技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种健身装置，尤其是涉及一种室内自行车骑行健身装置。The invention relates to a fitness device, in particular to an indoor cycling fitness device.
背景技术Background technique
室内骑行是一种非常常见的健身方式。但由于场地和器材的限制，锻炼者需要前往健身房或购买昂贵的室内健身自行车来完成锻炼。且骑行时的数据也不能被及时反馈，使锻炼效果大打折扣。Indoor cycling is a very common form of fitness. However, due to the limitations of venues and equipment, exercisers need to go to the gym or buy expensive indoor exercise bikes to complete the exercise. Moreover, the data during riding cannot be fed back in time, which greatly reduces the exercise effect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种室内自行车骑行健身装置，通过对传统自行车骑行台进行改装，并在自行车上添加传感器，能够使锻炼者非常方便地在室内进行骑行健身；且骑行数据实时反馈，骑行阻力可连续、自动调节，极大地提高了锻炼效果。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an indoor bicycle riding fitness device in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art. By refitting the traditional bicycle riding platform and adding sensors to the bicycle, the exerciser can easily Cycling fitness is carried out indoors; and the cycling data is fed back in real time, and the cycling resistance can be continuously and automatically adjusted, which greatly improves the exercise effect.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种室内自行车骑行健身装置，其特征在于，包括：An indoor bicycle riding fitness device is characterized in that it comprises:
骑行姿态监控模块，用于监控用户骑行时双手的位置、坐姿及站姿；The riding posture monitoring module is used to monitor the position of the user's hands, sitting posture and standing posture when riding;
踏频采集模块，安装在自行车的踏板上并与测量踏频信息；The cadence acquisition module is installed on the pedal of the bicycle and measures the cadence information;
转速功率测量及阻力调节模块，用于测量自行车转速和输出功率信息，并调节阻力；Speed power measurement and resistance adjustment module, used to measure bicycle speed and output power information, and adjust resistance;
用户界面，将采集的姿态、转速、踏频、功率、阻尼数据进行实时显示。The user interface displays the collected attitude, speed, cadence, power, and damping data in real time.
所述的骑行姿态监控模块包括：Described riding posture monitoring module comprises:
握把位置检测单元，通过粘贴在车把不同位置的电极采集人体触摸信号，对信号进行数字分析处理即可检测用户骑行过程中的握把位置；The grip position detection unit collects human body touch signals through electrodes pasted on different positions of the handlebar, and digitally analyzes and processes the signals to detect the grip position of the user during riding;
坐姿检测单元，通过红外发射和接收对管实现，将红外对管平行放置于坐垫中间，当用户采取坐姿骑行时，红外发射管发出的红外线信号被反射回来，接收管收到信号后导通；当用户采取站姿骑行时，红外信号不能反射回接收管，接收管处于截止状态。The sitting posture detection unit is realized by infrared emitting and receiving tubes, and the infrared tube is placed in the middle of the seat cushion in parallel. When the user rides in a sitting position, the infrared signal sent by the infrared emitting tube is reflected back, and the receiving tube is turned on after receiving the signal. ; When the user rides in a standing posture, the infrared signal cannot be reflected back to the receiving tube, and the receiving tube is in a cut-off state.
所述的踏频采集模块具体过程：在自行车曲柄上添加一块磁铁，在车身上放置霍尔元件，每次磁铁经过，霍尔元件都产生一次电信号脉冲，通过测量脉冲频率即得到用户的踏频。The specific process of the cadence acquisition module: add a magnet to the bicycle crank, place a Hall element on the bicycle body, each time the magnet passes by, the Hall element will generate an electrical signal pulse, and the user's cadence can be obtained by measuring the pulse frequency. frequency.
所述的转速功率测量及阻力调节模块包括转速测量单元、功率测量单元和阻尼控制单元。The rotational speed power measurement and resistance adjustment module includes a rotational speed measurement unit, a power measurement unit and a damping control unit.
所述的转速测量单元通过直接测量发电机输出电压，识别出电压波动的频率，通过换算即可得到电机的实际转速。The rotational speed measuring unit recognizes the frequency of the voltage fluctuation by directly measuring the output voltage of the generator, and the actual rotational speed of the motor can be obtained through conversion.
所述的功率测量单元通过测量发电机的输出电压和输出电流即可得到发电机的输出电功率。The power measuring unit can obtain the output electric power of the generator by measuring the output voltage and the output current of the generator.
所述的阻尼控制单元对电流进行跟踪控制以实现对空气阻力的模拟。The damping control unit tracks and controls the current to realize the simulation of air resistance.
通过电流闭环和数字PID控制实现电流跟踪，即实现对阻力的控制。Current tracking is realized through current closed-loop and digital PID control, that is, the control of resistance is realized.
所述的用户界面为手机，其他模块通过蓝牙与手机进行数据传输，把姿态、速度、踏频、功率、阻尼数据实时显示在手机上；用户通过手机对阻尼进行调节，以增大或减小运动量。The user interface is a mobile phone, and other modules transmit data with the mobile phone through Bluetooth, and display the posture, speed, cadence, power, and damping data on the mobile phone in real time; the user adjusts the damping through the mobile phone to increase or decrease The amount of exercise.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、装置占地面积小、便于拆装；1. The device occupies a small area and is easy to disassemble;
2、用户可选用自己习惯的自行车；2. Users can choose the bicycle they are used to;
3、传感器根据用户个人需要选择性加装；3. The sensor can be selectively installed according to the individual needs of the user;
4、健身数据及时反馈，训练效果好。4. The fitness data is fed back in time, and the training effect is good.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明发电机和惯性飞轮安装后的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram after generator of the present invention and inertial flywheel are installed;
图2为本发明坐姿检测的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of sitting posture detection in the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例Example
1、电机与机械结构1. Motor and mechanical structure
发电机作为机械能到电能的转化装置，容量、转速、转矩都需要与自行车的输出范围相匹配，同时也需要机械结构的配合。由于正常人骑行过程中极限输出功率不到300W，大多数情况下维持在100W～200W之间，同时考虑到需要方便控制电机转矩，因此选择容量为300W的直流主轴电机作为发电机，电机参数如表1所示：As a conversion device from mechanical energy to electrical energy, the generator needs to match the output range of the bicycle in terms of capacity, speed, and torque, and also requires the cooperation of the mechanical structure. Since the limit output power of a normal person is less than 300W during riding, it is maintained between 100W and 200W in most cases. At the same time, considering the need to control the motor torque conveniently, a DC spindle motor with a capacity of 300W is selected as the generator. The parameters are shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
系统的机械结构部分主要由自行车、骑行台和一些辅助支撑结构组成。其中自行车部分对系统性能并无过大影响，用户可以将自己的自行车安装到系统中使用。骑行台部分由市场上比较常见的磁阻式骑行训练台改装而成，原骑行台主要结构有钢架、飞轮、电磁阻尼几部分，由于系统中使用电机提供阻尼，因此我们将电磁阻尼部分拆除，通过同步皮带轮将电机与惯性飞轮连接，通过控制电机实现对骑行阻力的控制，如图1所示。The mechanical structure part of the system is mainly composed of bicycles, riding platforms and some auxiliary support structures. Among them, the bicycle part does not have a great impact on the system performance, and users can install their own bicycles into the system for use. The riding platform part is refitted from the more common magnetic resistance riding training platform in the market. The main structure of the original riding platform includes steel frame, flywheel and electromagnetic damping. Since the motor is used in the system to provide damping, we will The damping part is removed, the motor is connected to the inertia flywheel through the synchronous pulley, and the control of the riding resistance is realized by controlling the motor, as shown in Figure 1.
2、阻尼控制2. Damping control
在真实的骑行运动中，骑行阻力主要源自四个方面：自行车机械结构摩擦、车轮与地面之间滚动摩擦、上、下坡时重力分量以及空气阻力。在我们的系统中，由于使用了真实自行车，而且车轮与飞轮滚筒之间的传动可以模拟与路面之间的滚动摩擦，因此只需要通过电机产生空气阻力和重力分量带来的阻力即可让用户有真实的骑行体验。In real cycling, riding resistance mainly comes from four aspects: bicycle mechanical structure friction, rolling friction between the wheel and the ground, gravity component when going up and downhill, and air resistance. In our system, since a real bicycle is used, and the transmission between the wheel and the flywheel can simulate the rolling friction with the road surface, it is only necessary to generate air resistance and the resistance brought by the gravity component through the motor to allow the user to Have a real riding experience.
根据直流电机特性方程：According to the DC motor characteristic equation:
式中，CT、Ce为常值。In the formula, CT and Ce are constant values.
我们可以近似认为发电机的转矩与电流成正比，输出电压与转速成正比，因此需要对电流进行跟踪控制以实现对空气阻力的模拟，系统通过电流闭环和数字PID控制实现电流跟踪，即实现对阻力的控制。We can approximately think that the torque of the generator is proportional to the current, and the output voltage is proportional to the speed. Therefore, it is necessary to track the current to realize the simulation of air resistance. The system realizes current tracking through current closed-loop and digital PID control, that is, to realize Control over resistance.
对于电气系统，功率平衡至关重要。在用户骑行速度和负载阻力一定的条件下，人体的输出功率为一确定值，以正常人骑行运动为例，平均功率约为150W，而装置自身用电量非常少，因此大部分能量通过电阻转化为热能耗散，同时系统也提供了220交流输出接口，允许用户接入小功率的用电负荷。For electrical systems, power balance is critical. Under the conditions of the user's riding speed and load resistance, the output power of the human body is a certain value. Taking normal people's cycling as an example, the average power is about 150W, and the power consumption of the device itself is very small, so most of the energy The resistance is converted into heat energy for dissipation, and the system also provides a 220 AC output interface, allowing users to connect to low-power electrical loads.
3、功率测量3. Power measurement
通过测量发电机的输出电压和输出电流即可得到发电机的输出电功率，在通过软件，利用实验数据归算出人体的输出功率即可实现对人体输出功率的检测。The output power of the generator can be obtained by measuring the output voltage and output current of the generator, and the detection of the output power of the human body can be realized by using the software to calculate the output power of the human body by using the experimental data.
4、人体姿态检测4. Human posture detection
通过传感器，系统可以监控用户骑行时双手的位置以及坐姿和站姿。Through sensors, the system can monitor the position of the user's hands while riding, as well as the sitting and standing posture.
(1)握把位置检测(1) Grip position detection
对于用户握把位置的测量，我们采取测量人体电容的方法进行测量。通过粘贴在车把不同位置的电极采集人体触摸信号，对信号进行数字分析处理即可检测用户骑行过程中的握把位置For the measurement of the user's grip position, we take the method of measuring the capacitance of the human body. The human body touch signal is collected through the electrodes pasted on different positions of the handlebar, and the signal is digitally analyzed and processed to detect the position of the user's grip during riding
(2)坐姿检测(2) Sitting posture detection
坐姿传感器采用红外发射/接收对管实现。将红外对管平行放置于坐垫中间，当用户采取坐姿骑行时，红外发射管发出的红外线信号被反射回来，接收管收到信号后导通；当用户采取站姿骑行时，红外信号不能反射回接收管，接收管处于截止状态。只需要简单的比较电路即可得到所需的数字信号，如图2所示。The sitting posture sensor is realized by infrared transmitting/receiving pair tube. Place the infrared tube in the middle of the seat cushion in parallel. When the user rides in a sitting position, the infrared signal sent by the infrared emitting tube is reflected back, and the receiving tube conducts after receiving the signal; when the user rides in a standing position, the infrared signal cannot Reflected back to the receiving tube, the receiving tube is in a cut-off state. Only a simple comparison circuit is needed to obtain the required digital signal, as shown in Figure 2.
5、速度测量5. Speed measurement
对于车速的测量采用了直接测量发电机输出电压的方法。由于装置采用了直流电机，而直流电机的换向器在切换的过程中会产生电压和电流的波动。系统通过对电机输出电压的检测，识别出电压波动的频率，通过换算即可得到电机的实际转速。由于机械传动装置的传动比固定，因此可间接得出车速。For the measurement of the vehicle speed, the method of directly measuring the output voltage of the generator is adopted. Since the device uses a DC motor, the commutator of the DC motor will generate voltage and current fluctuations during switching. The system identifies the frequency of voltage fluctuations by detecting the output voltage of the motor, and the actual speed of the motor can be obtained through conversion. Since the transmission ratio of the mechanical transmission is fixed, the speed of the vehicle can be derived indirectly.
6、踏频检测6. Cadence detection
对于踏频的检测，动态性能不做过多要求，只考虑稳态情况即可，因此这里选用霍尔元件测量，简单易行。在自行车曲柄上添加一块磁铁，在车身上放置霍尔元件，每次磁铁经过，霍尔元件都会产生一次电信号脉冲，通过测量脉冲频率即可得到用户的踏频。For the detection of cadence, there are not too many requirements on the dynamic performance, and only the steady-state situation is considered. Therefore, the Hall element is used for measurement here, which is simple and easy. Add a magnet to the bicycle crank, place a Hall element on the body, each time the magnet passes by, the Hall element will generate an electrical signal pulse, and the user's cadence can be obtained by measuring the pulse frequency.
7、用户界面7. User interface
硬件系统通过蓝牙与手机进行数据传输，把姿态、速度、踏频、功率、阻尼等数据实时显示在手机上。用户也可以通过手机对阻尼进行调节，以增大或减小运动量。The hardware system transmits data with the mobile phone through Bluetooth, and displays the data such as posture, speed, cadence, power, damping, etc. on the mobile phone in real time. Users can also adjust the damping through their mobile phones to increase or decrease the amount of exercise.
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