技术领域technical field
本发明涉及客运领域，具体涉及公共交通(尤其是公路运输，铁路运输或飞机运输)。The present invention relates to the field of passenger transport, in particular to public transport (especially road transport, rail transport or aircraft transport).
更具体地涉及制造一种座椅，所述座椅包括附接至座椅靠背的折叠元件，所述折叠元件尤其由可枢转到座椅前部的桌台构成，所述桌台尤其经过座椅靠背枢转到座椅前部。提供这种布置来减轻交通工具的正面碰撞对位于布置在所讨论的设置有折叠元件的座椅后方的座椅上的乘客的身体(尤其是头部)的影响。It relates more particularly to the manufacture of a seat comprising a folding element attached to the seat back, said folding element consisting in particular of a table pivotable to the front of the seat, in particular through The seat back pivots to the front of the seat. This arrangement is provided to mitigate the effects of a frontal collision of the vehicle on the body, in particular the head, of a passenger located on a seat arranged behind the seat in question provided with the folding element.
背景技术Background technique
交通工具座椅的体积和质量是关注点，应解决这些关注点以便减小运输环境足迹(transport environmental footprint)，尤其是公共交通工具。然而，体积和重量的减小不应对乘客的安全造成影响。The volume and mass of vehicle seats are concerns that should be addressed in order to reduce the transport environmental footprint, especially public transport. However, the reduction in size and weight should not compromise the safety of passengers.
尤其在飞机运输中，体积和重量的减小由于给定飞行所需的能量而激化。因为安全是必要条件，减重策略的制定不应危害座椅强度。通过减小座椅的单位体积，可以减小两排座椅之间的空间并且增加飞机中所能乘坐的乘客的数量，或者反过来说，增加分配给每位乘客的空间或分配给物品的空间。对于航线上恒定的乘客流量而言，飞机的更优的载客量能够使飞行的次数减少。同样地，因为座椅的单位质量的减轻限制了给定飞行所需的能量，因此节省了飞行所需的燃油，进而减少了温室气体排放。Especially in aircraft transportation, the reduction in volume and weight is exacerbated by the energy required for a given flight. Because safety is a must, weight reduction strategies should be developed without compromising seat strength. By reducing the unit volume of the seats, it is possible to reduce the space between two rows of seats and increase the number of passengers that can be accommodated in an aircraft, or conversely, increase the space allocated to each passenger or to items space. For a constant passenger flow on the route, the better passenger capacity of the aircraft enables the number of flights to be reduced. Likewise, because the reduced unit mass of the seat limits the energy required for a given flight, it saves fuel required for the flight, which in turn reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
专利WO/2010/086785示出了附接至座椅的可枢转元件的技术水平：这些元件具有乘客使用时的一个或多个位置，以及收起所述元件时的折叠固定位置。非限制性地，所讨论的元件可以是扶手、杯座、屏幕或电子设备、挂衣钩。Patent WO/2010/086785 shows the state of the art of pivotable elements attached to seats: these elements have one or more positions when in use by a passenger, and a folded fixed position when said elements are stowed. Without limitation, the element in question may be an armrest, a cup holder, a screen or electronic device, a coat hook.
专利WO/2011/094668更精确地描述了在不使用时限定元件(此处为桌台)的折叠位置的方法。座椅中设置有凹部，并且桌台被插入到所述凹部内。可以在桌台的裸露部分上添加覆层以在碰撞的情况下对乘客进行缓冲。Patent WO/2011/094668 describes more precisely a method of defining the folded position of an element (here a table) when not in use. A recess is provided in the seat, and the table is inserted into the recess. Cladding can be added to exposed parts of the table to cushion passengers in the event of a collision.
专利WO/2013/003537建议将元件(依然为桌台)设置到枢转臂上，以便在乘客使用时能够定位元件的位置。此外，当不使用所述元件时，所述位置简单地为大致的竖直固定位置。Patent WO/2013/003537 proposes to place the element (again the table) on a pivoting arm in order to be able to position the element when in use by a passenger. Furthermore, the position is simply a generally vertical fixed position when the element is not in use.
专利WO/2013/006749转而公开一种用于在座椅处于直立位置时折叠所述桌台的作用装置：所述桌台可根据座椅的倾斜度以不同的倾斜度展开，并且在座椅处于直立位置时被自动地折叠。Patent WO/2013/006749 turns to disclose an action device for folding the table when the seat is in an upright position: the table can be unfolded with different inclinations according to the inclination of the seat, and The chair is automatically folded when in the upright position.
所有用于附接和定位座椅元件(如，桌台)的布置基于下述原则：元件在不使用时被固定在不变的位置，即处于“收起状态”。在发生事故时，这些元件可以造成危险，因为在所述元件被附接至座椅靠背的背部的情况下这些元件位于乘客的头部的行进路径上。All arrangements for attaching and positioning seating elements, such as tables, are based on the principle that the elements are fixed in a constant position when not in use, ie in a "stored state". In the event of an accident, these elements can pose a hazard because they are located in the path of travel of the passenger's head when said elements are attached to the back of the seat back.
另一方面，国际申请WO2012/104248公开了一种具有相对小的整体空间和重量的超轻飞机座椅，并且同时实现了乘客舒适度(尤其是坐面和座椅靠背)参照图1，示出了用于形成一组三个座椅的示例性结构1。结构1由多个管状元件1A、1B、1C、1D、1F和1G构成，所述多个管状元件1A、1B、1C、1D、1F和1G通过连接部件2A、2B、2C、2D相互组装。因此，需注意的是，未占用空间的被设置在坐面和三个座椅的后方，以便织物在管状元件之间延伸并形成座椅的功能性元件。On the other hand, international application WO2012/104248 discloses an ultra-light aircraft seat with relatively small overall space and weight, and at the same time achieves passenger comfort (especially the seat surface and seat back). Referring to FIG. 1 , it is shown An exemplary structure 1 for forming a set of three seats is shown. The structure 1 consists of a plurality of tubular elements 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1F and 1G assembled to each other by means of connecting parts 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D. It is therefore noted that the free space is placed behind the seating surface and the three seats so that the fabric runs between the tubular elements and forms the functional elements of the seats.
另一方面，在飞机发生剧烈(尤其是正面)碰撞的情况下(例如坠毁的情况下)应当确保乘客的安全。在图1所示的结构1的情况下，因为结构1是不可变形的，所以座椅靠背在碰撞期间不被折叠。另一方面，正如国际申请WO2012/130809所描述的，在结构1的管状元件1A-1G之间拉紧的能量吸收织物的使用能够通过使乘客逐步地减速来吸收碰撞能量。On the other hand, the safety of the passengers should be ensured in the event of a severe (in particular frontal) collision of the aircraft, such as in the case of a crash. In the case of the structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 , the seat back is not folded during a crash because the structure 1 is non-deformable. On the other hand, the use of an energy-absorbing fabric stretched between the tubular elements 1A-1G of the structure 1 , as described in the international application WO 2012/130809, enables the absorption of crash energy by gradually decelerating the occupants.
图2示出根据现有技术的一组两排4的三个座椅的示例性实施例。在正面碰撞期间，每个乘客6对着位于他/她前方的座椅的靠背3的背部向前扑去。被拉紧在结构1中部的由能量吸收织物制成的座椅靠背3因此变形，并且通过使乘客6(尤其是他/她的头部)逐步减速来吸收碰撞能量。在这种情况下，在碰撞期间，在前方座椅的靠背3上存在诸如桌台之类的折叠刚性元件会对乘客造成危害。实际上，乘客6不冲击在构成座椅靠背3的可变形织物上，而是冲击在阻碍在其前方的整体联接至刚性结构1的刚性桌台上。于是，乘客碰撞受到的碰撞超过管控要求。头部损伤指标(Head Injury Criterion，HIC)能够尤其超过阈值1000，下面给出HIC的公式：Figure 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a group of two rows 4 of three seats according to the prior art. During a frontal collision, each passenger 6 throws forward against the back of the backrest 3 of the seat located in front of him/her. The seat back 3 made of energy-absorbing fabric tensioned in the middle of the structure 1 is thus deformed and absorbs the impact energy by gradually decelerating the occupant 6 , especially his/her head. In this case, the presence of a folded rigid element such as a table on the backrest 3 of the seat in front during a crash would pose a hazard to the occupants. In fact, the occupant 6 does not impinge on the deformable fabric constituting the seat back 3 , but on the rigid table integrally linked to the rigid structure 1 obstructing in front of it. As a result, the impact of the passenger collision exceeds the control requirements. The Head Injury Criterion (HIC) can especially exceed the threshold value of 1000, and the formula of HIC is given below:
在这一公式中，a(t)为头部重心的动力学加速度(单位m.s-2)，在t1和t2两个时刻以秒测量，并且t2–t1>15ms。In this formula, a(t) is the dynamic acceleration of the center of gravity of the head (in ms−2 ), measured in seconds at two moments t1 and t2 , and t2 −t1 >15 ms.
此外，如果座椅5的背部被期望实现功能化，以便将附件插入到所述背部中以供位于座椅5后方的乘客6使用，则应当确保这些附件在碰撞时不会构成刚性障碍物。Furthermore, if the back of the seat 5 is intended to be functionalized in order to insert accessories into said back for the passenger 6 located behind the seat 5, it should be ensured that these accessories do not constitute a rigid obstacle in the event of a crash.
最后，专利文件FR 2 883 529 A1描述了一种交通工具座椅，所述交通工具座椅装备有围绕水平轴枢转的可适应性调节桌台，所述桌台面朝坐在所讨论座椅后方的座椅上的乘客。该文件中描述的装置通过桌台后方的乘客的驱动而使得能够将所述桌台定位在多个位置。孔42的系统(布置在分度圆筒上)使得能够在弹簧的作用下将球容纳在其中。孔42尤其被布置在不同的角度位置，所述不同的角度位置限定桌台的不同的功能性位置。因此，无论孔的位置(尤其是限定竖直位置的最后的孔)如何，枢转桌台的拉力相同。Finally, patent document FR 2 883 529 A1 describes a vehicle seat equipped with an adaptable adjustable table pivoting about a horizontal axis, the table facing towards the seat in question. Passengers in the seat behind the seat. The device described in this document enables the positioning of the table in several positions by actuation of the passenger behind the table. The system of holes 42 (arranged on the graduated cylinder) makes it possible to accommodate the balls therein under the action of a spring. The holes 42 are in particular arranged at different angular positions which define different functional positions of the table top. Thus, regardless of the position of the holes (in particular the last hole defining the vertical position), the pulling force of the pivoting table is the same.
因此，本发明的目的是：克服这些缺陷，并且在飞机正面碰撞时即使在座椅靠背上存在有折叠元件的情况下也允许位于所讨论的座椅后方的座椅上的乘客的身体(尤其是他/她的头部)通地位于他/她的前方的所讨论座椅的背部向前移动，并且还允许对所述向前移动进行减速。附接在飞机座椅上的元件的现有技术水平不能在不大量增加座椅重量(例如，在桌台的下表面上添加泡沫塑料)的情况下确保乘客的安全。It is therefore the object of the present invention to overcome these drawbacks and to allow the body of a passenger (especially in particular) on a seat located behind the seat in question to recover in the event of a frontal collision of the aircraft even in the presence of folding elements on the seat backrest. is his/her head) through the back of the seat in question, which is in front of him/her, moves forward and also allows deceleration of said forward movement. The state of the art of components attached to aircraft seats cannot ensure the safety of passengers without a substantial increase in the weight of the seat (for example, adding foam to the lower surface of the table).
发明内容Contents of the invention
为此，本发明的主要目标是一种用于乘客的交通工具座椅，所述座椅包括座椅靠背，所述座椅靠背具有朝向乘客的正面和与所述正面相反的背面，所述座椅包括折叠元件，所述折叠元件利用至少一个围绕旋转轴的铰链相对于所述座椅靠背可枢转地安装至所述座椅靠背的背面，使得所述折叠元件能够呈现由至少两个接合器件限定的至少两个预定的角度位置，所述至少两个预定的角度位置包括大体上竖直的位置，在所述大体上竖直的位置，所述折叠元件被折叠到所述座椅靠背的背面，To this end, the main object of the present invention is a vehicle seat for a passenger, said seat comprising a seat back having a front side facing the passenger and a back side opposite said front side, said The seat includes a folding element pivotally mounted to the back of the seat back relative to the seat back by means of at least one hinge about an axis of rotation such that the folding element can be presented by at least two at least two predetermined angular positions defined by the engagement means, the at least two predetermined angular positions including a substantially vertical position in which the folding element is folded into the seat the back of the backrest,
在本发明的主要应用中，折叠元件为桌台。In the main application of the invention, the folding element is a table.
根据本发明，与大体上竖直的位置相关联的接合器件被构造成：使得折叠元件能够继续旋转超过所述大体上竖直的位置，直至座椅靠背的正面。According to the invention, the engagement means associated with the substantially vertical position are configured such that the folding element can continue to rotate beyond said substantially vertical position, up to the front of the seat back.
在对着折叠元件的碰撞的作用下(例如，位于所述座椅后方的乘客头部的碰撞，该乘客例如坐在所述座椅的后方的座椅上)，超过力和预定的值。Under the effect of a collision against the folding element (for example a collision with the head of an occupant located behind the seat, for example sitting on the seat behind the seat), the force and the predetermined value are exceeded.
“交通工具”表示至少一个乘客的运输或位移工具，例如，飞机、汽车、轮船、刺激的飞艇(thrill ride basket)。"Vehicle" means a vehicle of transportation or displacement of at least one passenger, eg, airplane, automobile, ship, thrill ride basket.
座椅靠背的正面是与坐在该座椅上的乘客的背部接触的面，并且座椅靠背的背面是该座椅面朝坐在该座椅后方的座椅上的乘客的面。The front of the seat back is the face that contacts the back of a passenger sitting on the seat, and the back of the seat back is the face of the seat facing the passenger sitting on the seat behind the seat.
根据本发明的座椅能够进一步包括一个或多个下述特征，所述特征可以独立地采用或者根据任何可行的技术组合。The seat according to the invention can further comprise one or more of the following features, which may be employed independently or in any technically feasible combination.
与所述大体上竖直的位置相关联的接合器件包括阻力递增器件，所述接合器件能够在未发生所述碰撞时将所述折叠元件保持在所述大体上竖直的位置，并且所述接合器件能够在对着所述折叠元件的碰撞的作用下允许所述折叠元件继续枢转到所述座椅靠背的正面并增大对枢转的阻力。engagement means associated with said substantially vertical position comprises incremental resistance means capable of maintaining said folding element in said substantially vertical position in the absence of said collision, and said The engagement means are capable of allowing continued pivoting of the folding element to the front of the seat back under the effect of a bump against the folding element and increasing the resistance to pivoting.
所述阻力递增器件可包括至少一个弹性弹簧。The increasing resistance means may comprise at least one elastic spring.
所述阻力递增器件可包括一系列阻挡部件，每个所述阻挡部件能够在沿碎裂方向递增的预定力的作用下机械地碎裂。The incremental resistance device may comprise a series of blocking members, each of which is capable of breaking apart mechanically under a predetermined force increasing in a breaking direction.
所述折叠元件可被安装在所述座椅的两个结构元件之间并且可围绕所述至少一个铰链的旋转轴枢转，所述旋转轴针对每个所述结构元件包括从各结构元件伸出的旋转部件，并且阻力递增器件包括第一弹性元件和第二弹性元件，所述第一弹性元件和第二弹性元件各自通过第一端部附接至所述旋转部件，并且所述第一弹性元件和第二弹性元件各自通过第二端部附接至用于将所述折叠元件附接在所述至少一个铰链处的附接部件，所述第一弹性元件和第二弹性元件被布置在所述结构元件的两侧。The folding element is mountable between two structural elements of the seat and is pivotable about an axis of rotation of the at least one hinge comprising, for each of the structural elements, an extension from the respective structural element. out of the rotating part, and the resistance increasing device includes a first elastic element and a second elastic element, the first elastic element and the second elastic element are each attached to the rotating part through a first end, and the first An elastic element and a second elastic element are each attached by a second end to attachment means for attaching the folding element at the at least one hinge, the first elastic element and the second elastic element being arranged on both sides of the structural element.
所述阻力递增器件包括至少一个从起重器系统、摩擦制动系统和齿带轮系统中选出的元件。The increasing resistance device includes at least one element selected from a jack system, a friction brake system and a toothed pulley system.
碰撞力的预定值高于或等于300牛顿(大约30千克)，所述力在正常条件下能够由压靠桌台的乘客产生。The predetermined value of the impact force is higher than or equal to 300 Newtons (approximately 30 kilograms), which force can be generated by a passenger pressing against the table under normal conditions.
所述与大体上竖直的位置相关联的接合器件可包括阻挡部件，所述阻挡部件能够在未发生所述碰撞时将所述折叠元件保持在所述大体上竖直的位置，并且所述阻挡部件能够在以预定值施加所述碰撞的力(或力矩)的情况下机械地碎裂。Said engagement means associated with a substantially vertical position may comprise a blocking member capable of maintaining said folding element in said substantially vertical position in the absence of said collision, and said The blocking member can be mechanically disintegrated upon application of the force (or moment) of said collision at a predetermined value.
在所述大体上竖直的位置，所述阻挡部件可被布置成：在所述折叠元件的远离所述至少一个铰链的一个端部处抵靠所述折叠元件。In said substantially vertical position, said blocking member may be arranged to abut against said folding element at one end of said folding element remote from said at least one hinge.
替代性地，在所述大体上竖直的位置，所述阻挡部件可被布置成：在所述至少一个铰链处抵靠所述折叠元件。Alternatively, in said substantially vertical position, said blocking member may be arranged to abut against said folding element at said at least one hinge.
所述至少一个铰链可包括衬套，在所述衬套中设置有形成一圆弧的圆形凹槽，与所述折叠元件的枢转端部成一体的销可在所述圆形凹槽中滑动，所述圆形凹槽的一个端部构成对所述折叠元件的大体上水平的位置加以限定的接合器件。The at least one hinge may comprise a bushing in which a circular groove forming an arc of a circle is provided, in which a pin integral with the pivoting end of the folding element One end of said circular groove constitutes engaging means defining a substantially horizontal position of said folding element.
附图说明Description of drawings
在阅读下文中对多个非限制性实施例示例的详细说明以及查阅示意性附图和局部附图的基础上，本发明及其不同技术特征将被更好的理解，其中：The invention and its different technical features will be better understood on the basis of reading the following detailed description of a number of non-limiting examples of embodiment and by consulting the schematic and partial drawings, in which:
图1以透视图示出根据现有技术和根据本发明的一组三个座椅的骨架：Figure 1 shows in perspective view the skeleton of a set of three seats according to the prior art and according to the invention:
图2为根据现有技术的座椅的透视图，存在乘客并且处于碰撞情况下；Figure 2 is a perspective view of a seat according to the prior art with a passenger present and in a crash situation;
图3A和图3B涉及使用在根据本发明的座椅中的接合器件；Figures 3A and 3B relate to the engagement means used in the seat according to the invention;
图4A和图4B示出图3A和图3B所示的接合器件的操作；Figures 4A and 4B illustrate the operation of the bonded device shown in Figures 3A and 3B;
图5示出了使用在根据本发明的座椅中的接合器件的替代性实施例；Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the engagement means used in the seat according to the invention;
图6A和图6B示出了使用在根据本发明的座椅中的接合器件的第二实施例；Figures 6A and 6B show a second embodiment of the engagement means used in the seat according to the invention;
图7A和图7B示出了使用在根据本发明的座椅中的接合器件的第三实施例；Figures 7A and 7B show a third embodiment of the engagement means used in the seat according to the invention;
图8A和图8B示出根据现有技术的座椅的折叠元件，以及Figures 8A and 8B show a folding element of a seat according to the prior art, and
图9A、9B和图9C示出了使用在根据本发明的座椅中的接合器件的第四实施例。Figures 9A, 9B and 9C show a fourth embodiment of the engagement means used in the seat according to the invention.
在这些附图中，相同的附图标记可指示相同或相似的元件。In the drawings, the same reference numerals may indicate the same or similar elements.
同样地，附图中的不同部件不一定按相同的比例绘出，以使附图更清晰。Likewise, different components in the figures are not necessarily drawn to the same scale in order to improve the clarity of the figures.
具体实施方式detailed description
通常，可枢转地安装到飞机座椅靠背的背面的桌台被阻挡在其大体上竖直的位置，使得这些桌台能够在起飞和着陆阶段期间或不使用时保持竖起。接合器件，例如可枢转地安装到座椅靠背的结构上的闩扣，能够限定所述大体上竖直的位置。Typically, tables that are pivotally mounted to the back of an aircraft seat back are blocked in their generally upright position so that they can remain upright during takeoff and landing phases or when not in use. An engagement means, such as a latch pivotally mounted to the structure of the seat back, can define said substantially vertical position.
参照图3A和图3B，根据本发明的第一实施例的座椅设置有两个铰链50，所述两个铰链50布置在折叠元件的基部的两侧，所述折叠元件即在座椅靠背3的背部上枢转的桌台10。这两个铰链50各自包括附接至座椅靠背3的支杆16的衬套12以及旋转轴11，折叠元件围绕所述旋转轴可枢转地安装。桌台10的位于旋转轴11附近的端部10A沿着圆形凹槽13行进，桌台10的枢转端部10A的销(未示出)在所述圆形凹槽中滑动，并且对桌台10的大体上竖直的位置加以限定的阻挡部件14在完全确定的位置处被附接在所述圆形凹槽中。桌台10的大体上的水平位置由圆形凹槽13的第一端部51限定。应注意，所述圆形凹槽13延伸超过阻挡部件14，以便使桌台能够继续其旋转运动。3A and 3B, the seat according to the first embodiment of the present invention is provided with two hinges 50, the two hinges 50 are arranged on both sides of the base of the folding element, that is, on the seat back 3 pivot table 10 on the back. These two hinges 50 each comprise a bushing 12 attached to a strut 16 of the seat back 3 and an axis of rotation 11 around which the folding element is pivotally mounted. The end 10A of the table 10 near the axis of rotation 11 runs along a circular groove 13 in which a pin (not shown) of the pivoting end 10A of the table 10 slides and The blocking member 14 , which defines the substantially vertical position of the table top 10 , is attached in said circular groove at a well-defined position. The substantially horizontal position of the table top 10 is defined by the first end 51 of the circular recess 13 . It should be noted that said circular groove 13 extends beyond the blocking member 14 in order to enable the table to continue its rotational movement.
图3A示出桌台10的大体上水平的位置，而图3B示出桌台10的大体上竖直的位置(抵接阻挡部件14，折叠至座椅靠背3的背面17)。Figure 3A shows the generally horizontal position of the table 10, while Figure 3B shows the generally vertical position of the table 10 (against the blocking member 14, folded to the back 17 of the seat back 3).
参照图4A，在交通工具(例如，飞机)正面碰撞的情况下，位于布置在附接有桌台10的座椅后方的座椅上乘客的头部15以力F对着桌台10扑去。Referring to FIG. 4A , in the event of a vehicle (for example, an airplane) frontal collision, the head 15 of the passenger on the seat arranged behind the seat to which the table 10 is attached is thrown against the table 10 with a force F .
如图4B所示，在头部15对着桌台10的碰撞的作用下，阻挡部件14通过破裂或通过脱离圆形凹槽13机械地碎裂。因此，桌台10被释放而相对于撞击桌台10的头部15能够继续向前旋转，从而经由座椅靠背3的中央部件18通过座椅靠背的背面。在此情况中，阻挡部件14是可移除的。预期的是，阻挡部件14的尺寸被设置成：在具有等于或高于300牛顿(大约30千克)的力的碰撞的作用下破裂。As shown in FIG. 4B , under the effect of the impact of the head 15 against the table top 10 , the blocking member 14 is mechanically disintegrated by breaking or by breaking away from the circular groove 13 . The table 10 is thus released to be able to continue to rotate forwards relative to the head 15 striking the table 10 , passing the back of the seat back 3 via the central part 18 of the seat back 3 . In this case, the blocking member 14 is removable. It is contemplated that the blocking member 14 is sized to rupture under impact with a force equal to or greater than 300 Newtons (approximately 30 kilograms).
参照图5，还可设想使用圆形凹槽上的一系列的多个阻挡部件14A来形成阻力递增器件。因此，这些阻挡部件14A中的每个都能够在确定的力的作用下碎裂，所述力优选地沿桌台的摆动方向递增。Referring to Figure 5, it is also conceivable to use a series of multiple blocking members 14A on a circular groove to form an incremental resistance device. Each of these blocking parts 14A is therefore capable of shattering under a determined force, preferably increasing in the swinging direction of the table.
图6A和6B示出阻挡部件14的使用，所述阻挡部件14相对于座椅被固定地布置，并抵靠桌台10的距离旋转轴11最远的端部10B。在此情况下，阻挡部件14的尺寸也被设置成：超过确定的力时碎裂，以便使桌台10能够继续其向前摆动位置的旋转，如图6B所示。在此情况下，阻挡部件14被布置在可枢转地安装到座椅靠背3的结构16上的闩扣处。FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate the use of a blocking member 14 which is fixedly arranged relative to the seat and abuts against the end 10B of the table 10 furthest from the axis of rotation 11 . In this case, the blocking member 14 is also dimensioned to break apart when a certain force is exceeded, so as to enable the table 10 to continue the rotation in its forward swing position, as shown in FIG. 6B . In this case, the blocking part 14 is arranged at a latch pivotally mounted to the structure 16 of the seat back 3 .
参考图7A和图7B，限定大体上竖直的位置的接合器件可以是弹性器件(例如，布置在圆形凹槽13处的弹簧20)，与图4A的可动部件14类似。因此，弹簧20将桌台10保持在大体上竖直的位置。在此情况下，在附接有桌台10的座椅后方的座椅上的乘客的头部的碰撞期间，弹簧20被逐步地压缩并且趋于阻碍桌台10的进一步的摆动运动。座椅的向前位移越长，弹簧20的弹簧力越大。相对于前述实施例，这种实施例实现了对乘客头部15的非常舒适的承接，因为所述头部15的碰撞通过被压缩的弹簧20而逐步地缓冲，如图6B所示。Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B , the engagement means defining the substantially vertical position may be elastic means (eg a spring 20 arranged at the circular groove 13 ), similar to the movable part 14 of FIG. 4A . Thus, the spring 20 maintains the table top 10 in a generally upright position. In this case, during the impact of the head of an occupant on the seat behind the seat to which the table table 10 is attached, the spring 20 is progressively compressed and tends to hinder a further swinging movement of the table table 10 . The longer the forward displacement of the seat, the greater the spring force of the spring 20 . Compared to the previous embodiments, this embodiment achieves a very comfortable reception of the passenger's head 15, since the impact of said head 15 is gradually damped by the compressed spring 20, as shown in FIG. 6B.
图7A和图7B中示出的弹簧20的实施例可以被多种不同的其它旋转阻力递增器件替代。因此，设想起重器系统(jack system)、静摩擦或液压摩擦制动系统或甚至是在旋转轴内具有静摩擦的制动系统(例如，齿带轮系统)来产生所述阻力。在此情况下，液压起重器将桌台连接至所述结构并且在桌台向前旋转时伸展或被压缩，并且具有与转速成比例的流体摩擦力。静摩擦系统可以是起重器被两个互相摩擦的部件替代的类似系统，或者也可以直接位于旋转轴处。嵌套的齿带轮的系统在于将两个或更多个具有旋转轴的齿带轮组合起来，这些齿带轮中的一些齿带轮整体联接至桌台，其它的齿带轮整体联接至座椅结构。在桌台旋转期间，多个带轮的齿相互冲击并且逐步地变形，每次变形限制了桌台的向前前进。The embodiment of the spring 20 shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B may be replaced by a variety of other rotational resistance increasing means. Therefore, a jack system, a static friction or hydraulic friction braking system or even a braking system with static friction in the rotating shaft (for example a toothed pulley system) is envisaged to generate said resistance. In this case, a hydraulic jack connects the table to the structure and expands or is compressed as the table rotates forward, with fluid friction proportional to rotational speed. The static friction system can be a similar system where the jack is replaced by two parts that rub against each other, or it can be located directly at the axis of rotation. The system of nested toothed pulleys consists in combining two or more toothed pulleys with axes of rotation, some of which are integrally coupled to the table, others integrally to the seat structure. During the rotation of the table, the teeth of the multiple pulleys impact each other and deform progressively, each deformation restricting the forward advancement of the table.
对于这种实施例，并不是在头部15施加到桌台10上的力超过某些阈值时猛烈地碎裂，并且桌台10随着头部15的运动向桌台10的前方运动。因此，可能的乘客的头部15在飞机正面碰撞的情况下被非常平滑地缓冲。还可设想的是，结合位于阻挡部件14后方的阻力递增器件(如图4A和图4B的实施例所限定)。在此情况下，所述器件20仅在阻挡部件14已经破坏时起作用。With such an embodiment, rather than breaking violently when the force applied by the head 15 to the table 10 exceeds some threshold, the table 10 moves forward of the table 10 with the movement of the head 15 . Thus, the head 15 of a potential occupant is cushioned very smoothly in the event of a frontal collision of the aircraft. It is also conceivable to incorporate a resistance increasing means located behind the blocking member 14 (as defined in the embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4B ). In this case, said means 20 only function when the blocking part 14 has been broken.
应指明的是，座椅靠背3的中央部件18可以由多个平行的织物中的一个制成(这些织物可能相互隔开)，因此构成具有非常大的厚度的座椅靠背3。It should be noted that the central part 18 of the seat back 3 can be made of one of several parallel fabrics, possibly spaced apart from each other, thus constituting the seat back 3 with a very great thickness.
图8A和8B示出了现有技术的桌台30的示例性实施例。桌台相对于大体上的竖直结构元件34围绕水平旋转轴31可枢转地安装。在此情况下，桌台30的附接凸耳32被布置在竖直结构元件34的外部。8A and 8B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a prior art table 30 . The table is pivotably mounted about a horizontal axis of rotation 31 relative to a generally vertical structural element 34 . In this case, the attachment lugs 32 of the table top 30 are arranged outside the vertical structural element 34 .
如图8B所示，当桌台30朝着竖直结构元件34向上摆动时，该桌台被阻挡在近似的竖直位置，这是因为桌台由于其长度比两个大体上的竖直结构元件之间的间距更长而抵靠在近似的竖直结构元件34上。As shown in FIG. 8B , when the table 30 is swung upward toward the vertical structural elements 34, the table is blocked in an approximately vertical position because the table is longer than the two substantially vertical structures due to its length. The spacing between the elements is longer and rests on the approximate vertical structural elements 34 .
参照图9A、9B和9C，阻力递增器件的第二弹性实施例使用了结构1的一部分，即近似的竖直结构元件34。在此情况下，桌台40的附接凸耳42被设置在两个竖直结构元件34的内侧，使得桌台40能够被朝向座椅靠背的中央部分摆动到竖直结构元件的另一侧，所述桌台的长度比两个竖直结构元件34之间的间距略短。Referring to FIGS. 9A , 9B and 9C, a second elastic embodiment of the incremental resistance device uses a portion of the structure 1 , the approximate vertical structural element 34 . In this case, the attachment lugs 42 of the table platform 40 are arranged inside the two vertical structural elements 34 so that the table platform 40 can be swung towards the central part of the seat back to the other side of the vertical structural elements , the length of the table is slightly shorter than the distance between the two vertical structural elements 34 .
图9B示出摆动的开始，图9C示出摆动的结束，桌台40移动至近似的竖直结构元件34的另一侧。FIG. 9B shows the start of the swing, and FIG. 9C shows the end of the swing, with the table 40 moving to the other side of the approximate vertical structural member 34 .
在这一实施例中，两根旋转轴41与桌台40的附接凸耳42成一体，并且在两个竖直结构元件34中的每一个的另一侧上伸出。此外，两根旋转轴41的外端部设置有附接元件44，所述附接元件44从相应的结构元件34的两侧伸出并且大致平行于桌台40。此外，第一弹性元件45将所述两个附接元件44中的每一个的端部与相应附接凸耳42的元件的端部连接。另外，第二弹性附接元件46将所述两个附接元件44的另一端部与附接凸耳42的位于桌台40附近的部分连接。因此，如图9B所示，当桌台40向上摆动时，弹性元件45和46在近似的竖直位置抵靠相应的结构元件34。如果力被施加到桌台40，该桌台将在座椅靠背一侧继续摆动，如图9C所示。第一弹性元件45和第二弹性元件46被偏压并拉伸，因为它们关于相应的结构元件34被拉长。因此，它们随着桌台40朝向座椅靠背摆动而施加递增的弹簧力。在此情况下，还实现了对抵靠在桌台40上的乘客头部的摆动的逐步减速。In this embodiment, two rotation axes 41 are integral with the attachment lugs 42 of the table top 40 and protrude on the other side of each of the two vertical structural elements 34 . Furthermore, the outer ends of the two rotation axes 41 are provided with attachment elements 44 protruding from both sides of the corresponding structural elements 34 and substantially parallel to the table top 40 . Furthermore, a first elastic element 45 connects the end of each of said two attachment elements 44 with the end of the element of the corresponding attachment lug 42 . In addition, a second elastic attachment element 46 connects the other ends of the two attachment elements 44 with the part of the attachment lug 42 that is located near the table top 40 . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9B , when the table 40 is swung upwards, the elastic elements 45 and 46 abut against the corresponding structural elements 34 at approximately vertical positions. If force is applied to the table 40, the table will continue to swing on the side of the seat back, as shown in Figure 9C. The first elastic element 45 and the second elastic element 46 are biased and stretched because they are elongated with respect to the respective structural element 34 . Thus, they exert an increasing spring force as the table platform 40 swings towards the seat back. In this case, a gradual deceleration of the oscillation of the passenger's head resting on the table platform 40 is also achieved.
当联系到座椅靠背结构为刚性的座椅时，根据本发明的座椅尤其有意义，该座椅靠背结构在剧烈的正面碰撞的情况下不发生变形，所述剧烈的正面碰撞例如为欧洲航空安全局(European Aeronautics Security Agency，EASA)的欧洲技术标准指令(EuropeanTechnical Standard Order，ETSO)C127a所限定的碰撞16g。例如图1所示的管状骨架可以是所述座椅的结构1的一个示例。The seat according to the invention is of particular interest in connection with a seat with a rigid seat back structure which does not deform in the event of a severe frontal impact, for example in a European Collision 16g defined by European Technical Standard Order (ETSO) C127a of European Aeronautics Security Agency (EASA). A tubular frame such as that shown in FIG. 1 may be an example of the structure 1 of the seat.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1352709 | 2013-03-26 | ||
| FR1352709AFR3003820B1 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2013-03-26 | VEHICLE SEAT EQUIPPED WITH A FOLDING ELEMENT, SUCH AS A TABLET |
| PCT/EP2014/055920WO2014154666A1 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-25 | Vehicle seat equipped with a fold-down element, such as a tray |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105102267A CN105102267A (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| CN105102267Btrue CN105102267B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480018977.4AActiveCN105102267B (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-25 | Vehicle seat equipped with folding elements such as trays |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9809139B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2978633B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6445524B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105102267B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR3003820B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014154666A1 (en) |
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| US20160046224A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |