技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种监测系统，尤其涉及一种闭式循环氚浓度监测系统。The invention relates to a monitoring system, in particular to a closed-loop tritium concentration monitoring system.
背景技术Background technique
氚是一种发出β射线的放射性核素，该核素具有半衰期短、射线能量低的特点。若人们仅受到其外照射，由于β射线射程短，则容易屏蔽；但若该核素被人体吸入后则极易造成内照射，β射线能量将全部沉积于人体，从而对人体造成伤害。在各种类型的核电站中都会产生氚，尤其是重水堆以及熔盐堆更是会产生大量氚。这些反应堆中的氚多以氚化水(HTO)以及还原态氚(包括HT、CH3T)的化学形态存在。其中氚化水若被人体吸入极难排除体外，会给人体带来严重的内照射。因此，氚在核电站中的监测是一个重要的问题。Tritium is a radioactive nuclide that emits beta rays. The nuclide has the characteristics of short half-life and low ray energy. If people are only exposed to external radiation, it is easy to shield due to the short range of β-rays; but if the nuclide is inhaled by the human body, it is very easy to cause internal radiation, and all the energy of β-rays will be deposited in the human body, thereby causing harm to the human body. Tritium is produced in various types of nuclear power plants, especially in heavy water reactors and molten salt reactors. Tritium in these reactors mostly exists in the chemical form of tritiated water (HTO) and reduced tritium (including HT, CH3T). Among them, if tritiated water is inhaled by the human body, it is extremely difficult to get rid of it, and it will bring serious internal exposure to the human body. Therefore, the monitoring of tritium in nuclear power plants is an important issue.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种闭式循环氚浓度监测系统，能够实现待测气体中总氚浓度的准确测量，并实现分别测量氚化水及还原态氚的浓度，同时，能够减少采样气体量，减少氚化水分离时使用的吹扫气体用量，进而减少放射性气体的排放量。In view of the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a closed-loop tritium concentration monitoring system, which can realize accurate measurement of the total tritium concentration in the gas to be measured, and realize the concentration measurement of tritiated water and reduced tritium respectively , At the same time, the amount of sampling gas can be reduced, the amount of purge gas used in the separation of tritiated water can be reduced, and the emission of radioactive gas can be reduced.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种闭式循环氚浓度监测系统，用于监测待测气体中氚的总浓度以及氚化水和还原态氚各自的浓度，包括：A closed-loop tritium concentration monitoring system for monitoring the total concentration of tritium in the gas to be measured and the respective concentrations of tritiated water and reduced tritium, including:
一待测气体进气气路；1. The air intake path of the gas to be measured;
一待测气体测量回路，其包括依次串联的一第一温度湿度压力测量装置、一第一氚浓度测量装置、一阀门以及一第一循环泵，所述第一温度湿度压力测量装置与所述第一循环泵相连至所述待测气体进气气路的输出端；A measurement circuit for the gas to be tested, which includes a first temperature, humidity and pressure measurement device, a first tritium concentration measurement device, a valve and a first circulation pump connected in series, the first temperature, humidity and pressure measurement device and the The first circulating pump is connected to the output end of the air intake path of the gas to be measured;
一氧化气路，其包括与所述阀门并联的氧化炉；an oxidizing gas path comprising an oxidizing furnace connected in parallel with said valve;
一气水分离气路，其包括一具有气水分离主支路和气水分离吹扫支路的气水离分器，所述气水分离主支路与所述氧化气路并联；A gas-water separation gas path, which includes a gas-water separator with a gas-water separation main branch and a gas-water separation purge branch, the gas-water separation main branch is connected in parallel with the oxidation gas path;
一吹扫气体进气气路，其连接至所述气水分离吹扫支路的输入端；以及A purge gas inlet gas path, which is connected to the input end of the gas-water separation purge branch; and
一吹扫气体测量气路，其包括一循环泵和一第二氚浓度测量装置，所述循环泵的一端连接在所述吹扫气体进气气路与所述气水分离吹扫支路之间，另一端通过所述第二氚浓度测量装置连接至所述气水分离吹扫支路的输出端。A purge gas measurement gas path, which includes a circulation pump and a second tritium concentration measurement device, one end of the circulation pump is connected between the purge gas intake path and the gas-water separation purge branch The other end is connected to the output end of the gas-water separation purge branch through the second tritium concentration measuring device.
进一步地，所述待测气体进气气路包括依次串联在一盛装所述待测气体的待测气体容器与所述待测气体测量回路之间的一进气泵、一第一流量控制器及一过滤器。Further, the air intake path of the gas to be tested includes an air intake pump, a first flow controller and a filter.
进一步地，所述吹扫气体进气气路包括连接在一第一吹扫气体容器与所述吹扫气体测量回路之间的第二流量控制器。Further, the purge gas intake path includes a second flow controller connected between a first purge gas container and the purge gas measurement circuit.
优选地，所述待测气体测量回路还包括一连接在所述待测气体进气气路与所述第一温度湿度压力测量装置之间的第一缓冲瓶。Preferably, the test gas measurement circuit further includes a first buffer bottle connected between the test gas intake path and the first temperature, humidity and pressure measurement device.
优选地，所述待测气体测量回路还包括一连接在所述吹扫气体进气气路与所述气水分离吹扫支路之间的第二缓冲瓶。Preferably, the test gas measurement circuit further includes a second buffer bottle connected between the purge gas inlet path and the gas-water separation purge branch.
优选地，该系统还包括一加氢气路，其包括依次串联在一第二吹扫气体容器与所述待测气体测量回路之间的一第三流量控制器和一储氢合金。Preferably, the system further includes a hydrogenation gas path, which includes a third flow controller and a hydrogen storage alloy sequentially connected in series between a second purge gas container and the test gas measurement circuit.
进一步地，该系统还包括一加湿气路，其包括依次串联在所述第二吹扫气体容器与所述待测气体测量回路之间的一第四流量控制器、一纯水加湿器和一第二温度湿度压力测量装置。Further, the system also includes a humidification gas circuit, which includes a fourth flow controller, a pure water humidifier and a Second temperature humidity pressure measuring device.
进一步地，所述纯水加湿器为鼓泡器。Further, the pure water humidifier is a bubbler.
进一步地，该系统还包括一待测气体排气气路，其包括一连接至所述待测气体测量回路的第一氚化水吸收器。Further, the system also includes an exhaust gas path of the gas to be tested, which includes a first tritiated water absorber connected to the gas to be tested measurement circuit.
优选地，该系统还包括一吹扫气体排气气路，其包括一连接至所述吹扫气体测量回路的第二氚化水吸收器。Preferably, the system further comprises a purge gas exhaust path comprising a second tritiated water absorber connected to said purge gas measurement circuit.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
(1)通过待测气体测量回路的闭式循环回路设计，能够使待测气体在气路内充分均匀，进而提高了氚测量准确度；(1) Through the closed loop design of the test gas measurement circuit, the test gas can be fully uniform in the gas circuit, thereby improving the accuracy of tritium measurement;
(2)通过气水分离器以及催化氧化炉可以实现多形态氚的分离；(2) The separation of polymorphic tritium can be realized through gas-water separator and catalytic oxidation furnace;
(3)通过吹扫气体测量气路与气水分离器的闭式回路设计，可以提高气水分离器的干燥效率，提高测量准确度，同时减少吹扫气体用气量，减少放射性气体排放量；(3) Through the closed circuit design of the purge gas measurement gas circuit and the gas-water separator, the drying efficiency of the gas-water separator can be improved, the measurement accuracy can be improved, and the gas consumption of the purge gas can be reduced, and the emission of radioactive gas can be reduced;
(4)使用氚化水吸收器吸附气体中残余的氚化水，能够减少放射性气体排放；(4) Using a tritiated water absorber to absorb residual tritiated water in the gas can reduce radioactive gas emissions;
(5)纯水加湿器采用恒定温度的鼓泡器构成，实现了回路精确加湿；(5) The pure water humidifier is composed of a constant temperature bubbler, which realizes precise humidification of the circuit;
(6)通过储氢合金释放氢气来调节待测气体内氢气的浓度，能够提高氧化炉催化还原态氚的效率。(6) The concentration of hydrogen in the gas to be measured is adjusted by releasing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy, which can improve the efficiency of the oxidation furnace to catalyze the reduction of tritium.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所做的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
图1为本发明的闭式循环氚浓度监测系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a closed-loop tritium concentration monitoring system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明，即，一种闭式循环氚浓度监测系统如图1所示，其主要包括一待测气体进气气路、一待测气体测量回路、一氧化气路、一气水分离气路、一吹扫气体进气气路以及一吹扫气体测量气路。The present invention, that is, a closed-loop tritium concentration monitoring system as shown in Figure 1, which mainly includes a gas intake circuit for the gas to be measured, a gas measurement circuit for the gas to be measured, an oxidation gas circuit, a gas-water separation gas circuit, A purge gas inlet gas path and a purge gas measurement gas path.
下面结合图1详细介绍各气路的具体结构：The specific structure of each gas path is introduced in detail below in conjunction with Figure 1:
待测气体进气气路包括依次串联在一盛装待测气体的待测气体容器1与待测气体测量回路之间的一进气泵2、一第一流量控制器31及一过滤器4。The air intake path of the gas to be tested includes an air intake pump 2 , a first flow controller 31 and a filter 4 sequentially connected in series between a gas to be tested container 1 containing the gas to be tested and the gas to be tested measuring circuit.
待测气体测量回路包括依次串联的一用于使气体均匀混合的第一缓冲瓶51、一第一温度湿度压力测量装置61、一第一氚浓度测量装置71(本发明中为电离室)、一阀门8以及一第一循环泵91。其中，第一缓冲瓶51与第一循环泵91相连至过滤器4。The measuring circuit of the gas to be tested comprises a first buffer bottle 51 for uniformly mixing the gas, a first temperature, humidity and pressure measuring device 61, a first tritium concentration measuring device 71 (ionization chamber in the present invention), A valve 8 and a first circulating pump 91 . Wherein, the first buffer bottle 51 and the first circulating pump 91 are connected to the filter 4 .
氧化气路包括与阀门8并联的氧化炉10。The oxidation gas circuit includes an oxidation furnace 10 connected in parallel with the valve 8 .
气水分离气路包括一具有气水分离主支路和气水分离吹扫支路的气水离分器11，气水分离主支路与氧化炉10并联。在本实施例中，气水分离器采用若干成捆的、由全氟磺酸膜形成的毛细管实现，其具有对水分子的高效选择透过性。其中，毛细管内壁所形成的通道为气水分离主支路，毛细管外侧通入吹扫气体后形成吹扫支路。当待测气体进入气水分离主支路后，由于磺酸基膜对水分子(氚化呈水分子形式)有极强的吸引力，从而形成水分子向干燥侧壁的转移通道，最后被吹扫支路中的吹扫气体带走，从而实现HTO与其它气体的分离。The gas-water separation gas path includes a gas-water separator 11 with a gas-water separation main branch and a gas-water separation purging branch, and the gas-water separation main branch is connected with the oxidation furnace 10 in parallel. In this embodiment, the gas-water separator is realized by several bundled capillaries formed by perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, which have high-efficiency selective permeability for water molecules. Wherein, the channel formed by the inner wall of the capillary is the main branch for gas-water separation, and the purge gas is introduced into the outside of the capillary to form a purge branch. When the gas to be measured enters the main branch of gas-water separation, because the sulfonic acid-based membrane has a strong attraction to water molecules (tritiated in the form of water molecules), a transfer channel for water molecules to the dry side wall is formed, and finally The purge gas in the purge branch is taken away, so as to realize the separation of HTO and other gases.
吹扫气体进气气路包括连接在一盛装有吹扫气体(例如干燥的氩气、空气等)第一吹扫气体容器121与吹扫气体测量气路之间的第二流量控制器32。The purge gas intake path includes a second flow controller 32 connected between a first purge gas container 121 filled with purge gas (such as dry argon, air, etc.) and the purge gas measurement path.
吹扫气体测量气路包括依次串联的一第二缓冲瓶52、一第二循环泵92和一第二氚浓度测量装置72(本发明中为电离室)，其中，第二缓冲瓶52与第二循环泵92相连的一端连接至二流量控制器32，其另一端连接至气水分离器11的气水分离吹扫支路的输入端；第二氚浓度测量装置72的远离第二循环泵92的一端连接至气水分离器11的气水分离吹扫支路的输出端，从而形成吹扫气体测量回路。The purge gas measurement gas path includes a second buffer bottle 52, a second circulation pump 92 and a second tritium concentration measuring device 72 (ionization chamber in the present invention) connected in series in sequence, wherein the second buffer bottle 52 and the first One end connected to the second circulation pump 92 is connected to the second flow controller 32, and the other end is connected to the input end of the gas-water separation purge branch of the gas-water separator 11; the second tritium concentration measuring device 72 is far away from the second circulation pump One end of 92 is connected to the output end of the gas-water separation purge branch of the gas-water separator 11, thereby forming a purge gas measurement circuit.
由于在氧化待测气体中的还原态氚时，将氢气含量提升到1％以上能够提高氧化效果；在进行气水分离时，使气体湿度达到5％以上能够实现更好的气水分离效果，因此，本发明还增设了一加氢气路和一加湿气路。其中，加氢气路包括依次串联在一第二吹扫气体容器122与待测气体测量回路之间的一第三流量控制器33和一储氢合金13；加湿气路包括依次串联在第二吹扫气体容器122与待测气体测量回路之间的一第四流量控制器34、一纯水加湿器14(如鼓泡器)和一第二温度湿度压力测量装置62。When oxidizing the reduced tritium in the gas to be tested, increasing the hydrogen content to more than 1% can improve the oxidation effect; when performing gas-water separation, making the gas humidity above 5% can achieve better gas-water separation effect, Therefore, the present invention also adds a hydrogenation gas path and a humidification gas path. Wherein, the hydrogenation gas path includes a third flow controller 33 and a hydrogen storage alloy 13 connected in series between a second purge gas container 122 and the gas to be measured circuit; A fourth flow controller 34 , a pure water humidifier 14 (such as a bubbler) and a second temperature, humidity and pressure measuring device 62 are connected between the sweeping gas container 122 and the test gas measuring circuit.
此外，本发明还包括一待测气体排气气路和一吹扫气体排气气路，其中，待测气体排气气路包括一连接至待测气体测量回路的第一氚化水吸收器151，吹扫气体排气气路包括一连接至吹扫气体测量气路的第二氚化水吸收器152。In addition, the present invention also includes a test gas exhaust gas path and a purge gas exhaust gas path, wherein the test gas exhaust gas path includes a first tritiated water absorber connected to the test gas measurement circuit 151 , the purge gas exhaust gas path includes a second tritiated water absorber 152 connected to the purge gas measurement gas path.
本发明的闭式循环氚浓度监测系统的工作原理如下：The operating principle of the closed loop tritium concentration monitoring system of the present invention is as follows:
在一次运行前，保持所有气路通畅，开启进气泵2和两个循环泵91、92，并将第一流量控制器31开至最大，使用空气对整个回路中的残余放射性气体进行清洗；之后关闭所有气路、循环泵和进气泵。Before a run, keep all the air passages unobstructed, turn on the intake pump 2 and the two circulation pumps 91, 92, and open the first flow controller 31 to the maximum, and use air to clean the residual radioactive gas in the entire circuit; after that Turn off all air lines, circulation pumps and intake pumps.
在一次运行时，首先，调节各流量控制器至设定的流量；开启待测气体进气气路，保持氧化气路、气水分离气路、加氢气路和加湿气路关闭；获取足够待测气体后关闭待测气体进气气路；然后，开启第一循环泵91，使待测气体在待测气体测量回路中循环一段时间达到稳定，使用第一氚浓度测量装置71测量其由还原态氚和氚化水构成的总氚浓度；关闭阀门8，将气水分离气路连入待测气体测量回路；并根据需要将加湿气路连入待测气体测量回路，以为该回路中的气体加湿；使用第一温度湿度压力测量装置61监测待测气体测量回路内的温度、湿度、压力参数；而后，调节第二流量控制器32至设定值，为吹扫气体测量回路增加吹扫气体；当吹扫气路达到一定压力后，关闭第二流量控制器32，开启第二循环泵，使得吹扫气体在吹扫气体测量回路中循环，从而带走待测气体中的氚化水；当整个系统运行一段时间，氚化水与吹扫气体充分混合后，关闭第二循环泵；然后，使用第二氚浓度测量装置测量吹扫气体测量回路中的氚浓度，使用第二温度湿度压力测量装置62监视吹扫气体测量回路中的气体参数。通过待测气体测量回路和吹扫气体测量回路的体积、温度、湿度、压力可以计算得到待测气体中氚化水的浓度CHTO，计算原理如下：During one operation, firstly, adjust each flow controller to the set flow rate; open the gas inlet gas path to be tested, keep the oxidation gas path, gas-water separation gas path, hydrogenation gas path and humidification gas path closed; After measuring the gas, close the air intake path of the gas to be tested; then, turn on the first circulating pump 91 to make the gas to be tested circulate in the gas to be tested for a period of time to stabilize, and use the first tritium concentration measuring device 71 to measure its reduction rate. The total tritium concentration composed of state tritium and tritiated water; close the valve 8, connect the gas-water separation gas circuit into the gas-to-be-tested measurement circuit; Gas humidification; use the first temperature, humidity and pressure measuring device 61 to monitor the temperature, humidity, and pressure parameters in the gas measurement circuit; then, adjust the second flow controller 32 to the set value to increase purge for the purge gas measurement circuit Gas; when the purge gas path reaches a certain pressure, close the second flow controller 32, open the second circulation pump, so that the purge gas circulates in the purge gas measurement circuit, thereby taking away the tritiated water in the gas to be measured ;When the whole system is running for a period of time, after the tritiated water is fully mixed with the purge gas, close the second circulation pump; then, use the second tritium concentration measuring device to measure the tritium concentration in the purge gas measurement circuit, and use the second temperature and humidity A pressure measurement device 62 monitors gas parameters in the purge gas measurement circuit. The concentration CHTO of tritiated water in the gas to be tested can be calculated by the volume, temperature, humidity and pressure of the gas to be tested and the purge gas to be measured. The calculation principle is as follows:
其中，C1表示此时第二氚浓度测量装置所测量到的氚浓度，V1表示吹扫气体测量回路的体积，P0表示待测气体的进气压力，V0表示待测气体的进气体积，T0表示待测气体的进气温度，P1表示待测气体测量回路在进气前的压力，V2表示待测气体测量回路在进气前的体积，T1表示待测气体测量回路在进气前的温度，P2表示待测气体测量回路在进气前的压力，T2表示待测气体测量回路在进气前的温度，η表示气水分离器的效率。Among them, C1 represents the tritium concentration measured by the second tritium concentration measuring device at this time, V1 represents the volume of the purge gas measurement circuit, P0 represents the inlet pressure of the gas to be measured, and V0 represents the inlet pressure of the gas to be measured Gas volume, T0 represents the intake temperature of the gas to be measured, P1 represents the pressure of the gas to be measured measurement circuit before intake, V2 represents the volume of the gas to be measured measurement circuit before intake, T1 represents the gas to be measuredThe temperature of the measurement circuit before the intake, P2 represents the pressure of the gas measurement circuit before the intake, T2 represents the temperature of the gas measurement circuit before the intake, and η represents the efficiency of the gas- water separator.
得到待测气体中氚化水的浓度之后，将气水分离器从待测气体测量回路中断开，将氧化气路及加氢气路连入待测气体测量回路，并根据情况开启储氢合金13并将第三流量控制器33开启到预定值以加入适量氢气后关闭；而后，开启第一循环泵91及氧化炉10，将待测气体测量回路中的还原态氚及氢气氧化为氚化水及水；然后，从待测气体测量回路中断开氧化气路和加氢气路，将气水分离气路和加湿气路连入待测气体循环回路；待第一循环泵91工作一段时间气路稳定后开启第二循环泵，再次对气水分离器进行吹扫，从而带走待测气体中的氚化水；整个系统工作一段时间后，使用第二氚浓度测量装置测量气路中的氚浓度，当第二氚浓度测量装置示数不再变化后，所测得氚的增加量全部来源于主气路中原来的还原态氚，从而得到待测气体中还原态氚的浓度CHT/CH3T，计算原理如下：After obtaining the concentration of tritiated water in the gas to be measured, disconnect the gas-water separator from the gas-to-be-tested measurement circuit, connect the oxidation gas circuit and the hydrogenation gas circuit to the gas-to-be-tested circuit, and turn on the hydrogen storage alloy according to the situation. 13 and open the third flow controller 33 to a predetermined value to close after adding an appropriate amount of hydrogen; then, open the first circulating pump 91 and the oxidation furnace 10 to oxidize the reduced tritium and hydrogen in the gas measurement circuit to be tritiated water and water; then, disconnect the oxidizing gas circuit and the hydrogenation gas circuit from the gas-to-be-tested measuring circuit, and connect the gas-water separation gas circuit and the humidifying gas circuit to the gas-to-be-tested circulation circuit; wait for the first circulation pump 91 to work for a period of time After the gas path is stable, turn on the second circulation pump to purge the gas-water separator again, thereby taking away the tritiated water in the gas to be measured; after the whole system has been working for a period of time, use the second tritium concentration measuring device to measure When the reading of the second tritium concentration measuring device no longer changes, the increase of the measured tritium is all from the original reduced tritium in the main gas circuit, so as to obtain the concentration C of the reduced tritium in the gas to be measuredHT/CH3T , the calculation principle is as follows:
一次运行结束后，开启所有气路，循环泵及流量控制器，对整个回路进行吹扫。当然，对气路中各部件的控制可以通过软件控制实现。After one run, open all air circuits, circulation pumps and flow controllers to purge the entire circuit. Of course, the control of each component in the gas circuit can be realized through software control.
应该理解，系统运行前需详细计算管路内气体体积，实验时需详细记录稳定状态下的管路内温湿度及压力情况以及记录流入管路中的各种气体质量。It should be understood that the volume of gas in the pipeline needs to be calculated in detail before the system is operated, and the temperature, humidity and pressure in the pipeline in a stable state need to be recorded in detail during the experiment, as well as the quality of various gases flowing into the pipeline.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510500762.2ACN105136989B (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2015-08-14 | A Closed Cycle Tritium Concentration Monitoring System |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510500762.2ACN105136989B (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2015-08-14 | A Closed Cycle Tritium Concentration Monitoring System |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105136989Atrue CN105136989A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| CN105136989B CN105136989B (en) | 2016-11-16 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510500762.2AActiveCN105136989B (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2015-08-14 | A Closed Cycle Tritium Concentration Monitoring System |
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