技术领域technical field
本发明属于人工表面等离激元技术领域，具体涉及一种基于人工表面等离激元的陷波共面波导结构。The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial surface plasmons, and in particular relates to a notched coplanar waveguide structure based on artificial surface plasmons.
背景技术Background technique
人工表面等离激元是一种被约束在人工电磁结构表面进行传播的电磁波模式，传统表面等离激元的研究曾一度被局限于光波段或是更高的频率上，人工表面等离激元是将表面等离子激元的概念推广到低频段(微波或太赫兹波段)的产物，它有助于获得高约束性的微波或太赫兹信号的导波技术，并将低频段的器件尺寸减小到亚波长量级以实现高度集成。人工表面等离激元通常是在金属表面挖孔或刻槽的方法，不仅能增加电磁场在金属内的渗透能力，还可以实现场的亚波长约束，而且结构表面的等效等离子频率与表面结构的几何参数有关，从而可以在较低频率对表面等离激元进行工程设计，为亚波长周期性金属结构在微波或太赫兹成像，高分辨率医学内窥镜技术、生物检测、环境检测和信息与雷达通信技术等领域的应用开拓了广阔的前景。Artificial surface plasmons are electromagnetic wave modes that are confined to propagate on the surface of artificial electromagnetic structures. The research on traditional surface plasmons was once limited to the optical band or higher frequencies. Artificial surface plasmons The element is the product of extending the concept of surface plasmons to low-frequency bands (microwave or terahertz bands), which helps to obtain highly constrained microwave or terahertz signal waveguide technology, and reduces the size of devices in low-frequency bands. Small to sub-wavelength order to achieve high integration. Artificial surface plasmons are usually a method of digging holes or carving grooves on the metal surface, which can not only increase the penetration ability of the electromagnetic field in the metal, but also realize the sub-wavelength confinement of the field, and the equivalent plasmon frequency of the structured surface and the surface structure The geometric parameters are related, so that surface plasmons can be engineered at lower frequencies, microwave or terahertz imaging for subwavelength periodic metal structures, high-resolution medical endoscopy, biological detection, environmental detection and Applications in fields such as information and radar communication technology have opened up broad prospects.
共面波导作为一种性能优越、加工方便的微波平面传输线，在单片微波集成电路中正发挥越来越大的作用，尤其到了毫米波频段，共面波导更拥有微带线所不可比拟的性能优势。与常规的微带传输线相比，共面波导具有容易制作，容易实现无源、有源器件在微波电路中的串联和并联(不需要在基片上穿孔)，容易提高电路密度等优点。As a microwave planar transmission line with superior performance and convenient processing, coplanar waveguide is playing an increasingly important role in monolithic microwave integrated circuits. Especially in the millimeter wave frequency band, coplanar waveguide has incomparable performance compared to microstrip lines. Advantage. Compared with conventional microstrip transmission lines, coplanar waveguides have the advantages of easy fabrication, easy realization of serial and parallel connections of passive and active devices in microwave circuits (no need to perforate the substrate), and easy increase of circuit density.
发明内容Contents of the invention
技术问题：本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种陷波型共面波导结构，不仅能实现信号的传输，而且能在传输频带内产生一个阻带，形成陷波共面波导。Technical problem: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a notch-type coplanar waveguide structure, which can not only realize signal transmission, but also generate a stop band in the transmission frequency band to form a notch coplanar waveguide.
为解决上述问题，本发明将支持人工表面等离激元的金属周期结构与支持空间波的共面波导结构结合，设计出一种基于人工表面等离子的陷波共面波导。本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：In order to solve the above problems, the present invention combines a metal periodic structure supporting artificial surface plasmons with a coplanar waveguide structure supporting space waves, and designs a notched coplanar waveguide based on artificial surface plasmons. Technical scheme of the present invention is realized like this:
一种基于人工表面等离激元的陷波共面波导，其特征在于：主要由共面波导及设置在共面波导介质基板另一表面的金属条带构成，所述金属条带由沿金属条带长度方向周期性分布的金属栅格阵列构成。A notched coplanar waveguide based on artificial surface plasmons, characterized in that: it is mainly composed of a coplanar waveguide and a metal strip arranged on the other surface of the coplanar waveguide dielectric substrate, and the metal strip is formed along the metal strip. It is composed of a metal grid array periodically distributed in the strip length direction.
优选地，位于中心处的金属栅格的高度小于其他金属栅格的高度。Preferably, the metal grid located at the center has a smaller height than the other metal grids.
本发明实际由介质基板层和两层金属箔层制作而成，介质基板为矩形直板，金属箔层分别印制于介质基板的两侧表面上；一侧的金属箔层刻蚀成共面波导结构，中心导带和两侧接地带的走向与金属箔层的中心线平行。另一侧的金属箔层形成一个金属条带，由沿长度方向周期性分布的金属栅格构成，金属栅格的周期保持不变，中心处的金属栅格高度小于其他金属栅格的高度。The present invention is actually made of a dielectric substrate layer and two metal foil layers, the dielectric substrate is a rectangular straight plate, and the metal foil layers are printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate; the metal foil layer on one side is etched into a coplanar waveguide structure, the direction of the central conducting strip and the grounding strips on both sides are parallel to the center line of the metal foil layer. The metal foil layer on the other side forms a metal strip, which is composed of metal grids periodically distributed along the length direction, the period of the metal grids remains constant, and the height of the metal grid at the center is smaller than that of other metal grids.
本发明在深入研究人工表面等离激元的基础上，根据金属亚波长周期结构中不同的模式有着不同的色散曲线，高次模式的色散曲线和低次模式的色散曲线之间存在一个带隙，通过基板背面的金属栅格最中间处，其高度小于周围其他栅格的结构，相当于在带隙内引入缺陷结构，当共面波导的信号传输到此处时，能量在缺陷处发生谐振，信号不能传输，形成陷波特性。Based on the in-depth study of artificial surface plasmons, the present invention has different dispersion curves according to different modes in the metal subwavelength periodic structure, and there is a band gap between the dispersion curve of the high-order mode and the dispersion curve of the low-order mode , through the middle of the metal grid on the back of the substrate, its height is smaller than that of other surrounding grid structures, which is equivalent to introducing a defect structure in the band gap. When the signal of the coplanar waveguide is transmitted here, the energy resonates at the defect , the signal cannot be transmitted, forming a notch characteristic.
本发明适合与传统微波或太赫兹传输线匹配使用，为陷波器件设计及应用提供一种全新的思路和方案。The invention is suitable for use in matching with traditional microwave or terahertz transmission lines, and provides a brand-new idea and solution for the design and application of notch devices.
本发明具有如下有益效果：The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1.本发明主要提出一种基于人工表面等离子的陷波共面波导，包括传统的共面微带传输线和在基板另一侧刻有周期性亚波长金属栅格阵列。这种设计结构一方面利用共面波导的优越传输性能，另一方面利用人工表面等离子波导的可调谐色散特性，实现了信号传输的陷波抑制的效果。可以使得未来的陷波器件或天线设计过程中，不必设计额外的带阻滤波器，进而在微波器件和集成电路结构的设计中具有更大的灵活性，1. The present invention mainly proposes a notched coplanar waveguide based on artificial surface plasmons, including a traditional coplanar microstrip transmission line and a periodic subwavelength metal grid array engraved on the other side of the substrate. This design structure utilizes the superior transmission performance of the coplanar waveguide on the one hand, and the tunable dispersion characteristic of the artificial surface plasmon waveguide on the other hand, to realize the notch suppression effect of signal transmission. It can make it unnecessary to design additional band-stop filters in the future design process of notch devices or antennas, and thus have greater flexibility in the design of microwave devices and integrated circuit structures.
2.结构简单：结构包括传统的共面微带传输线和在基板一侧刻有周期性亚波长金属栅格阵列的金属条带，构造简单紧凑，方便加工。2. Simple structure: The structure includes traditional coplanar microstrip transmission lines and metal strips engraved with periodic sub-wavelength metal grid arrays on one side of the substrate. The structure is simple and compact, and it is easy to process.
3.创新性强，技术前瞻性好：本发明在微波或太赫兹频段利用人工表面等离子波导和共面波导的结合，实现了陷波特性，创新性强，国内外未见此类结构；其可很好的与传统微波传输线配合使用，便于集成到微波电路中，拓展了人工表面等离子器件的应用范围，具有很好的技术前瞻性。3. Strong innovation and good technical foresight: the present invention uses the combination of artificial surface plasmon waveguide and coplanar waveguide in the microwave or terahertz frequency band to realize the notch characteristic, which is highly innovative and has no such structure at home and abroad; It can be well used in conjunction with traditional microwave transmission lines, is easy to integrate into microwave circuits, expands the application range of artificial surface plasmon devices, and has good technical foresight.
4.陷波性能强：本发明除去陷波处，4GHz-14GHz的S21均在-0.5dB以上，表示信号以很小的损耗通过共面波导，在陷波频段外的电磁波传输不受影响。在8.97GHz处产生陷波，陷波频段在8.95GHz～8.99GHz，在陷波频段范围内，S21小于-10dB。4. Strong notch performance: the invention removes the notch, and the S21 of 4GHz-14GHz is above -0.5dB, indicating that the signal passes through the coplanar waveguide with a small loss, and the electromagnetic wave transmission outside the notch frequency band is not affected . A notch is generated at 8.97GHz, and the notch frequency range is 8.95GHz to 8.99GHz. In the notch frequency range, S21 is less than -10dB.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1(a)是实施例一的波导俯视结构图；Fig. 1 (a) is the top view structural diagram of the waveguide of embodiment one;
图1(b)是实施例一的波导仰视结构图；Fig. 1 (b) is the bottom view structure diagram of the waveguide of embodiment one;
图1(c)是实施例一的波导侧视结构图Fig. 1(c) is a side view structure diagram of the waveguide of Embodiment 1
图1(d)是无缺陷情况下的波导仰视结构图Figure 1(d) is a bottom-view structure diagram of the waveguide without defects
图2是人工表面等离激元第一和第二模式的色散曲线图；Fig. 2 is a dispersion curve diagram of the first and second modes of artificial surface plasmons;
图3(a)是无缺陷金属栅格情况下对应的S参数曲线图。Fig. 3(a) is the corresponding S-parameter curve diagram in the case of no defect metal grid.
图3(b)是有缺陷金属栅格情况下对应的S参数曲线图。Fig. 3(b) is a corresponding S-parameter curve diagram in the case of a defective metal grid.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面结合附图对技术方案的实施作进一步的详细描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the implementation of technical scheme is described in further detail:
实施例一Embodiment one
如图1(a)、(b)、(c)所示，陷波共面波导由两个部分组成。第一部分为传统的共面微带传输线；第二部分为人工表面等离子波导，即介质基板另一侧的金属条带，由亚波长金属栅格阵列构成，金属栅格阵列沿金属条带长度方向(x方向)及宽度方向(y方向)均呈对称结构，且周期不变。金属栅格的形状如图1(b)中虚线框内所示，由一横条带(x方向)和一竖条带(y方向)交叉构成，形如“十”字型(金属条带两端分别以竖条带为边界)。除结构中心处的金属栅格以外，其他金属栅格的结构参数是一致的，中心处的金属栅格高度小于其他金属栅格。作为对照例，如图1(d)所示，无缺陷的情况下全部金属栅格的高度是相同的。As shown in Figure 1(a), (b), (c), the notched coplanar waveguide consists of two parts. The first part is a traditional coplanar microstrip transmission line; the second part is an artificial surface plasmon waveguide, that is, the metal strip on the other side of the dielectric substrate, which is composed of a subwavelength metal grid array, and the metal grid array is along the length of the metal strip. (x direction) and width direction (y direction) are both symmetrical structures, and the period is constant. The shape of the metal grid is shown in the dotted line box in Figure 1(b), which is composed of a horizontal strip (x direction) and a vertical strip (y direction) intersecting, shaped like a "ten" (metal strip bounded by vertical strips at both ends). Except for the metal grid at the center of the structure, the structural parameters of the other metal grids are consistent, and the height of the metal grid at the center is smaller than that of the other metal grids. As a comparative example, as shown in Fig. 1(d), the heights of all the metal grids are the same when there are no defects.
实施例二Embodiment two
如图1(a)所示结构为传统的共面微带传输线，长度为l＝150毫米，中心带w1＝10毫米，接地带宽度为w2＝20毫米，中心带和接地带的间隔为g＝0.5毫米，金属层厚度t1＝0.018毫米，中间位置的微带传输线作为导波信号的输入端。The structure shown in Figure 1(a) is a traditional coplanar microstrip transmission line, the length is l=150mm, the central strip w1 =10mm, the ground strip width is w2 =20mm, and the distance between the central strip and the ground strip g=0.5 mm, metal layer thickness t1 =0.018 mm, and the microstrip transmission line in the middle is used as the input end of the guided wave signal.
如图1(b)所示结构为基板另一表面的刻有周期性亚波长金属栅格阵列的金属条带作为人工表面等离激元信号传输的载体，金属条带的厚度与共面波导金属层厚度相等为0.018毫米，沿基板长度方向共有39个金属栅格结构，虚线框内为单个金属栅格单元。周期数一般设置为奇数个，以方便在最中间处设置缺陷结构。其中周期为p＝3.2毫米，槽宽为b＝1.6毫米，最中间的栅格的高度为h2＝3.3毫米(这里的高度指金属栅格单元中的竖条带的一半)，其余的栅格高度均为h1＝4.6毫米，金属栅格单元中的横条带的宽度为w3＝1毫米。As shown in Figure 1(b), the structure is a metal strip engraved with a periodic subwavelength metal grid array on the other surface of the substrate as a carrier for artificial surface plasmon signal transmission. The thickness of the metal strip is the same as that of the coplanar waveguide metal The layer thickness is equal to 0.018 mm, and there are 39 metal grid structures along the length direction of the substrate, and a single metal grid unit is inside the dotted line box. The number of cycles is generally set to an odd number to facilitate setting the defect structure in the middle. Wherein the period is p=3.2 millimeters, the groove width is b=1.6 millimeters, the height of the grid in the middle is h2 =3.3 millimeters (the height here refers to half of the vertical strips in the metal grid unit), and the remaining grids The grid heights are all h1 =4.6 mm, and the width of the horizontal strips in the metal grid unit is w3 =1 mm.
如图1(c)所示结构为本发明波导的侧视结构图，基板厚度t0＝0.93毫米，介电常数为3.5，金属层的厚度t1＝0.018毫米。The structure shown in Fig. 1(c) is a side view structure diagram of the waveguide of the present invention, the thickness of the substrate is t0 =0.93 mm, the dielectric constant is 3.5, and the thickness of the metal layer is t1 =0.018 mm.
如图1(d)所示结构为无缺陷结构仰视结构图，与图1(b)相比，金属栅格的结构尺寸均保持一致，其他参数和图1(b)完全相同。The structure shown in Figure 1(d) is a bottom view of a defect-free structure. Compared with Figure 1(b), the structure size of the metal grid remains the same, and other parameters are exactly the same as Figure 1(b).
人工表面等离激元的不同模式有着不同的色散曲线，在基模和高次模之间存在一个带隙(如图2中所示，8.3GHz-17GHz)；同时，由于人工表面等离激元的等离子体频率受表面几何结构控制，主要受栅格高度的影响，所以我们利用人工表面等离子波导有可调谐色散特性，在最中间处设置一个高度明显小于其他栅格的金属栅格结构，通过这种方式实现了特定频率的局域表面等离激元共振，从而在带隙相应频率范围内引入了一个点缺陷。Different modes of artificial surface plasmons have different dispersion curves, and there is a band gap between the fundamental mode and the high-order mode (as shown in Figure 2, 8.3GHz-17GHz); at the same time, due to the artificial surface plasmon The plasma frequency of the element is controlled by the surface geometry and is mainly affected by the height of the grid. Therefore, we use the tunable dispersion characteristics of the artificial surface plasmon waveguide, and set a metal grid structure with a height significantly smaller than other grids in the middle. In this way, a localized surface plasmon resonance at a specific frequency is achieved, thereby introducing a point defect in the corresponding frequency range of the bandgap.
根据实施例二，利用电磁仿真软件可得到如图3所示的高效性能，通过对比有缺陷和无点缺陷情况下的S参数仿真结果，在引入缺陷之前，观察图3(a)，发现背板的金属结构对共面微带传输线的传输效果是影响很小的，整个观察频带内都是可以传输的，S21均在-0.5dB以上，S11均在-15dB以下；通过在金属周期结构中引入缺陷的金属栅格以后，观察图3(b)，在中心频率8.97GHz处产生陷波，陷波频段在8.95GHz～8.99GHz，在陷波频段范围内，S21小于-10dB，而在陷波频段外的范围内，S21均大于-0.5dB，S11均小于-10dB，电磁波传输性能受到的影响很弱。According to the second embodiment, the high-efficiency performance shown in Figure 3 can be obtained by using the electromagnetic simulation software. By comparing the S-parameter simulation results with and without point defects, before introducing defects, observe Figure 3 (a), and find that the background The metal structure of the plate has little effect on the transmission effect of the coplanar microstrip transmission line, and it can be transmitted in the entire observation frequency band, with S21 above -0.5dB and S11 below -15dB; through the metal periodic structure After introducing the defective metal grid, observe Figure 3(b), a notch is generated at the center frequency of 8.97GHz, and the notch frequency range is 8.95GHz to 8.99GHz. Within the notch frequency range, S21 is less than -10dB, while In the range outside the wave frequency band, S21 is greater than -0.5dB, S11 is less than -10dB, and the electromagnetic wave transmission performance is very weakly affected.
总之，本发明实现了基于人工表面等离激元的陷波共面波导，在带外可以高效的传输信号，带内形成陷波，具有很好的阻带特性，产品容易加工，在很大程度上能适应工程上的需求。In a word, the present invention realizes the notched coplanar waveguide based on artificial surface plasmon polaritons, which can transmit signals efficiently outside the band, and form notches in the band, which has good stop band characteristics, and the product is easy to process. To a certain extent, it can meet the needs of engineering.
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| CN201510359153.XACN104993203B (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2015-06-25 | A kind of trap co-planar waveguide based on artificial surface phasmon |
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| CN201510359153.XACN104993203B (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2015-06-25 | A kind of trap co-planar waveguide based on artificial surface phasmon |
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