in the better fit state higher efficiency.
实施例三Embodiment Three
本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于：在外壳的边缘增加一个围边，在外壳与皮肤接触的过程中，围边可以使得作用力分布更加均匀，增加骨传导扬声器佩戴的舒适度。如图11所示，围边1110和面板1113之间存在高度差d0。皮肤作用在面板1113上的力使得面板1113与围边1110之间的距离d减小，当骨传导扬声器与使用者间的压力大于连接件1116形变为d0时所受的力时，多余的夹紧力会经由围边1110传递到皮肤，而不对振动部分的夹紧力产生影响，使得夹紧力的一致性更高，从而保证音质。The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that a surrounding edge is added to the edge of the shell. When the shell contacts the skin, the surrounding edge can make the force distribution more uniform and increase the wearing comfort of the bone conduction speaker. As shown in FIG. 11 , there is a height difference d0 between the surround 1110 and the panel 1113 . The force of the skin acting on the panel 1113 reduces the distance d between the panel 1113 and the surrounding edge 1110. When the pressure between the bone conduction speaker and the user is greater than the force received when the connecting piece 1116 is deformed to d0 , the excess The clamping force will be transmitted to the skin through the surrounding edge 1110 without affecting the clamping force of the vibrating part, so that the consistency of the clamping force is higher, thereby ensuring the sound quality.
实施例四Embodiment four
面板形状如图12所示，面板1210与换能装置(未在图12中画出)的连接部件1220如虚线所示。换能装置通过连接部件1220将振动传递给面板1210，则连接部件1220所处的位置为面板1210的振动中心。连接部件1220的中心O距离面板1210两边的距离分别为L1和L2。通过改变面板1210的大小，连接部件1220在面板1210上的位置可以改变面板与皮肤的贴合性能以及振动的传递效率。优选地，L1和L2的比值设定为大于1，更优选地，L1和L2的比值设定为大于1.61，进一步优选地，L1和L2的比值设定为大于2。再例如，可以选用大面板、中面板和小面板作用于振动装置中。这里所说的大面板指图12所描述的面板，面板1210面积大于连接部件1220的面积，中面板指面板1210与连接部件1220大小相同，小面板指面板1210的面积小于连接部件1220的情况。不同大小的面板以及不同连接部件1220的位置，其传递的振动在佩戴者贴合面上有不同的分布，进而会带来音量、音质的差异。The shape of the panel is shown in FIG. 12 , and the connection part 1220 between the panel 1210 and the transducer device (not shown in FIG. 12 ) is shown in dotted line. The transducer transmits the vibration to the panel 1210 through the connection part 1220 , and the position of the connection part 1220 is the vibration center of the panel 1210 . The distances from the center O of the connecting member 1220 to the two sides of the panel 1210 are L1 and L2 respectively. By changing the size of the panel 1210 , the position of the connecting part 1220 on the panel 1210 can change the fit between the panel and the skin and the vibration transmission efficiency. Preferably, the ratio of L1 to L2 is set to be greater than 1, more preferably, the ratio of L1 to L2 is set to be greater than 1.61, further preferably, the ratio of L1 to L2 is set to be greater than 2. For another example, large panel, middle panel and small panel can be selected to act on the vibrating device. The large panel mentioned here refers to the panel described in FIG. 12 , the area of the panel 1210 is larger than the area of the connecting part 1220, the middle panel means that the size of the panel 1210 and the connecting part 1220 are the same, and the small panel means that the area of the panel 1210 is smaller than that of the connecting part 1220. Panels of different sizes and positions of the connecting parts 1220 have different distributions of the transmitted vibrations on the fitting surface of the wearer, which in turn will lead to differences in volume and sound quality.
实施例五Embodiment five
本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于：如图13所示，在振动传递层1320及外壳1319上均设计引声孔，壳体内的空气振动形成的壳内声波通过引声孔被导引出壳外，与外壳1319引发的空气振动形成的漏音声波相互抵消，减小漏音。The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, as shown in Figure 13, sound-introducing holes are designed on the vibration transmission layer 1320 and the shell 1319, and the sound waves in the shell formed by the air vibration in the housing are guided through the sound-introducing holes. Lead out of the shell, and the sound leakage sound waves formed by the air vibration caused by the shell 1319 cancel each other, reducing the sound leakage.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种具体实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，比如本说明书中披露的几种改变骨传导声音传递的方式，都可以进行任意组合和修改，但是这些修改和组合仍在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several specific implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, such as several ways of changing bone conduction sound transmission disclosed in this specification, Any combinations and modifications can be made, but these modifications and combinations are still within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510497668.6ACN105142077B (en) | 2015-08-13 | 2015-08-13 | A kind of method and bone-conduction speaker for improving bone-conduction speaker leakage sound |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510497668.6ACN105142077B (en) | 2015-08-13 | 2015-08-13 | A kind of method and bone-conduction speaker for improving bone-conduction speaker leakage sound |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105142077A CN105142077A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| CN105142077Btrue CN105142077B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510497668.6AActiveCN105142077B (en) | 2015-08-13 | 2015-08-13 | A kind of method and bone-conduction speaker for improving bone-conduction speaker leakage sound |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN105142077B (en) |
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| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right | Denomination of invention:Method for handling leaking sound of bone-conduction speaker and bone-conduction speaker Effective date of registration:20180109 Granted publication date:20170531 Pledgee:Bank of Jiangsu Limited by Share Ltd Shenzhen branch Pledgor:Shaoyin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen city Registration number:2018440020002 | |
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| PC01 | Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right | Date of cancellation:20190227 Granted publication date:20170531 Pledgee:Bank of Jiangsu Limited by Share Ltd Shenzhen branch Pledgor:Shaoyin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen city Registration number:2018440020002 |