A kind of monopole antennaTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of antenna technology; Particularly relate to a kind of monopole antenna.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of science and technology, the life modernization day by day of people, limited frequency resource is more and more nervous, and people are proposed higher requirement to the capacity of radio communication and transmission rate, no matter is in military communication or commercial signal communication system, not only require high-quality transferring voice, word, the information such as image, and require that equipment is broadband, miniaturization, sharing.Antenna is as the electromagnetic device of transmitting and receiving, and be part important in wireless communication system, the quality of antenna performance directly determines the quality of wireless communication system quality.In modern military communication systems, for the requirement of secure communication, frequency hopping and spread spectrum are widely used.And the application of these communication technologys has higher requirement to antenna.The beamwidth of antenna, refers to frequency range when antenna performance index meets design requirement.For broad-band antenna, bandwidth represents with the ratio of upper limiting frequency and lower frequency limit usually.Along with developing by leaps and bounds and the appearance of wideband Communication apparatus of electronic technology, the broadband technology of broad-band antenna and antenna is also at development, realize broadband technology at present and mainly contain Wide band array antenna, broadband traveling-wave antenna, non-deformation antenna, and use antenna matching network, in addition, the multimode operation mode of antenna can also be used, combination technique, the bandwidth of the broadening antennas such as antenna fractal technology.And the miniaturization of antenna should be realized, realize the broadband of antenna again, the design of this kind of antenna is more difficult in general.This is because on the one hand when frequency is determined, free space wavelength is constant, antenna is as the device of free space Energy Coupling on the other hand, and its electrical property is directly subject to the restriction of physical dimension, and result is the directivity factor of antenna, impedance, bandwidth etc. form contradiction with the physical dimension of antenna.Modern Communication System based on frequency hop spread spectrum is had higher requirement to the omnidirectional radiation characteristic of antenna and broadband character.Monopole antenna is exactly one and well selects.
But on high band, what adopt in most cases at present has limit for height without loading monopole antenna.But because this has limit for height without loading monopole antenna its input impedance with resonance frequency acute variation, and difficultly to mate with 50 ohm of feeding coaxial lines, comparatively slit is comparatively greatly and be difficult to realize omnidirectional radiation to cause its bandwidth.Such as conventional RLC monopole antenna, although this RLC monopole antenna can accomplish wider bandwidth, its electrical length can reach 1/6th wavelength, is unfavorable for the low section realizing antenna.Although and folded monopole (antenna) antenna electrical length is less, its radiation has stronger directivity, is difficult to realize omnidirectional radiation.Under current technical conditions, when wanting cover whole communications band and realize omnidirectional radiation, a few width antenna of general needs works simultaneously, but due to the effect that intercouples between antenna, the performance of whole antenna system is reduced greatly.Therefore, the omnidirectional radiation effect in order to realize antenna on common antenna is significant.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of monopole antenna with omnidirectional radiation, the radiating element of this monopole antenna comprises four chip architectures and the identical radiant panel of size, radiant panel is right-angled trapezium shape, the right angle Yao Chu of radiant panel is provided with rectangular groove, electric current is introduced by feeding coaxial lines, the electric current that feeding coaxial lines is introduced will form the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of near sinusoidal waveform on every sheet radiant panel, electric current on every sheet radiant panel can resolve into unlimited multiple current element, and every a bit of current element is wherein according to electromagenetic wave radiation mechanism, all can form radiation field in space, the heavy current of four radiant panel generations is according to the external radiated electromagnetic wave of different angles thus, the radiation field of four radiant panels superposes mutually in space, it is bending that the groove that four radiant panels are arranged makes the current path on four radiant panels produce, extend current path, add the current length to space radiation, the spatial electromagnetic ripple making electric current produce thus presents sphere radiation completely, achieve the isotropic directivity of radiation, four radiant panels are coated with cover plate, are equivalent to the load loading certain resistance on the top of antenna, change the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of antenna thus, optimize the antenna pattern of antenna and expand its bandwidth, feeding coaxial lines carries out impedance matching in antennas, thus uniform current is changed slowly, and current break can be avoided to cause the skew of antenna pattern, ensures the omnidirectional radiation effect of monopole antenna.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of monopole antenna, and comprise radiating element, circular substrate and feeding coaxial lines, described radiating element comprises four chip architectures and the identical radiant panel of size;
Described radiant panel is right-angled trapezium shape, the right angle Yao Chu of described radiant panel is provided with rectangular groove, the long limit of described groove is parallel to the upper base of described radiant panel, the minor face of described groove is perpendicular to the upper base of described radiant panel, the long edge lengths of described groove is no more than the half of the bottom length of described radiant panel, and the length of the minor face of described groove is no more than 1/5th of the right angle waist of described radiant panel and is not less than 1/10th of the right angle waist of described radiant panel;
Radiant panel described in four is positioned at the top of described substrate, the bottom of the radiant panel described in four is drawn close and is made its right angle waist composition " ten " font, the bottom of described radiant panel is perpendicular to described substrate, the center of described substrate is provided with installing hole, the acute angle position of the radiant panel described in four enters in described installing hole, and described feeding coaxial lines to be fixed in described installing hole and to weld with the summit place, acute angle position of the radiant panel described in four; The top of the radiant panel described in four is provided with circular cover plate, and the radiant panel covering described in four of described cover plate is fixedly connected with the right angle waist of the radiant panel described in four;
The material of described cover plate is copper, and the diameter of described cover plate is less than the diameter of described substrate, and described cover plate is parallel to described substrate.
Described radiant panel comprises dielectric-slab, the first metal layer and the second metal level, the material of described dielectric-slab is glass-epoxy or pottery, described the first metal layer is attached to the upper surface of described dielectric-slab and is covered by the upper surface of described dielectric-slab, and the second described metal level is attached to the lower surface of described dielectric-slab and is covered by the lower surface of described dielectric-slab.In this structure, radiant panel adopts double-sided copper-clad technology, and what make antenna positive and negative can form electric current and outside radiated electromagnetic wave, ensures the omnidirectional radiation of antenna further.
First grounding probe and the second grounding probe are set between described cover plate and described substrate, the two ends of the first described grounding probe are connected with described cover plate and described substrate respectively, the two ends of the second described grounding probe are connected with described cover plate and described substrate respectively, the first described grounding probe and the second described grounding probe are relative to the Central Symmetry of described substrate, and the first described grounding probe and the second described short circuit are visited all perpendicular to described substrate.In this structure, electric current also finally flows to ground through radiating element again after the first grounding probe and the second grounding probe, adds current path, improves the omnidirectional radiation effect of antenna.
The lower surface of described cover plate is provided with two the first jacks and the second jack, the upper surface of described substrate is provided with the 3rd jack and the 4th jack, the two ends of the first described grounding probe are inserted in the first described jack and the 3rd described jack respectively, and the two ends of the second described grounding probe are inserted in the second described jack and the 4th described jack respectively.In this structure, the first jack, the second jack, the 3rd jack and the 4th jack can make the current path of antenna bend, thus the effective current path of extension antenna, improve the omnidirectional radiation effect of antenna.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that by adopting coaxial feeding technology, the inner core of feeding coaxial lines is welded on the summit place, acute angle position of four radiant panels, the outer core of feeding coaxial lines is welded in the installing hole of substrate, electric current is introduced by feeding coaxial lines, the right angle Yao Chu of every sheet radiant panel is provided with rectangular groove, the electric current that feeding coaxial lines is introduced will form the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of near sinusoidal waveform on every sheet radiant panel, electric current on every sheet radiant panel can resolve into unlimited multiple current element, and every a bit of current element is wherein according to electromagenetic wave radiation mechanism, all can form radiation field in space, the heavy current of four radiant panel generations is according to the external radiated electromagnetic wave of different angles thus, the radiation field of four radiant panels superposes mutually in space, it is bending that the groove that four radiant panels are arranged makes the current path on four radiant panels produce, extend current path, add the current length to space radiation, the spatial electromagnetic ripple making electric current produce thus presents sphere radiation completely, achieve the isotropic directivity of radiation, cover plate covers on four radiant panels and with the right angle waist of four radiant panels and is fixedly connected with, and is equivalent to the load loading certain resistance on the top of antenna, changes the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of antenna thus, optimizes the antenna pattern of antenna and expands its bandwidth, feeding coaxial lines carries out impedance matching in antennas, thus uniform current is changed slowly, and current break can be avoided to cause the skew of antenna pattern, ensures the omnidirectional radiation effect of monopole antenna,
When radiant panel comprises dielectric-slab, the first metal layer and the second metal level, the material of dielectric-slab is glass-epoxy or pottery, the first metal layer is attached to the upper surface of dielectric-slab and is covered by the upper surface of dielectric-slab, when second metal level is attached to the lower surface of dielectric-slab and is covered by the lower surface of dielectric-slab, radiant panel adopts double-sided copper-clad technology, , the first metal layer 7 and the second metal level 8 can make the tow sides of radiant panel 3 all can to space radiation electromagnetic wave, make this monopole antenna directional diagram can produce effective superposition in space, improve the omnidirectional radiation effect of this monopole antenna,
First grounding probe and the second grounding probe are set between cover plate and substrate, the two ends of the first grounding probe are connected with cover plate and substrate respectively, the two ends of the second grounding probe are connected with cover plate and substrate respectively, first grounding probe and the second grounding probe are relative to the Central Symmetry of substrate, when first grounding probe and the second grounding probe are all perpendicular to substrate, electric current also finally flows to ground through radiating element again after the first grounding probe and the second grounding probe, add current path, improve the omnidirectional radiation effect of antenna;
When the lower surface of cover plate is provided with two the first jacks and the second jack, the upper surface of substrate is provided with the 3rd jack and the 4th jack, the two ends of the first grounding probe are inserted in the first jack and the 3rd jack respectively, when the two ends of the second grounding probe are inserted in the second jack and the 4th described jack respectively, first jack, the second jack, the 3rd jack and the 4th jack can make the current path of antenna bend, thus the effective current path of extension antenna, improve the omnidirectional radiation effect of antenna.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of the monopole antenna of embodiments of the invention one;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the radiating element of monopole antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of monopole antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the front view of the monopole antenna of embodiments of the invention two;
The front view of the radiant panel of the radiating element of Fig. 5 monopole antenna of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, monopole antenna of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one: as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, a kind of monopole antenna, comprise radiating element 1, circular substrate 2 and feeding coaxial lines, radiating element 1 comprises four chip architectures and the identical radiant panel 3 of size; The shape of radiant panel 3 is right-angled trapezium shape, the right angle Yao Chu of radiant panel 3 is provided with rectangular groove 4, the long limit of groove 4 is parallel to the upper base of radiant panel 3, the minor face of groove 4 is perpendicular to the upper base of radiant panel 3, the length on the long limit of groove 4 is no more than the half of the length of the bottom of radiant panel 3, and the length of the minor face of groove 4 is no more than 1/5th of the right angle waist of radiant panel 3 and is not less than 1/10th of the right angle waist of radiant panel 3; Four radiant panels 3 are positioned at the top of substrate 2, the bottom of four radiant panels 3 is drawn close and is made its right angle waist composition " ten " font, the bottom of radiant panel 3 is perpendicular to substrate 2, the center of substrate 2 is provided with installing hole, the acute angle position of four radiant panels 3 enters in installing hole, and feeding coaxial lines to be fixed in installing hole and to weld with the summit place, acute angle position of four radiant panels 3; The top of four radiant panels 3 is provided with circular cover plate 5, and covering on four radiant panels 3 and with the right angle waist of four radiant panels 3 of cover plate 5 is fixedly connected with; The material of cover plate 5 is copper, and the diameter of cover plate 5 is less than the diameter of substrate 2, and cover plate 5 is parallel to substrate 2.The upper base of radiant panel 3 refers to the shorter base of right-angled trapezium, and the bottom of radiant panel 3 refers to the longer base of right-angled trapezium.
In the present embodiment, radiant panel 3 comprises dielectric-slab 6, the first metal layer 7 and the second metal level 8, the material of dielectric-slab 6 is glass-epoxy or pottery, the first metal layer 7 is attached to the upper surface of dielectric-slab 6 and is covered by the upper surface of dielectric-slab 6, and the second metal level 8 is attached to the lower surface of dielectric-slab 6 and is covered by the lower surface of dielectric-slab 6.
In the present embodiment, first grounding probe 9 and the second grounding probe 10 is set between cover plate 5 and substrate 2, the two ends of the first grounding probe 9 are connected with cover plate 5 and substrate 2 respectively, the two ends of the second grounding probe 10 are connected with cover plate 5 and substrate 2 respectively, first grounding probe 9 and the second grounding probe 10 are relative to the Central Symmetry of substrate 2, and the first grounding probe 9 and the second grounding probe 10 are all perpendicular to substrate 2.
In the present embodiment, the lower surface of cover plate 5 is provided with two first jacks 11 and the second jacks 12, the upper surface of substrate 2 is provided with the 3rd jack 13 and the 4th jack 14, the two ends of the first grounding probe 9 are inserted in the first jack 11 and the 3rd jack 13 respectively, and the two ends of the second grounding probe 10 are inserted in the second jack 12 and the 4th jack 14 respectively.
The operation principle of the monopole antenna of the present embodiment is: the inner core of feeding coaxial lines is welded on the summit place, acute angle position of four radiant panels 3, the outer core of feeding coaxial lines is welded in the installing hole of substrate 2, electric current is introduced by feeding coaxial lines, feeding coaxial lines carries out impedance matching in antennas, thus uniform current is changed slowly, current break can be avoided to cause the skew of antenna pattern, according to electromagenetic wave radiation mechanism, the electric current that feeding coaxial lines is introduced will form the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of near sinusoidal waveform on every sheet radiant panel 3, electric current on every sheet radiant panel 3 can resolve into unlimited multiple current element, and every a bit of current element wherein all can form radiation field in space, the radiation field of four radiant panels 3 superposes mutually in space, four radiant panels 3 and feeding coaxial lines connect the heavy current that produces according to the external radiated electromagnetic wave of different angles, it is bending that the groove 4 that four radiant panels 3 are arranged makes the current path on four radiant panels 3 produce, be equivalent to extend actual current path, add the current length to space radiation, cover plate covers on four radiant panels 3 and with the right angle waist of four radiant panels 3 and is fixedly connected with, be equivalent to the load loading certain resistance on the top of monopole antenna, change the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of antenna, optimize the antenna pattern of antenna and expand its bandwidth, ensureing the omnidirectional radiation effect of monopole antenna, realize the omnidirectional radiation of this monopole antenna therefrom, radiant panel 3 comprises dielectric-slab 6, the first metal layer 7 and the second metal level 8, the first metal layer 7 and the second metal level 8 can make the tow sides of radiant panel 3 all can to space radiation electromagnetic wave, make this monopole antenna directional diagram can produce effective superposition in space, improve the omnidirectional radiation effect of this monopole antenna, the first grounding probe 9 arranged between cover plate 5 and substrate 2 and the second grounding probe 10 make current path be increased, the electromagnetic coupled at the first grounding probe 9 and the second grounding probe 10 edge, produces heavy current and externally radiated electromagnetic wave improves the omnidirectional radiation effect of this monopole antenna further.
Embodiment two: as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, a kind of monopole antenna, comprise radiating element 1, circular substrate 2 and feeding coaxial lines, radiating element 1 comprises four chip architectures and the identical radiant panel 3 of size; Radiant panel 3 is right-angled trapezium shape, the right angle Yao Chu of radiant panel 3 is provided with rectangular groove 4, the long limit of groove 4 is parallel to the upper base of radiant panel 3, the minor face of groove 4 is perpendicular to the upper base of radiant panel 3, the length on the long limit of groove 4 is no more than the half of the length of the bottom of radiant panel 3, and the length of the minor face of groove 4 is no more than 1/5th of the right angle waist of radiant panel 3 and is not less than 1/10th of the right angle waist of radiant panel 3; Four radiant panels 3 are positioned at the top of substrate, the bottom of four radiant panels 3 is positioned at the top of substrate by four radiant panels 3, the bottom of four radiant panels 3 is drawn close and is made its right angle waist composition " ten " font, the bottom of radiant panel 3 is perpendicular to substrate 2, the center of substrate 2 is provided with installing hole, the acute angle position of four radiant panels 3 enters in installing hole, and feeding coaxial lines to be fixed in installing hole and to weld with the summit place, acute angle position of four radiant panels 3; The top of four radiant panels 3 is provided with cover plate 5, and the shape of cover plate 5 is circular, and cover plate 5 covers on four radiant panels 3, and cover plate 5 is fixedly connected with the right angle waist of four radiant panels 3; The material of cover plate 5 is copper, and the diameter of cover plate 5 is less than the diameter of substrate 2, and cover plate 5 is parallel to substrate 2.The upper base of radiant panel 3 refers to the shorter base of right-angled trapezium, and the bottom of radiant panel 3 refers to the longer base of right-angled trapezium.
In the present embodiment, radiant panel 3 comprises dielectric-slab 6, the first metal layer 7 and the second metal level 8, the material of dielectric-slab 6 is glass-epoxy or pottery, the first metal layer 7 is attached to the upper surface of dielectric-slab 6 and is covered by the upper surface of dielectric-slab 6, and the second metal level 8 is attached to the lower surface of dielectric-slab 6 and is covered by the lower surface of dielectric-slab 6.
The operation principle of the monopole antenna of the present embodiment is: the inner core of feeding coaxial lines is welded on the summit place, acute angle position of four radiant panels 3, the outer core of feeding coaxial lines is welded in the installing hole of substrate 2, electric current is introduced by feeding coaxial lines, feeding coaxial lines carries out impedance matching in antennas, thus uniform current is changed slowly, current break can be avoided to cause the skew of antenna pattern, according to electromagenetic wave radiation mechanism, the electric current that feeding coaxial lines is introduced will form the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of near sinusoidal waveform on every sheet radiant panel 3, electric current on every sheet radiant panel 3 can resolve into unlimited multiple current element, and every a bit of current element wherein all can form radiation field in space, the radiation field of four radiant panels 3 superposes mutually in space, four radiant panels 3 and feeding coaxial lines connect the heavy current that produces according to the external radiated electromagnetic wave of different angles, it is bending that the groove 4 that four radiant panels 3 are arranged makes the current path on four radiant panels 3 produce, be equivalent to extend actual current path, add the current length to space radiation, cover plate covers on four radiant panels 3 and with the right angle waist of four radiant panels 3 and is fixedly connected with, be equivalent to the load loading certain resistance on the top of monopole antenna, change the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of antenna, optimize the antenna pattern of antenna and expand its bandwidth, ensureing the omnidirectional radiation effect of monopole antenna, realize the omnidirectional radiation of this monopole antenna therefrom, radiant panel 3 comprises dielectric-slab 6, the first metal layer 7 and the second metal level 8, the first metal layer 7 and the second metal level 8 can make the tow sides of radiant panel 3 all can to space radiation electromagnetic wave, make this monopole antenna directional diagram can produce effective superposition in space, improve the omnidirectional radiation effect of this monopole antenna.
The monopole antenna of the present embodiment is relative to the monopole antenna of embodiment one, and arrange between cover plate 5 and substrate 2 and there is not the first grounding probe 9 and the second grounding probe 10, the omnidirectional radiation performance of the monopole antenna of embodiment one is more increased.