CN105136907A - Plane testing method based grouting compactness intelligent detection system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种基于平测法的压浆密实性智能检测系统及方法，包括：人为设置五个密实度等级的波纹管孔道；建立空洞估算模型，推导出反射波首波声时与绕射波首波声时及空洞内径理论值之间的数学关系式；进行冲击回波波速的标定；沿波纹管方向间隔设定距离进行测点标注；并将设定量的耦合剂均匀涂抹在测点位置处；采用平测法进行现场数据采集，根据现场检测获得的反射波首波声时及绕射波首波声时以及建立的空洞估算模型，推导计算出空洞内径真值大小。本发明能够对波纹管孔道压浆密实性进行精确-无损检测，检测过程简便、快捷，检测精度高，能够大面积推广，可以有效控制施工过程中波纹管孔道压浆质量问题。

The invention discloses a grouting compactness intelligent detection system and method based on a flat measurement method, which includes: artificially setting bellows tunnels with five compactness levels; establishing a cavity estimation model, and deriving the acoustic time of the first wave of the reflected wave and the surrounding The mathematical relationship between the acoustic time of the first wave and the theoretical value of the inner diameter of the cavity; the calibration of the shock echo wave velocity; the marking of the measuring points at a set distance along the direction of the bellows; and the set amount of couplant evenly spread on the At the position of the measuring point: the flat measurement method is used for on-site data collection, and the true value of the inner diameter of the cavity is deduced and calculated according to the first-wave acoustic time of the reflected wave and the first-wave acoustic time of the diffracted wave obtained from the on-site inspection, as well as the established cavity estimation model. The invention can accurately and non-destructively detect the grouting compactness of the bellows channel, the detection process is simple and fast, the detection accuracy is high, it can be popularized in a large area, and the quality problem of the corrugated pipe channel grouting in the construction process can be effectively controlled.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种基于平测法的压浆密实性智能检测系统及方法A system and method for intelligent detection of grouting compactness based on flat measurement method

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及主要是波纹管孔道压浆密实性的无损评估检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于平测法的压浆密实性智能检测系统及方法。The invention mainly relates to the technical field of non-destructive evaluation and detection of grouting compactness of bellows channels, and in particular to an intelligent detection system and method of grouting compactness based on a planar measurement method.

背景技术Background technique

随着社会的进步，科学技术的发展，交通作为经济发展的关键点，得到了飞速度发展，公路、桥梁事业也进入了高速发展时期。我国地域辽阔，地质类型复杂多变，因此不同类型的桥梁工程纷纷涌现，特别是二战后导致全球钢材紧缺，致使预应力结构广泛的应用于桥梁建设中，近年来，我国新建桥梁95％以上均属于预应力混凝土桥梁。而预应力波纹管作为预应力体系最为重要的组成部分，其灌浆质量的高低直接影响预应力结构的可靠性。金属材料在高应力状态下，锈蚀程度远高于无应力状态，钢绞线也会更易发生腐蚀甚至锈断，这将严重影响预应力结构的正常工作。现研究表明，波纹管孔道压浆不密实原因是复杂多样的，而孔道压浆作为一种隐蔽工程，施工质量很难进行有效的判断，如何对波纹管密实程度进行无损检测成为困扰国内外工程界的难题。With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, transportation, as a key point of economic development, has developed rapidly, and the highway and bridge business has also entered a period of rapid development. my country has a vast territory and complex and changeable geological types, so different types of bridge projects have emerged one after another. Especially after World War II, the global steel shortage caused the prestressed structure to be widely used in bridge construction. In recent years, more than 95% of my country's new bridges are It belongs to prestressed concrete bridge. The prestressed corrugated pipe is the most important part of the prestressed system, and its grouting quality directly affects the reliability of the prestressed structure. Under high-stress state, the degree of corrosion of metal materials is much higher than that under no-stress state, and steel strands are more likely to corrode or even rust, which will seriously affect the normal operation of prestressed structures. Current research shows that the reasons for the inconsistency of corrugated pipe grouting are complex and diverse, and as a concealed project, it is difficult to effectively judge the construction quality of corrugated pipe grouting. problems of the world.

针对波纹管孔道压浆密实性不足对桥梁结构带来的一系列问题。国内外所采用的检测方法为：Aiming at a series of problems caused by the insufficient grouting compactness of the corrugated pipe channel to the bridge structure. The detection methods adopted at home and abroad are:

(1)钻心取样法：钻芯取样法是利用空心薄壁钻头机械，按一定的抽检比例从混凝土结构中钻取芯样以检测混凝土内部缺陷的一种方法。该方法直观可靠，但对结构会造成一定的损伤，且工作量大、效率低、费用较高。因此，不宜大面积的使用钻芯取样法进行检测，一般只在用无损检测法发现异常后，才使用该方法作进一步的确认判断。(1) Drilling core sampling method: Drilling core sampling method is a method that uses hollow thin-walled drill bit machinery to drill core samples from concrete structures according to a certain sampling ratio to detect internal defects of concrete. This method is intuitive and reliable, but it will cause certain damage to the structure, and the workload is large, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high. Therefore, it is not suitable to use the core drilling sampling method for detection in a large area. Generally, this method is used for further confirmation and judgment only after abnormalities are found by non-destructive testing methods.

(2)弹性波法：弹性波法(Impact-echoMethod)，即使用机械瞬态敲击被测物表面测点产生瞬时应力波，然后分析应力波在结构内部不同分界面反射绕射规律的一种方法。包含了纵波P波、横波S波、表面波R波的应力波在结构内部传播(其中R波在物体表面传播，P波和S波在物体内部传播)，当遇到混凝土内部缺陷或分界面的时候将发生反射，当反射波返回到物体表面时，就产生了位移，这个位移被传感器接收，得到回波的时域信号，再经过快速傅里叶变换成频域信号，根据频域信号的主频即可判断出管道的位置及其压浆的密实性。(2) Elastic wave method: The elastic wave method (Impact-echo Method), that is, to use the mechanical transient to hit the measuring point on the surface of the measured object to generate an instantaneous stress wave, and then analyze the reflection and diffraction law of the stress wave at different interfaces inside the structure. way. Stress waves including longitudinal wave P wave, shear wave S wave, and surface wave R wave propagate inside the structure (where R wave propagates on the surface of the object, P wave and S wave propagate inside the object), when encountering internal defects or interfaces of concrete Reflection will occur when the reflected wave returns to the surface of the object, and a displacement will be generated. This displacement is received by the sensor, and the time domain signal of the echo is obtained, and then transformed into a frequency domain signal by fast Fourier transform. According to the frequency domain signal The main frequency of the pipe can be used to judge the position of the pipeline and the compactness of the grouting.

(3)探地雷达法：探地雷达法也称地质雷达法，它的工作原理是通过发射器向混凝土定向发1GHz以上的高频脉冲电磁波，电磁波经存在相对介电常数差异的目标体或界面反射后返回并由天线接收，通过对返回波信号的分析，就可以判断目标的形态和构造。(3) Ground-penetrating radar method: The ground-penetrating radar method is also called the ground-penetrating radar method. Its working principle is to send high-frequency pulse electromagnetic waves above 1 GHz to the concrete direction through the transmitter. After the interface is reflected, it returns and is received by the antenna. Through the analysis of the return wave signal, the shape and structure of the target can be judged.

上述检测方法的实施均局限于环境因素、检测精度、操作过程等多方面原因，无法进行大面积推广应用，国内尚未有任何一种成熟的无损检测方法对波纹管孔道压浆密实性进行精确定量评估。The implementation of the above detection methods is limited by environmental factors, detection accuracy, operation process and other reasons, and cannot be widely applied. There is no mature non-destructive testing method in China to accurately quantify the grouting density of corrugated pipe channels. Evaluate.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题，提供了一种基于平测法的压浆密实性智能检测系统及方法。该系统及方法主要针对处于箱梁腹板、T梁肋板处的波纹管孔道，采用平测法进行检测，不仅提高了工程实用性，而且可以对其压浆密实性进行精确定量评估。The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide an intelligent detection system and method for grouting compactness based on the planar measurement method. The system and method are mainly aimed at the corrugated pipe channels at the webs of box girders and ribs of T girders, and adopt the flat survey method to detect, which not only improves the engineering practicability, but also can accurately and quantitatively evaluate the grouting compactness.

为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

一种基于平测法的压浆密实性智能检测系统，包括：An intelligent detection system for grouting compactness based on flat measurement method, including:

在混凝土试件上分别设置密实度分别为a、b、c、d、e五个密实度等级的波纹管孔道；在混凝土试件上设定位置处安装信号发射器和为信号接收器。Corrugated pipe channels with five compactness levels of a, b, c, d, and e are respectively set on the concrete test piece; signal transmitters and signal receivers are installed at the set positions on the concrete test piece.

信号发射器与信号接收器设置在混凝土试件的同一侧，在混凝土板同一侧的信号发射器与信号接收器分布位置必须在波纹管沿线位置处。The signal transmitter and signal receiver are set on the same side of the concrete specimen, and the signal transmitter and signal receiver on the same side of the concrete slab must be distributed along the bellows.

一种基于平测法的压浆密实性智能检测方法，包括以下步骤：A method for intelligent detection of grouting compactness based on flat measurement method, comprising the following steps:

(1)建立大型模型试验，人为设置密实度分别为a、b、c、d、e五个密实度等级的波纹管孔道；(1) Establish a large-scale model test, and artificially set bellows channels with five compactness levels of a, b, c, d, and e;

(2)根据冲击回波反射波首波声时和绕射波首波声时两组数据，建立空洞估算模型，推导出反射波首波声时T₁与绕射波首波声时T₂及空洞内径理论值R_t之间的数学关系式；(2) According to the two sets of data of shock-echo reflection wave first wave acoustic time and diffraction wave first wave acoustic time, a cavity estimation model is established, and the reflection wave first wave acoustic time T₁ and the diffraction wave first wave acoustic time T₂ are deduced and the mathematical relationship between the theoretical value R_t of the inner diameter of the cavity;

(3)采用与混凝土试件强度相同、同期制作的混凝土标准试块，进行冲击回波波速v的标定；(3) Use a concrete standard test block with the same strength as the concrete specimen and produced at the same time to calibrate the shock echo wave velocity v;

(4)在混凝土试件被测部位表面，对应波纹管埋设位置布点画线，并沿波纹管方向间隔设定距离进行测点标注；(4) On the surface of the measured part of the concrete specimen, lay out dots and draw lines corresponding to the embedding position of the bellows, and mark the measuring points at intervals along the direction of the bellows at a set distance;

(5)对作业表面进行打磨处理并将设定量的耦合剂均匀涂抹在测点位置处；(5) Grinding the working surface and applying a set amount of couplant evenly on the measuring point;

(6)采用平测法进行现场数据采集，每个测点采集多次数据；(6) On-site data collection is carried out using the flat survey method, and data is collected multiple times at each measuring point;

(7)根据现场检测获得的反射波首波声时及绕射波首波声时以及建立的空洞估算模型，推导计算出空洞内径真值大小。(7) According to the acoustic time of the first reflected wave and the first acoustic time of the diffracted wave obtained from the on-site inspection and the established cavity estimation model, the true value of the inner diameter of the cavity is deduced and calculated.

所述大型模型试验包括：The large-scale model tests include:

在混凝土试件上分别设置密实度分别为a、b、c、d、e五个密实度等级的波纹管孔道；在混凝土试件上设定位置处安装信号发射器和为信号接收器。Corrugated pipe channels with five compactness levels of a, b, c, d, and e are respectively set on the concrete test piece; signal transmitters and signal receivers are installed at the set positions on the concrete test piece.

在混凝土板同一侧的信号发射器与信号接收器分布位置必须在波纹管沿线位置处。The distribution position of the signal transmitter and signal receiver on the same side of the concrete slab must be along the line of the bellows.

所述空洞估算模型具体为：The void estimation model is specifically:

信号发生器R和信号接收器T设置在波纹管的同一端，I为信号发生器R和信号接收器T的中点位置；信号发生器R发射冲击回波，在波纹管面位置H处发生发射，然后被信号接收器T接收；同时，冲击回波在通过波纹管时，发生绕射现象，冲击回波与波纹管上下两端的接触点分别为B、C和F、E，M、N分别为圆形波纹管最上位置点与最下位置点；将点B、M两点之间的波纹管长度称为将点M、C两点之间的波纹管长度称为绕射信号与波纹管另一端在点D接触。The signal generator R and the signal receiver T are set at the same end of the bellows, and I is the midpoint position between the signal generator R and the signal receiver T; the signal generator R emits a shock echo, which occurs at the position H of the bellows surface It is transmitted and then received by the signal receiver T; at the same time, when the shock echo passes through the bellows, diffraction occurs, and the contact points between the shock echo and the upper and lower ends of the bellows are B, C and F, E, M, N respectively are respectively the uppermost position point and the lowermost position point of the circular bellows; the length of the bellows between points B and M is called The length of the bellows between the two points M and C is called The diffracted signal is in contact with the other end of the bellows at point D.

通过建立空洞估算模型，根据反射波首波声时可以推算出空洞半径的理论值R_t与绕射波理论首波声时T_2t，在实测数据中确定出绕射波实测首波声时T₂，分析绕射波首波声时理论值与实测值间的关系，得到一个关于实测值与理论值之间的校核系数即根据该校核系数和空洞半径理论值R_t，即可推算出空洞半径实测值R的大小。By establishing the cavity estimation model, the theoretical value R_t of the cavity radius and the theoretical first wave acoustic time T_2t of the diffraction wave can be calculated according to the first wave acoustic time of the reflected wave, and the actual measured first wave acoustic time T of the diffraction wave can be determined from the measured data_2. Analyze the relationship between the theoretical value and the measured value of the acoustic time of the first diffracted wave, and obtain a calibration coefficient between the measured value and the theoretical value Right now According to the calibration coefficient and the theoretical value R_t of the cavity radius, the measured value R of the cavity radius can be calculated.

空洞内径理论值R_t与绕射波理论首波声时T_2t的确定过程如下：The determination process of the theoretical value R_t of the inner diameter of the cavity and the theoretical first wave acoustic time T_2t of the diffracted wave is as follows:

1)根据已知条件求得：$L_{TH}=\frac{T_1\×v}{2};L_{TI}=\frac{D_{TR}}{2};L_{IO}=\frac{L}{2};$1) Obtained according to known conditions:$L_{Th}=\frac{T_1\×v}{2};L_{TI}=\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_{TR}}{2};L_{Io}=\frac{L}{2};$

2)以ΔTOI为研究对象，进行关键距离及角度求解：$\∠TOI=\arccos \left(\frac{{L_{HO}}^2+{L_{TO}}^2-{L_{TH}}^2}{2\×L_{HO}\×L_{TO}}\right);$2) Taking ΔTOI as the research object, solve the key distance and angle:$\∠ToI=\arccos \left(\frac{{L_{ho}}^2+{L_{To}}^2-{L_{Th}}^2}{2\×L_{ho}\×L_{To}}\right);$

3)以ΔTBO为研究对象，进行关键距离及角度求解：由可求得$\∠TOB=\arccos \frac{R_t}{\[\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}+2R_t\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}-\frac{{D_{TR}}^2}{4}+{R_t}^2}}\]};$3) Taking ΔTBO as the research object, solve the key distance and angle: by available$\∠ToB=\arccos \frac{R_t}{\[\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}+2R_t\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}-\frac{{{\mathrm{D.}}_{TR}}^2}{4}+{R_t}^2}}\]};$

4)以ΔCOD为研究对象，进行关键距离及角度求解：$arccos(\∠COD)=\frac{{L_{OC}}^2+{L_{OD}}^2-{L_{CD}}^2}{2\×L_{OC}\×L_{OD}};$4) Taking ΔCOD as the research object, solve the key distance and angle:$arcco\mathrm{the\; s}(\∠Co\mathrm{D.})=\frac{{L_{oC}}^2+{L_{o\mathrm{D.}}}^2-{L_{C\mathrm{D.}}}^2}{2\×L_{oC}\×L_{o\mathrm{D.}}};$

5)根据绕射曲线路径分析可知：5) According to the analysis of the diffraction curve path:

其中，L_TH为TH间距；T₁为反射波首波声时；V为冲击回波在混凝土中的传播速度；L_TI为TI间距；D_TR为信号接收器T信号发生器R两者间距；L_IO为IO间距；L为混凝土板厚度。Among them, L_TH is the distance between TH; T₁ is the sound time of the first reflected wave; V is the propagation velocity of the shock echo in concrete; L_TI is the distance between TI; D_TR is the distance between the signal receiver T and the signal generator R ; L_IO is the IO spacing; L is the thickness of the concrete slab.

本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

本发明能够对波纹管孔道压浆密实性进行精确-无损检测，检测过程简便、快捷，检测精度高，能够大面积推广，可以有效控制施工过程中波纹管孔道压浆质量问题。The invention can accurately and non-destructively detect the grouting compactness of the bellows channel, the detection process is simple and fast, the detection accuracy is high, it can be popularized in a large area, and the quality problem of the corrugated pipe channel grouting in the construction process can be effectively controlled.

本发明方法主要针对处于箱梁腹板、T梁肋板处的波纹管孔道，采用平测法进行检测，不仅提高了工程实用性，而且可以对其压浆密实性进行精确定量评估。The method of the invention mainly aims at detecting the corrugated pipe channels at the webs of box girders and ribs of T girders by adopting a planar measurement method, which not only improves engineering practicability, but also can accurately and quantitatively evaluate the compactness of grouting.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的试验模型示意图；Fig. 1 is the test model schematic diagram of the present invention;

图2是本发明空洞估算模型示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the void estimation model of the present invention;

图3是余弦定理示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the law of cosines.

其中，1为波纹管孔道，2为信号发射器，3为信号接收器，4为混凝土试件。Among them, 1 is the bellows channel, 2 is the signal transmitter, 3 is the signal receiver, and 4 is the concrete specimen.

具体实施方式：Detailed ways:

下面结合附图与实施例对本发明做进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:

本发明采用的基本原理是冲击回波原理，冲击回波作为一种弹性波，其具备了声波的全部属性，在混凝土介质传播过程中，冲击波会产生反射、散射现象，因此冲击回波再通过不同缺陷程度的空洞时，传播路径有着较为明显的差别，采用平测法得到不同的声时信号，即：反射波首波声时T₁与绕射波首波声时T₂。通过建立空洞估算模型，推导出空洞内径理论值及校核系数K，从而确定出空洞内径的真值R。The basic principle adopted in the present invention is the principle of shock echo. As a kind of elastic wave, shock echo has all the properties of sound wave. During the propagation process of concrete medium, shock wave will produce reflection and scattering phenomena, so shock echo passes For cavities with different defect degrees, the propagation paths are quite different, and the planar measurement method is used to obtain different acoustic time signals, namely: the acoustic time T₁ of the reflected first wave and the acoustic time T₂ of the first diffracted wave. By establishing the cavity estimation model, the theoretical value of the cavity inner diameter and the calibration coefficient K are deduced, so as to determine the true value R of the cavity inner diameter.

一种基于平测法的压浆密实性智能检测系统，包括：An intelligent detection system for grouting compactness based on flat measurement method, including:

在混凝土试件上分别设置密实度分别为a、b、c、d、e五个密实度等级的波纹管孔道；在混凝土试件上设定位置处安装信号发射器和为信号接收器。Corrugated pipe channels with five compactness levels of a, b, c, d and e are respectively set on the concrete specimen; signal transmitters and signal receivers are installed at the set positions on the concrete specimens.

信号发射器与信号接收器设置在混凝土试件的同一侧，在混凝土板同一侧的信号发射器与信号接收器分布位置必须在波纹管沿线位置处。The signal transmitter and signal receiver are set on the same side of the concrete specimen, and the signal transmitter and signal receiver on the same side of the concrete slab must be distributed along the bellows.

一种基于平测法的压浆密实性智能检测方法，包括以下步骤：A method for intelligent detection of grouting compactness based on flat measurement method, comprising the following steps:

1、建立大型模型试验，如图1所示，在混凝土试件4上分别人为设置全密实、3/4密实、1/2密实、1/4密实及全空五个等级的波纹管孔道1；；在混凝土试件4上设定位置处安装信号发射器2和为信号接收器3。在混凝土板同一侧的信号发射器2与信号接收器3分布位置必须在波纹管沿线位置处。1. Establish a large-scale model test, as shown in Figure 1, artificially set five levels of corrugated pipe channels 1 on the concrete specimen 4: fully dense, 3/4 dense, 1/2 dense, 1/4 dense and completely empty ;; Install the signal transmitter 2 and the signal receiver 3 at the set position on the concrete specimen 4 ; The distribution positions of the signal transmitter 2 and the signal receiver 3 on the same side of the concrete slab must be located along the bellows.

2、建立空洞估算模型，推导出反射波首波声时T₁与绕射波首波声时T₂及空洞内径理论值R_t之间的数学关系式；2. Establish a cavity estimation model, and deduce the mathematical relationship between the acoustic time T₁ of the first reflected wave, the acoustic time T₂ of the first wave of the diffracted wave, and the theoretical value R_t of the inner diameter of the cavity;

3、采用与混凝土试件4强度相同、同期制作的混凝土标准试块，进行冲击回波波速v的标定；3. Use a concrete standard test block that has the same strength as the concrete test piece 4 and is produced at the same time to calibrate the shock echo wave velocity v;

4、在混凝土试件4被测部位表面，对应波纹管埋设位置布点画线，并沿纵向等间距1cm进行标注，共计11个测点；4. On the surface of the measured part of the concrete specimen 4, arrange dots and draw lines corresponding to the embedding position of the bellows, and mark them at equal intervals of 1 cm along the longitudinal direction, a total of 11 measuring points;

5、采用打磨机或砂纸将作业表面进行打磨处理并将一定量的耦合剂均匀涂抹在测点位置处；5. Use a grinder or sandpaper to grind the working surface and apply a certain amount of couplant evenly on the position of the measuring point;

6、现场数据采集，采用平测法收集数据，每个测点采集三次数据；6. On-site data collection, using flat measurement method to collect data, and collecting data three times for each measuring point;

平测法即为信号发射器2与接收器在混凝土板同一侧，有信号发射器2发射信号，冲击回波在混凝土板中传播，经过波纹管孔道1，抵达混凝土板的对侧面，然后反射回信号接收器3位置处，由信号接收器3接收信号，传播路径如图2所示，传感器安装位置如图1所示，在混凝土板同一侧的信号发射器2与信号接收器3分布位置必须在波纹管沿线位置处，其横断面如图2所示。The flat measurement method is that the signal transmitter 2 and the receiver are on the same side of the concrete slab, and the signal transmitter 2 transmits the signal, and the shock echo propagates in the concrete slab, passes through the corrugated pipe channel 1, reaches the opposite side of the concrete slab, and then reflects Back to the position of the signal receiver 3, the signal is received by the signal receiver 3, the propagation path is shown in Figure 2, the installation position of the sensor is shown in Figure 1, and the distribution positions of the signal transmitter 2 and the signal receiver 3 on the same side of the concrete slab It must be located along the bellows, and its cross section is shown in Figure 2.

7、将现场检测获得的反射波首波声时及绕射波首波声时与空洞估算模型联立，推导计算出空洞内径真值大小。7. Combining the acoustic time of the first reflected wave and the first acoustic time of the diffracted wave obtained by on-site testing with the cavity estimation model, deriving and calculating the true value of the inner diameter of the cavity.

本发明以冲击回波原理作为理论基础，即：T＝1/f＝D/V；式中：V——超声波在混凝土中的传播速度；D——传播路径；T——首波声时；f——通过傅里叶变换得到波的共振频率。The present invention takes the principle of shock echo as the theoretical basis, that is: T=1/f=D/V; where: V—the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in concrete; D—the propagation path; T—the sound time of the first wave ; f——The resonant frequency of the wave is obtained by Fourier transform.

通过空洞估算模型推导首波声时与空洞内径相关性时，本发明以余弦定理作为计算理论依据。余弦定理是描述三角形中三边长度与一个角的余弦值关系的数学定理，在ΔABC中(如图3)，余弦定理可表示为：When deriving the correlation between the acoustic time of the first wave and the inner diameter of the cavity through the cavity estimation model, the present invention uses the cosine law as the calculation theory basis. The law of cosines is a mathematical theorem describing the relationship between the length of three sides and the cosine value of an angle in a triangle. In ΔABC (as shown in Figure 3), the law of cosines can be expressed as:

c²＝a²+b²-2abcos(γ)c² =a² +b² -2abcos(γ)

b²＝c²+a²-2accos(β)b² =c² +a² -2accos(β)

a²＝b²+c²-2bccos(α)a² =b² +c² -2bccos(α)

a、b、c代表图3中的对应线段长度。a, b, and c represent the corresponding line segment lengths in Figure 3.

本发明考虑到空洞估算模型空洞内径只有在大于TR换能器间距的情况下，才有类似反射路径，实际工程检测过程中，波纹管空洞内径小于1mm情况下对于波纹管工作应力影响可以忽略不计，因此空洞内径小于1mm的情况将不予考虑。The present invention considers that only when the cavity inner diameter of the cavity estimation model is greater than the distance between TR transducers, there is a similar reflection path. In the actual engineering detection process, when the cavity internal diameter of the bellows is less than 1mm, the impact on the working stress of the bellows can be ignored. , so the case where the inner diameter of the cavity is less than 1mm will not be considered.

现场检测过程中，根据冲击回波反射波首波声时和绕射波首波声时两组数据，建立空洞估算模型，从而推导出波纹管空洞内径的真值大小。During the on-site inspection, a cavity estimation model was established based on the two sets of data of the first acoustic time of the shock echo reflection wave and the first acoustic time of the diffracted wave, so as to deduce the true value of the inner diameter of the bellows cavity.

本发明中，基于平测法建立空洞估算模型(如图2)，获取反射波首波声时T₁与绕射波首波声时T₂及空洞内径理论值R_t之间关系的式，其推导过程如下步骤：In the present invention, the cavity estimation model (as shown in Fig.₂ ) is established based on the planar measurement method, and the expression of the relationship between the first wave acoustic time T of the reflected wave, the_first acoustic time T of the diffracted wave and the theoretical value R_t of the cavity internal diameter is obtained, Its derivation process is as follows:

1)根据已知条件可以求得$L_{TH}=\frac{T_1\×v}{2};L_{TI}=\frac{D_{TR}}{2};L_{IO}=\frac{L}{2};$1) According to known conditions, it can be obtained$L_{Th}=\frac{T_1\×v}{2};L_{TI}=\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_{TR}}{2};L_{Io}=\frac{L}{2};$

2)以ΔTOI为研究对象，进行关键距离及角度求解：$\∠TOI=\arccos \left(\frac{{L_{HO}}^2+{L_{TO}}^2-{L_{TH}}^2}{2\×L_{HO}\×L_{TO}}\right);$2) Taking ΔTOI as the research object, solve the key distance and angle:$\∠ToI=\arccos \left(\frac{{L_{ho}}^2+{L_{To}}^2-{L_{Th}}^2}{2\×L_{ho}\×L_{To}}\right);$

3)以ΔTBO为研究对象，进行关键距离及角度求解：由可求得$\∠TOB=\arccos \frac{R_t}{\[\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}+2R_t\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}-\frac{{D_{TR}}^2}{4}+{R_t}^2}}\]};$3) Taking ΔTBO as the research object, solve the key distance and angle: by available$\∠ToB=\arccos \frac{R_t}{\[\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}+2R_t\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}-\frac{{{\mathrm{D.}}_{TR}}^2}{4}+{R_t}^2}}\]};$

4)以ΔCOD为研究对象，进行关键距离及角度求解：$arccos(\∠COD)=\frac{{L_{OC}}^2+{L_{OD}}^2-{L_{CD}}^2}{2\×L_{OC}\×L_{OD}};$4) Taking ΔCOD as the research object, solve the key distance and angle:$arcco\mathrm{the\; s}(\∠Co\mathrm{D.})=\frac{{L_{oC}}^2+{L_{o\mathrm{D.}}}^2-{L_{C\mathrm{D.}}}^2}{2\×L_{oC}\×L_{o\mathrm{D.}}};$

5)根据绕射曲线路径分析可知：5) According to the analysis of the diffraction curve path:

在进行求解时，需强调的是，波纹管内径已知，也就是附图2中的圆形半径已知。因为∠MOD＝90，∠MOC＝∠MOD-∠COD，∠BOM＝180-∠TOB-∠MOC-∠COD，进行两个弧形求解过程中，在两个角度已知的情况下，通过弧长公式， When performing the solution, it should be emphasized that the inner diameter of the bellows is known, that is, the radius of the circle in Fig. 2 is known. Because ∠MOD＝90, ∠MOC＝∠MOD-∠COD, ∠BOM＝180-∠TOB-∠MOC-∠COD, in the process of solving two arcs, when the two angles are known, through the arc long formula,

通过建立空洞估算模型，根据反射波首波声时可以推算出空洞半径的理论值R_t与绕射波理论首波声时T_2t，在实测数据中确定出绕射波实测首波声时T₂，分析绕射波首波声时理论值与实测值间的关系，得到一个关于实测值与理论值之间的校核系数即根据该校核系数和空洞半径理论值R_t，即可推算出空洞半径实测值R的大小。By establishing the cavity estimation model, the theoretical value R_t of the cavity radius and the theoretical first wave acoustic time T_2t of the diffracted wave can be calculated according to the first wave acoustic time of the reflected wave, and the measured first acoustic time T of the diffracted wave can be determined from the measured data_2. Analyze the relationship between the theoretical value and the measured value of the acoustic time of the first diffracted wave, and obtain a calibration coefficient between the measured value and the theoretical value Right now According to the calibration coefficient and the theoretical value R_t of the cavity radius, the measured value R of the cavity radius can be calculated.

上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1., based on a mud jacking density intelligent checking system for flat survey method, it is characterized in that, comprising:

Concrete sample arranges corrugated tube duct that packing is respectively a, b, c, d, e five packing grades respectively; On concrete sample, setting position is installed signal projector and is signal receiver.

2. a kind of mud jacking density intelligent checking system based on flat survey method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, signal projector and signal receiver are arranged on the same side of concrete sample, and the signal projector in concrete slab the same side and signal receiver distributing position must in corrugated tube positions along the line.

3., based on a mud jacking density intelligent detecting method for flat survey method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

(1) set up full-scale model test, the corrugated tube duct that packing is respectively a, b, c, d, e five packing grades is artificially set;

(2) according to during impact echo reflection wave Mintrop wave sound and diffracted wave Mintrop wave sound time two groups of data, set up empty appraising model, T when deriving reflection wave Mintrop wave sound₁with T during diffracted wave Mintrop wave sound₂and empty internal diameter theoretical value R_tbetween relationship;

(3) adopt concrete standard test block that is identical with strength of concrete specimen, the making same period, carry out the demarcation of impact echo velocity of wave v;

(4) at the tested portion faces of concrete sample, corresponding corrugated tube burial place cloth dotted line, and carry out measuring point mark along interval, corrugated tube direction setpoint distance;

(5) grinding process is carried out to operation surface and the uniform coupling agent of set amount is spread upon point position place;

(6) adopt flat survey method to carry out on-site data gathering, each measuring point gathers repeatedly data;

(7) during the reflection wave Mintrop wave sound obtained according to Site Detection and diffracted wave Mintrop wave sound time and the empty appraising model of foundation, derive and calculate empty internal diameter true value size.

4. a kind of mud jacking density intelligent detecting method based on flat survey method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described full-scale model test comprises:

Concrete sample arranges corrugated tube duct that packing is respectively a, b, c, d, e five packing grades respectively; On concrete sample, setting position is installed signal projector and is signal receiver.

5. a kind of mud jacking density intelligent detecting method based on flat survey method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the signal projector in concrete slab the same side and signal receiver distributing position must in corrugated tube positions along the line.

6. a kind of mud jacking density intelligent detecting method based on flat survey method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described empty appraising model is specially:

Signal generator R and signal receiver T is arranged on same one end of corrugated tube, and I is the point midway of signal generator R and signal receiver T; Signal generator R launching shock echo, in position, corrugated tube face, H place launches, and is then received by signal receiver T; Meanwhile, when by corrugated tube, there is diffraction phenomenon in impact echo, impact echo and the upper and lower two ends of corrugated tube contact point is respectively B, C and F, E, M, N is respectively circle corrugated pipe uppermost position in fig-ure point and lowermost position is put a little; Bellows Length between some B, M 2 is calledbellows Length between some M, C 2 is calleddiffracted signal contacts at a D with the corrugated tube other end.

7. a kind of mud jacking density intelligent detecting method based on flat survey method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, by setting up empty appraising model, according to the theoretical value R that can extrapolate empty radius during reflection wave Mintrop wave sound_tt during Mintrop wave sound theoretical with diffracted wave_2t, determine in measured data diffracted wave actual measurement Mintrop wave sound time T₂, relation during analysis diffracted wave Mintrop wave sound between theoretical value and measured value, obtains one about the check coefficient between measured value and theoretical valuenamelyaccording to this check coefficient and empty radius theoretical value R_t, the size of empty radius measured value R can be extrapolated.

8. a kind of mud jacking density intelligent detecting method based on flat survey method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, empty internal diameter theoretical value R_tt during Mintrop wave sound theoretical with diffracted wave_2tdeterministic process as follows:

1) try to achieve according to known conditions:$L_{TH}=\frac{T_1\×v}{2};$$L_{TI}=\frac{D_{TR}}{2};$$L_{IO}=\frac{L}{2};$

2) with Δ TOI for research object, carry out key distance and angle solve:$\∠TOI=\arccos \left(\frac{{L_{HO}}^2+{L_{TO}}^2-{L_{TH}}^2}{2\×L_{HO}\×L_{TO}}\right);$

3) with Δ TBO for research object, carry out key distance and angle solve: bycan try to achieve$\∠TOB=\arccos \frac{R_t}{\[\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}+2R_t\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\mathrm{vT}}_1\right)}^2}{4}-\frac{{D_{TR}}^2}{4}+{R_t}^2}}\]};$

4) with Δ COD for research object, carry out key distance and angle solve:$arccos(\∠COD)=\frac{{L_{OC}}^2+{L_{OD}}^2-{L_{CD}}^2}{2\×L_{OC}\×L_{OD}};$

5) according to diffraction curve path analysis:

Wherein, L_tHfor TH spacing; T₁during for reflection wave Mintrop wave sound; V is the velocity of propagation of impact echo in concrete; L_tIfor TI spacing; D_tRfor signal receiver T signal generator R distance between the two; L_iOfor IO spacing; L is concrete slab thickness.