Background technology
The need for river course, dyke are for flood control, protection against the tide, typically there are a series of rock-fill dams such as dangerous section, conduct, shield beachPile, these engineering structures are piled up according to certain rule by stone and adjunct mostly, play control current protection dykeEffect.The stone for constituting these buildings is referred to as root stone, and under normal circumstances, due to washing away for current, root stone can be flushed away,Jackstone must now be carried out to keep the stabilization of building.
The existing method for finding out whether root stone is flushed away is more original, and more manually or machinery cone is visited, but its principle isDown smash by the graduated stiff rod of band and disclosed, until feeling that head touches more solid object, it is impossible to continue, then it is assumed that thisDepth is root Shi Ding interfaces, such as patent ZL 201320278733.2, ZL 200920158324.2, ZL201320105577.X, ZL 200920019604.5, ZL 201320406277.5 etc., although large number of but principle is identical,These methods are a surveys, and multiple spot then is carried out into line as section, and the accuracy of section is very big with measuring point quantitative relation,But in reality because wasting time and energy, the factor such as inefficient often cause measuring point few, calculate that root stone missing amount error is non-with thisChang great, is a kind of very "ball-park" estimate, low precision.Also, shallow water, shoal area mud are thicker, if carrying out artificial or machineTool cone is visited, it is more likely that people and machinery are subside in mire, dangerous.
Also have using geophysical method to carry out root stone whole section detection, such as application publication number CN 103744117A《Non-contact underwater detection method of river channel underwater foundation stone》Propose and cut open the instrument i.e. principle of sonar to visit root stone using shallowSurvey, more quick, accurate, rapidly can solve the problems, such as that root stone section is detected, but its ［ 0016 ］ bar Section 4 it is also proposedDetected in waters of the depth of water more than 0.5m, its main cause is because ship drinking water and sonar probe（Towfish）Volume is causedWaters that cannot be again less than 0.5m is detected, and finds that the depth of water is less than 1m in actual production, is influenceed to visit by factors such as secondary wavesEffect on driving birds is not good is surveyed, reflecting interface image obscures and is difficult to differentiate；For shallow water areas such as the beach similar to marsh, because that cannot goShip, the method cannot be detected at all, can cause calculate section it is very few, measured root stone missing amount is larger with actual gap.
Also have in addition root stone is attempted using electric signal, closest is in Journal of Engineering Geophysics 2005October in year（The 5th phase of volume 2）Upper publication《Electric sounding detects the effect analysis of the Yellow River root stone》Technology, is by surveyingDeep curve judged, interface is divided in terms of its result quite coarse；The judgement at its root stone interface is excessively sentenced by experienceDisconnected exceptions area；The root stone profile sketched the contours of by several measuring points, accuracy is a problem very much, easily causes irregular stone of convex-concaveFail to judge in region；Because without special detection device therefore inefficiency, also there is ineffective discussion in article conclusion.Other are such asDelivered on Changjiang Academy of sciences's journal 2004 year phase of volume 21 the 6th《High-density electric is in stone riprap and the detection of soil layer interfaceApplication》Also all there are Similar Problems etc. technology, particularly all also have at its data in addition without the discussion of special detecting devicesReason means（The 2nd section of Section 4 is mentioned with the Ω * m of resistivity value 1 as partitioning standards）And effect is also poor, and non-resistance rate ladderSpend the treatment of this characterize data rate of change, its result it is with a low credibility.Therefore, shallow water beach root stone section how is effectively solvedDetection be the technical problem for needing conscientiously to solve.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned situation, for the purpose for overcoming the defect of prior art, the present invention is just to provide a kind of shallow water beach rootStone section detection method, can effectively solve the problems, such as to carry out quick, inexpensive detection to root stone section under shallow water, Coastal Area.
The technical scheme that the present invention is solved is, because the Geophysical background composition of shallow water, the root stone of shoal area is generalBe it is most lower be root rock layers, centre be mud, upper strata is water layer, there is more obvious electrical property difference between this.Electricity consumption on shipMethod instrument records the apparent resistivity section in the region by electrode track groove, while being accurately positioned the three of measured position using GPS, be positioned at apparent resistivity section on the profile plot in the work area according to coordinate by dimension coordinate position, and then apparent resistivity section is enteredRow treatment and further GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION, obtain the root stone buried depth and scale of the section, so as to calculate the scarce stone amount of the dam section.Accordingly, the technical scheme that the present invention is solved is first, to install shallow water beach root stone section detecting devices, is then follow these steps toCarry out：Section positions and scans, lays electrode, electric parameter measurement, data processing, the scarce stone amount of calculating, described shallow water beach rootStone section detecting devices includes hull, motor rail groove, support frame, electrical measuring instrument,（Abbreviation electrical instrument）And traverse measurementDevice, on hull, be welded on hull has support frame to traverse measuring device, and the bottom of support frame is equipped with floating bearing, constitutesThe rotary structure of support, hydraulic pump（Or hydraulic cylinder）Mounted in the top of support frame, the lifting column of hydraulic pump is vertically installed on columnIn the stake pocket of lower housing portion, and it is connected with the connecting rod stretched into stake pocket, composition lifting column is in stake pocketLifting structure, connecting rod is connected with motor rail groove, and electrical measuring instrument, and twisted wire wheel, twisted wire wheel and electricity are housed on hullCable bus is connected, and electrical measuring instrument, is connected through cable bus with electrode change-over switch.
The inventive method is simple, easy to operate, low cost, high working efficiency, and detection is accurate, it is ensured that construction quality, effectiveIn riverbank, dyke, it is ensured that the need for flood control, protection against the tide, there is huge economic and social benefit.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the invention is elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention can be realized in specific implementation by following steps：Measuring apparatus are installed first, reality is then follow these steps toIt is existing：
1st, the positioning of section and scanning：
Hull 4 is driven into shallow water area to be measured 3 to fix, then by the electrical measuring instrument, 9 on hull, GPS module 6f,Traverse measuring device 11（Such as car, boat-carrying three-dimensional laser scanner）Time synchronized, with the traverse measuring device 11 on shipLinear survey is carried out to land section, the form line and gps coordinate of the section is obtained, by the GPS module being connected with slot electrodeSlot electrode start-stop coordinate is measured, and through display display location, adjusts the position of hull or slot electrode, it is ensured that slot electrode and survey lineOn same straight line；
2nd, electrode is laid：
Electrode is laid by root stone section detection device, method is：
（1）, the bottom of support frame 7 floating bearing 7a is installed, bearing top is column housing 7e, fluted 7d on housing,Connecting rod 7b is stretched out by groove 7d, and in a non-operative state, electrode track groove 6 is closed on ship, and hydraulic pump is started during work（Or hydraulic cylinder）10, electrode track groove 6 is gone to the top of water level face 5 by rotary support frame 7 from hull, then operates hydraulic pump（Or hydraulic cylinder）10 drive lifting column 7c and connecting rod 7b, and electrode track groove 6 is dropped near the position of the water surface；
（2）, start twisted wire wheel 8, twisted rope 6e, the prefabricated wire casing 6j above rail groove of twisted rope 6e are driven by twisted wire wheel 8In, its end is connected on last electrode change-over switch 6a, and all of electrode change-over switch is concatenated by cable bus 6d, andIn the side of switch by road wheel 6g in wheel shaft 6h connections, band moving electrode 6c walkings in slot electrode 6, so as to pull concatenationElectrode launches, and one section of spring 6b is set between electrode change-over switch 6a and electrode 6c, even if falling process encounters root stone 1, mud2, connected by the electrode that spring 6b circle body internal voids are connected with guard electrode change-over switch 6a, change-over switch 6a and electrode 6cLine 6i, it is ensured that the power supply of electrode and receive electric signal；
3rd, electrical parameter measurement：
Electrical measuring instrument, is opened, cable bus 6d in connection is measured, because ship can be occurred position by water currentsMove, the position data that some data points can be caused not to envision causes data point drift, obtaining each by GPS module floatsThe time of movement surveying point and coordinate, each drift measuring point survey data no less than 5 times；
4th, data processing：
（1）, to the process of fitting treatment of drift data：The apparent resistivity value of drift measuring point locus is extracted first, thenBy multiple（Minimum 5 times, if any larger error, should optionally increase）Displacement relativeness enters row interpolation plan between resistivity valueClose, obtain the resistivity value of former correct position, the resistivity value is then returned into this correct position, and weed out driftData, obtain a complete apparent resistivity section；
（2）, inverting carried out by electrical method software RES2DINV, obtain resistivity profile, then the weight in Surfer and CADStructure, forms editable section resistivity（RES2DINV, Surfer and CAD are the handy freewares of in the market）；
（3）By computer to the calculating of section resistivity and conversion, then with by gps coordinate by the segment data and movementMeasuring system surveys land partial coordinates and carries out nested splicing, just obtains complete longitudinal elevation that contains and is sat with transverse horizontalTarget section；
5th, calculate and lack stone amount：
Section lacks the calculating of stone area：Realized using mathematic integral method, because electrical method data point is discreteData, so need not remake discrete during integration, every 2 points of the root stone data for tracking surround a trapezoidal faces with the fixed gradientProduct, each trapezoidal area is calculated according to the computational methods of geometric figure area, is then by the addition of all of trapezoidal area againThe scarce stone area that can be needed, so as to calculate stone amount of falling vacant.
Described its structure of shallow water beach root stone section detecting devices is, including hull, motor rail groove, support frame, electricityMethod prospecting instrument（Abbreviation electrical instrument）And traverse measuring device, traverse measuring device 11 is welded on the hull 4 on hull 4The bottom for having support frame 7, support frame is equipped with floating bearing 7a, constitutes the rotary structure of support, hydraulic pump（Or hydraulic cylinder）10 dressesOn the top of support frame, the lifting column 7c of hydraulic pump is vertically installed in the stake pocket 7d of column housing 7e bottoms, and with stretchThe connecting rod 7b entered in stake pocket 7d is connected, and constitutes lifting structure of the lifting column in stake pocket, and connecting rod 7b is with electricityMachine rail groove 6 is connected, and electrical measuring instrument, 9 and twisted wire wheel 8 are housed on hull, and twisted wire wheel is connected with cable bus 6d, electrical methodProspecting instrument is connected through cable bus with the electrode change-over switch 6a of motor rail groove.
Described its structure of motor rail groove 6 is that electrode change-over switch 6a, cable bus 6d, electrode 6c are placed in motor railIn the cell body 6k of road groove, twisted rope 6e is fixed on the shell of the electrode change-over switch 6a of cell body 6k least significant ends, and wire casing is penetrated upwardsIn 6j, twisted rope 6e is driven to pull the electrode 6c folding and unfoldings in motor rail groove through twisted wire wheel 8, motor rail groove is fixed with use on two endsIn it is determined that the GPS module of motor track groove location（Or GPS locator）6f, electrode change-over switch 6a is gone here and there by cable bus 6dConnect, and road wheel 6g is mounted on the wheel shaft 6h of electrode change-over switch 6a sides, band moving electrode 6c walks in motor rail grooveStructure, starting termination electrical measuring instrument, 9, is equipped with spring 6b between electrode change-over switch 6a and electrode 6c, set in spring 6bThe flexible electrode connecting line 6i of the connection electrode 6c that guaranteed circuit is communicated and electrode change-over switch 6a.
Described electrode 6c is several, and electrode change-over switch 6a is respectively arranged with each electrode, and the conversion of each two electrode is openedLength of cable is 0.2-1.0m between pass, and after pulling open equidistantly, length of cable is preferably between each two electrode change-over switch0.5m。
The inventive method achieves extraordinary Advantageous Effects through practical application and experiment, and relevant information is as follows：
Dike Along Lower Yellow River is tested through the inventive method, the resistance after Dike Along Lower Yellow River profile data reconstruct as shown in Figure 6Rate inversion chart can be seen that the violent horizontal layer structure of a graded, i.e., two heavy lines are indicated positions,Here isopleth comparatively dense, illustrates the different interface of sustainability matter at this, and upper heavy line is the interface of mud and root stone, lower heavy lineIt is root stone and the interface on embankment basis, is the thickness of the section root stone inside heavy line, data can be parsed voluntarily by softwareGraded is followed the trail of, so as to calculate root rock layers segment thickness below the water surface automatically.
In order to test the order of accuarcy of the method, the cross section place carries out root Shi Ding interfaces Comparative result by probing, altogether5 measuring points of contrast.5th point is that least absolute error is 0m apart from the position of 10m；4th point is maximum apart from the position of 8mAbsolute error is 0.3m, because results of drilling there is also error, so the size of its absolute error can not completely represent Ben FaThe error of bright detection method and device, under existence conditions, this certainty of measurement and error range disclosure satisfy that He Wu departmentsRequirement, correction data is shown in Fig. 7.Show that the inventive method has actual application value, easy to operate, high working efficiency is and existingTechnology is compared, and is had the advantages that following prominent：
1st, the present invention can be detected effectively to the root stone section of shallow water, shoal area, in the past by acoustic signalSonar class method geophysical character in such circumstances is unsatisfactory for, it is impossible to this water level less than 1m region detected orResult of detection distortion；And Traditional Man cone spy method realizes that the root stone section detection realization under the environment is more difficult, and peaceOverall coefficient is low, inefficiency, even if detection cone is visited by force, one section of detection at least needs or so half an hour, and of the inventionMethod 3 minutes or so, efficiency improves 10 times.
2nd, the bottom interface of root stone can be detected using electrical parameter, sonar class method is higher because of its frequency, it is impossible to wearSaturating root stone, can only distinguish the methods such as the top interface of root stone, physics cone spy and be even more impossible.
3rd, because special root stone section detection device is collected a series of complex, time-consuming auxiliary devicesInto, it is basic to realize automation, can effective reduces cost, time saving and energy saving, it is ensured that efficiency.The complete equipment is equipped with slot electrodeGPS module, can show electrode groove location in real time on notebook by navigation software conventional on the market, it is to avoid artificial landGround commander orientation；The traverse measuring device of section realizes that automatic laser is scanned, and the measurement of each section can at least save 50%Time, conventional method uses total powerstation or RTK differential type GPS locations, needs people to walk on section and slightly stop, therefore each is disconnectedInstitute's geodetic form point is limited on face, and automatic laser scan mode can be by the small spacing of section topographic(al) point, high density recording, therefore ratio of precisionConventional method is greatly improved, and whole section survey precision is improved to more than 99%.The automation of slot electrode folding and unfolding, efficiency and safetyProperty greatly improve, Traditional Man arrangement needs 2 people, and to drop down water, in mud intercalative electrode, cabling back and forth, be even more save by comparisonGo for 90% time, and safely, also effectively reduced cost of labor, cost-saved more than 50%.
4th, the automatic identification for realizing interface is changed by resistivity gradient, so that root stone distribution situation is followed the trail of, it is right with drillingRatio error is small, and its maximum absolute error is no more than 0.3m, with a high credibility, is fully able to meet river business division management and guiding constructionRequirement, with good practicality, economic and social benefit is huge.