技术领域technical field
本发明属于岩土及地下工程中的隧道工程技术领域，具体涉及一种室内模拟隧道开挖的实验装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering in geotechnical and underground engineering, and in particular relates to an experimental device and method for indoor simulating tunnel excavation.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着我国国民经济的快速发展，以高速公路和国道为主体的快速交通网络的建设取得了突飞猛进的进步。山区公路隧道作为高速公路的一个重要组成部分，在日趋注重高速公路环保、经济和效率的今天起着愈发突出的作用。然而，由于隧道所处的地质条件和工程条件愈发复杂，隧道施工中的问题也愈发突出，因此，利用相似理论为基础的物理模型试验分析和研究隧道施工问题显得尤为重要。In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's national economy, the construction of expressway and national highways as the main body of the rapid transportation network has made rapid progress. As an important part of expressways, mountain road tunnels play an increasingly prominent role in today's environment of expressway environmental protection, economy and efficiency. However, due to the increasingly complex geological and engineering conditions of tunnels, the problems in tunnel construction have become more and more prominent. Therefore, it is particularly important to analyze and study tunnel construction problems using physical model tests based on similar theories.
隧道施工中的开挖顺序，掘进尺度和支护时间，是影响隧道稳定，施工及运营期间各种工程安全问题的重要考虑因素。不同的开挖方法及施工步骤，会产生不同的隧道围岩应力重分布，影响着隧道围岩的稳定，对控制工程成本有较大作用。然而，现阶段的模型箱实验中，尚未有一种简单准确的模拟真实隧道开挖方法的装置，能精准控制不同围岩条件下各种隧道掘进的顺序，开挖时间与进尺。为此，迫切需要一种能真实、科学地模拟隧道开挖的试验方法与设备，为隧道工程的施工及围岩稳定性分析提供可靠的依据。The excavation sequence, excavation scale and support time in tunnel construction are important considerations that affect the stability of the tunnel and various engineering safety issues during construction and operation. Different excavation methods and construction steps will produce different stress redistributions in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, which will affect the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel and have a great effect on controlling the engineering cost. However, in the current model box experiments, there is no simple and accurate device for simulating real tunnel excavation methods, which can accurately control the sequence of various tunnel excavations, excavation time and footage under different surrounding rock conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a test method and equipment that can truly and scientifically simulate tunnel excavation, so as to provide a reliable basis for tunnel construction and surrounding rock stability analysis.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种室内模拟隧道开挖的实验装置及方法，以克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明准确性良好，结构简单，操作方便，能够对隧道掘进的顺序、开挖时间与掘进尺度实行精确控制，真实的模拟隧道开挖情况和衬砌受力性能，为隧道工程的施工及围岩稳定性分析提供可靠的依据。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for indoor simulated tunnel excavation to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art. The time and excavation scale are precisely controlled, and the tunnel excavation situation and lining mechanical performance are truly simulated, providing a reliable basis for the construction of the tunnel project and the stability analysis of the surrounding rock.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种室内模拟隧道开挖的实验装置，包括用于填装围岩相似材料和隧道模型的模型箱，模型箱上贯穿开有用于放置隧道模型的预留开口，隧道模型包括若干并列设置的PVC发泡板，其中，组成隧道模型的PVC发泡板能够按照真实隧道分部开挖法的不同的开挖部分和开挖顺序，依据比例，分割成不同部分，PVC发泡板的正面上设有若干预留孔道，背面上设有若干与预留孔道配合的牵引凹槽，当进行模拟隧道开挖时，隧道模型上设有与牵引凹槽配合且能够将PVC发泡板拉出模型箱的牵引装置。An experimental device for simulating tunnel excavation indoors, including a model box for filling similar materials in the surrounding rock and a tunnel model. The model box is pierced with a reserved opening for placing the tunnel model. The tunnel model includes several PVC pieces arranged side by side. Foam boards, wherein, the PVC foam boards that make up the tunnel model can be divided into different parts according to the different excavation parts and excavation sequences of the real tunnel subdivision excavation method, according to the proportion, and the front of the PVC foam board is set There are several reserved channels, and the back is provided with a number of traction grooves that match the reserved channels. When simulating tunnel excavation, the tunnel model is equipped with traction grooves that can be used to pull the PVC foam board out of the model box. traction device.
进一步地，模型箱包括调平底座，调平底座上对称设有两块作为模型箱侧面的侧板，两块侧板之间设有两块分别作为模型箱正面及背面的格栅框架，格栅框架的格栅孔中可拆卸地安装有面板，预留开口对称设置在模型箱正面及背面的面板上。Further, the model box includes a leveling base, and two side panels are symmetrically arranged on the leveling base as the sides of the model box, and two grid frames are respectively used as the front and back of the model box between the two side panels. Panels are detachably installed in the grid holes of the grid frame, and reserved openings are symmetrically arranged on the panels at the front and back of the model box.
进一步地，所述的预留孔道截面为长方形，截面的长宽比为2:1。Further, the section of the reserved channel is rectangular, and the aspect ratio of the section is 2:1.
进一步地，牵引凹槽包括以预留孔道截面的形心为圆心，以预留孔道截面的对角线长度为直径，且以对角线为初始边的两个相对的张角为60～65度的扇形凹槽，扇形凹槽的终止边处设有用于和牵引装置配合的长方形凹槽，且长方形凹槽的深度大于扇形凹槽深度。Further, the traction groove includes the centroid of the section of the reserved channel as the center, the length of the diagonal line of the section of the reserved channel as the diameter, and the two relative opening angles with the diagonal line as the initial side are 60-65° A fan-shaped groove with a high degree, the terminal edge of the fan-shaped groove is provided with a rectangular groove for cooperating with the traction device, and the depth of the rectangular groove is greater than the depth of the fan-shaped groove.
进一步地，牵引装置包括T型钢钩，T型钢钩包括钢钩通丝螺杆以及设置在钢钩通丝螺杆端部的钢筋，T型钢钩穿插设在预留孔道中，且钢筋能够沿扇形凹槽转动并卡在长方形凹槽中。Further, the traction device includes a T-shaped steel hook. The T-shaped steel hook includes a steel hook screw and a steel bar arranged at the end of the steel hook screw. Turn and snap into the rectangular groove.
进一步地，牵引装置还包括牵引钢板，牵引钢板上穿插固定有牵引通丝螺杆，钢钩通丝螺杆的自由端穿插设在牵引钢板上，且通过长方形螺帽固定。Further, the traction device also includes a traction steel plate, on which a traction threaded screw is inserted and fixed, and the free end of the steel hook threaded screw is inserted on the traction plate and fixed by a rectangular nut.
进一步地，钢筋为光圆钢筋，其长度大于预留孔道长方形截面的长，小于预留孔道长方形截面的对角线，钢筋的直径小于长方形凹槽的深度。Further, the steel bar is a smooth round steel bar, the length of which is longer than the length of the rectangular section of the reserved hole and smaller than the diagonal of the rectangular section of the reserved hole, and the diameter of the steel bar is smaller than the depth of the rectangular groove.
一种室内模拟隧道开挖的实验方法，包括以下步骤：An experimental method for indoor simulated tunnel excavation, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：将模型箱调平；Step 1: Level the model box;
步骤二：将围岩相似材料分层填入模型箱内，每层填装完成后进行振捣压实，当围岩相似材料填装至预留开口时，置入隧道模型，然后继续填装围岩相似材料至设计高度，并振捣压实；Step 2: Fill the model box with materials similar to the surrounding rock layer by layer. After each layer is filled, vibrate and compact. When the material similar to the surrounding rock is filled to the reserved opening, put it into the tunnel model, and then continue to fill Surrounding rock similar materials to the design height, and vibrated and compacted;
步骤三：采用牵引装置将隧道模型需要开挖的部分牵引出来，用以模拟隧道的开挖。Step 3: Use the pulling device to pull out the part of the tunnel model that needs to be excavated to simulate the excavation of the tunnel.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明装置中隧道模型采用多片PVC发泡板制作而成，其中，组成隧道模型的PVC发泡板能够按照实际隧道分部开挖法的不同的开挖部分和开挖顺序，依据相似比例，分割成不同部分，所以采用本发明可以方便开展各种形状尺寸与施工方法的隧道开挖过程模拟，本发明装置中隧道模型与围岩相似材料均填装于模型箱中以后才进行模拟开挖，这与隧道实际受力状况一致。另外本发明能够对隧道掘进的顺序、开挖时间与掘进尺度实行精确控制，真实的模拟隧道开挖情况和衬砌受力性能，为隧道工程的施工及围岩稳定性分析提供可靠的依据，与实际工程高度符合，准确性良好，结构简单、操作方便、造价低、便于推广应用。The tunnel model in the device of the present invention is made of multiple PVC foam boards, wherein the PVC foam boards that make up the tunnel model can be excavated according to the different excavation parts and excavation sequences of the actual tunnel subdivision excavation method, according to similar proportions , divided into different parts, so the present invention can facilitate the simulation of tunnel excavation process with various shapes, sizes and construction methods. In the device of the present invention, the tunnel model and similar materials of surrounding rock are filled in the model box before the simulation is carried out. This is consistent with the actual force condition of the tunnel. In addition, the present invention can precisely control the tunnel excavation sequence, excavation time and excavation scale, truly simulate the tunnel excavation situation and the mechanical performance of the lining, and provide a reliable basis for the construction of the tunnel project and the stability analysis of the surrounding rock. The actual engineering is highly consistent, the accuracy is good, the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, the cost is low, and it is convenient for popularization and application.
进一步地，模型箱由调平底座、侧板、格栅框架及面板组成，不仅拆装方便，而且能够很好的完成模拟隧道开挖过程。Furthermore, the model box is composed of a leveling base, side panels, grid frames and panels, which is not only convenient for disassembly and assembly, but also can well complete the process of simulating tunnel excavation.
进一步地，在PVC发泡板背面设置牵引凹槽，牵引凹槽包括扇形凹槽和长方形凹槽，牵引装置包括T型钢钩，T型钢钩端部的钢筋能够滑过扇形凹槽并卡在长方形凹槽中，如此采用T型钩钩取隧道不同部分的PVC发泡板模拟分布开挖的隧道，用不同的板厚度模拟隧道掘进尺度，使隧道的开挖情况更加符合实际。Further, a traction groove is provided on the back of the PVC foam board, the traction groove includes a fan-shaped groove and a rectangular groove, the traction device includes a T-shaped steel hook, and the steel bar at the end of the T-shaped steel hook can slide through the fan-shaped groove and be stuck in the rectangular In the groove, T-shaped hooks are used to pick up PVC foam boards in different parts of the tunnel to simulate distributed excavation of the tunnel, and different board thicknesses are used to simulate the tunnel excavation scale, so that the excavation of the tunnel is more realistic.
本发明方法将围岩相似材料分层填入模型箱内，每层填装完成后进行振捣压实，当围岩相似材料填装至预留开口时，置入隧道模型，然后继续填装围岩相似材料至设计高度，并振捣压实，模拟开挖时，采用牵引装置将隧道模型需要开挖的部分牵引出来即可，并且本发明模拟的隧道开挖与实际工程高度符合，准确性良好，操作简单，便于推广应用。In the method of the present invention, materials similar to the surrounding rock are filled into the model box in layers, and each layer is filled with vibration and compaction. When the similar material of the surrounding rock is filled to the reserved opening, it is inserted into the tunnel model, and then the filling is continued. Surrounding rock similar materials to the design height, and vibrate compaction, when simulating excavation, use the traction device to pull out the part of the tunnel model that needs to be excavated, and the simulated tunnel excavation of the present invention is consistent with the actual engineering height, accurate Good performance, simple operation, easy to popularize and apply.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的模型箱结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of model case of the present invention;
图2是本发明的隧道模型制造时的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation when tunnel model of the present invention is manufactured;
图3是本发明的PVC发泡板背面结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the PVC foam board of the present invention;
图4是PVC发泡板背面的牵引凹槽中挖出部分A的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of part A dug out of the traction groove on the back of the PVC foam board;
图5是本发明的PVC发泡板正面结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the front structure of the PVC foam board of the present invention;
图6是本发明的连接杆结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the connecting rod of the present invention;
图7是本发明的T型钢钩结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a structural representation of a T-shaped steel hook of the present invention;
图8是本发明的牵引装置结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the traction device of the present invention.
其中，1、调平底座；2、格栅框架；3、侧板；4、面板；5、预留开口；6、PVC发泡板；7、EPE珍珠棉板；8、固定钢板；9、预留孔道；10、牵引凹槽；11、连接通丝螺杆；12、长方形螺帽；13、钢钩通丝螺杆；14、钢筋；15、T型钢钩；16、牵引通丝螺杆；17、牵引钢板；18、PVC发泡板编号。Among them, 1. Leveling base; 2. Grid frame; 3. Side plate; 4. Panel; 5. Reserved opening; 6. PVC foam board; 7. EPE pearl cotton board; 8. Fixed steel plate; 9. Reserved channel; 10, traction groove; 11, connecting threaded screw; 12, rectangular nut; 13, steel hook threaded screw; 14, steel bar; 15, T-shaped steel hook; 16, traction threaded screw; 17, Traction steel plate; 18, PVC foam board number.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
参见图1至图7，一种室内模拟隧道开挖的实验装置，包括模型箱，围岩相似材料，隧道模型，牵引装置等。Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, an experimental device for simulating tunnel excavation indoors, including a model box, materials similar to surrounding rock, a tunnel model, a traction device and the like.
模型箱包括玻璃面板、格栅框架2、侧板3及调平底座1，调平底座1上对称设置两块侧板3，两块侧板3之间连接两块格栅框架2，玻璃面板设置在格栅框架2的格栅孔中，格栅框架2构成模型箱的骨架结构，玻璃面板构成了模型箱的面板。在模型箱两侧的玻璃面板上，对称设有略大于隧道模型截面的预留开口5，模型箱用于装填围岩相似材料及隧道模型，模型箱两块侧板3之间的距离应大于隧道模型直径的6倍，模型箱前后两玻璃板之间的距离应大于0.5米，如此能够消除模型箱周围边界四个面的竖向摩阻力，真实模拟实际隧道开挖时隧道和围岩的受力状况。The model box includes a glass panel, a grid frame 2, a side panel 3 and a leveling base 1, two side panels 3 are arranged symmetrically on the leveling base 1, two grid frames 2 are connected between the two side panels 3, and the glass panel It is arranged in the grid hole of the grid frame 2, the grid frame 2 constitutes the skeleton structure of the model box, and the glass panel constitutes the panel of the model box. On the glass panels on both sides of the model box, there are symmetrically provided with reserved openings 5 slightly larger than the section of the tunnel model. The model box is used to fill materials similar to the surrounding rock and the tunnel model. The distance between the two side plates 3 of the model box should be greater than 6 times the diameter of the tunnel model, the distance between the front and rear glass plates of the model box should be greater than 0.5 meters, so that the vertical friction of the four sides around the model box can be eliminated, and the tunnel and surrounding rock can be truly simulated during actual tunnel excavation. Stress condition.
围岩相似材料主要由石膏、石灰、重晶石和水拌和而成，通过调整各种材料的配合比能够模拟不同等级的隧道围岩。Surrounding rock similar materials are mainly made by mixing gypsum, lime, barite and water. By adjusting the mixing ratio of various materials, different grades of tunnel surrounding rock can be simulated.
隧道模型包括并列设置的若干PVC发泡板6，在制备隧道模型时，首先将并列设置若干PVC发泡板6，然后分别在两端各设置一块EPE珍珠棉板7，PVC发泡板6和EPE珍珠棉板7共同组成板型模具，在板型模具的两端各设置一块固定钢板8，在板型模具和固定钢板8上设置若干预留孔道9，在预留孔道9中贯穿设置连接杆，形成隧道模型装置，PVC发泡板6的平面形状和尺寸依据实际隧道截面尺寸和开挖方法按照相似比确定，PVC发泡板6的厚度则由实际隧道每循环掘进尺度按照相似比确定，PVC发泡板6的总厚度应略小于玻璃面板上两预留开口5之间的距离；PVC发泡板6两端的EPE珍珠棉板7的平面尺寸略大于PVC发泡板6，大小与模型箱上的预留开口5大小相当，厚度略大于模型箱玻璃面板厚度，用以防止填充围岩相似材料过程中细小填料从缝隙落下，组成隧道模型的PVC发泡板6按照真实隧道分部开挖法的不同的开挖部分和开挖顺序，依据相似比例，分割成不同部分，并按照实际隧道的开挖顺序和时间间隔依次钩取，在本实施方式中，PVC发泡板6分为模拟隧道开挖上台阶的PVC发泡板和模拟隧道开挖下台阶的PVC发泡板。The tunnel model includes several PVC foam boards 6 arranged side by side. When preparing the tunnel model, first a number of PVC foam boards 6 will be arranged side by side, and then an EPE pearl cotton board 7, PVC foam board 6 and The EPE pearl cotton boards 7 together form a plate mold, and a fixed steel plate 8 is arranged at each end of the plate mold, and a number of reserved channels 9 are set on the plate mold and the fixed steel plate 8, and a connection is arranged through the reserved channels 9. Rods form the tunnel model device. The plane shape and size of the PVC foam board 6 are determined according to the similarity ratio according to the actual tunnel section size and the excavation method, and the thickness of the PVC foam board 6 is determined according to the similarity ratio according to the actual tunnel excavation scale per cycle. , the total thickness of the PVC foam board 6 should be slightly less than the distance between the two reserved openings 5 on the glass panel; The size of the reserved opening 5 on the model box is the same, and the thickness is slightly larger than the thickness of the glass panel of the model box. It is used to prevent fine fillers from falling from the gap in the process of filling similar materials in the surrounding rock. The PVC foam board 6 that makes up the tunnel model follows the real tunnel division The different excavation parts and excavation sequence of the excavation method are divided into different parts according to similar proportions, and hooked in sequence according to the excavation sequence and time interval of the actual tunnel. In this embodiment, the PVC foam board is divided into 6 points PVC foam boards for the upper steps of the simulated tunnel excavation and PVC foam boards for the lower steps of the simulated tunnel excavation.
每片PVC发泡板在开挖方向上均设有PVC发泡板编号18，PVC发泡板编号18包括有字母和数字，其中字母代表模型试验中模拟真实隧道分部开挖的不同的开挖部分，数字从1开始依次编号，用以试验过程中定位当前开挖部分在全隧道中所处的位置，并精准控制不同开挖部分之间的开挖进尺差值。本例中，可以让模拟隧道开挖上台阶的PVC发泡板超前模拟隧道开挖下台阶的PVC发泡板若干块，并固定数字差值不变，用以模拟实际隧道中的上台阶超前下台阶固定距离的隧道台阶法开挖方式。Each piece of PVC foam board is equipped with a PVC foam board number 18 in the excavation direction, and the number 18 of the PVC foam board includes letters and numbers. The excavation part is numbered sequentially from 1, which is used to locate the position of the current excavation part in the whole tunnel during the test and precisely control the difference in excavation footage between different excavation parts. In this example, the PVC foam board for the upper step of the simulated tunnel excavation can be advanced to simulate several pieces of PVC foam board for the lower step of the tunnel excavation, and the digital difference is fixed to simulate the upper step in the actual tunnel. The excavation method of the tunnel step method with a fixed distance down the step.
每片PVC发泡板在雕刻衬砌形状同时需雕刻长细比为2:1长方形的预留孔道9，并保证不同PVC发泡板上相同位置的预留孔道9能够连成一排用于放置连接杆，预留孔道9的数量和位置要结合隧道模型的受力和平面尺寸的大小进行确定。Each piece of PVC foam board needs to engrave a rectangular reserved channel 9 with a slenderness ratio of 2:1 while engraving the lining shape, and ensure that the reserved channels 9 at the same position on different PVC foam boards can be connected in a row for placement and connection The number and position of the rods and the reserved channels 9 shall be determined in combination with the stress of the tunnel model and the size of the plane size.
每片PVC发泡板6在设置预留孔道9的同时，在开挖方向反向的PVC发泡板6的表面，预留开挖用的牵引凹槽10。牵引凹槽10由两部分组成，一部分是以预留孔道9截面形心为圆心，预留孔道9截面对角线长度为直径，预留孔道9截面对角线为初始边的两个相对的张角为60～65度的扇形凹槽，扇形凹槽的终止边处设有用于和牵引装置配合的长方形凹槽，且长方形凹槽的深度大于扇形凹槽深度。When each piece of PVC foam board 6 is provided with reserved channels 9, traction grooves 10 for excavation are reserved on the surface of the PVC foam board 6 opposite to the excavation direction. The traction groove 10 is composed of two parts, one part is the centroid of the section of the reserved channel 9 as the center of the circle, the length of the diagonal line of the section of the reserved channel 9 is the diameter, and the diagonal line of the section of the reserved channel 9 is the initial side. A fan-shaped groove with an opening angle of 60-65 degrees, a rectangular groove used to cooperate with the traction device is provided at the terminal edge of the fan-shaped groove, and the depth of the rectangular groove is greater than the depth of the fan-shaped groove.
连接杆由长于板型模具厚度的连接通丝螺杆11和具有相同规格的若干长方形螺帽12组成，用以模拟不同的隧道长度。长方形螺帽12的外缘尺寸与预留孔道9的截面大小一致，内缘直径与连接通丝螺杆11直径相同。长方形螺帽12旋于连接通丝螺杆11上，长方形螺帽12的数量由PVC发泡板6总厚度和单个长方形螺帽12的厚度确定，使长方形螺帽12总厚度大于或等于PVC发泡板6的总厚度，小于PVC发泡板6和EPE珍珠棉板7的总厚度。The connecting rod is composed of a connecting threaded screw 11 longer than the thickness of the plate mold and several rectangular nuts 12 with the same specification to simulate different tunnel lengths. The size of the outer edge of the rectangular nut 12 is consistent with the size of the section of the reserved hole 9, and the diameter of the inner edge is the same as that of the connecting threaded screw rod 11. The rectangular nut 12 is screwed on the connecting threaded screw 11, and the quantity of the rectangular nut 12 is determined by the total thickness of the PVC foam board 6 and the thickness of a single rectangular nut 12, so that the total thickness of the rectangular nut 12 is greater than or equal to the PVC foam The total thickness of plate 6 is less than the total thickness of PVC foam plate 6 and EPE pearl cotton plate 7.
为保证开挖过程中PVC发泡板6受力均匀，防止由于受力不均出现倾斜，影响隧道的最终开挖轮廓和受力形态，本发明设置了开挖用的牵引装置，牵引装置包括T型钢钩15、牵引钢板17和相互配合使用的牵引通丝螺杆16及长方型螺帽12。In order to ensure that the PVC foam board 6 is evenly stressed during the excavation process, and to prevent inclination due to uneven force, which will affect the final excavation profile and force form of the tunnel, the present invention is equipped with a traction device for excavation. The traction device includes T-shaped steel hook 15, traction steel plate 17 and the traction threaded screw rod 16 and rectangular nut 12 used in conjunction with each other.
T型钢钩15是一根钢钩通丝螺杆13焊接于一根较短尺寸的光圆钢筋中间而成，为避免T型钢钩15在开挖隧道过程中对PVC发泡板6产生额外的附加弯矩，不利于隧道的开挖。光圆钢筋的长度应大于预留孔道9长边的长度，小于预留孔道9对角线长度；光圆钢筋的直径应小于PVC发泡板6背面长方形凹槽的深度。The T-shaped steel hook 15 is formed by welding a steel hook through wire screw 13 in the middle of a short-sized light round steel bar. The bending moment is not conducive to the excavation of the tunnel. The length of light round steel bar should be greater than the length of reserved channel 9 long sides, less than reserved channel 9 diagonal lengths; The diameter of light round steel bar should be less than the depth of rectangular groove of PVC foam board 6 back sides.
牵引钢板17的平面形状和尺寸依据分部开挖法隧道的各个开挖部分的几何尺寸和开挖方法按照相似比确定。牵引钢板17的数量，应与每循环隧道的开挖步数相同。牵引钢板17上应预留开口，开口位置及大小与预留孔道9一致，T型钢钩15的光圆钢筋端卡在PVC发泡板6背面的长方形凹槽中后，其自由端穿过此预留开口，并通过长方形螺帽12横向固定，此外，在牵引钢板17各开口中间位置，应预留牵引通丝螺杆13的孔道，牵引通丝螺杆13通过此孔道与牵引钢板17固定，模拟隧道开挖时，仅需拖拽牵引通丝螺杆13即可模拟隧道开挖。The plane shape and size of the traction steel plate 17 are determined according to the similarity ratio according to the geometric size and the excavation method of each excavation part of the subdivision excavation method tunnel. The quantity of traction steel plate 17 should be identical with the number of excavation steps of every cycle tunnel. Openings should be reserved on the traction steel plate 17, and the opening position and size are consistent with the reserved channels 9. After the light round steel bar end of the T-shaped steel hook 15 is stuck in the rectangular groove on the back side of the PVC foam board 6, its free end passes through the opening. Openings are reserved and fixed horizontally by rectangular nuts 12. In addition, in the middle of each opening of the traction steel plate 17, a channel for the traction threaded screw 13 should be reserved, and the traction threaded screw 13 is fixed with the traction plate 17 through this channel, simulating When the tunnel is excavated, the tunnel excavation can be simulated only by dragging and pulling the harness screw 13 .
一种室内模拟隧道开挖的实验方法，包括以下步骤：An experimental method for indoor simulated tunnel excavation, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：将模型箱调平；Step 1: Level the model box;
步骤二：将围岩相似材料分层填入模型箱内，每层填装完成后进行振捣压实，当围岩相似材料填装至预留开口5时，置入隧道模型，然后继续填装围岩相似材料至设计高度，并振捣压实；Step 2: Fill the model box with materials similar to the surrounding rock layer by layer, vibrate and compact each layer after filling, when the material similar to the surrounding rock is filled to the reserved opening 5, put it into the tunnel model, and then continue to fill Load similar materials to the surrounding rock to the design height, and vibrate and compact;
步骤三：采用牵引装置将隧道模型需要开挖的部分牵引出来，用以模拟隧道的开挖。Step 3: Use the pulling device to pull out the part of the tunnel model that needs to be excavated to simulate the excavation of the tunnel.
下面对本发明的操作过程做进一步详细描述：The operation process of the present invention is described in further detail below:
1)首先调平模型箱，保证模型箱的水平；1) First level the model box to ensure the level of the model box;
2)按照实际隧道形状依据相似比例在玻璃面板上切割预留开口5，并用双面胶将可拆卸玻璃面板粘贴于模型箱格栅框架2上。2) Cut the reserved opening 5 on the glass panel according to the actual tunnel shape and similar proportions, and paste the detachable glass panel on the grid frame 2 of the model box with double-sided adhesive.
3)按照实际隧道形状、开挖方法和掘进尺度，依据相似比例，确定隧道每个开挖部分每片PVC发泡板的平面尺寸和厚度。依据模具的受力、平面尺寸的大小和长方形螺帽的几何参数，在每片PVC发泡板中预留一定数目的预留孔道9，此外，还需在PVC发泡板6的背面为牵引装置中的T型钢钩15预留扇形凹槽和长方形凹槽。3) According to the actual tunnel shape, excavation method and excavation scale, and according to similar proportions, determine the plane size and thickness of each piece of PVC foam board in each excavation part of the tunnel. According to the stress of the mold, the size of the plane size and the geometric parameters of the rectangular nut, a certain number of reserved channels 9 are reserved in each PVC foam board. The T-shaped steel hook 15 in the device reserves fan-shaped grooves and rectangular grooves.
4)选择长度大于隧道模型总厚度的连接通丝螺纹杆11，将相同规格的长方形螺帽12串于连接通丝螺纹杆11之上，长方形螺帽12的数目由隧道模型总厚度和每个长方形螺帽的厚度决定，由此制成了连接杆。4) Select the connecting threaded rod 11 whose length is greater than the total thickness of the tunnel model, and connect the rectangular nuts 12 of the same specification on the connected threaded rod 11. The number of rectangular nuts 12 is determined by the total thickness of the tunnel model and each The thickness of the rectangular nut is determined, from which the connecting rod is made.
5)用连接杆将各部分开挖的PVC发泡板6和洞口附近EPE珍珠棉板7串联，并将隧道各部分模具用固定钢板8和外侧的螺帽固定，防止在填料过程中模拟隧道各部分的模具相互滑动。5) Use connecting rods to connect the excavated PVC foam board 6 and the EPE pearl cotton board 7 near the hole in series, and fix the molds of each part of the tunnel with the fixed steel plate 8 and the nut on the outside to prevent the simulation of the tunnel during the filling process The molds of the various parts slide against each other.
6)将围岩相似材料分层填入模型箱中，围岩相似材料由石膏、石灰、重晶石和水拌合而成，每层填筑厚度依据围岩相似材料设计总高度和围岩相似材料初凝时间而定。每层装填完成后进行振捣压实,当施工至预留开口5的位置时，将隧道模型装置放置于围岩相似材料中间，将压力盒和应变片预留在合适位置后继续装填压实至设计高度。6) Fill the model box with similar materials of the surrounding rock in layers. The similar material of the surrounding rock is mixed with gypsum, lime, barite and water. The thickness of each layer is designed according to the similar material of the surrounding rock. It depends on the initial setting time of the material. After the filling of each layer is completed, vibrate and compact. When the construction reaches the position of the reserved opening 5, place the tunnel model device in the middle of similar materials in the surrounding rock, reserve the pressure cell and strain gauge in a suitable position and continue to fill and compact to the design height.
7)为模拟隧道开挖前的初始地应力，隧道开挖前应观察应变片和压力盒读数，待读数稳定后，围岩相似材料固结完成后，再进行隧道模型的开挖。首先将隧道模型装置中固定钢板8外侧的螺帽旋开，取下固定钢板8，洞口附近EPE珍珠棉板7以及连接杆。7) In order to simulate the initial ground stress before tunnel excavation, the readings of strain gauges and pressure cells should be observed before tunnel excavation. After the readings are stable and the consolidation of similar materials in the surrounding rock is completed, the tunnel model can be excavated. First unscrew the nut on the outside of the fixed steel plate 8 in the tunnel model device, and take off the fixed steel plate 8, the EPE pearl cotton plate 7 and the connecting rod near the hole.
8)将牵引通丝螺杆16穿入牵引钢板17预留孔洞中1～2cm，用螺母将其固定。接着，将T型钢钩15从隧道模型欲开挖部分的PVC发泡板6上的预留孔道9中伸入，到需要掘进进尺处旋转，直至T型钢钩15前端的光圆钢筋卡入PVC发泡板6背面的长方形凹槽中，并将T型钢钩15的尾端用长方形螺帽12固定于牵引钢板17之上，组成了隧道开挖的牵引装置。8) Insert the traction harness screw 16 into the reserved hole of the traction steel plate 17 for 1-2 cm, and fix it with nuts. Then, stretch the T-shaped steel hook 15 from the reserved channel 9 on the PVC foam board 6 of the excavated part of the tunnel model, and rotate to the place where the excavation footage needs to be drilled until the smooth round steel bar at the front end of the T-shaped steel hook 15 snaps into the PVC. In the rectangular groove on the back side of the foam board 6, the tail end of the T-shaped steel hook 15 is fixed on the traction steel plate 17 with a rectangular nut 12, forming a traction device for tunnel excavation.
9)拖拽牵引通丝螺杆16，将隧道需要开挖部分的模具牵引出，模拟隧道的开挖。两次开挖时间的时间差由实际隧道的开挖时间依据相似比例换算得到，便于精准模拟真实的隧道开挖情况。9) Dragging the harness screw 16 to pull out the mold of the part of the tunnel that needs to be excavated, simulating the excavation of the tunnel. The time difference between the two excavation times is obtained by converting the actual tunnel excavation time according to a similar ratio, which is convenient for accurately simulating the real tunnel excavation situation.
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| CN201510589931.4ACN105136507B (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2015-09-16 | The experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation and method |
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