[技术领域][technical field]
本发明属于水污染治理领域,具体是涉及一种社会经济-生态环境复合系统视角下的富营养化调控技术。The invention belongs to the field of water pollution control, and in particular relates to a eutrophication control technology from the perspective of a social economy-ecological environment composite system.
[背景技术][Background technique]
对水体富营养化状况进行有效调控是水污染治理的一项基本工作,也是水环境保护的一项重要需求。作为营养元素和水分运输的重要载体,植被在湖泊等的水体营养程度调节中至关重要,常常作为水环境生态修复的重要措施。然而,在以往湖泊富营养化治理技术中,主要存在两个不足:1)多从湖泊终端治理的角度来调控水体富营养化,而针对富营养化水体的终端处理技术,由于涉及的反馈关系复杂,植被的生长状态和水体的富营养化状态之间反馈关系和过程仍较为模糊,导致富营养化调控重点不明确;2)人类社会经济活动产生过量的N、P,对湖泊环境安全存在胁迫,加速了湖泊富营养化进程,但是胁迫程度如何量化尚无公认的方法和技术,因而也使社会经济用水和污水的定量管理受到限制,难以从根本上实现水环境改善和生态修复的目标。鉴于此,对湖泊富营养化的有效调控需要从控制社会经济活动产生的N、P输入着手,选取植被覆盖指数作为植被生长状态的量化表征,通过耦合社会经济用水影响N、P总量变化和水体中N、P总量变化对植被覆盖指数的影响分析,通过植被覆盖指数指示社会经济用水产生N、P是否适量,在此基础上调整用水结构,实现富营养化的源头调控。因此,从社会经济-生态环境复合系统的视角,将社会经济方面水量动态变化-污染物来源动态变化-植被生长状态变化考虑成一个复合系统动态过程,通过明确社会经济用水影响富营养化的动力学过程、植被与水体富营养化之间的反馈关系和过程,依据植被覆盖指数的适宜范围来调控社会经济用水结构及与水体水质相互影响的内在反馈过程,在此基础上制定一个能治本的富营养化调控方案是水污染治理领域一个亟待解决的问题。Effective control of water eutrophication is a basic task of water pollution control and an important requirement of water environment protection. As an important carrier of nutrient elements and water transport, vegetation plays an important role in the regulation of nutrient levels in lakes and other water bodies, and is often used as an important measure for ecological restoration of water environments. However, in the past lake eutrophication control technologies, there are two main deficiencies: 1) Water eutrophication is mostly regulated from the perspective of lake terminal treatment, while terminal treatment technologies for eutrophic water bodies, due to the feedback relationship involved Complex, the feedback relationship and process between the growth state of vegetation and the eutrophication state of the water body are still relatively vague, resulting in unclear focus on the regulation of eutrophication; The stress has accelerated the process of lake eutrophication, but there is no recognized method and technology to quantify the degree of stress, which also restricts the quantitative management of socio-economic water and sewage, making it difficult to fundamentally achieve the goals of water environment improvement and ecological restoration . In view of this, the effective regulation of lake eutrophication needs to start from controlling the input of N and P generated by social and economic activities, select the vegetation coverage index as the quantitative representation of vegetation growth state, and influence the total changes of N and P and Analysis of the impact of changes in the total amount of N and P in the water body on the vegetation cover index. The vegetation cover index indicates whether the amount of N and P produced by social and economic water is appropriate. On this basis, the water structure is adjusted to realize the source control of eutrophication. Therefore, from the perspective of the socioeconomic-ecological environment complex system, the dynamic change of water volume in terms of socioeconomic aspects - the dynamic change of pollutant sources - the change of vegetation growth state is considered as a dynamic process of a complex system, and by clarifying the dynamics of socioeconomic water use affecting eutrophication The ecological process, the feedback relationship and process between vegetation and water body eutrophication, according to the appropriate range of vegetation coverage index to regulate the internal feedback process of social and economic water use structure and the interaction with water quality, on this basis, formulate a permanent cure Eutrophication control scheme is an urgent problem in the field of water pollution control.
[发明内容][Content of the invention]
针对现有的生态系统中植被的生长状态和水体的富营养化状态之间反馈关系和过程仍较为模糊,且不能从社会经济用水这一产生富营养化的源头进行水质调控,从而导致富营养化调控效果不佳的问题,本发明提供了一种社会经济-生态环境复合系统视角下基于植被覆盖对水质响应的富营养化调控技术,该技术采用系统动力学方法将植被覆盖指数和社会经济用水造成水体富营养化这一响应关系结合起来,不仅能通过植被覆盖指数的适宜范围指示社会经 济用水产生N、P量是否适量,还能揭示植被覆盖程度与水体富营养化状态之间的动态反馈过程,指出重点调控因子并模拟相应的关键动态过程,因而有针对性地对社会经济用水结构的调整提出建议方案,为水体富营养化的高效调控提供有效指导。The feedback relationship and process between the growth state of vegetation in the existing ecosystem and the eutrophication state of the water body are still relatively vague, and water quality cannot be regulated from the source of eutrophication, which is socio-economic water use, resulting in eutrophication. In order to solve the problem of poor eutrophication control effect, the present invention provides a eutrophication control technology based on the response of vegetation coverage to water quality from the perspective of socio-economic-ecological environment composite system. The combination of the response relationship of water eutrophication caused by water use can not only indicate whether the amount of N and P produced by water used by society and economy is appropriate through the appropriate range of vegetation coverage index, but also reveal the relationship between vegetation coverage and water eutrophication. The dynamic feedback process points out the key regulation factors and simulates the corresponding key dynamic process, thus puts forward suggestions for the adjustment of the socio-economic water structure in a targeted manner, and provides effective guidance for the efficient regulation of water eutrophication.
本发明解决这些技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:首先,明确植被覆盖对水体富营养化过程的响应关系;其次,建立揭示植被覆盖和水体富营养化过程的系统动力学模型。在建模过程中,确定影响水体富营养化的各个因素的相关变化过程;再次,验证所建系统动力学模型,并运用其来分析影响水体富营养化状态的关键因子和重要过程;最后,根据系统动力学模型的分析结果和植被覆盖与水体富营养化状态的响应关系来使水体富营养化指标能满足特定条件的适宜范围,从而最终为水体富营养化的高效调控提供指导。其具体的步骤如下:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve these technical problems is as follows: firstly, the response relationship between vegetation coverage and water body eutrophication process is clarified; secondly, a system dynamics model for revealing vegetation coverage and water body eutrophication process is established. During the modeling process, determine the relevant change process of various factors affecting the eutrophication of the water body; thirdly, verify the system dynamics model built, and use it to analyze the key factors and important processes that affect the eutrophication state of the water body; finally, According to the analysis results of the system dynamics model and the response relationship between vegetation coverage and water body eutrophication, the water body eutrophication index can meet the appropriate range of specific conditions, and finally provide guidance for the efficient regulation of water body eutrophication. The specific steps are as follows:
1)收集植被覆盖指数(NDVI)与水体富营养化指标(TN浓度和TP浓度)的相应数据,建立植被覆盖对水体富营养化过程的响应关系。1) Collect the corresponding data of vegetation coverage index (NDVI) and water body eutrophication index (TN concentration and TP concentration), and establish the response relationship between vegetation coverage and water body eutrophication process.
2)分析水体富营养化的主要来源,来源的主要影响因素及因素的主要影响过程。其中,水体富营养化过程与社会-经济-生态综合系统中水量动态变化过程密切相关。水量过程考虑降雨,蒸发,泄露,沉降,入流量等过程的影响,还有排入的废水量的影响。同时,由于水体还需为外界提供用水,根据供需水的关系,转化为总需水量的核算。此外考虑回用水的过程。在本方法中,需水量、排污量和回用水量主要从工业、农业和生活三个方面来考虑,其次还有生态用水过程。2) Analyze the main source of water eutrophication, the main influencing factors of the source and the main influencing process of the factors. Among them, the eutrophication process of water body is closely related to the dynamic change process of water quantity in the social-economic-ecological comprehensive system. The water quantity process considers the influence of rainfall, evaporation, leakage, settlement, inflow and other processes, as well as the influence of the amount of wastewater discharged. At the same time, since the water body still needs to provide water for the outside world, according to the relationship between water supply and demand, it is transformed into the calculation of total water demand. Also consider the process of reusing water. In this method, water demand, sewage discharge and reused water are mainly considered from three aspects of industry, agriculture and life, followed by the process of ecological water use.
3)收集步骤2中相应过程的数据,从水量角度构建能反应水体富营养化产生过程的系统动力学模型,并将步骤1)中的植被覆盖指数与水体富营养化指标的响应关系纳入模型中,建立揭示植被覆盖与富营养化之间反馈机制的系统动力学模型。3) Collect the data of the corresponding process in step 2, build a system dynamics model that can reflect the process of water body eutrophication from the perspective of water quantity, and incorporate the response relationship between the vegetation coverage index and water body eutrophication index in step 1) into the model In , a system dynamics model was established to reveal the feedback mechanism between vegetation cover and eutrophication.
4)实例验证所建系统动力学模型,并进行敏感性分析,分析影响水体富营养化状态的关键因子和重要过程。运用所建系统动力学模型进行情景分析和预测,提出调控水体富营养化的建议方案。即,在社会-经济-生态系统联合作用下,通过对由模型确定的其中的关键因子影响水体富营养化程度的最重要过程进行调控,为水体富营养化的高效调控提供指导。4) The established system dynamics model is verified by examples, and sensitivity analysis is carried out to analyze the key factors and important processes affecting the eutrophication state of water bodies. The established system dynamics model is used for scenario analysis and prediction, and proposals for regulating eutrophication of water bodies are put forward. That is, under the combined action of society-economy-ecosystem, by regulating the most important process determined by the model in which the key factors affect the degree of water eutrophication, it provides guidance for the efficient regulation of water eutrophication.
本发明具有两个优点:1)通过将社会经济方面水量动态变化-污染物来源动态变化-植被生长状态变化考虑成一个复合系统动态过程,揭示富营养化形成的系统动力过程;2)通过调控影响其内在反馈机制的关键因子及其关键过程,能从源头上系统地调节富营养化状态,相比以往的针对湖泊TN、TP浓度控制的物理、生物、化学处理技术,本技术由于考虑了社会经济用水对产生富营养化的影响,从长远来看更能从根本上调控富营养化问题。The present invention has two advantages: 1) By considering the dynamic change of water volume in socio-economic aspects - the dynamic change of pollutant sources - the change of vegetation growth state into a dynamic process of a composite system, revealing the system dynamic process of eutrophication formation; 2) by regulating The key factors and key processes affecting its internal feedback mechanism can systematically regulate the eutrophication state from the source. The impact of social and economic water use on eutrophication can fundamentally control eutrophication in the long run.
[具体实施方式][Detailed ways]
以下详细说明本发明的工作原理和实施方式:The working principle and implementation mode of the present invention are described in detail below:
1.收集某湖泊植被覆盖指数(NDVI)与水体富营养化指标(TN浓度和TP浓度)的相应数据,建立植被覆盖对水体富营养化过程的响应关系。经过不同生长期植被覆盖条件与TN和TP浓度之间关系的探索,发现只有植被生长期植被覆盖指数与单独TN浓度或TP浓度,以及与富营养化状态(TN和TP浓度)之间有明确的响应关系。1. Collect the corresponding data of vegetation cover index (NDVI) and water body eutrophication index (TN concentration and TP concentration) of a lake, and establish the response relationship between vegetation coverage and water body eutrophication process. After exploring the relationship between vegetation coverage conditions in different growth periods and TN and TP concentrations, it was found that only the vegetation coverage index in the vegetation growth period had a clear relationship with TN concentration or TP concentration alone, and with eutrophication status (TN and TP concentrations). response relationship.
2.分析水体富营养化的主要来源,来源的主要影响因素及因素的主要影响过程。按照发明内容中具体步骤2中所分析,建立该湖泊的主要反馈过程的逻辑图,如图1所示。利用湖泊的水量来推算湖泊TN、TP的浓度,从而在水质水量间建立联系。而水量主要可分为农业、工业和生活三方面。这三方面水量的流入流出过程主要通过废水、回用水来计算,而废水、回用水直接又可以通过需水来求得。需水计算方面,如农业方面,可通过农业面积与单位面积需水量来计算。另外,考虑降水、蒸发、下渗等过程,如此将整个系统联系成为一个有机整体。模型运行中使用的主要等式如下:2. Analyze the main source of water eutrophication, the main influencing factors of the source and the main influencing process of the factors. According to the analysis in the specific step 2 in the summary of the invention, a logic diagram of the main feedback process of the lake is established, as shown in FIG. 1 . Use the water quantity of the lake to calculate the concentration of TN and TP in the lake, so as to establish a relationship between water quality and quantity. The amount of water can be mainly divided into three aspects: agriculture, industry and life. The inflow and outflow process of these three aspects of water is mainly calculated through waste water and reused water, and waste water and reused water can be obtained directly through water demand. In terms of water demand calculation, such as agriculture, it can be calculated by agricultural area and water demand per unit area. In addition, processes such as precipitation, evaporation, and infiltration are considered, so that the entire system is connected as an organic whole. The main equations used in the model run are as follows:
1)响应方程: 1) Response equation:
NDVI=f(CTN,CTP) (1) NDVI=f(CTN,CTP) (1)
式中,CTN是水体中总氮的浓度;CTP是水体中总磷的浓度;NDVI是植被覆盖指数。In the formula, CTN is the concentration of total nitrogen in the water body; CTP is the concentration of total phosphorus in the water body; NDVI is the vegetation cover index.
2)水环境系统: 2) Water environment system:
E=AW+DW+IW (2) E=AW+DW+IW (2)
W(I,A,D)=R(2,4,6)*WD(T,A,D) (3) W(I, A, D) = R(2, 4, 6) * WD(T, A, D) (3)
式中,E是排污总量;AW是农业废水排放量;DW是生活废水排放总量;IW是工业废水排放总量;W(I,A,D)分别指工业废水排放量、农业废水排放量和生活废水排放量;R(2,4,6)分别指工业废水排放率、农业废水排放率和生活废水排放量率;WD(I,A,D)分别指工业需水量、农业需水量和居民生活需水量。In the formula, E is the total discharge of sewage; AW is the discharge of agricultural wastewater; DW is the total discharge of domestic wastewater; IW is the total discharge of industrial wastewater; W(I, A, D) refers to the discharge of industrial wastewater and the discharge of agricultural wastewater and domestic wastewater discharge; R(2,4,6) refer to industrial wastewater discharge rate, agricultural wastewater discharge rate and domestic wastewater discharge rate respectively; WD(I, A, D) refer to industrial water demand, agricultural water demand and residential water needs.
3)供水子系统: 3) Water supply subsystem:
WS=TWD (4) WS=TWD (4)
式中,WS是总供水量,TWD是总需水量。where WS is the total water supply and TWD is the total water demand.
4)需水子系统: 4) Water demand subsystem:
TWD=IWD+DWD+AWD+EWD-ARW-DRW-IRW (5) TWD=IWD+DWD+AWD+EWD-ARW-DRW-IRW (5)
IWD=IV*IWDPM (6) IWD=IV*IWDPM (6)
DWD=P*DWDPC (7) DWD=P*DWDPC (7)
AWD=BWD+CWD+WWD+RWD (8) AWD=BWD+CWD+WWD+RWD (8)
WD(B,C,W,R)=WDPH(B,C,W,R)*LA (9) WD(B, C, W, R) = WDPH(B, C, W, R) *LA (9)
式中,IWD、DWD、AWD、EWD、ARW、DRW和IRW分别是工业需水量、居民生活需水量、农业需水量、生态需水量、农业退水量、生活回用水量和工业回用水量;IV是工业总产值,IWDPM是百万元工业产值用水量;P为人口数,DWDPC是人均居民需水量;BWD、CWD、WWD和RWD分别是高粱地、玉米地、小麦地和大米地的需水量;WD(B,C,W,R)分别是BWD、CWD、WWD和RWD的缩写;WDPH(B,C,W,R)分别是高粱地、玉米地、小麦地和大米地的单位面积需水量,LA为其面积。In the formula, IWD, DWD, AWD, EWD, ARW, DRW and IRW are respectively industrial water demand, residential water demand, agricultural water demand, ecological water demand, agricultural water regression, domestic water reuse and industrial water reuse; IV is the total industrial output value, IWDPM is the water consumption per million yuan of industrial output value; P is the population, DWDPC is the water demand per capita of residents; BWD, CWD, WWD and RWD are the water demand of sorghum field, corn field, wheat field and rice field respectively ; WD(B, C, W, R) are the abbreviations of BWD, CWD, WWD and RWD respectively; Water volume, LA is its area.
5)回用水子系统:5) Water reuse subsystem:
RW(I,A,D)=R(1,3,5)*WD(I,A,D) (10) RW(I, A, D) = R(1, 3, 5) * WD(I, A, D) (10)
式中,RW(I,A,D)是IRW、ARW、DRW的缩写;WD(I,A,D)分别是IWD、AWD和DWD的缩写;R(1,3,5)分别是工业废水回用率、农业回用水率和居民用水回用率。In the formula, RW (I, A, D) is the abbreviation of IRW, ARW, DRW; WD (I, A, D) is the abbreviation of IWD, AWD and DWD respectively; R (1, 3, 5) is the industrial wastewater Reuse rate, agricultural water reuse rate and residential water reuse rate.
6)敏感性方程 6) Sensitivity equation
式中,i=2,4,6,分别指ratio 2,ratio 4和ratio 6,即工业废水排放率、农业废水排放率和生活废水排放量率;j代表年份2001,2002,…,2010;Φ是敏感指数,指当年与前一年NDVI与某ratio的比值;ΔNDVI表示当年与前一年NDVI的差值;Δratio表示当年与前一年ratio的差值。In the formula, i=2, 4, 6, respectively refer to ratio 2, ratio 4 and ratio 6, that is, industrial wastewater discharge rate, agricultural wastewater discharge rate and domestic wastewater discharge rate; j represents the year 2001, 2002, ..., 2010; Φ is the sensitivity index, which refers to the ratio of NDVI to a certain ratio between the current year and the previous year; ΔNDVI represents the difference between the current year and the previous year's NDVI; Δratio represents the difference between the current year and the previous year's ratio.
3.收集图1中该湖泊相应因素及其过程的数据,如供水量、需水量、降雨量、蒸发,下降、泄露、流入流量、流出流量,TN和TP在湖泊水体中的浓度、沉降速率、排入外来污水中的浓度,湖泊底泥中的浓度等,结合1中的相应关系,建立系统动力学模型,如图2所示。由模型模拟可知各个因子的动态变化过程。如农业需水量由于农田量较为固定,故其需水量变动不太大。而随着人口增加,居民生活需水量在逐年增加。同时,随着企业的增加,工业产值增加,工业需水量也逐年增加。在居民生活需水量、工业需水量增加的同时,白洋淀为外界供水增加,同时,白洋淀排入的污染物也在逐年增加,这样,湖泊内营养化状况发生变化,也引起了植被覆盖状况的改变。3. Collect data on the corresponding factors and processes of the lake in Figure 1, such as water supply, water demand, rainfall, evaporation, drop, leakage, inflow, outflow, concentration of TN and TP in the lake water, and sedimentation rate , the concentration in the discharged sewage, the concentration in the lake sediment, etc., combined with the corresponding relationship in 1, the system dynamics model is established, as shown in Figure 2. The dynamic change process of each factor can be known from the model simulation. For example, the agricultural water demand does not change too much because the amount of farmland is relatively fixed. With the increase of population, the water demand of residents is increasing year by year. At the same time, with the increase of enterprises and the increase of industrial output value, the industrial water demand is also increasing year by year. While the domestic water demand and industrial water demand are increasing, Baiyang Lake supplies more water to the outside world. At the same time, the pollutants discharged into Baiyang Lake are also increasing year by year. In this way, the nutrient status of the lake changes, which also causes changes in vegetation coverage. .
4.实例验证所建系统动力学模型,并进行敏感性分析,分析影响水体富营养化状态的关 键因子和重要过程,运用所建系统动力学模型进行情景分析和预测,提出调控水体富营养化的建议方案。由模型模拟可知,废水排放率这一因子较回用水率对植被覆盖程度更为敏感。而在农业、工业和生活三方面废水排放率中,由于本区域主要为农业区,因而在本湖泊中以农业废水排放率这一因子最为敏感。因此,在本湖泊富营养化调控过程中,应着重调控废水排放量这一因素,同时,应以农业排放源为主,重点就废水排放区域和站点进行严格监控,从而使调控变得更加快捷有效。4. The system dynamics model built is verified by examples, and sensitivity analysis is carried out to analyze the key factors and important processes that affect the eutrophication state of the water body. The built system dynamics model is used to conduct scenario analysis and prediction, and proposed to regulate the eutrophication of the water body. customized proposals. It can be seen from the model simulation that the factor of wastewater discharge rate is more sensitive to vegetation coverage than water reuse rate. Among the discharge rates of agricultural, industrial and domestic wastewater, the agricultural wastewater discharge rate is the most sensitive factor in this lake because this area is mainly an agricultural area. Therefore, in the process of regulating the eutrophication of this lake, we should focus on the regulation of wastewater discharge. At the same time, we should focus on agricultural discharge sources, and focus on strict monitoring of wastewater discharge areas and stations, so that the regulation becomes faster. efficient.
实施例Example
由于该湖泊TN、TP浓度较高,致使富营养化问题突出,通过本技术方法,从工业、农业和居民生活三个方面,考虑需水量,排污量和回用水量,并结合生态用水量的因素,建立了能揭示植被覆盖与富营养化之间反馈机制的系统动力学模型,明确富营养化过程的重点调控因子和关键过程是农业方面的废水排放过程,在提出的相应水体富营养化建议方案下,该湖泊调控区域的TN、TP浓度结果如下表所示:Due to the high concentration of TN and TP in the lake, the problem of eutrophication is prominent. Through this technical method, from the three aspects of industry, agriculture and residents' life, water demand, sewage discharge and reuse water are considered, and the ecological water consumption is combined. Factors, established a system dynamics model that can reveal the feedback mechanism between vegetation coverage and eutrophication, and clarified that the key regulatory factors and key processes of the eutrophication process are the wastewater discharge process in agriculture. In the proposed corresponding water eutrophication Under the proposed scheme, the results of TN and TP concentrations in the regulation area of the lake are shown in the table below:
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施实例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred implementation examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是一种社会经济-生态环境复合系统视角下富营养化调控技术的概念模型图,该图揭示了涉及的主要影响因素及其影响过程。图2是基于系统动力学方法的富营养化和植被覆盖反馈响应的调控技术模型图,其中图(a)部分是TN浓度、TP浓度与NDVI指数的主要响应模块,图(b)部分是水量水质的主要反馈过程。Figure 1 is a conceptual model diagram of eutrophication regulation technology from the perspective of socioeconomic-ecological environment complex system, which reveals the main influencing factors and their influencing process. Figure 2 is a diagram of the regulation technology model of eutrophication and vegetation cover feedback response based on the system dynamics method, in which part (a) of the figure is the main response module of TN concentration, TP concentration and NDVI index, and part (b) of the figure is the water quantity The main feedback process for water quality.
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| CN201510149723.2ACN104933289A (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2015-04-01 | Entrophication control technique from the perspective of complex system of social economy-ecological environment |
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| CN201510149723.2ACN104933289A (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2015-04-01 | Entrophication control technique from the perspective of complex system of social economy-ecological environment |
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