技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种具有免疫调节作用的玉米须超滤多糖的制备方法,属于天然植物活性多糖的提取分离技术领域。The invention relates to a preparation method of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide with immune regulation function, and belongs to the technical field of extraction and separation of natural plant active polysaccharides.
背景技术Background technique
玉米须(Stigmata madis)别名玉米麦、棒子毛,禾本科玉蜀属植物玉米(Zea mays L.)的花柱,是一种传统的中草药,在《滇南本草》、《中药大辞典》等都有记载,为《中华人民共和国卫生部药材标准》1985版(一部)收录的常用药材品种。Corn silk (Stigmata madis ), also known as corn wheat and cob hair, is the style of corn (Zea mays L. ), a plant of the grass family Yushu. It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It has been recorded that it is a commonly used medicinal material species included in the 1985 edition (Part One) of the "Ministry of Health Standards for Medicinal Materials of the People's Republic of China".
我国是玉米生产大国,玉米年产量居世界第2位。因此,作为玉米副产物的玉米须的资源十分丰富。my country is a big corn producing country, and its annual corn production ranks second in the world. Therefore, the resource of corn silk as a by-product of corn is very abundant.
多糖类化合物是玉米须所含重要的化学成分之一,初步研究表明玉米须多糖具有护肝、降糖、调节免疫、抗菌、抗肿瘤、利尿和解热等作用,临床试验证实,多糖类还可作为肿瘤化学治疗和放射治疗的有效辅助治疗药,在医药、食品方面均有很好的应用前景和开发价值。Polysaccharides are one of the important chemical components contained in corn silk. Preliminary studies have shown that corn silk polysaccharides have the functions of protecting the liver, lowering blood sugar, regulating immunity, antibacterial, anti-tumor, diuretic and antipyretic. Clinical trials have confirmed that polysaccharides It can also be used as an effective adjuvant drug for tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and has good application prospects and development value in medicine and food.
传统多糖提取采用有机溶剂沉淀方法,去除小分子杂质,制备多糖,如80%乙醇沉淀等。此法不仅需要消耗大量有机溶剂,而且有机溶剂具有很强大的挥发和易燃易爆等特点,因此对设备投入要求也比较高。本发明采用等体积补水超滤方法,在有效保留玉米须多糖活性成分的同时,去除小分子物质,替代有机溶剂沉淀,制备多糖,具有操作简单,设备投入少等优点,并且环保安全,成本低廉,具有显著的经济效益,适于规模化生产。Traditional polysaccharide extraction uses organic solvent precipitation to remove small molecular impurities and prepare polysaccharides, such as 80% ethanol precipitation. This method not only needs to consume a large amount of organic solvent, but also has the characteristics of strong volatilization, inflammability and explosion, so the requirement for equipment investment is relatively high. The invention adopts an equal-volume replenishment ultrafiltration method, while effectively retaining the active ingredients of corn silk polysaccharides, removes small molecular substances, replaces organic solvent precipitation, and prepares polysaccharides. It has the advantages of simple operation, less equipment investment, etc., and is environmentally friendly, safe, and low in cost. , has significant economic benefits and is suitable for large-scale production.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种具有免疫调节作用的玉米须超滤多糖的制备方法,本方法采用等体积补水超滤方法,操作简单,设备投入少,环保安全,成本低廉。The invention provides a preparation method of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide with immune regulation function. The method adopts an equal-volume replenishment ultrafiltration method, and has simple operation, less equipment investment, environmental protection, safety and low cost.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种玉米须超滤多糖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a preparation method of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide, comprising the following steps:
1. 玉米须的预处理1. Pretreatment of corn silk
玉米须除杂后,于60-70 ℃下烘干,置于干燥环境自然冷却后粉碎至40-100目。After the corn silk is removed, it is dried at 60-70 ℃, placed in a dry environment to cool naturally, and then crushed to 40-100 mesh.
2. 玉米须的脱脂2. Degreasing of corn silk
玉米须粉按质量体积比1:2-1:5加入95%乙醇或无水乙醇浸泡12-24小时,减压过滤,滤渣同法再重复浸泡1-2次后于阴凉处自然干燥,并于干燥环境保存备用。The corn silk powder is soaked in 95% ethanol or absolute ethanol according to the mass volume ratio of 1:2-1:5 for 12-24 hours, filtered under reduced pressure, and the filter residue is soaked 1-2 times in the same way, then dried naturally in a cool place, and Store in a dry environment for later use.
3. 超滤多糖制备3. Ultrafiltration polysaccharide preparation
3.1 浸提 按1:10-1:30质量体积比加入蒸馏水,在95-100℃下于提取罐中浸提0.5-3小时。3.1 Extraction Add distilled water at a mass volume ratio of 1:10-1:30, and extract in an extraction tank at 95-100°C for 0.5-3 hours.
3.2 离心 提取液经三足式离心机1440 r/min离心,分离上清和沉淀(玉米须颗粒)。3.2 Centrifugation The extract was centrifuged in a three-legged centrifuge at 1440 r/min to separate the supernatant and sediment (corn silk particles).
3.3 复提 沉淀同法再浸提1次。合并两次提取的上清液。3.3 Re-extraction The precipitation was extracted once more in the same way. Combine the supernatants from the two extractions.
3.4 除杂 上清液经16000 r/min离心,除去微小颗粒,制备多糖浸提清液。3.4 Impurity removal The supernatant was centrifuged at 16,000 r/min to remove tiny particles and prepare the polysaccharide extraction supernatant.
3.5超滤 上清液经截留分子量为10 KDa超滤膜超滤,超滤压力0.05-2.0 Mpa。超滤方法:当上清超滤浓缩至浸提液的1/20-1/2倍时,向浓缩液中补1/10-1倍浓缩液体积的蒸馏水,继续超滤至浓缩液体积恢复为补水前体积,同法重复补水,直至总加水体积为浸提液体积的2-5倍,不再补水。3.5 Ultrafiltration The supernatant is ultrafiltered by an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 KDa, and the ultrafiltration pressure is 0.05-2.0 Mpa. Ultrafiltration method: when the supernatant ultrafiltration is concentrated to 1/20-1/2 times of the extract, add distilled water of 1/10-1 times the volume of the concentrate to the concentrate, and continue ultrafiltration until the volume of the concentrate recovers The volume before water replenishment is repeated in the same way until the total volume of water added is 2-5 times the volume of the extract, and no more water is added.
3.6 干燥 将浓缩液继续超滤至干物质含量达15-20%,冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥,获得玉米须超滤多糖粉。3.6 Drying Continue to ultrafilter the concentrated solution until the dry matter content reaches 15-20%, freeze-dry or spray-dry to obtain corn silk ultra-filtered polysaccharide powder.
在本步骤中的第5步的超滤方法还可以采用向浸提清液中一次性加入2-5倍浸提液体积的蒸馏水。In the ultrafiltration method of step 5 in this step, distilled water can also be used to add 2-5 times the volume of the leach solution to the leach clear liquid at one time.
本发明的有益效果是:本发明采用等体积补水超滤方法,在有效保留玉米须多糖活性成分的同时,去除小分子物质,替代有机溶剂沉淀,制备多糖,具有操作简单,设备投入少等优点,并且环保安全,成本低廉,具有显著的经济效益,适于规模化生产。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention adopts the equal-volume replenishment ultrafiltration method, while effectively retaining the active ingredients of corn silk polysaccharides, removes small molecular substances, replaces organic solvent precipitation, and prepares polysaccharides, which has the advantages of simple operation and less investment in equipment, etc. , and is environmentally safe, low in cost, has significant economic benefits, and is suitable for large-scale production.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1 为本发明的玉米须超滤多糖体外刺激淋巴细胞增殖试验结果。Fig. 1 is the test result of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro stimulated by corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
一种玉米须超滤多糖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:A preparation method of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide, comprising the steps of:
1. 玉米须的预处理1. Pretreatment of corn silk
玉米须除杂后,于70 ℃下烘干,置于干燥环境自然冷却后粉碎至100目。After the corn silk is removed, it is dried at 70°C, placed in a dry environment to cool naturally, and then crushed to 100 mesh.
2. 玉米须的脱脂2. Degreasing of corn silk
玉米须粉1 kg,按质量体积比1:5加入无水乙醇浸泡12小时,减压过滤,滤渣同法再重复浸泡1次后于阴凉处自然干燥,并于干燥环境保存备用。Corn silk powder 1 kg, soaked in absolute ethanol at a mass volume ratio of 1:5 for 12 hours, filtered under reduced pressure, and the filter residue was soaked once more in the same way, then dried naturally in a cool place, and stored in a dry environment for later use.
3. 超滤多糖制备3. Ultrafiltration polysaccharide preparation
3.1 浸提 按1:20质量体积比加入蒸馏水(20 L),在95-100℃下于提取罐中浸提2小时。3.1 Extraction Add distilled water (20 L) at a mass volume ratio of 1:20, and extract in an extraction tank at 95-100°C for 2 hours.
3.2 离心 提取液经三足式离心机1440 r/min离心,分离上清和沉淀(玉米须颗粒)。3.2 Centrifugation The extract was centrifuged in a three-legged centrifuge at 1440 r/min to separate the supernatant and sediment (corn silk particles).
3.3 复提 沉淀同法再浸提1次。合并两次提取的上清液。3.3 Re-extraction The precipitation was extracted again in the same way. Combine the supernatants from the two extractions.
3.4 除杂 上清液经16000 r/min离心,除去微小颗粒,制备多糖浸提清液。3.4 Impurity removal The supernatant was centrifuged at 16,000 r/min to remove tiny particles and prepare the polysaccharide extraction supernatant.
3.5超滤 上清液经截留分子量为10 KDa超滤膜超滤,超滤压力0.08 Mpa。超滤方法:当上清超滤浓缩至浸提液的1/10倍(2 L)时,向浓缩液中补1/2倍浓缩液体积的蒸馏水(1 L),继续超滤至浓缩液体积恢复为补水前体积,同法重复补水,直至总加水体积为浸提液体积的4倍(80 L),不再补水。3.5 Ultrafiltration The supernatant was ultrafiltered by an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 KDa, and the ultrafiltration pressure was 0.08 Mpa. Ultrafiltration method: When the supernatant ultrafiltration is concentrated to 1/10 times (2 L) of the extract, add distilled water (1 L) 1/2 times the volume of the concentrate to the concentrate, and continue ultrafiltration to the concentrate The volume was restored to the volume before water replenishment, and water replenishment was repeated in the same way until the total volume of water added was 4 times the volume of the extraction solution (80 L), and no more water was added.
3.6 干燥 将浓缩液继续超滤至干物质含量达15-20%,冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥,获得玉米须超滤多糖粉。3.6 Drying Continue to ultrafilter the concentrate until the dry matter content reaches 15-20%, freeze-dry or spray-dry to obtain corn silk ultra-filtered polysaccharide powder.
玉米须超滤多糖提取率为7.22%,其多糖含量36.11%。The extraction rate of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide was 7.22%, and its polysaccharide content was 36.11%.
实施例2Example 2
一种玉米须超滤多糖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:A preparation method of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide, comprising the steps of:
1. 玉米须的预处理1. Pretreatment of corn silk
玉米须除杂后,于65 ℃下烘干,置于干燥环境自然冷却后粉碎至100目。After the corn silk is removed, it is dried at 65°C, placed in a dry environment to cool naturally, and then crushed to 100 mesh.
2. 玉米须的脱脂2. Degreasing of corn silk
玉米须粉1kg,按质量体积比1:3加入无水乙醇浸泡24小时,减压过滤,滤渣同法再重复浸泡1次后于阴凉处自然干燥,并于干燥环境保存备用。Corn silk powder 1kg, soaked in absolute ethanol at a mass volume ratio of 1:3 for 24 hours, filtered under reduced pressure, and the filter residue was soaked once more in the same way, then dried naturally in a cool place, and stored in a dry environment for later use.
3. 超滤多糖制备3. Ultrafiltration polysaccharide preparation
3.1 浸提 按1:15质量体积比加入蒸馏水(15 L),在95-100℃下于提取罐中浸提1小时。3.1 Extraction Add distilled water (15 L) at a mass volume ratio of 1:15, and extract in an extraction tank at 95-100°C for 1 hour.
3.2 离心 提取液经三足式离心机1440 r/min离心,分离上清和沉淀(玉米须颗粒)。3.2 Centrifugation The extract was centrifuged in a three-legged centrifuge at 1440 r/min to separate the supernatant and sediment (corn silk particles).
3.3 复提 沉淀同法再浸提1次。合并两次提取的上清液。3.3 Re-extraction The precipitation was extracted again in the same way. Combine the supernatants from the two extractions.
3.4 除杂 上清液经16000 r/min离心,除去微小颗粒,制备多糖浸提清液。3.4 Impurity removal The supernatant was centrifuged at 16,000 r/min to remove tiny particles and prepare the polysaccharide extraction supernatant.
3.5超滤 上清液经截留分子量为10 KDa超滤膜超滤,超滤压力0.06 Mpa。超滤方法:当上清超滤浓缩至浸提液的1/10倍时(1.5 L),向浓缩液中补1/3倍浓缩液体积的蒸馏水(0.5 L),继续超滤至浓缩液体积恢复为补水前体积,同法重复补水,直至总加水体积为浸提液体积的5倍(75 L),不再补水。3.5 Ultrafiltration The supernatant was ultrafiltered by an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 KDa, and the ultrafiltration pressure was 0.06 Mpa. Ultrafiltration method: When the supernatant ultrafiltration is concentrated to 1/10 times of the extract (1.5 L), add distilled water (0.5 L) 1/3 times the volume of the concentrate to the concentrate, and continue ultrafiltration to the concentrate The volume was restored to the volume before water replenishment, and water replenishment was repeated in the same way until the total volume of water added was 5 times the volume of the extract (75 L), and no more water was added.
3.6 干燥 将浓缩液继续超滤至干物质含量达15-20%,冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥,获得玉米须超滤多糖粉。3.6 Drying Continue to ultrafilter the concentrate until the dry matter content reaches 15-20%, freeze-dry or spray-dry to obtain corn silk ultra-filtered polysaccharide powder.
玉米须超滤多糖提取率为6.65%,其多糖含量38.34%。The extraction rate of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide is 6.65%, and its polysaccharide content is 38.34%.
实施例3Example 3
一种玉米须超滤多糖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:A preparation method of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide, comprising the steps of:
1. 玉米须的预处理1. Pretreatment of corn silk
玉米须除杂后,于60 ℃下烘干,置于干燥环境自然冷却后粉碎至60目。After the corn silk is removed, it is dried at 60°C, placed in a dry environment to cool naturally, and then crushed to 60 mesh.
2. 玉米须的脱脂2. Degreasing of corn silk
玉米须粉1 kg,按质量体积比1:4加入无水乙醇浸泡24小时,减压过滤,滤渣同法再重复浸泡1次后于阴凉处自然干燥,并于干燥环境保存备用。Corn silk powder 1 kg, soaked in absolute ethanol at a mass volume ratio of 1:4 for 24 hours, filtered under reduced pressure, and the filter residue was soaked once more in the same way, then dried naturally in a cool place, and stored in a dry environment for later use.
3. 超滤多糖制备3. Ultrafiltration polysaccharide preparation
3.1 浸提 按1:30质量体积比加入蒸馏水(30 L),在95-100℃下于提取罐中浸提1.5小时。3.1 Extraction Add distilled water (30 L) at a mass volume ratio of 1:30, and extract in an extraction tank at 95-100°C for 1.5 hours.
3.2 离心 提取液经三足式离心机1440 r/min离心,分离上清和沉淀(玉米须颗粒)。3.2 Centrifugation The extract was centrifuged in a three-legged centrifuge at 1440 r/min to separate the supernatant and sediment (corn silk particles).
3.3 复提 沉淀同法再浸提1次。合并两次提取的上清液。3.3 Re-extraction The precipitation was extracted again in the same way. Combine the supernatants from the two extractions.
3.4 除杂 上清液经16000 r/min离心,除去微小颗粒,制备多糖浸提清液。3.4 Impurity removal The supernatant was centrifuged at 16,000 r/min to remove tiny particles and prepare the polysaccharide extraction supernatant.
3.5超滤 上清液经截留分子量为10 KDa超滤膜超滤,超滤压力0.80 Mpa。超滤方法:向浸提清液中一次性加入2.5倍浸提液体积的蒸馏水(75 L),混匀后,超滤浓缩至干物质含量达15-20%,干燥。3.5 Ultrafiltration The supernatant was ultrafiltered by an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 KDa, and the ultrafiltration pressure was 0.80 Mpa. Ultrafiltration method: add 2.5 times the volume of distilled water (75 L) to the extract liquid at one time, mix well, concentrate by ultrafiltration until the dry matter content reaches 15-20%, and dry.
3.6 干燥 冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥,获得玉米须超滤多糖粉。3.6 Drying Freeze-drying or spray-drying to obtain corn silk ultra-filtered polysaccharide powder.
玉米须超滤多糖提取率为6.93%,其多糖含量35.57%。The extraction rate of corn silk ultrafiltration polysaccharide is 6.93%, and its polysaccharide content is 35.57%.
实施例4Example 4
免疫调节作用研究Immunomodulatory research
颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,无菌条件下取脾,置于100目灭菌不锈钢筛网上,用注射器内塞将脾研碎,过筛,用PBS冲洗网筛2-3遍,脾细胞的悬液转入无菌的离心管中,再加入PBS至30-40 mL,400 G离心6 min,收集细胞,在室温下加NH4Cl溶液(1.5 mL/只),不断枪打或摇晃混匀细胞10分钟,以裂解红细胞,加PBS至30-40 mL,400 G离心5 min,去上清,加入少量RPMI1640培养基细胞计数仪计数后,用RPMI1640稀释细胞悬液至2×106个/mL。取180 μL细胞悬浮液加至96孔板中,分别加入20 μL的不同的样品和阳性对照植物血凝素,阴性对照PBS。在37℃和5% CO2 的条件下培养3天后,用ELISA自动读板仪分别测定570 nm 和 600 nm 的吸光度,加入20 μL Alamar Blue显色剂,培养6-8小时,再次测定570 nm 和 600 nm 的吸光度,然后根据Alamer Blue Assay给的公式计算各样品对淋巴细胞的激活率。The mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the spleen was taken out under aseptic conditions, placed on a 100-mesh sterilized stainless steel screen, the spleen was ground with a syringe plug, sieved, and the screen was rinsed with PBS 2-3 times. The suspension of spleen cells Transfer to a sterile centrifuge tube, then add PBS to 30-40 mL, centrifuge at 400 G for 6 min, collect the cells, add NH4 Cl solution (1.5 mL/cell) at room temperature, and mix the cells by gunning or shaking continuously 10 minutes to lyse red blood cells, add PBS to 30-40 mL, centrifuge at 400 G for 5 minutes, remove the supernatant, add a small amount of RPMI1640 medium and count with a cell counter, dilute the cell suspension with RPMI1640 to 2×106 cells/mL . Take 180 μL of cell suspension and add it to a 96-well plate, add 20 μL of different samples and positive control lectin, and negative control PBS. After culturing for 3 days at 37°C and 5% CO2 , measure the absorbance at 570 nm and 600 nm with an ELISA automatic plate reader, add 20 μL of Alamar Blue color reagent, incubate for 6-8 hours, and measure the absorbance at 570 nm again and the absorbance at 600 nm, and then calculate the activation rate of each sample to lymphocytes according to the formula given by Alamer Blue Assay.
淋巴细胞增殖率(%)=[117216×Aλ570(sample)-80586×Aλ600(sample)]Lymphocyte proliferation rate (%)=[117216×Aλ 570(sample)-80586×Aλ 600(sample)]
/[117216×Aλ570(control)-80586×Aλ600(control)]×100%;/[117216×Aλ 570(control)-80586×Aλ 600(control)]×100%;
实验结果显示,在低浓度(50 μg/mL)时,增值率为138%;当浓度增加到200 μg/mL增值率达到211%;继续增加浓度至500 μg/mL时,增值率达到297%(阳性对照60 μg/mL植物凝聚素增值率306%)。表明超滤法制备的玉米须粗多糖具有较高的刺激淋巴细胞增殖作用,且呈现剂量依赖性。The experimental results show that at a low concentration (50 μg/mL), the value-added rate is 138%; when the concentration increases to 200 μg/mL, the value-added rate reaches 211%; when the concentration continues to increase to 500 μg/mL, the value-added rate reaches 297% (Positive control 60 μg/mL phytocondensin has a value-added rate of 306%). It indicated that corn silk crude polysaccharide prepared by ultrafiltration had a high effect of stimulating lymphocyte proliferation, and it was dose-dependent.
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| CN201510452877.9ACN104961842B (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2015-07-29 | A kind of preparation method of the corn stigma ultrafiltration polysaccharide with immunoregulation effect |
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| CN201510452877.9ACN104961842B (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2015-07-29 | A kind of preparation method of the corn stigma ultrafiltration polysaccharide with immunoregulation effect |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN109456418A (en)* | 2019-01-17 | 2019-03-12 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | A kind of activity Tongkat Ali polysaccharide and preparation method |
| CN116715783A (en)* | 2023-05-25 | 2023-09-08 | 佳木斯大学 | Corn polysaccharide zinc complex and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN101748173A (en)* | 2009-12-03 | 2010-06-23 | 渤海大学 | Corn silk polysaccharide separation and decoloring method |
| CN102504039A (en)* | 2011-11-16 | 2012-06-20 | 安徽师范大学 | Extraction process of black corn silk polysaccharide |
| CN103012614A (en)* | 2012-12-29 | 2013-04-03 | 保龄宝生物股份有限公司 | Extraction method of corn husk active polysaccharide |
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| CN101397346A (en)* | 2008-09-17 | 2009-04-01 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for preparing asparagus pure polysaccharide having immunoregulation role |
| CN101658528A (en)* | 2009-09-25 | 2010-03-03 | 吉林化工学院 | Application of corn silk polysaccharide on preparation of medicine for curing hyperlipidemia |
| CN101748173A (en)* | 2009-12-03 | 2010-06-23 | 渤海大学 | Corn silk polysaccharide separation and decoloring method |
| CN102504039A (en)* | 2011-11-16 | 2012-06-20 | 安徽师范大学 | Extraction process of black corn silk polysaccharide |
| CN103012614A (en)* | 2012-12-29 | 2013-04-03 | 保龄宝生物股份有限公司 | Extraction method of corn husk active polysaccharide |
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| CN107050043A (en)* | 2017-05-28 | 2017-08-18 | 绍兴文理学院 | A kind of corn silk polysaccharide combined pharmaceutical preparation |
| CN109456418A (en)* | 2019-01-17 | 2019-03-12 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | A kind of activity Tongkat Ali polysaccharide and preparation method |
| CN109456418B (en)* | 2019-01-17 | 2020-10-27 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | A kind of active Tongkat Ali polysaccharide and preparation method thereof |
| CN116715783A (en)* | 2023-05-25 | 2023-09-08 | 佳木斯大学 | Corn polysaccharide zinc complex and preparation method and application thereof |
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