技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种移动卫星通信技术，尤其涉及的是一种片式Ka频段宽角扫描卫星通信天线。The invention relates to a mobile satellite communication technology, in particular to a chip type Ka frequency band wide-angle scanning satellite communication antenna.
背景技术Background technique
移动业务卫星通信是指舰船、飞机、导弹、车辆等利用卫星进行通信的业务，包括舰船之间、飞机之间、或它们与固定站之间的通信。伴随卫星技术和微波技术的发展，卫星移动通信系统终端小型化、轻型化已成为可能，其中终端应用主要涉及天线和射频模块小型化技术以及天线和射频电路一体化技术。Mobile service satellite communication refers to the business of ships, aircraft, missiles, vehicles, etc. using satellites for communication, including communication between ships, aircraft, or between them and fixed stations. With the development of satellite technology and microwave technology, the miniaturization and light weight of satellite mobile communication system terminals have become possible, and the terminal applications mainly involve antenna and radio frequency module miniaturization technology and antenna and radio frequency circuit integration technology.
天线是任何无线电系统都必不可少的组件，承担电磁波的发射与接收功能，没有它无法实现任何无线通信功能，同时考虑到效率等问题，天线最好外置于载体表面或通过透波窗与外界相通。而对于一些小型或机动灵活的载体，如战斗机、导弹、无人机、小型航空器等，这些载体需要天线尺寸小、重量轻、最好能与载体共形已满足其自身的特殊性。目前市场上主流的移动业务卫星通信应用的天线以反射面为主，此类天线电性能优异、成本低而广泛应用于舰载、车载、地面站等地方，而其最大的缺点就是剖面高，使得无法适应小型机动灵活的载体。Antenna is an essential component of any radio system. It undertakes the functions of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. Without it, any wireless communication function cannot be realized. At the same time, considering issues such as efficiency, the antenna is best placed on the surface of the carrier or communicated with it through a wave-transmitting window. Communicate with the outside world. For some small or flexible carriers, such as fighter jets, missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, small aircraft, etc., these carriers require antennas with small size and light weight, and it is best to conform to the carrier to meet their own particularity. At present, the mainstream mobile service satellite communication antennas in the market are mainly reflective surfaces. This type of antenna has excellent electrical performance and low cost and is widely used in shipboard, vehicle, and ground stations. The biggest disadvantage is the high profile. Makes it impossible to adapt to small and flexible carriers.
从平台适应性方面考虑，目前在小型机动灵活载体上应用的天线趋向于向具有低剖面或无剖面的有源相控阵方向发展，此类天线不仅可以与平台一体化设计，并且还具有波束捷变、重量轻、体积小等优点，并且随着微波集成电路技术的发展以及多层基板布线技术的发展，将天线辐射单元与馈电网络以及后端射频电路进行层叠设计，形成片式结构的高密度集成有源天线系统成为可能。随着低频段通信系统频率资源日益紧张，以及多媒体以及宽带业务的需求越来越强烈，各国卫星通信业务已经向K以及EHF频段发展。From the perspective of platform adaptability, the antennas currently used on small mobile and flexible carriers tend to develop in the direction of active phased arrays with low profile or no profile. Such antennas can not only be integrated with the platform, but also have beam Agility, light weight, small size, etc., and with the development of microwave integrated circuit technology and the development of multi-layer substrate wiring technology, the antenna radiation unit, the feed network and the back-end RF circuit are stacked to form a chip structure. High-density integrated active antenna system becomes possible. With the increasingly tight frequency resources of low-frequency communication systems and the growing demand for multimedia and broadband services, satellite communication services in various countries have developed to the K and EHF frequency bands.
由于战斗机、导弹等平台特征，要求加载的卫星通信天线系统重量、体积、功耗、高度越低越好，并且此类平台可加装卫星通信系统的位置有限。研究适合于战斗机、导弹等平台、并且满足足可靠宽角扫描覆盖、高增益等要求的片式天线系统，如何实现宽带、高效微带迭层天线结构，以及在有限的空间内实现高密度微波单芯片集成，天线系统的电磁兼容问题，是该片式Ka频段宽角扫描卫星通信天线系统实现的关键问题，也是实际工程实现的瓶颈。Due to the characteristics of platforms such as fighter jets and missiles, the weight, volume, power consumption, and height of the satellite communication antenna system required to be loaded should be as low as possible, and the places where satellite communication systems can be installed on such platforms are limited. Research on chip antenna systems that are suitable for fighter jets, missiles and other platforms, and meet the requirements of reliable wide-angle scanning coverage and high gain, how to realize broadband, high-efficiency microstrip stacked antenna structure, and realize high-density microwave in a limited space Single-chip integration and electromagnetic compatibility of the antenna system are the key issues in the realization of the chip Ka-band wide-angle scanning satellite communication antenna system, and also the bottleneck of the actual engineering realization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种片式Ka频段宽角扫描卫星通信天线，通过天线的片式结构实现天线的高度集成。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a chip Ka-band wide-angle scanning satellite communication antenna, which realizes high integration of the antenna through the chip structure of the antenna.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的，本发明包括由上至下依次设置的辐射层、校正网络层、射频电路层、环控层、电源分布层、射频信号功分层和波控网络层；The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions. The present invention includes a radiation layer, a correction network layer, a radio frequency circuit layer, an environment control layer, a power distribution layer, a radio frequency signal power layer and a wave control network layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom;
所述辐射层分别连接校正网络层和射频电路层，用于将射频电路层的射频信号向空间辐射；The radiation layer is respectively connected to the correction network layer and the radio frequency circuit layer, and is used to radiate the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency circuit layer to space;
所述校正网络层分别连接辐射层和波控网络层，用于将辐射层的辐射信号，通过网络合成后传递给波控网络层进行相控阵校正；The correction network layer is respectively connected to the radiation layer and the wave control network layer, and is used to synthesize the radiation signal of the radiation layer through the network and pass it to the wave control network layer for phased array correction;
所述射频电路层和辐射层相连，用于将射频信号功分层的射频信号进行移相、衰减、放大后传递给辐射层向空间辐射合成波束；The radio frequency circuit layer is connected to the radiation layer, and is used for phase-shifting, attenuating, and amplifying the radio frequency signal layered by the radio frequency signal, and then passing it to the radiation layer to radiate a synthetic beam into space;
所述环控层设置于射频电路层和电源分布层之间；The environmental control layer is arranged between the radio frequency circuit layer and the power distribution layer;
所述电源分布层和射频电路层相连，用于将外来电源分布到射频电路层的各个射频通道；The power distribution layer is connected to the radio frequency circuit layer, and is used to distribute external power to each radio frequency channel of the radio frequency circuit layer;
所述射频信号功分层和射频电路层相连，用于将发射的信号进行功率分配给射频电路层的各个射频通道；The radio frequency signal power layer is connected to the radio frequency circuit layer, and is used to distribute the power of the transmitted signal to each radio frequency channel of the radio frequency circuit layer;
所述波控网络层分别连接射频电路层和校正网络层，用于对射频电路层的各个射频通道的信号控制、信号幅度相位的改变以及对校正信号处理。The wave control network layer is respectively connected to the radio frequency circuit layer and the correction network layer, and is used for signal control of each radio frequency channel of the radio frequency circuit layer, change of signal amplitude and phase, and processing of correction signals.
所述辐射层包括8×8布阵的64个阵列单元，每个阵列单元为单点馈电的单层缺口微带贴片蚀刻而成，每个阵列单元上设置两个用于接收校正信号的探针。The radiation layer includes 64 array units in an 8×8 array, and each array unit is etched by a single-layer notched microstrip patch fed by a single point, and each array unit is provided with two for receiving correction signals the probe.
所述辐射层的64个阵列单元中，相邻的4个分为一组，每组的4个阵列单元依次进行90°旋转后排布。Among the 64 array units in the radiation layer, the adjacent 4 are divided into one group, and the 4 array units in each group are rotated by 90° sequentially and then arranged.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述辐射层的外层设置隔离层。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, an isolation layer is provided on the outer layer of the radiation layer.
所述校正网络层包括64个校正阵元，每个校正阵元通过两条微带线连接对应辐射层上阵列单元的探针，每个校正阵元的两条微带线合并成一路，相邻的两路再合并成一路，64个校正阵元依次合并最后形成一路信号输出。The correction network layer includes 64 correction array elements, and each correction array element is connected to the probe of the array unit on the corresponding radiation layer through two microstrip lines, and the two microstrip lines of each correction array element are combined into one circuit, which is relatively The adjacent two channels are combined into one channel, and the 64 correction array elements are combined in turn to form one channel of signal output.
所述射频电路层包括64个相同的阵元射频通道，每个阵元射频通道包括依次连接的衰减移相芯片、功率放大器和隔离器，输入射频信号经过衰减移相后，放大再传输给辐射层。The radio frequency circuit layer includes 64 identical array element radio frequency channels, and each array element radio frequency channel includes an attenuation phase shifting chip, a power amplifier and an isolator connected in sequence. After the input radio frequency signal is attenuated and phase shifted, it is amplified and then transmitted to the radiation layer.
所述环控层包括毛细冷却水道和散热冷板，所述散热冷板上开设多条水平凹槽形成毛细冷却水道，所述多条毛细冷却水道的一端连接在一起形成冷水入口，另一端连接在一起形成热水出口。The environmental control layer includes a capillary cooling channel and a heat dissipation cold plate. A plurality of horizontal grooves are set on the heat dissipation cold plate to form a capillary cooling channel. One end of the plurality of capillary cooling channels is connected together to form a cold water inlet, and the other end is connected to Together form a hot water outlet.
所述电源分布层包括64个电源阵元和4个电源连接器，每个电源连接器连接16个电源阵元，4个电源连接器分别连接外部供电设备。The power distribution layer includes 64 power array elements and 4 power connectors, each power connector is connected to 16 power array elements, and the 4 power connectors are respectively connected to external power supply equipment.
所述射频信号功分层包括64个功分阵元和1个射频连接器，每个功分阵元采用相同线路供电，射频连接器分别连接各个功分阵元。The radio frequency signal power layer includes 64 power sub-array elements and 1 radio frequency connector, each power sub-array element is powered by the same line, and the radio frequency connectors are respectively connected to each power sub-array element.
所述波控网络层包括带有CPU的FPGA芯片、接口电路、校正信号转换电路，所述接口电路分别连接射频电路层、外部低频接口和校正信号转换电路，FPGA芯片连接接口电路，所述校正信号转换电路连接校正网络层；The wave control network layer includes an FPGA chip with a CPU, an interface circuit, and a correction signal conversion circuit, and the interface circuit is respectively connected to a radio frequency circuit layer, an external low-frequency interface and a correction signal conversion circuit, and the FPGA chip is connected to the interface circuit. The signal conversion circuit is connected to the correction network layer;
所述FPGA芯片对射频电路层输出控制信号并完成波束移相码的计算和移相器的校正；The FPGA chip outputs a control signal to the radio frequency circuit layer and completes the calculation of the beam phase shift code and the correction of the phase shifter;
所述校正信号转换电路将校正网络输的校正信号变频到L频段后进行A/D转换并存入FPGA芯片。The correction signal conversion circuit converts the correction signal output by the correction network to the L frequency band, performs A/D conversion and stores it in the FPGA chip.
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：本发明采用片式有源相控阵天线结构、高效的分布式馈电空间能量合成，以及高密度单片微波集成电路技术，并充分利用系统可提供的资源以及规模生产技术，提高系统集成度和利用率，最大限度地减少天线系统的高度和体积，重量并降低制造成本，满足大批量生产和调试的要求，作为卫星应用的通信系统的天线，通过各系统配合可实现战斗机、导弹、无人机等机动性强、气动性要求高的平台的大动态下双向高效宽带通信，实现对上述平台的超视距测控以及通信需求。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention adopts chip active phased array antenna structure, efficient distributed feeding space energy synthesis, and high-density single-chip microwave integrated circuit technology, and makes full use of the system that can provide Resources and mass production technology, improve system integration and utilization, minimize the height and volume of the antenna system, reduce weight and reduce manufacturing costs, meet the requirements of mass production and commissioning, as antennas for satellite applications communication systems, Through the cooperation of various systems, fighter jets, missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and other platforms with strong maneuverability and high aerodynamic requirements can realize two-way high-efficiency broadband communication under large dynamics, and realize the over-the-horizon measurement and control and communication requirements of the above platforms.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的天线系统功能框图；Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of the antenna system of the present invention;
图2是本发明天线层结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the antenna layer structure of the present invention;
图3是辐射层的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the radiation layer;
图4是校正网络层的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the correction network layer;
图5是单个阵元射频通道示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency channel of a single array element;
图6是环控层的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is the structural representation of environmental control layer;
图7是电源分布层的结构示意图；7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power distribution layer;
图8是射频信号功分网络层的结构示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio frequency signal power division network layer;
图9是波控网络层的示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the wave control network layer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
如图1和图2所示，本实施例包括由上至下依次设置的辐射层1、校正网络层2、射频电路层3、环控层4、电源分布层5、射频信号功分层6和波控网络层7；As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this embodiment includes a radiation layer 1, a correction network layer 2, a radio frequency circuit layer 3, an environmental control layer 4, a power distribution layer 5, and a radio frequency signal power layer 6 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. and wave control network layer 7;
所述辐射层1分别连接校正网络层2和射频电路层3，用于将射频电路层3的射频信号向空间辐射；The radiation layer 1 is respectively connected to the correction network layer 2 and the radio frequency circuit layer 3, and is used to radiate the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency circuit layer 3 to space;
所述校正网络层2分别连接辐射层1和波控网络层7，用于将辐射层1的辐射信号，通过网络合成后传递给波控网络层7进行相控阵校正；The correction network layer 2 is respectively connected to the radiation layer 1 and the wave control network layer 7, and is used to synthesize the radiation signal of the radiation layer 1 through the network and transmit it to the wave control network layer 7 for phased array correction;
所述射频电路层3和辐射层1相连，用于将射频信号功分层6的射频信号进行移相、衰减、放大后传递给辐射层1向空间辐射合成波束；The radio frequency circuit layer 3 is connected to the radiation layer 1, and is used for phase-shifting, attenuating, and amplifying the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency signal power layer 6, and then passing it to the radiation layer 1 to radiate a synthetic beam into space;
所述环控层4设置于射频电路层3和电源分布层5之间；The environmental control layer 4 is arranged between the radio frequency circuit layer 3 and the power distribution layer 5;
所述电源分布层5和射频电路层3相连，用于将外来电源分布到射频电路层3的各个射频通道；The power distribution layer 5 is connected to the radio frequency circuit layer 3 for distributing external power to each radio frequency channel of the radio frequency circuit layer 3;
所述射频信号功分层6和射频电路层3相连，用于将发射的信号进行功率分配给射频电路层3的各个射频通道；The radio frequency signal power layer 6 is connected to the radio frequency circuit layer 3, and is used to distribute the power of the transmitted signal to each radio frequency channel of the radio frequency circuit layer 3;
所述波控网络层7分别连接射频电路层3和校正网络层2，用于对射频电路层3的各个射频通道的信号控制、信号幅度相位的改变以及对校正信号处理。The wave control network layer 7 is respectively connected to the radio frequency circuit layer 3 and the correction network layer 2, and is used for signal control of each radio frequency channel of the radio frequency circuit layer 3, change of signal amplitude and phase, and correction signal processing.
如图3所示，本实施例的辐射层1包括8×8布阵的64个阵列单元，辐射层1的尺寸为50mm×50mm，每个阵列单元为单点馈电的单层缺口微带贴片蚀刻而成，每个阵列单元上设置两个用于接收校正信号的探针。As shown in Figure 3, the radiation layer 1 of this embodiment includes 64 array units in an 8×8 array, the size of the radiation layer 1 is 50mm×50mm, and each array unit is a single-layer notch microstrip fed by a single point The patch is etched, and two probes for receiving calibration signals are arranged on each array unit.
为了改善天线系统的轴比性能，辐射层1的64个阵列单元，相邻的4个分为一组，每组的4个阵列单元依次进行90°旋转后排布。In order to improve the axial ratio performance of the antenna system, the 64 array units in the radiation layer 1, 4 adjacent ones are grouped into one group, and the 4 array units in each group are arranged after being rotated by 90° in sequence.
每个阵列单元为单点馈电的单层缺口微带贴片，这种单元形式是实现圆极化的最简单方式，仅用一层介质片通过蚀刻加工就可以实现。在每个阵列单元上的两个探针主要接收校正信号，辅助实现校正的功能，具体探针的位置通过单元仿真确定；阵列单元通过通孔与校正网络层2和射频电路层3相连，辐射层1在模块的结构中处于最外层，并且基于电磁兼容以及隔离等考虑，需要在辐射阵面外层设置隔离层，隔离层属于辐射层的一部分。Each array unit is a single-layer notched microstrip patch fed by a single point. This unit form is the simplest way to realize circular polarization, and it can be realized by etching only one layer of dielectric sheet. The two probes on each array unit mainly receive the calibration signal to assist in realizing the calibration function. The specific position of the probe is determined by unit simulation; the array unit is connected to the calibration network layer 2 and the radio frequency circuit layer 3 through through holes, and the radiation Layer 1 is the outermost layer in the module structure, and based on electromagnetic compatibility and isolation considerations, it is necessary to set an isolation layer on the outer layer of the radiation front, and the isolation layer is a part of the radiation layer.
考虑到天线需要与平台共形，辐射层1采用贴片形式，并且天线系统需要进行宽角扫描实现波束空域覆盖，因此采用固定的阵元间距，单元间距根据扫描角度仿真分析确定，信号通过各阵元向空间辐射出去，合成所需要方向的波束。Considering that the antenna needs to conform to the platform, the radiation layer 1 adopts patch form, and the antenna system needs to perform wide-angle scanning to achieve beam space coverage, so a fixed array element spacing is adopted, and the element spacing is determined according to the simulation analysis of the scanning angle. The signal passes through each The array element radiates out to the space and synthesizes the beam in the desired direction.
如图4所示，校正网络层2主要将校正信号进行合路输出，配合系统实现相控阵的校正，是相控阵天线系统必不可少的一部分。As shown in Figure 4, the correction network layer 2 mainly combines and outputs the correction signals, and cooperates with the system to realize the correction of the phased array, which is an indispensable part of the phased array antenna system.
校正网络层2包括64个校正阵元，每个校正阵元通过两条微带线连接对应辐射层1上阵列单元的探针，每个校正阵元的两条微带线合并成一路，相邻的两路再合并成一路，64个校正阵元依次合并最后形成一路信号输出。The correction network layer 2 includes 64 correction array elements, and each correction array element is connected to the probe corresponding to the array unit on the radiation layer 1 through two microstrip lines. The adjacent two channels are combined into one channel, and the 64 correction array elements are combined in turn to form one channel of signal output.
校正网络层2配合辐射层1的校正探针实现有源相控阵的校正，为了避免对辐射层1性能的影响并满足校正信号的强度，每个校正阵元的有两个探针，对应校正网络层2有两条微带线传输信号，然后两条微带线合并成一个路形成一路校正信号输出，探针位置以及微带线的长度经过仿真设计，确保每个探针到校正信号接收机的路径相同，即每个探针的信号到校正接收机具有相同的衰减。The correction network layer 2 cooperates with the calibration probe of the radiation layer 1 to realize the calibration of the active phased array. In order to avoid the impact on the performance of the radiation layer 1 and meet the strength of the calibration signal, each calibration array element has two probes, corresponding to The correction network layer 2 has two microstrip lines to transmit signals, and then the two microstrip lines are combined into one path to form a correction signal output. The position of the probe and the length of the microstrip line have been designed through simulation to ensure that each probe can reach the correction signal The path to the receiver is the same, ie the signal from each probe to the calibration receiver has the same attenuation.
如图5所示，射频电路层3的功能是将发射的射频信号进行放大、幅度衰减以及相位改变等，实现相控阵天线系统的模拟波束合成所需要的各通道幅相值，该模块采用小型射频多功能芯片，实现在狭小空间中对64路信号的幅相调制，完成波束合成。As shown in Figure 5, the function of the radio frequency circuit layer 3 is to amplify the transmitted radio frequency signal, attenuate the amplitude and change the phase, etc., to realize the amplitude and phase values of each channel required for the analog beam synthesis of the phased array antenna system. This module uses The small RF multi-function chip realizes the amplitude and phase modulation of 64 signals in a narrow space and completes the beamforming.
射频电路层3包括64个相同的阵元射频通道，每个阵元射频通道包括依次连接的衰减移相芯片、功率放大器和隔离器，输入射频信号经过衰减移相后，放大再传输给辐射层1。The radio frequency circuit layer 3 includes 64 identical array element radio frequency channels, and each array element radio frequency channel includes an attenuation phase shifting chip, a power amplifier and an isolator connected in sequence. After the input radio frequency signal is attenuated and phase shifted, it is amplified and then transmitted to the radiation layer 1.
衰减移相芯片主要完成信号幅度的衰减和相位的改变，功率放大器将信号进行放大，通过开关配合波控实现发射通道独立控制，用于天线系统的校正。The attenuation phase-shift chip mainly completes the attenuation of signal amplitude and the change of phase. The power amplifier amplifies the signal, and realizes the independent control of the transmission channel through the switch and wave control, which is used for the correction of the antenna system.
如图6所示，由于射频电路会产生大量热量，那么大热量在狭小的空间内会导致射频电路烧毁，因此环控层4是片式结构必不可少的，并且紧邻射频层放置，起到冷却射频通道，将系统热量导出的作用。As shown in Figure 6, since the radio frequency circuit will generate a lot of heat, the large heat will cause the radio frequency circuit to burn out in a small space, so the environmental control layer 4 is essential for the chip structure, and it is placed next to the radio frequency layer to play a role Cool the radio frequency channel and export the heat of the system.
环控层4包括毛细冷却水道41和散热冷板42，所述散热冷板42上开设多条水平凹槽形成毛细冷却水道41，所述多条毛细冷却水道41的一端连接在一起形成冷水入口43，另一端连接在一起形成热水出口44。The environmental control layer 4 includes a capillary cooling channel 41 and a heat dissipation cold plate 42. A plurality of horizontal grooves are provided on the heat dissipation cold plate 42 to form a capillary cooling channel 41. One end of the plurality of capillary cooling channels 41 is connected together to form a cold water inlet. 43, and the other ends are connected together to form a hot water outlet 44.
环控的水从冷水入口43进入，通过散热冷板42上的毛细冷却水道41到热水出口44，输入的是冷水，流出的是热水，将系统产生的热量带走，实现系统循环降温。Environmentally controlled water enters from the cold water inlet 43, passes through the capillary cooling channel 41 on the cooling plate 42 to the hot water outlet 44, the input is cold water, and the outflow is hot water, which takes away the heat generated by the system and realizes the circulation cooling of the system .
如图7所示，电源分布层5包括64个电源阵元和4个电源连接器，每个电源连接器连接16个电源阵元，4个电源连接器分别连接外部供电设备。As shown in FIG. 7 , the power distribution layer 5 includes 64 power array elements and 4 power connectors, each power connector is connected to 16 power array elements, and the 4 power connectors are respectively connected to external power supply devices.
电源分布层5主要为射频电路层3的功率放大器、衰减移相芯片以及其他芯片供电，由于64个功分阵元所需的电流过大，因此该层采用4个连接器与外部供电设备相连，每个连接器输出的电量负责16个功分阵元，同时将电源产生的热量散开，有利于系统的环控。The power distribution layer 5 mainly supplies power for the power amplifier, attenuation phase-shifting chip and other chips of the radio frequency circuit layer 3. Since the current required by the 64 power division array elements is too large, this layer uses 4 connectors to connect with external power supply equipment , the power output by each connector is responsible for 16 power sub-array elements, and at the same time dissipate the heat generated by the power supply, which is conducive to the environmental control of the system.
如图8所示，射频信号功分层6包括64个功分阵元和1个射频连接器，每个功分阵元采用相同线路供电，射频连接器分别连接各个功分阵元。As shown in Figure 8, the radio frequency signal power layer 6 includes 64 power sub-array elements and 1 radio frequency connector, each power sub-array element is powered by the same line, and the radio frequency connectors are respectively connected to each power sub-array element.
射频信号功分层6主要将输入的射频信号进行功率分配到64个功分阵元的射频电路，每个功分阵元采用相同的线路供电，保证同一输入信号分配到64个功分阵元具有相同的损耗和相位，确保各通道的一致性，同时射频信号功分层6只需要一个射频连接器与外界相连，避免了有限空间内大量连接器无法安放的问题。RF signal power layer 6 mainly distributes the power of the input RF signal to the RF circuit of 64 power sub-array elements, and each power sub-array element is powered by the same line to ensure that the same input signal is distributed to 64 power sub-array elements With the same loss and phase, the consistency of each channel is ensured. At the same time, only one RF connector is needed to connect to the outside world, which avoids the problem that a large number of connectors cannot be placed in a limited space.
如图9所示，波控网络层7包括带有CPU的FPGA芯片、接口电路、校正信号转换电路，所述接口电路分别连接射频电路层3、外部低频接口、校正信号转换电路，FPGA芯片连接接口电路，所述校正信号转换电路连接校正网络层2；FPGA芯片对射频电路层3输出控制信号并完成波束移相码的计算和移相器的校正；校正信号转换电路将校正网络输的校正信号变频到L频段后进行A/D转换并存入FPGA芯片。As shown in Figure 9, the wave control network layer 7 includes an FPGA chip with a CPU, an interface circuit, and a correction signal conversion circuit. The interface circuit is respectively connected to the radio frequency circuit layer 3, an external low frequency interface, and a correction signal conversion circuit. The interface circuit, the correction signal conversion circuit is connected to the correction network layer 2; the FPGA chip outputs the control signal to the radio frequency circuit layer 3 and completes the calculation of the beam phase shift code and the correction of the phase shifter; the correction signal conversion circuit will correct the correction network input After the signal is converted to the L frequency band, A/D conversion is performed and stored in the FPGA chip.
波控网络层7的主要功能都有三个，一、对各通道射频模块实现开关控制；二、根据接收到的天线方位、俯仰角信息计算出各个射频通道的幅相值，并结合相控阵天线各个通道的校正值，然后将各通道的幅度衰减值和移相值转换成数控移相衰减网络的码值，并针对各通道进行打码；三、具有相控阵的校正功能。The wave control network layer 7 has three main functions, one is to realize the switch control of the radio frequency module of each channel; the other is to calculate the amplitude and phase value of each radio frequency channel according to the received antenna azimuth and pitch angle information, and combine the phased array The correction value of each channel of the antenna, and then convert the amplitude attenuation value and phase shift value of each channel into the code value of the numerical control phase shift attenuation network, and code for each channel; 3. It has the correction function of the phased array.
波控网络层7通过一个低频连接器与外部相连，该连接器主要传递控制信号和数据信号和波控网络供电。The wave control network layer 7 is connected to the outside through a low-frequency connector, which mainly transmits control signals and data signals and power supply for the wave control network.
由图2可以知，整个天线结构包括三类连接器，分别为1个低频接口8，用于连接波控网络层7的低频连接器；1个射频接口9，用于连接射频信号功分层6的射频连接器；2个水路通道10，分别为水路的输入和输出，用于连接环控层4的水路连接器。As can be seen from Figure 2, the entire antenna structure includes three types of connectors, which are respectively a low-frequency interface 8, which is used to connect the low-frequency connector of the wave control network layer 7; and a radio frequency interface 9, which is used to connect the RF signal power layer 6 RF connectors; 2 waterway channels 10, which are the input and output of the waterway respectively, and are used to connect the waterway connector of the environmental control layer 4.
上述7层结构通过小型抗振高可靠的垂直互连接插件、通孔和加固支撑件(兼做屏蔽机构)实现不同层之间的信号互连，然后层压成一个整体构成整个天线系统。The above 7-layer structure achieves signal interconnection between different layers through small vibration-resistant and highly reliable vertical interconnection plug-ins, through-holes and reinforced supports (doubling as shielding mechanisms), and then laminated into a whole to form the entire antenna system.
本发明制得的片式Ka频段宽角扫描卫星通信天线，适用于Ka频段的卫星通信，适合载体对终端要求无剖面可共形设计的情况，可达到以下技术指标：The chip type Ka-band wide-angle scanning satellite communication antenna prepared by the present invention is suitable for satellite communication in the Ka-band, and is suitable for the case where the carrier requires no profile for the terminal and can be conformally designed, and can achieve the following technical indicators:
工作频率：Ka；子阵单元：8*8有源单元；极化方式：圆极化；扫描范围：满足60°锥角扫描范围；天线厚度：小于40mm；模块EIRP：30dBW。Working frequency: Ka; subarray unit: 8*8 active unit; polarization mode: circular polarization; scanning range: satisfying the scanning range of 60°cone angle; antenna thickness: less than 40mm; module EIRP: 30dBW.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510477927.9ACN105024143B (en) | 2015-08-06 | 2015-08-06 | A kind of chip Ka frequency ranges large-angle scanning satellite communication antena |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510477927.9ACN105024143B (en) | 2015-08-06 | 2015-08-06 | A kind of chip Ka frequency ranges large-angle scanning satellite communication antena |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105024143Atrue CN105024143A (en) | 2015-11-04 |
| CN105024143B CN105024143B (en) | 2018-08-28 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510477927.9AActiveCN105024143B (en) | 2015-08-06 | 2015-08-06 | A kind of chip Ka frequency ranges large-angle scanning satellite communication antena |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN105024143B (en) |
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