技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种检测系统，属于无损检测设备领域，具体涉及一种声纹检测系统。The invention relates to a detection system, which belongs to the field of non-destructive detection equipment, and in particular to a voiceprint detection system.
背景技术Background technique
密闭的容器舱体泄露、机械轴承转动摩擦、电气设备漏电放电都会产生一定频率范围的超生波。利用超声波检测技术可以对各种设备存在的微小故障和隐患进行无损检测。The leakage of the airtight container cabin, the rotational friction of mechanical bearings, and the leakage and discharge of electrical equipment will all generate ultrasonic waves in a certain frequency range. Ultrasonic testing technology can be used for non-destructive testing of small faults and hidden dangers in various equipment.
目前，超声波无损检测诊断技术已经被广泛地应用于各种领域和场所，对质量控制和在线实时检测都具有重要的作用和影响。但是，检测结果对检测人员的依赖性都还很强,并且都还存在着一些难以克服的困难和缺陷,比如:At present, ultrasonic nondestructive testing and diagnostic technology has been widely used in various fields and places, and has an important role and influence on quality control and online real-time testing. However, the test results are still highly dependent on testers, and there are still some difficulties and defects that are difficult to overcome, such as:
(1)外界环境对检测结果影响较大：外界环境的温度、湿度、粉尘、振动、噪音以及磁、电场和仪器本身内部的各种干扰都会影响检测结果，特别是环境噪声直接影响检测人员的判断能力。(1) The external environment has a great influence on the test results: the temperature, humidity, dust, vibration, noise of the external environment, as well as various interferences inside the instrument itself will affect the test results, especially the environmental noise directly affects the testing personnel. Judgment.
(2)依赖于检测人员的经验和检测技术：通常需要有熟练的技术技能，才能对结果做出说明及解释。因此,在相互关系未经证明的情况下,可能存在不同人员对结果看法不统一，并且性能可以直接测试、而检测结果却只是定性或相对的，不能精确量化。(2) Relying on the experience and testing techniques of testing personnel: skilled technical skills are usually required to explain and explain the results. Therefore, in the case of unproven interrelationships, different people may have different opinions on the results, and the performance can be directly tested, but the test results are only qualitative or relative and cannot be accurately quantified.
(3)目前的超声波检测技术主要采用常规的A型脉冲反射法技术，存在不直观、判断难、无记录、人为因素影响大等缺点，严重影响着超声 检测结果的可靠性。(3) The current ultrasonic detection technology mainly adopts the conventional A-type pulse reflection method, which has disadvantages such as unintuitive, difficult to judge, no record, and large influence of human factors, which seriously affects the reliability of ultrasonic detection results.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明主要是解决现有技术所存在的外界环境对检测结果影响较大的技术问题，提供了一种声纹检测系统。该声纹检测系统对系统信号放大部分进行合理设计，能够增加系统灵敏度，能够使故障音清晰明显，并且显著降低环境噪音。The invention mainly solves the technical problem in the prior art that the external environment has a great influence on the detection result, and provides a voiceprint detection system. The voiceprint detection system reasonably designs the signal amplification part of the system, which can increase the system sensitivity, make the fault sound clear and obvious, and significantly reduce the environmental noise.
本发明还有一目的是解决现有技术所存在的检测结果依赖于检测人员的经验和检测技术的技术问题以及检测结果只能定性不能量化的技术问题，提出了一种声纹检测系统。该声纹检测系统将检测到的声纹信号与后台软件提供的针对各种典型检测点的正常的声纹波形图进行比对，由计算机进行比对给出量化结果，从而能够显著减少对检测人员的经验和技术的依赖。Another purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the detection results depend on the experience of the detection personnel and detection technology, and the technical problems that the detection results can only be qualitative but not quantified, and propose a voiceprint detection system. The voiceprint detection system compares the detected voiceprint signal with the normal voiceprint waveform diagrams for various typical detection points provided by the background software, and the computer compares and gives quantitative results, which can significantly reduce the detection cost. Dependence on personnel experience and technology.
本发明再有一目的是解决现有技术中的A型脉冲反射法技术所存在的不直观、判断难、无记录、结果可靠性低的技术问题，提出了一种声纹检测系统。该声纹检测系统能够将接收到的声纹信号转化为指针表或电位表的输出直观显示，并通过后台软件辅助进行判断，操作更加直观，结果更加准确。Another object of the present invention is to solve the technical problems of non-intuitive, difficult to judge, no record, and low reliability of results existing in the A-type pulse reflection method in the prior art, and propose a voiceprint detection system. The voiceprint detection system can convert the received voiceprint signal into an intuitive display of the output of the pointer meter or potentiometer, and judge through the background software, making the operation more intuitive and the result more accurate.
本发明的上述技术问题主要是通过下述技术方案得以解决的：Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by following technical scheme:
一种声纹检测系统，包括声波接收机，所述声波接收机包括：A voiceprint detection system, comprising a sound wave receiver, the sound wave receiver comprising:
超声波探头，用于检测被测设备所在区域内的声纹信号；Ultrasonic probe, used to detect the voiceprint signal in the area where the device under test is located;
噪声滤波器，与超声波探头相连，用于从超声波探头所检测到的声纹信号中过滤掉噪声，其中，所述噪声是频率在20KHz以下的声波信号；A noise filter, connected to the ultrasonic probe, used to filter out noise from the voiceprint signal detected by the ultrasonic probe, wherein the noise is a sound wave signal with a frequency below 20KHz;
前置放大器，与所述噪声滤波器相连，用于放大所述噪声滤波器输出 的信号；A preamplifier, connected to the noise filter, for amplifying the signal output by the noise filter;
高通滤波器，与所述前置放大器相连，用于从所述前置放大器的输出信号中过滤掉30KHz以下的声波信号；A high-pass filter, connected to the preamplifier, is used to filter out sound wave signals below 30KHz from the output signal of the preamplifier;
第一信号放大器，与所述高通滤波器相连，用于放大所述高通滤波器输出的信号；A first signal amplifier, connected to the high-pass filter, for amplifying the signal output by the high-pass filter;
带通滤波器，与所述第一信号放大器相连，用于从所述第一信号放大器输出的信号中过滤得到故障超声波，其中，所述故障超声波的频率带宽为35KHz～45KHz；A band-pass filter, connected to the first signal amplifier, used to filter the signal output by the first signal amplifier to obtain fault ultrasonic waves, wherein the frequency bandwidth of the fault ultrasonic waves is 35KHz-45KHz;
混频器，与所述带通滤波器相连，用于采用混频方式将所述故障超声波迁移为人耳听力范围的频率；A mixer, connected to the band-pass filter, for migrating the faulty ultrasonic wave to a frequency within the hearing range of the human ear by means of frequency mixing;
功率放大器，与所述混频器相连，用于将所述频率迁移器输出的信号进行放大并经耳机输出；A power amplifier, connected to the mixer, for amplifying the signal output by the frequency shifter and outputting it through the earphone;
模数转换器，与所述频率迁移器相连，用于将所述频率迁移器输出的信号转换为数据字信号；An analog-to-digital converter, connected to the frequency shifter, for converting the signal output by the frequency shifter into a data word signal;
数字逻辑电路，与计算机以及所述模数转换器相连，用于根据计算机内存储的经验模型将所述模数转换器输出的数字信号进行量化并输出故障判断结果；A digital logic circuit, connected to the computer and the analog-to-digital converter, is used to quantify the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter according to the empirical model stored in the computer and output a fault judgment result;
第二信号放大器，与所述带通滤波器相连，用于放大所述带通滤波器的输出信号；A second signal amplifier, connected to the band-pass filter, for amplifying the output signal of the band-pass filter;
检波器，与所述第二信号放大器和音频表头相连，用于将所述故障超声波放大整流输入到音频表头，实时显示故障信号的接收状态；The wave detector is connected with the second signal amplifier and the audio meter, and is used to amplify and rectify the fault ultrasonic wave and input it to the audio meter, and display the receiving state of the fault signal in real time;
其中：in:
所述超声波探头包括声波传感器JA1；所述噪声滤波器包括电容C2、电容C3、电阻R1、电阻R13；所述前置放大器包括运放U1A；The ultrasonic probe includes an acoustic sensor JA1; the noise filter includes a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, and a resistor R13; the preamplifier includes an operational amplifier U1A;
所述运放U1A的正极通过电容C3和电阻R13接地，所述电阻R13未接地的一端通过电阻R1与电源VCC相连；所述运放U1A的正极通过电阻C2与声波传感器JA1的一个输出端相连；所述声波传感器JA1的另一个输出端与所述电阻R13未接地的一端相连；所述运放U1A的负极通过电阻R2和电容C1与电源VCC相连，所述电阻R2和电容C1相接的一端接地；所述运放U1A的负极通过可调电阻RV1A和电阻R3与所述运放U1A的输出端相连；所述可调电阻RV1A的电阻调节端通过电容C4与所述运放U1A的输出端相连；所述运放U1A的输出端与所述高通滤波器相连；The positive pole of the operational amplifier U1A is grounded through the capacitor C3 and the resistor R13, and the ungrounded end of the resistor R13 is connected to the power supply VCC through the resistor R1; the positive pole of the operational amplifier U1A is connected to an output terminal of the acoustic wave sensor JA1 through the resistor C2 The other output end of the acoustic wave sensor JA1 is connected to the ungrounded end of the resistor R13; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U1A is connected to the power supply VCC through the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1, and the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1 are connected One end is grounded; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U1A is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1A through the adjustable resistor RV1A and the resistor R3; the resistance adjustment end of the adjustable resistor RV1A is connected to the output of the operational amplifier U1A through the capacitor C4 terminal connected; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1A is connected with the high-pass filter;
所述的高通滤波器包括电容C6、电阻R5、电感L1，所述的第一信号放大器包括运放U1C；The high-pass filter includes a capacitor C6, a resistor R5, and an inductor L1, and the first signal amplifier includes an operational amplifier U1C;
所述的运放U1C的正极分别通过电容C6和电阻R5与所述运放U1A的输出端相连；所述运放U1C的负极分别通过电阻R6和电容C8接地；所述运放U1C的负极分别与电感L1和电容C7的一端相连，所述电感L1和电容C7的另一端相连后再分别通过电阻R7和电容C10与所述运放U1C的输出端相连；所述电感L1和电容C7与电阻R7相连接的一端通过电容C9接地；所述的运放U1C的输出端与所述带通滤波器相连；The positive pole of the operational amplifier U1C is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1A through the capacitor C6 and the resistor R5 respectively; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U1C is grounded through the resistor R6 and the capacitor C8 respectively; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U1C is respectively It is connected to one end of the inductor L1 and the capacitor C7, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the capacitor C7, and then connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1C through the resistor R7 and the capacitor C10 respectively; the inductor L1 and the capacitor C7 are connected to the resistor One end connected to R7 is grounded through capacitor C9; the output end of the operational amplifier U1C is connected to the band-pass filter;
所述带通滤波器包括三极管Q3，所述三极管Q3的基极分别通过电容C11和电阻R8与所述运放U1C的输出端相连；所述三极管Q3的集电极分别通过电阻R9、电容C16、可调电感L2与电源VCC相连；所述三极管Q3的发射极接地。The bandpass filter includes a transistor Q3, the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1C through a capacitor C11 and a resistor R8 respectively; the collector of the transistor Q3 is respectively connected through a resistor R9, a capacitor C16, The adjustable inductance L2 is connected to the power supply VCC; the emitter of the triode Q3 is grounded.
优化的，上述的一种声纹检测系统，所述第二信号放大器包括运放U2A，其中：Optimally, in the aforementioned voiceprint detection system, the second signal amplifier includes an operational amplifier U2A, wherein:
所述运放U2A的正极依次通过电容C17、电阻R10和所述三极管Q3的集电极相连；所述运放U2A的负极通过电阻R12接地；所述运放U2A的参 考电压输入端与电源VDD以及U2A的负极相连；所述运放U2A的参考电压输入端通过电容C15接地；并且所述运放U2A的参考电压输入端通过电阻R11与运放U2A的输出端相连；所述运放U2A的输出端通过电容C14与所述检波器相连。The positive pole of the operational amplifier U2A is connected to the collector of the triode Q3 through the capacitor C17, the resistor R10 in turn; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U2A is grounded through the resistor R12; the reference voltage input terminal of the operational amplifier U2A is connected to the power supply VDD and The negative pole of U2A is connected; the reference voltage input terminal of the operational amplifier U2A is grounded through the capacitor C15; and the reference voltage input terminal of the operational amplifier U2A is connected with the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2A through the resistor R11; the output of the operational amplifier U2A The terminal is connected to the detector through a capacitor C14.
优化的，上述的一种声纹检测系统，所述检波器包括运放U2D，其中：Optimally, in the above-mentioned voiceprint detection system, the detector includes an operational amplifier U2D, wherein:
所述运放U2D的正极通过两个串联的二极管Q1接地；所述第二信号放大器的输出端与两个二极管Q1之间的连接线相接；所述运放U2D的正极还分别通过电容C21和电阻R20接地；所述运放U2D的负极通过电阻R17接地并通过电阻R18与运放U2D的输出端相连。The anode of the op-amp U2D is grounded through two diodes Q1 connected in series; the output terminal of the second signal amplifier is connected to the connection line between the two diodes Q1; the anode of the op-amp U2D is also connected through a capacitor C21 and the resistor R20 are grounded; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U2D is grounded through the resistor R17 and connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2D through the resistor R18.
优化的，上述的一种声纹检测系统，所述运放U2D的输出端通过电阻R21与单刀双掷开关J5的第一端子相连；并且所述电阻R21与所述单刀双掷开关J5相连的一端上接有两个相互串联的二极管Q4，两个二极管Q4之间通过电阻R30接地；所述单刀双掷开关J5的第二端子依次通过电阻R23、电阻R22与电源VCC连接；所述单刀双掷开关J5的第三端子通过电阻R24与电压表IC1相连接。Optimally, in the above-mentioned voiceprint detection system, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2D is connected to the first terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch J5 through a resistor R21; and the resistor R21 is connected to the single-pole double-throw switch J5 One end is connected with two diodes Q4 connected in series, and the two diodes Q4 are grounded through a resistor R30; the second terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch J5 is connected to the power supply VCC through a resistor R23 and a resistor R22 in turn; the single-pole double-throw The third terminal of the throw switch J5 is connected to the voltmeter IC1 through the resistor R24.
优化的，上述的一种声纹检测系统，所述混频器包括运放U2B、运放U2C，其中：Optimally, in the above-mentioned voiceprint detection system, the mixer includes an operational amplifier U2B and an operational amplifier U2C, wherein:
所述运放U2B的正极分别通过电容C22和电阻R14与所述三极管Q3的集电极相连；所述运放U2B的正极和输出端通过电阻R31接地；所述运放U2B的负极通过电阻R25接地；所述运放U2B的输出端通过电容C23接地；The positive pole of the operational amplifier U2B is connected to the collector of the triode Q3 through the capacitor C22 and the resistor R14 respectively; the positive pole and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2B are grounded through the resistor R31; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U2B is grounded through the resistor R25 ; The output terminal of the operational amplifier U2B is grounded through the capacitor C23;
所述运放U2B的输出端通过电容C20与所述运放U2C的正极相连；所述运放U2B的负极通过电阻R27与其输出端相连；所述运放U2B的负极还通过电阻R32与所述运放U2C的输出端相连；所述运放U2B的输出端依次通过电阻R19和电阻R33与所述运放U2C的输出端相连；The output terminal of the operational amplifier U2B is connected to the positive pole of the operational amplifier U2C through a capacitor C20; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U2B is connected to its output terminal through a resistor R27; The output terminal of the operational amplifier U2C is connected; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2B is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2C through the resistor R19 and the resistor R33 in turn;
所述运放U2C的负极通过电阻R28接地并通过电阻R29与运放U2C的输出端相连；所述运放U2C的输出端通过电容C24接地；The negative pole of the operational amplifier U2C is grounded through a resistor R28 and connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2C through a resistor R29; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2C is grounded through a capacitor C24;
所述电阻R33未与所述运放U2C的输出端相连接的一端与所述功率放大器相连。The end of the resistor R33 not connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U2C is connected to the power amplifier.
优化的，上述的一种声纹检测系统，所述功率放大器包括三极管Q5，所述三极管Q5的基极与所述混频器的输出端相连；所述三极管Q5的发射极分别通过电容C19和电阻34接地；所述三极管Q5的集电极通过电容C25与电源VCC相连；所述电容C25的两端接有模拟信号输出端口J3。Optimally, in the above-mentioned voiceprint detection system, the power amplifier includes a triode Q5, the base of the triode Q5 is connected to the output terminal of the mixer; the emitter of the triode Q5 is respectively passed through the capacitor C19 and The resistor 34 is grounded; the collector of the triode Q5 is connected to the power supply VCC through the capacitor C25; the two ends of the capacitor C25 are connected to an analog signal output port J3.
优化的，上述的一种声纹检测系统，还包括：信号发生器，用于产生和发射高低2种频率的声波，其中，低频为人耳可听的音频，高频为40KHz的超声波。Optimally, the above-mentioned voiceprint detection system further includes: a signal generator for generating and emitting high and low frequency sound waves, wherein the low frequency is audio audible to human ears, and the high frequency is 40KHz ultrasonic waves.
优化的，上述的一种声纹检测系统，还包括：检测附件，用于与声波接收器连接后辅助声波接收器的超声波探头扩大或集中探测范围。Optimally, the above-mentioned voiceprint detection system further includes: a detection accessory, which is used to assist the ultrasonic probe of the sound wave receiver to expand or concentrate the detection range after being connected with the sound wave receiver.
优化的，上述的一种声纹检测系统，所述检测附件包括：集声器、声学探针、实心探针、声学探管中的一种或多种。Preferably, in the above-mentioned voiceprint detection system, the detection accessories include: one or more of a sound collector, an acoustic probe, a solid probe, and an acoustic probe.
因此，本发明具有如下优点：1.对系统信号放大部分进行合理设计，能够增加系统灵敏度，能够使故障音清晰明显，并且显著降低环境噪音；2.将检测到的声纹信号与后台软件提供的针对各种典型检测点的正常的声纹波形图进行比对，由计算机进行比对给出量化结果，从而能够显著减少对检测人员的经验和技术的依赖；3.能够将接收到的声纹信号转化为指针表或电位表的输出直观显示，并通过后台软件辅助进行判断，操作更加直观，结果更加准确。Therefore, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The system signal amplification part is reasonably designed, which can increase the system sensitivity, make the fault sound clear and obvious, and significantly reduce the environmental noise; 2. Provide the detected voiceprint signal with the background software The normal voiceprint waveforms of various typical detection points are compared, and the quantitative results are given by the computer, which can significantly reduce the dependence on the experience and technology of the detection personnel; 3. The received sound can be The pattern signal is converted into the output of the pointer meter or potentiometer for intuitive display, and the judgment is assisted by the background software, the operation is more intuitive, and the result is more accurate.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1是本发明的结构示意图；Accompanying drawing 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
附图2是本发明的声波接收机一种原理结构图；Accompanying drawing 2 is a kind of principle structural diagram of acoustic wave receiver of the present invention;
附图3是本发明的声波接收机电路示意图；Accompanying drawing 3 is the acoustic wave receiver circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
附图4是图2的局部放大示意图；Accompanying drawing 4 is the partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 2;
附图5是图2的另一种局部放大示意图；Accompanying drawing 5 is another kind of partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 2;
附图6是图2的再一种局部放大示意图。Accompanying drawing 6 is another partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 2 .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further specifically described below through the embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例：Example:
如图1所示，本发明由信号发器、声波接收机和检测附件3部分构成。其中，本实施例中的声波接收机选用手持接收机。各部件作用如下：As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention consists of three parts: a signal transmitter, an acoustic wave receiver and a detection accessory. Wherein, the acoustic wave receiver in this embodiment is a hand-held receiver. The functions of each part are as follows:
信号发生器Signal generator
信号发生器能同时产生和发射高低2种频率的声波，低频为人耳可听的音频，高频为40KHz的超声波。是本产品的辅助检测装置，检测容器密封性时，将其放入容器中，容器有泄漏时，手持接收器可在容器外接收其发出的超声波信号。The signal generator can simultaneously generate and emit high and low frequency sound waves, the low frequency is audible to the human ear, and the high frequency is 40KHz ultrasonic waves. It is an auxiliary detection device for this product. When testing the tightness of the container, put it into the container. When the container leaks, the handheld receiver can receive the ultrasonic signal sent by it outside the container.
检测附件Detection accessories
检测附件是各种形状的带螺纹的合金或者塑料零件，将其与手持接收器连接后可辅助接收器的探头扩大或集中(缩小)探测范围。检测附件具体包括：Detection accessories are threaded alloy or plastic parts of various shapes, which can assist the probe of the receiver to expand or concentrate (reduce) the detection range after connecting it with the handheld receiver. The detection accessories specifically include:
(1)集声器：采用高强度塑料附件，自带螺纹接口，与接收机声波探头连接，用于检测气体/空气泄漏，增加测试范围和精度。包括大集声器和小集声器两种。(1) Acoustic collector: It adopts high-strength plastic accessories with threaded interface, which is connected with the acoustic wave probe of the receiver to detect gas/air leakage and increase the test range and accuracy. Including large sound collector and small sound collector.
大集声器可使诊断泄漏工作范围扩大了两倍，并且将接收焦点由中心外延45度集中到5度，同时起到保护探头的作用。锥形的小集中器缩小接收角度到中心外延5度范围，提高发现差错的精确度，同时起到保护探头的作用The large sound collector can double the scope of diagnostic leakage work, and concentrate the receiving focus from the central extension of 45 degrees to 5 degrees, and at the same time play a role in protecting the probe. The conical small concentrator narrows the receiving angle to a range of 5 degrees outside the center, improves the accuracy of error detection, and protects the probe at the same time
(2)声音探测末梢：称为近点采波器或反相集声器，能提高短距离检测的精确性。推荐用于容器的小型泄漏。也可用于在嘈杂的环境中进行遮挡。(2) The end of the sound detection: it is called a near-point wave collector or an anti-phase sound collector, which can improve the accuracy of short-distance detection. Recommended for small spills in containers. Can also be used for shading in noisy environments.
(3)声音探测末梢：用于缩小信号接收区域，可用于精准发波器，将发射器产生的信号注入无压容器,空洞,及管道中。(3) Sound detection tip: It is used to narrow the signal receiving area, and can be used for precise wave generators to inject the signals generated by the transmitter into pressure-free containers, cavities, and pipes.
(4)实心探针装置：可选择不同长度的带有塑料基座的金属探针。主要应用于探测高速运转的机械点的状态。为接触模式下增强灵敏度，改善清晰度，及降低环绕噪音而设计推荐用于检测机器元件，例如：变速箱、阀门、轴承，或阀门座。也可用于检测液充系统(如内部液压)的气穴现象/泄漏/密封状况包括3",5",8",13"和23"英寸探针，每种长度都是为在不同状况下维持性能的延伸而设计。(4) Solid probe device: metal probes with plastic bases of different lengths can be selected. It is mainly used to detect the state of mechanical points running at high speed. Designed for enhanced sensitivity, improved clarity, and reduced ambient noise in contact mode Recommended for inspecting machine components such as gearboxes, valves, bearings, or valve seats. Can also be used to detect cavitation/leakage/sealing in liquid-filled systems (such as internal hydraulics) Includes 3", 5", 8", 13" and 23" inch probes, each length is designed for different conditions Designed to maintain the extension of performance.
(5)声学探管装置：为在困难条件下(例如:难以涉足的区域或布满电子元件的区域)进行检测而设计，通过压缩接收区域，声学探管能够提高定位泄漏点微弱的分子摩擦信号包括：两个双端螺纹的12"空心铝质探测器，一个单端螺纹的12"空心铝质探测器，1个用于电子应用的单端螺纹的12"空心聚碳酸酯(非金属)探测器和一个适配器。每支探针都可以相互连接，额外延长3英尺探测范围。(5) Acoustic probe device: designed for detection under difficult conditions (for example: hard-to-reach areas or areas full of electronic components), by compressing the receiving area, the acoustic probe can improve the weak molecular friction in locating the leak point Signal includes: Two double-ended threaded 12" hollow aluminum detectors, one single-ended threaded 12" hollow aluminum detector, one single-ended threaded 12" hollow polycarbonate (non-metallic ) probes and an adapter. Each probe can be connected to each other to extend the detection range by an additional 3 feet.
手持接收机handheld receiver
手持接收机是用于检测和接收故障信号波的一款手持机，也是声纹检测仪的主要设备。手持接收机内部优质的声纹传感器和电子电路，能发现并通过电子转换将故障源复杂波转化为人类听力范围可以识别的声音。The handheld receiver is a handheld device used to detect and receive fault signal waves, and it is also the main equipment of the voiceprint detector. The high-quality voiceprint sensor and electronic circuit inside the handheld receiver can detect and convert the complex wave of the fault source into a sound that can be recognized by the human hearing range through electronic conversion.
手持接收机可接收置于压力容器内的信号发生器发出的超声波，用于检测容器的密封性；更多情况下无需信号发生器用手持接收机可直接检测压力容器的泄漏、机械磨损、电弧放电等故障所产生的超声波信号，如果配合检测附件手持机可在各种复杂环境下实现精准的检测效果。The hand-held receiver can receive the ultrasonic waves emitted by the signal generator placed in the pressure vessel to detect the tightness of the vessel; in more cases, the hand-held receiver can directly detect the leakage, mechanical wear and arc discharge of the pressure vessel without a signal generator Ultrasonic signals generated by such faults, if combined with the detection accessory handheld, can achieve accurate detection results in various complex environments.
手持接收机由超声探头、模拟声纹处理电路、数字运算处理电路及模拟和数字接口组成。超声探头在现场采集声纹信号经模拟声纹处理电路过滤、放大和迁移后将故障信号转换成人耳可听范围的音频信号。该音频信号输入到耳机接口，使检测人员通过耳机能在现场实时清晰的听到故障音；该音频信号同时经A/D转换成数字信号，经高速信号处理器对其运算分析，其分析结果可直接在计算机上显示。The handheld receiver is composed of an ultrasonic probe, an analog voiceprint processing circuit, a digital operation processing circuit, and an analog and digital interface. The ultrasonic probe collects the voiceprint signal on the spot, and after the analog voiceprint processing circuit filters, amplifies and migrates, the fault signal is converted into an audio signal within the audible range of the human ear. The audio signal is input to the earphone interface, so that the inspector can hear the fault sound clearly in real time through the earphone; the audio signal is converted into a digital signal by A/D at the same time, and it is calculated and analyzed by a high-speed signal processor, and the analysis result is Can be displayed directly on the computer.
手持接收机配置了一分二标准输出接口，可同时外接耳机和PDA掌上电脑。手持接收机控制面板配置了输出开关、增益模式开关，及电位表等。The handheld receiver is equipped with a one-point-two standard output interface, which can be connected to an external earphone and a PDA handheld computer at the same time. The control panel of the handheld receiver is equipped with output switch, gain mode switch, and potentiometer, etc.
手持接收机原理及电路具体描述如下：The principle and circuit of the handheld receiver are described in detail as follows:
(1)手持式接收机原理(1) Principle of handheld receiver
本实施例中，依据时域中相承等于频域中卷积的频谱迁移理论，设计了手持式接收机的声波处理电路，其结构示如图2所示。In this embodiment, according to the spectrum migration theory that the inheritance in the time domain is equal to the convolution in the frequency domain, the sound wave processing circuit of the handheld receiver is designed, and its structure is shown in FIG. 2 .
该电路设计首先采用噪声滤波器对超声探头采集到的声纹进行噪声滤波(20KHz以下)，采用前置放大电路对其20KHz以上声纹信号进行放大；采用高通滤波电路对前置放大的信号进行2次滤波(30KHz以下)，并将其 获得的30KHz以上声纹信号2次放大；采用带通滤波器对2次放大的声纹信号进行第3次滤波，获得35KHz～45KHz带宽的故障超声波；采用频率迁移器对此35KHz～45KHz带宽的频率进行混频，将其迁移为听力范围的频率再经功率输出驱动器输入到耳机；采用放大器和检波电路将35KHz～45KHz带宽的频率放大整流输入到音频表头，实时显示故障信号的接收状态。The circuit design first uses a noise filter to filter the noise (below 20KHz) of the voiceprint collected by the ultrasonic probe, and uses a preamplifier circuit to amplify the voiceprint signal above 20KHz; uses a high-pass filter circuit to amplify the preamplified signal Filter twice (below 30KHz), and amplify the voiceprint signal obtained above 30KHz twice; use a band-pass filter to filter the voiceprint signal amplified twice to obtain fault ultrasonic waves with a bandwidth of 35KHz to 45KHz; Use a frequency shifter to mix the frequency of 35KHz~45KHz bandwidth, migrate it to the frequency in the hearing range, and then input it to the earphone through the power output driver; use the amplifier and detector circuit to amplify and rectify the frequency of 35KHz~45KHz bandwidth and input it to the audio The head of the meter displays the receiving status of the fault signal in real time.
一般的滤波放大电路是将探头信号先放大再滤波，本实施例中是先滤波再放大，先去除人耳可听范围的音频再经多极滤波放大，能够有效消除噪音。A general filtering and amplifying circuit amplifies the probe signal first and then filters it. In this embodiment, the signal is first filtered and then amplified. The audio in the audible range of the human ear is removed first and then amplified by multi-pole filtering, which can effectively eliminate noise.
(2)故障声波频率选择(2) Fault sound wave frequency selection
气量体泄漏所发出的超声波强度是极其微弱的，而且在工业场合，环境噪声是相当大的。所以要检测出在恶劣环境下的气体泄漏所发出的超声，必须对系统信号放大部分进行精心的设计。The intensity of ultrasonic waves emitted by gas leaks is extremely weak, and in industrial settings, the ambient noise is quite loud. Therefore, in order to detect the ultrasound emitted by gas leakage in harsh environments, the signal amplification part of the system must be carefully designed.
因此，在本系统中只检测40kHz点的泄漏超声波的强度，这样选择可以显著增加系统灵敏度。Therefore, in this system, only the strength of the leaked ultrasonic wave at the point of 40kHz is detected, and this choice can significantly increase the system sensitivity.
(3)电路原理图(3) Circuit schematic diagram
本实施例中的超声波探头包括声波传感器JA1；噪声滤波器包括电容C2、电容C3、电阻R1、电阻R13；前置放大器包括运放U1A；The ultrasonic probe in this embodiment includes an acoustic sensor JA1; the noise filter includes a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, and a resistor R13; the preamplifier includes an operational amplifier U1A;
运放U1A的正极通过电容C3和电阻R13接地，电阻R13未接地的一端通过电阻R1与电源VCC相连；运放U1A的正极通过电阻C2与声波传感器JA1的一个输出端相连；声波传感器JA1的另一个输出端与电阻R13未接地的一端相连；运放U1A的负极通过电阻R2和电容C1与电源VCC相连，电阻R2和电容C1相接的一端接地；运放U1A的负极通过可调电阻RV1A和电阻R3与运放U1A的输出端相连；可调电阻RV1A的电阻调节端通过电容C4与运放U1A的输出端相连；运放U1A的输出端与高通滤波器相连；The positive pole of the operational amplifier U1A is grounded through the capacitor C3 and the resistor R13, and the ungrounded end of the resistor R13 is connected to the power supply VCC through the resistor R1; the positive pole of the operational amplifier U1A is connected to an output terminal of the acoustic wave sensor JA1 through the resistor C2; the other end of the acoustic wave sensor JA1 One output terminal is connected to the ungrounded end of the resistor R13; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U1A is connected to the power supply VCC through the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1, and the connected end of the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1 is grounded; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U1A is connected through the adjustable resistor RV1A and The resistor R3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1A; the resistance adjustment terminal of the adjustable resistor RV1A is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1A through the capacitor C4; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1A is connected to the high-pass filter;
高通滤波器包括电容C6、电阻R5、电感L1，第一信号放大器包括运放U1C；The high-pass filter includes a capacitor C6, a resistor R5, and an inductor L1, and the first signal amplifier includes an operational amplifier U1C;
运放U1C的正极分别通过电容C6和电阻R5与运放U1A的输出端相连；运放U1C的负极分别通过电阻R6和电容C8接地；运放U1C的负极分别与电感L1和电容C7的一端相连，电感L1和电容C7的另一端相连后再分别通过电阻R7和电容C10与运放U1C的输出端相连；运放U1C的输出端与带通滤波器相连；The positive pole of operational amplifier U1C is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U1A through capacitor C6 and resistor R5 respectively; the negative pole of operational amplifier U1C is grounded through resistor R6 and capacitor C8 respectively; the negative pole of operational amplifier U1C is connected to one end of inductor L1 and capacitor C7 respectively , the inductor L1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C7 and then connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1C through the resistor R7 and the capacitor C10 respectively; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1C is connected to the band-pass filter;
带通滤波器包括三极管Q3，三极管Q3的基极分别通过电容C11和电阻R8与运放U1C的输出端相连；三极管Q3的集电极分别通过电阻R9、电容C16、可调电感L2与电源VCC相连；三极管Q3的发射极接地。The bandpass filter includes a transistor Q3, the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1C through the capacitor C11 and the resistor R8 respectively; the collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to the power supply VCC through the resistor R9, the capacitor C16 and the adjustable inductance L2 respectively ; The emitter of the transistor Q3 is grounded.
第二放大器包括运放U2A，其中：运放U2A的正极依次通过电容C17、电阻R10和三极管Q3的集电极相连；运放U2A的负极通过电阻R12接地；运放U2A的参考电压输入端与电源VDD以及U2A的负极相连；运放U2A的参考电压输入端通过电容C15接地；并且运放U2A的参考电压输入端通过电阻R11与运放U2A的输出端相连；运放U2A的输出端通过电容C14与检波器相连。The second amplifier includes operational amplifier U2A, wherein: the positive pole of operational amplifier U2A is connected to the collector of transistor Q3 through capacitor C17, resistor R10 in turn; the negative pole of operational amplifier U2A is grounded through resistor R12; the reference voltage input terminal of operational amplifier U2A is connected to the power supply VDD is connected to the negative pole of U2A; the reference voltage input terminal of operational amplifier U2A is grounded through capacitor C15; and the reference voltage input terminal of operational amplifier U2A is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U2A through resistor R11; the output terminal of operational amplifier U2A is connected through capacitor C14 Connect to detector.
检波器包括运放U2D，其中：运放U2D的正极通过两个串联的二极管Q1接地；第二放大器的输出端与两个二极管Q1之间的连接线相接；运放U2D的正极还分别通过电容C21和电阻R20接地；运放U2D的负极通过电阻R17接地并通过电阻R18与运放U2D的输出端相连。The detector includes an operational amplifier U2D, wherein: the anode of the operational amplifier U2D is grounded through two series connected diodes Q1; the output terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the connection line between the two diodes Q1; the positive pole of the operational amplifier U2D is also connected through The capacitor C21 and the resistor R20 are grounded; the negative pole of the operational amplifier U2D is grounded through the resistor R17 and connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2D through the resistor R18.
运放U2D的输出端通过电阻R21与单刀双掷开关J5的第一端子相连；并且电阻R21与单刀双掷开关J5相连的一端上接有两个相互串联的二极管Q4，两个二极管Q4之间通过电阻R30接地；单刀双掷开关J5的第二端子依次通过电阻R23、电阻R22与电源VCC连接；单刀双掷开关J5的第三端 子通过电阻R24与电压表IC1相连接。The output terminal of the operational amplifier U2D is connected to the first terminal of the SPDT switch J5 through the resistor R21; and the end of the resistor R21 connected to the SPDT switch J5 is connected with two diodes Q4 connected in series, between the two diodes Q4 Ground through resistor R30; the second terminal of SPDT switch J5 is connected to power supply VCC through resistor R23 and resistor R22 in turn; the third terminal of SPDT switch J5 is connected to voltmeter IC1 through resistor R24.
混频器包括运放U2B、运放U2C，其中：运放U2B的正极分别通过电容C22和电阻R14与三极管Q3的集电极相连；运放U2B的正极和输出端分别通过电阻R31和电容C23接地；运放U2B的负极通过电阻R25接地；运放U2B的输出端通过电容C23接地；运放U2B的输出端通过电容C20与运放U2C的正极相连；运放U2B的负极通过电阻R27与其输出端相连；运放U2B的负极还通过电阻R32与运放U2C的输出端相连；运放U2B的输出端依次通过电阻R19和电阻R33与运放U2C的输出羰相连；运放U2C的负极通过电阻R28接地并通过电阻R29与运放U2C的输出端相连；运放U2C的输出端通过电容C24接地；电阻R33未与运放U2C的输出端相连接的一端与功率放大器相连。The mixer includes operational amplifier U2B and operational amplifier U2C, wherein: the positive pole of operational amplifier U2B is connected to the collector of transistor Q3 through capacitor C22 and resistor R14 respectively; the positive pole and output terminal of operational amplifier U2B are grounded through resistor R31 and capacitor C23 respectively ; The negative pole of operational amplifier U2B is grounded through resistor R25; the output terminal of operational amplifier U2B is grounded through capacitor C23; the output terminal of operational amplifier U2B is connected to the positive pole of operational amplifier U2C through capacitor C20; the negative pole of operational amplifier U2B is connected to its output terminal through resistor R27 Connected; the negative pole of operational amplifier U2B is also connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U2C through resistor R32; the output terminal of operational amplifier U2B is connected to the output carbonyl of operational amplifier U2C through resistor R19 and resistor R33 in turn; the negative pole of operational amplifier U2C is connected through resistor R28 Grounded and connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2C through the resistor R29; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2C is grounded through the capacitor C24; the end of the resistor R33 not connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2C is connected to the power amplifier.
功率放大器包括三极管Q5，三极管Q5的基极与混频器的输出端相连；三极管Q5的发射极分别通过电容C19和电阻34接地；三极管Q5的集电极通过电容C25与电源VCC相连；电容C25的两端接有模拟信号输出端口J3。The power amplifier includes a triode Q5, the base of the triode Q5 is connected to the output terminal of the mixer; the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected to the ground through the capacitor C19 and the resistor 34 respectively; the collector of the triode Q5 is connected to the power supply VCC through the capacitor C25; the capacitor C25 Both ends are connected with an analog signal output port J3.
检测模式detection mode
采用上述结构后，本实施例可以采用两种检测模式进行检测，具体如下：After adopting the above structure, this embodiment can use two detection modes for detection, as follows:
(1)扫描模式(1) Scan mode
该模式主要用于测试气体泄漏。例如：空气、蒸汽、和真空泄漏；排气系统、交换器和交流系统泄漏；电火花或电释放。This mode is mainly used for testing gas leaks. Examples: air, steam, and vacuum leaks; exhaust system, exchanger, and AC system leaks; spark or discharge.
戴上耳机并连接到接收器上，将接收器的声波传感器探头朝向被检测物或检测区域，瞄准接收器，左右移动、上下定位，试图听到最强的(最剧烈)的信号，然后追踪波源。靠近波源的同时调低电位表降低接收器的灵敏 度，有助于精确定位故障源。Put on the earphone and connect it to the receiver, point the receiver's acoustic wave sensor probe towards the detected object or detection area, aim at the receiver, move left and right, position up and down, try to hear the strongest (most violent) signal, and then track wave source. Turning down the potentiometer while close to the source of the wave reduces the sensitivity of the receiver and helps pinpoint the source of the fault.
此模式下，根据现场需要，在接收器探头位置加装空心声学探针，集中器或者一英寸声学探针，可达到更好的检测效果。In this mode, according to the needs of the site, a hollow acoustic probe, a concentrator or a one-inch acoustic probe can be installed at the position of the receiver probe to achieve better detection results.
若要测量无压容器或空腔的密封及垫圈的缺陷，需配合发射器使用，将开启的发射器置于容器中，用手持机在容器外扫描测试，能快速准确查找泄漏。If you want to measure the seal and gasket defects of a pressureless container or cavity, you need to use it with the transmitter. Put the opened transmitter in the container, and use the handheld device to scan and test outside the container to quickly and accurately find leaks.
(2)接触模式(2) Contact mode
该模式主要用于侦测机械故障：使用实心探针附件，可以使用户辨别高速运转的内部部件的状态。此模式即是用于判断内部部件(如：轴承、齿轮、阀门、螺线管、气缸、推进器，等)的运作条件。通过辨别内部传出的信号，用户可以在问题出现早期决定内部运作的状态变化。This mode is mainly used to detect mechanical faults: using the solid probe attachment, it allows the user to discern the status of internal components operating at high speed. This mode is used to judge the operating conditions of internal components (such as: bearings, gears, valves, solenoids, cylinders, propellers, etc.). By discerning internal outgoing signals, users can determine changes in the state of inner workings early on when problems arise.
测试时，用户将实心探针的末端置于最接近部件的机架(例如：轴承或齿轮)上。用户启动全负荷增益模式，并缓缓从0开始调高电位表，直到将部件产生的信号转化为可听的声响(此设置通通常介于0-1之间)。如果信号过于强烈，请调节增益模式到半增益状态。To test, the user places the end of the solid probe on the frame closest to the component (eg, a bearing or gear). The user activates the full load gain mode and slowly increases the potentiometer from 0 until the signal generated by the part is converted into an audible sound (this setting is usually between 0-1). If the signal is too strong, please adjust the gain mode to half gain state.
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or adopt similar methods to replace them, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the definition of the appended claims range.
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