技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种双馈型风电机组高电压穿越方法，属于双馈型风电机组的发电技术领域。The invention relates to a high-voltage ride-through method of a doubly-fed wind turbine, belonging to the technical field of power generation of a doubly-fed wind turbine.
背景技术Background technique
21世纪，随着世界各国常规化石能源的日益枯竭和节能减排形势的日益严峻，绿色可再生能源和环保型低碳经济越来越受到重视，风力发电得到迅猛发展。目前，国内风电装机总量居于世界第一，风力发电对电网的影响已经引起足够重视。In the 21st century, with the depletion of conventional fossil energy and the increasingly severe situation of energy conservation and emission reduction in various countries in the world, more and more attention has been paid to green renewable energy and an environmentally friendly low-carbon economy, and wind power has developed rapidly. At present, the total installed capacity of wind power in China ranks first in the world, and the impact of wind power on the power grid has attracted enough attention.
电网短路故障会导致风电场并网点电压的跌落，在低电压穿越过程，风电场常采用投入FC、SVC、SVG等无功补偿装置，由于现有无功补偿装置控制精度较差会引起无功过剩，进一步导致电压恢复时产生过电压现象。电网故障会给风电机组等风电场电气设备带来一系列的暂态过程，如过流、低电压、过速等。如果大规模风电机组在电网故障时刻故障停机，就不能支撑电网电压，进而导致连锁反应从电网解列，对电网的稳定运行造成严重影响。The short-circuit fault of the power grid will cause the voltage drop of the grid-connected point of the wind farm. During the low-voltage ride-through process, the wind farm often uses reactive power compensation devices such as FC, SVC, and SVG. Due to the poor control accuracy of the existing reactive power compensation devices, reactive power Excess, and further lead to overvoltage phenomenon when the voltage is restored. Power grid faults will bring a series of transient processes, such as overcurrent, low voltage, and overspeed, to wind turbines and other wind farm electrical equipment. If large-scale wind turbines shut down at the moment of grid failure, they will not be able to support the grid voltage, which will cause a chain reaction to disconnect from the grid and seriously affect the stable operation of the grid.
因此，为了维持电网的安全稳定运行，各国电网部门根据自身实际对风电场的电力接入提出了严格的技术要求，其中风机的故障穿越能力要求(Grid Fault RideThrough，GFRT)被公认为是最具挑战性的一项重要的技术要求。GFRT(包括LVRT与HVRT)概念在国外比较普遍，虽然各国叫法和分类有所不同，但各国标准对风电机组GFRT能力的定义基本一致，其基本内容可概括为：当电力系统事故或扰动引起并网点电压或频率超出标准允许的正常运行范围时，在一定的电压或频率范围及其持续时间间隔之内，风电机组能够按照标准要求保证不脱网连续运行，且平稳过渡到正常运行状态的一种能力。目前国内低压穿越已经在《GBT_19963-2011风电场接入电力系统技术规定》进行了明确规定，但还没有HVRT的具体标准。国内的冀北电科院提出了一些HVRT标准，并在2014年，针对全功率机组及双馈机组做了首次的HVRT测试工作，但只是个案测试，未成为行业标准。其最高要求为机组接入点电压骤升1.3倍标称值200ms，机组不脱网正常运行。Therefore, in order to maintain the safe and stable operation of the power grid, the power grid departments of various countries have put forward strict technical requirements for the power connection of wind farms according to their own actual conditions. Challenging an important technical requirement. The concept of GFRT (including LVRT and HVRT) is relatively common in foreign countries. Although the names and classifications of countries are different, the definitions of GFRT capabilities for wind turbines in national standards are basically the same. The basic content can be summarized as follows: When power system accidents or disturbances cause When the voltage or frequency of the grid-connected point exceeds the normal operating range allowed by the standard, within a certain voltage or frequency range and its duration interval, the wind turbine can guarantee continuous operation without going off-grid according to the standard requirements, and smoothly transition to the normal operating state an ability. At present, the domestic low-voltage ride-through has been clearly stipulated in the "GBT_19963-2011 Wind Farm Access Power System Technical Regulations", but there is no specific standard for HVRT. The domestic Hebei Electric Power Research Institute proposed some HVRT standards, and in 2014, conducted the first HVRT test for full-power units and double-fed units, but it was only a case test and did not become an industry standard. The highest requirement is that the voltage at the unit access point suddenly rises by 1.3 times the nominal value for 200ms, and the unit operates normally without being disconnected from the grid.
当电网发生故障后，可能导致损坏变流器和风电机组，同时也可能对电网产生功率冲击，造成电力系统的暂态不稳定，严重时甚至可能导致局部或者系统瘫痪，危害电网中其他设备造成更严重的损失。因此，当电网故障或者扰动引起风电场并网点的电压不稳定时，风电机组能够不间断的并网运行对于维持电网的稳定有着重要意义。双馈风电变流器的网侧直接与电网相连，当电网电压骤升时，电网侧功率无法送出，功率由电网侧流入变流器，导致直流母线电压快速升高，导致系统故障停机，严重情况下可能因为过电压毁坏功率器件IGBT。When the power grid fails, it may cause damage to the converters and wind turbines, and may also generate power impacts on the power grid, resulting in transient instability of the power system. more serious losses. Therefore, when the grid failure or disturbance causes voltage instability at the grid-connected point of the wind farm, the uninterrupted grid-connected operation of wind turbines is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the grid. The grid side of the doubly-fed wind power converter is directly connected to the grid. When the grid voltage rises suddenly, the power on the grid side cannot be sent out, and the power flows into the converter from the grid side, resulting in a rapid increase in the DC bus voltage, resulting in system failure and shutdown. Serious In some cases, the power device IGBT may be destroyed due to overvoltage.
中国专利申请号为201310102599的专利申请文件中公开了一种双馈型风电机组高电压穿越控制方法及其高电压穿越系统，采用直流母线chopper电路进行动态调节时，变流器通过实时检测直流母线电压，当直流母线电压升高至chopper电路的触发电压时，则开通chopper电路中的开关器件，通过泄荷电阻将转子馈入的能量释放掉，来维持母线电压不超过保护电压。但是，这种控制方法中的控制判据比较固定，在实际判断中，由于电网电压时刻会发生变化，利用该判据进行能量泄放时，可能会有以下两种情况：1、不该泄放的时候误泄放，2、该泄放的时候不泄放。第一种情况是无谓的能量泄放，造成了能量的浪费，第二种情况可能会毁坏变流器中的开关器件。The patent application document with the Chinese patent application number 201310102599 discloses a doubly-fed wind turbine high-voltage ride-through control method and its high-voltage ride-through system. When the DC bus chopper circuit is used for dynamic adjustment, the converter detects the DC bus in real time. Voltage, when the DC bus voltage rises to the trigger voltage of the chopper circuit, the switching device in the chopper circuit is turned on, and the energy fed by the rotor is released through the bleeder resistor to maintain the bus voltage not exceeding the protection voltage. However, the control criterion in this control method is relatively fixed. In the actual judgment, since the grid voltage will change at any time, when using this criterion to discharge energy, there may be the following two situations: 1. It should not be discharged 2. Do not release when it is time to release. The first case is unnecessary energy discharge, which causes energy waste, and the second case may destroy the switching devices in the converter.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种双馈型风电机组高电压穿越方法，用以解决现有的穿越方法中的采用直流母线chopper电路进行能量泄放可能造成无谓的能量泄放或者毁坏开关器件的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a doubly-fed wind turbine high-voltage ride-through method to solve the problem in the existing ride-through method that using a DC bus chopper circuit for energy discharge may cause unnecessary energy discharge or destroy switching devices. .
为实现上述目的，本发明的方案包括一种双馈型风电机组高电压穿越方法,直流母线上连接有直流chopper电路，实时检测直流母线电压，当直流母线电压大于或者等于chopper电路的触发电压Uchopper时，则控制chopper电路中的开关器件导通，通过泄荷电阻进行能量释放；In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention includes a high-voltage ride-through method for double-fed wind turbines. A DC chopper circuit is connected to the DC bus to detect the DC bus voltage in real time. When the DC bus voltage is greater than or equal to the trigger voltage U of the chopper circuit When thechopper is used, the switching device in the chopper circuit is controlled to be turned on, and the energy is released through the discharge resistor;
其中，UGp_d为电网电压正序d轴分量，UN为额定电网电压，X为一设定的电压阈值，A和B是设定的大于1的比例系数。in, UGp_d is the positive sequence d-axis component of the grid voltage, UN is the rated grid voltage, X is a set voltage threshold, and A and B are set proportional coefficients greater than 1.
变流器机侧转子的输出线路上连接有交流crowbar电路，当变流器机侧转子电流大于或者等于一过流阈值时，投入交流crowbar电路，进行能量泄放。An AC crowbar circuit is connected to the output line of the rotor on the machine side of the converter, and when the rotor current on the machine side of the converter is greater than or equal to an overcurrent threshold, the AC crowbar circuit is switched on for energy discharge.
所述投入交流crowbar电路后，当所述变流器机侧转子电流减小到一可控电流阈值或者所述crowbar电路投入的时间超过一设定时间阈值，且直流母线电压在额定值以下时，切除所述crowbar电路。After the AC crowbar circuit is switched on, when the rotor current on the machine side of the converter decreases to a controllable current threshold or the crowbar circuit is switched on for more than a set time threshold, and the DC bus voltage is below the rated value , cut off the crowbar circuit.
当电网电压大于或者等于其额定电压的设定倍数时，机侧变流器和网侧变流器闭锁其控制脉冲；当电网电压小于所述其额定电压的设定倍数、且直流母线电压小于所述Uchopper时，解锁所述机侧变流器和网侧变流器的控制脉冲。When the grid voltage is greater than or equal to the set multiple of its rated voltage, the generator-side converter and grid-side converter block their control pulses; when the grid voltage is less than the set multiple of its rated voltage and the DC bus voltage is less than When the Uchopper is used, the control pulses of the generator-side converter and the grid-side converter are unlocked.
所述X为1180V，所述A为B为1.21，UN为690V。The X is 1180V, and the A is B is 1.21, UN is 690V.
所述变流器机侧转子的输出线路上还连接有滤波器，所述交流crowbar电路的交流端连接在滤波器和机侧变流器之间。A filter is also connected to the output line of the machine-side rotor of the converter, and the AC end of the AC crowbar circuit is connected between the filter and the machine-side converter.
所述交流crowbar电路包括整流电路、滤波电容和泄放支路，所述整流电路的交流端连接在所述滤波器和机侧变流器的交流端的连接线路上，所述滤波电容和所述泄放支路连接在整流电路的直流端；所述泄放支路上串接有泄放电阻和开关元件，所述泄放电阻与一个续流二极管并联，所述开关元件与一个缓冲电路并联，所述缓冲电路为RCD缓冲电路。The AC crowbar circuit includes a rectifier circuit, a filter capacitor and a discharge branch, the AC end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the connection line between the filter and the AC end of the machine-side converter, the filter capacitor and the The discharge branch is connected to the DC end of the rectifier circuit; a discharge resistor and a switch element are connected in series on the discharge branch, the discharge resistor is connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode, and the switch element is connected in parallel with a snubber circuit, The buffer circuit is an RCD buffer circuit.
所述开关元件为IGBT。The switching element is an IGBT.
本发明提供的高电压穿越方法中，直流chopper电路的触发电压不是一个固定值，根据电网电压的正序分量和额定的电网电压之间的关系的变化将触发电压分为两部分，一部分为一个定值，另一部分与额定电网电压成正比关系，那么，在额定电网电压变大时，其对应的直流chopper电路的触发电压也相应地增大，也就是增高了该chopper电路的触发门坎，在一定程度上防止了是无谓的能量泄放，节约了电能，而且同时也能够保证chopper电路的有效触发，避免了毁坏变流器中的开关器件。In the high voltage ride-through method provided by the present invention, the trigger voltage of the DC chopper circuit is not a fixed value, and the trigger voltage is divided into two parts according to the change of the relationship between the positive sequence component of the grid voltage and the rated grid voltage, and one part is a fixed value, and the other part is proportional to the rated grid voltage. Then, when the rated grid voltage increases, the trigger voltage of the corresponding DC chopper circuit also increases correspondingly, that is, the trigger threshold of the chopper circuit is increased. To a certain extent, unnecessary energy discharge is prevented, electric energy is saved, and at the same time, effective triggering of the chopper circuit can be ensured, and switching devices in the converter are avoided from being damaged.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是双馈型风电机组高电压穿越系统结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the high-voltage ride-through system of a doubly-fed wind turbine;
图2是交流crowbar的电路图；Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of an AC crowbar;
图3是直流chopper电路的泄放逻辑图；Fig. 3 is a discharge logic diagram of a DC chopper circuit;
图4是交流crowbar电路的泄放逻辑图。Fig. 4 is a discharge logic diagram of the AC crowbar circuit.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示为一种双馈型风电机组高电压穿越系统结构示图，该系统设有转子侧和直流侧的双重能耗电路，直流侧能耗电路为直流母线chopper电路，并接在直流母线上，该电路由一个(或者多个)泄放电阻以及一个(或者多个)开关器件组成，开关器件反向并联一个二极管器件，本实施例中的泄放电阻、开关器件及二极管器件均为一个，开关器件采用IGBT。转子侧能耗电路为交流crowbar电路，该crowbar电路的接线位置在机侧变流器与du/dt滤波器之间，这样设置能够有效降低crowbar电路中的IGBT两端承受的电压，即电压Vce，确保故障期间crowbar电路中的相关组成器件的安全，尤其是能够有效防止IGBT毁坏。在稳态运行期间，交流crowbar电路中的IGBT两端承受的电压Vce为1130V；在电网故障期间，Vce电压的最大值为1350V。Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a doubly-fed wind turbine high-voltage ride-through system. The system is equipped with dual energy consumption circuits on the rotor side and the DC side. The DC side energy consumption circuit is a DC bus chopper circuit, and Connected to the DC bus, the circuit consists of one (or more) bleeder resistors and one (or more) switch devices, the switch devices are connected in reverse parallel with a diode device, the bleeder resistors, switch devices and The diode device is all one, and the switching device adopts IGBT. The energy consumption circuit on the rotor side is an AC crowbar circuit. The wiring position of the crowbar circuit is between the machine-side converter and the du/dt filter. This setting can effectively reduce the voltage at both ends of the IGBT in the crowbar circuit, that is, the voltage Vce, to ensure the safety of related components in the crowbar circuit during a fault, especially to effectively prevent IGBT from being destroyed. During the steady-state operation, the voltage Vce on both ends of the IGBT in the AC crowbar circuit is 1130V; during the grid fault period, the maximum value of the Vce voltage is 1350V.
如图2所示，该crowbar电路包括整流电路，整流电路的交流端连接到机侧变流器与du/dt滤波器之间的三相交流线路上，crowbar电路的两个直流母线之间连接有电阻R1、电容C1和一条泄放支路。该泄放支路上串接有泄放电阻R3和IGBT，泄放电阻R3与续流二极管D3并联，IGBT的两端并联有一个缓冲电路，该缓冲电路为RCD缓冲电路。As shown in Figure 2, the crowbar circuit includes a rectifier circuit, the AC end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the three-phase AC line between the machine-side converter and the du/dt filter, and the two DC buses of the crowbar circuit are connected to There are resistor R1, capacitor C1 and a discharge branch. A discharge resistor R3 and the IGBT are connected in series on the discharge branch, the discharge resistor R3 is connected in parallel with the freewheeling diode D3, and a buffer circuit is connected in parallel at both ends of the IGBT, and the buffer circuit is an RCD buffer circuit.
本发明提供的高电压穿越方法中，直流chopper电路中的触发判断依据Uchopper中，增加了对电网电压正序分量的判断，具体为：In the high voltage ride-through method provided by the present invention, the trigger judgment basis Uchopper in the DC chopper circuit adds the judgment of the positive sequence component of the grid voltage, specifically:
其中，UGp_d为电网电压正序d轴分量，UN为额定电网电压(690V)。Uchopper根据UGp_d满足的条件来确定。Among them, UGp_d is the positive sequence d-axis component of the grid voltage, and UN is the rated grid voltage (690V). Uchopper is determined according to the conditions satisfied by UGp_d .
在进行高电压穿越时，实时检测直流母线电压，当直流母线电压大于或者等于chopper电路的触发电压Uchopper时，则控制chopper电路中的IGBT导通，电流从泄荷电阻中流过，通过泄荷电阻进行能量释放，投入chopper电路的流程如图3所示。During high-voltage ride-through, the DC bus voltage is detected in real time. When the DC bus voltage is greater than or equal to the trigger voltage Uchopper of the chopper circuit, the IGBT in the chopper circuit is controlled to be turned on, and the current flows through the discharge resistor through the discharge The process of releasing energy from the resistor and putting it into the chopper circuit is shown in Figure 3.
当电网电压异常情况下，变流器机侧转子(变流器机侧转子即是发电机的转子)电流增大到大于或者等于机侧过流阈值时或者直流母线电压过高时，投入交流crowbar电路，进行能量泄放；在投入该crowbar电路进行能量泄放后，转子电流逐渐减小，当变流器机侧转子电流减小到可控电流阈值(一般取0.8倍的额定电流)以下或者该crowbar电路投入的时间超过一个设定的限定时间，且直流母线电压在额定值以下时，切除该crowbar电路，投入和切除crowbar电路的流程如图4所示。When the grid voltage is abnormal, the current of the rotor on the machine side of the converter (the rotor on the machine side of the converter is the rotor of the generator) increases to greater than or equal to the overcurrent threshold of the machine side or when the DC bus voltage is too high, the AC The crowbar circuit performs energy discharge; after the crowbar circuit is used for energy discharge, the rotor current gradually decreases, when the rotor current on the machine side of the converter decreases below the controllable current threshold (generally 0.8 times the rated current) Or when the crowbar circuit is turned on for more than a set limit time and the DC bus voltage is below the rated value, the crowbar circuit is cut off, and the flow of turning on and off the crowbar circuit is shown in FIG. 4 .
当电网电压超过其变流器的可控范围时，如深度不平衡跌落或者电网电压大于或者等于额定电压的1.2倍时，机侧变流器和网侧变流器控制脉冲采用闭锁方式，实现故障穿越；当电网电压回复正常，即小于额定电压的1.2倍、且直流母线电压下降到Uchopper以下时，解锁机侧变流器和网侧变流器的控制脉冲。闭锁机侧变流器和网侧变流器的控制脉冲可以在电网不对称深度跌落(不平衡度大于0.4)、1.2倍以上的额定电压等恶劣情况下实现不脱网运行。When the grid voltage exceeds the controllable range of its converter, such as a deep unbalanced drop or the grid voltage is greater than or equal to 1.2 times the rated voltage, the control pulse of the machine-side converter and the grid-side converter adopts a blocking method to realize Fault ride through; when the grid voltage returns to normal, that is, less than 1.2 times the rated voltage, and the DC bus voltage drops below Uchopper , the control pulses of the machine-side converter and grid-side converter are unlocked. Blocking the control pulses of the machine-side converter and the grid-side converter can realize non-off-grid operation under harsh conditions such as grid asymmetry deep drop (unbalance degree greater than 0.4), 1.2 times the rated voltage or more.
低高压穿越过程中，电流给定以“网侧有功优先，机侧无功优先；网侧支撑为辅，机侧支撑为主”为原则。During the low-voltage ride-through process, the current setting is based on the principle of "priority to active power on the grid side, priority to reactive power on the machine side; auxiliary support on the grid side, and main support on the machine side".
网侧变流器优先输出有功功率，以确保直流母线电压稳定，根据当前有功电流值及额定电流值，计算无功电流支撑值，其公式为：The grid-side converter gives priority to output active power to ensure the stability of the DC bus voltage. According to the current active current value and rated current value, the reactive current support value is calculated. The formula is:
其中IG_q为无功电流给定计算，IG_N为网侧额定电流，IG_d为网侧有功电流给定值，也就是电压外环输出值。Among them, IG_q is the given calculation of reactive current, IG_N is the rated current of the grid side, and IG_d is the given value of the active current of the grid side, that is, the output value of the voltage outer loop.
机侧变流器根据相关要求，计算机侧励磁轴无功电流指令，并根据当前无功功率及额定电流，对转矩电流给定进行限幅。According to the relevant requirements, the machine-side converter commands the reactive current of the excitation shaft on the computer side, and limits the given torque current according to the current reactive power and rated current.
机侧变流器无功电流给定计算公式如下：The formula for calculating the given reactive current of the machine-side converter is as follows:
其中IT为按照标准《GBT_19963-2011风电场接入电力系统技术规定》需要补偿的无功电流值，UT为电网跌落到的正序D轴分量，IN为机组额定电流，IM_q为机侧无功电流给定值，LS为发电机定子电感值，LM为发电机励磁电感值，Nrs为发电机转定子匝比。Among them, IT is the reactive current value that needs to be compensated according to the standard "GBT_19963-2011 Wind Farm Access Power System Technical Regulations", UT is the positive sequence D-axis component that the grid drops to, IN is the rated current of the unit, and IM_q is The given value of reactive current on the machine side, LS is the inductance value of the generator stator, LM is the excitation inductance value of the generator, Nrs is the turn ratio of the generator to the stator.
机侧变流器转矩电流给定计算公式为：The formula for calculating the torque current setting of the machine-side converter is:
其中IM_d为机侧转矩电流给定计算，IM_N为机侧额定电流。 Among them, IM_d is the given calculation of torque current on the machine side, and IM_N is the rated current on the machine side.
因暂无高压穿越无功支撑要求，暂按上式进行高压穿越下无功支撑电流计算。Since there is no reactive power support requirement for high voltage ride through, temporarily calculate the reactive power support current under high voltage ride through according to the above formula.
上述实施例中提供了一种交流crowbar电路的具体结构，当然，本发明中的高电压穿越系统中并不局限于上述实施例中给出的交流crowbar电路的具体结构，它还可以使用其他结构的crowbar电路，比如说，背景技术中给出的专利文献中公开的crowbar电路的结构。The above embodiment provides a specific structure of an AC crowbar circuit. Of course, the high voltage ride-through system in the present invention is not limited to the specific structure of the AC crowbar circuit given in the above embodiment, and it can also use other structures The crowbar circuit, for example, the structure of the crowbar circuit disclosed in the patent document given in the background art.
上述实施例中，开关元件为IGBT，作为其他的实施例，开关元件还可以是其他类型的全控型器件。In the above embodiments, the switching element is an IGBT, and as other embodiments, the switching element may also be other types of fully-controlled devices.
上述实施例中，中的系数分别为：X为1180V，A为B为1.21，UN为690V，当然，各个系数并不局限于本实施例的限定，其具体取值根据具体情况设定，其中A和B要满足大于1。In the above embodiment, The coefficients in are: X is 1180V, A is B is 1.21, and UN is 690V. Of course,each coefficient is not limited to the limitation of this embodiment, and its specific value is set according to the specific situation, wherein A and B must be greater than 1.
以上给出了具体的实施方式，但本发明不局限于所描述的实施方式。本发明的基本思路在于上述基本方案，对本领域普通技术人员而言，根据本发明的教导，设计出各种变形的模型、公式、参数并不需要花费创造性劳动。在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下对实施方式进行的变化、修改、替换和变型仍落入本发明的保护范围内。Specific embodiments have been given above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. The basic idea of the present invention lies in the above-mentioned basic scheme. For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the teaching of the present invention, it does not need to spend creative labor to design various deformation models, formulas, and parameters. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the implementations without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201510409037.4ACN105048497B (en) | 2015-07-13 | 2015-07-13 | Doubly-fed wind turbine generator low-voltage ride through method |
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| CN201510409037.4ACN105048497B (en) | 2015-07-13 | 2015-07-13 | Doubly-fed wind turbine generator low-voltage ride through method |
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| CN201510409037.4AActiveCN105048497B (en) | 2015-07-13 | 2015-07-13 | Doubly-fed wind turbine generator low-voltage ride through method |
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