技术领域technical field
本发明属于天线技术与无线通信领域，涉及一种超高频宽带圆极化RFID阅读器天线。The invention belongs to the field of antenna technology and wireless communication, and relates to an ultra-high frequency broadband circularly polarized RFID reader antenna.
背景技术Background technique
射频识别即RFID（Radio Frequency Identification）技术，可用于标识物品及跟踪，是一种非接触式的自动识别技术。由于探测距离长、阅读速度快和数据传输效率高的优点，RFID技术在超高频（UHF）频段的应用很多，而各个国家和地区的UHF频段都不相同，如中国的为840 ~ 845 MHz和920~ 925 MHz，欧州为866 ~ 869 MHz，澳大利亚为920 ~ 926MHz, 新加坡的为866 ~ 869 MHz和869 ~ 925 MHz，美国的为902 ~ 928 MHz，日本的为952~ 955 MHz。Radio frequency identification is RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, which can be used to identify items and track them. It is a non-contact automatic identification technology. Due to the advantages of long detection distance, fast reading speed and high data transmission efficiency, RFID technology is widely used in ultra-high frequency (UHF) frequency bands, and UHF frequency bands are different in various countries and regions, such as 840 ~ 845 MHz in China and 920~925 MHz, 866~869 MHz in Europe, 920~926MHz in Australia, 866~869 MHz and 869~925 MHz in Singapore, 902~928 MHz in the United States, and 952~955 MHz in Japan.
RFID阅读器天线作为RFID系统的重要组成部分，它的性能将极大地影响整个RFID系统的效率与质量。影响RFID阅读器天线的主要因素包括天线的尺寸、工作频段、带宽、阻抗、增益及极化方式。As an important part of the RFID system, the RFID reader antenna's performance will greatly affect the efficiency and quality of the entire RFID system. The main factors affecting the RFID reader antenna include the size of the antenna, operating frequency band, bandwidth, impedance, gain and polarization.
大多数现有的圆极化超高频RFID阅读器天线的工作频段仅能满足中国标准、美国标准、欧洲标准等标准中的一种，无法同时覆盖所有标准的工作频段。The operating frequency bands of most existing circularly polarized UHF RFID reader antennas can only meet one of the standards such as Chinese standards, American standards, and European standards, and cannot cover all standard operating frequency bands at the same time.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种超高频宽带圆极化RFID阅读器天线。The object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-high frequency broadband circularly polarized RFID reader antenna for the deficiencies of the prior art.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：一种超高频宽带圆极化RFID阅读器天线，包括基底，所述基底为正方形，在基底的上表面打印有第一铜贴片，所述第一铜贴片为正方形环状结构，在第一铜贴片的四个顶角处，沿对角线方向向内分别延伸出四块尺寸相同的矩形第二铜贴片；在基底的下表面打印矩形第三铜贴片和倒L型第四铜贴片，所述第三铜贴片的一端位于基底的一侧边的中点，另一端连接第四铜贴片。当第二铜贴片的长度变长时，天线的谐振频率随之降低，工作带宽随之减小。The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a UHF broadband circularly polarized RFID reader antenna, including a base, the base is a square, and the first copper patch is printed on the upper surface of the base, so The first copper patch is a square ring structure, at the four corners of the first copper patch, four rectangular second copper patches of the same size are respectively extended inward along the diagonal direction; The lower surface is printed with a rectangular third copper patch and an inverted L-shaped fourth copper patch. One end of the third copper patch is located at the midpoint of one side of the substrate, and the other end is connected to the fourth copper patch. When the length of the second copper patch becomes longer, the resonant frequency of the antenna decreases accordingly, and the working bandwidth decreases accordingly.
进一步地，所述第一铜贴片的内边长为80mm，第二铜贴片的长度为26.9mm；倒L型第四铜贴片沿第三铜贴片方向的长为20.9mm，宽为33.7mm，垂直于第三铜贴片方向的长为16.6mm，宽为13.3mm。Further, the inner side length of the first copper patch is 80mm, the length of the second copper patch is 26.9mm; the length of the inverted L-shaped fourth copper patch along the direction of the third copper patch is 20.9mm, and the width is 33.7mm, the length perpendicular to the direction of the third copper patch is 16.6mm, and the width is 13.3mm.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的RFID天线尺寸为100mm×100mm×1.5mm，可用于RFID阅读器中。天线具有宽阻抗带宽，其-10 dB阻抗带宽为772-1166 MHz。天线具有宽轴比带宽，其最大增益方向的3dB轴比带宽为840-965 MHz ，可以覆盖美洲、欧洲、日本、中国、印度、韩国、新加坡、香港、台湾、澳大利亚的超高频RFID工作频段。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the size of the RFID antenna of the present invention is 100mm×100mm×1.5mm, and can be used in RFID readers. The antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth, and its -10 dB impedance bandwidth is 772-1166 MHz. The antenna has a wide axial ratio bandwidth, and its 3dB axial ratio bandwidth in the direction of maximum gain is 840-965 MHz, which can cover UHF RFID working frequency bands in America, Europe, Japan, China, India, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Australia .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为天线的整体结构俯视图；Figure 1 is a top view of the overall structure of the antenna;
图2为天线的整体结构仰视图；Figure 2 is a bottom view of the overall structure of the antenna;
图3为天线的阻抗带宽的仿真和测试结果图；Fig. 3 is the simulation and test result figure of the impedance bandwidth of antenna;
图4为天线最大增益方向轴比带宽的仿真和测试结果图；Fig. 4 is the simulation and test result diagram of the axial ratio bandwidth of the maximum gain direction of the antenna;
图5为天线左旋圆极化增益的仿真和测试结果图；Fig. 5 is the simulation and test result graph of antenna left-handed circular polarization gain;
图中，基底1、第一铜贴片2、第二铜贴片3、第三铜贴片4、第四铜贴片5。In the figure, a substrate 1 , a first copper patch 2 , a second copper patch 3 , a third copper patch 4 , and a fourth copper patch 5 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1、2所示，本发明一种超高频宽带圆极化RFID阅读器天线，包括基底1，所述基底1为正方形，在基底1的上表面打印有第一铜贴片2，所述第一铜贴片2为正方形环状结构，在第一铜贴片2的四个顶角处，沿对角线方向向内分别延伸出四块尺寸相同的矩形第二铜贴片3；在基底1的下表面打印矩形第三铜贴片4和倒L型第四铜贴片5，所述第三铜贴片4的一端位于基底1的一侧边的中点，另一端连接第四铜贴片5。当第二铜贴片的长度变长时，天线的谐振频率随之降低，工作带宽随之减小。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a UHF broadband circularly polarized RFID reader antenna of the present invention includes a base 1, the base 1 is a square, and the upper surface of the base 1 is printed with a first copper patch 2, The first copper patch 2 is a square ring structure, and at the four corners of the first copper patch 2, four rectangular second copper patches 3 of the same size are respectively extended inward along the diagonal direction. ; Print a rectangular third copper patch 4 and an inverted L-shaped fourth copper patch 5 on the lower surface of the substrate 1, one end of the third copper patch 4 is located at the midpoint of one side of the substrate 1, and the other end is connected to The fourth copper patch 5 . When the length of the second copper patch becomes longer, the resonant frequency of the antenna decreases accordingly, and the working bandwidth decreases accordingly.
实施例Example
RFID阅读器天线尺寸为100mm×100mm×1.5mm；第一铜贴片2的内边长为80mm，第二铜贴片3的长度为26.9mm；倒L型第四铜贴片5沿50 Ω微带线第三铜贴片4方向的长为20.9mm，宽为33.7mm，垂直于第三铜贴片4方向的长为16.6mm，宽为13.3mm。The size of the RFID reader antenna is 100mm×100mm×1.5mm; the inner side length of the first copper patch 2 is 80mm, and the length of the second copper patch 3 is 26.9mm; the edge of the fourth copper patch 5 is inverted L-shaped 50 Ω The length of the third copper patch 4 of the microstrip line is 20.9mm long and 33.7mm wide, and the length perpendicular to the third copper patch 4 is 16.6mm long and 13.3mm wide.
本发明的工作过程如下：本发明是一种槽天线。基底1上表面的无覆铜区构成一槽状辐射体。引入第二铜贴片3，可以大幅度增加无覆铜区的周长，从而降低槽天线的谐振频率，进而减小天线的尺寸。基底下表面的第三铜贴片4为一50 Ω微带线，第四铜贴片5为倒L型馈电结构。外接的50 Ω微带线的微带部分或50 Ω SMA接头的内导体从侧面连接第三铜贴片4。外接的50 Ω微带线的金属地部分或50 Ω SMA接头的外导体从侧面连接第一铜贴片2。射频信号经由外接的50 Ω微带线或50 Ω SMA接头馈送至第三铜贴片4。第三铜贴片4将信号进一步传输至第四铜贴片5。第四铜贴片5通过耦合馈电，将信号的能量馈送至基底上表面。能量在上表面的无覆铜区内产生谐振，向外辐射信号。由于第四铜贴片5为倒L型结构，能够产生两个方向相互垂直的电流，进而使得天线辐射场具有正交的电场分量。适当地调节第四铜贴片5两个臂的长和宽，可以使辐射的电场具有相同的振幅和90°相位差，从而产生圆极化辐射。The working process of the present invention is as follows: the present invention is a slot antenna. The copper-free area on the upper surface of the substrate 1 constitutes a slot-shaped radiator. The introduction of the second copper patch 3 can greatly increase the perimeter of the copper-free area, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the slot antenna, thereby reducing the size of the antenna. The third copper patch 4 on the lower surface of the substrate is a 50Ω microstrip line, and the fourth copper patch 5 is an inverted L-shaped feed structure. The microstrip part of the externally connected 50Ω microstrip line or the inner conductor of the 50Ω SMA connector is connected to the third copper patch 4 from the side. The metal ground part of the external 50Ω microstrip line or the outer conductor of the 50Ω SMA connector is connected to the first copper patch 2 from the side. The radio frequency signal is fed to the third copper patch 4 via an external 50 Ω microstrip line or a 50 Ω SMA connector. The third copper patch 4 further transmits the signal to the fourth copper patch 5 . The fourth copper patch 5 feeds the energy of the signal to the upper surface of the substrate through coupling feeding. The energy resonates in the copper-free area on the upper surface and radiates the signal outward. Since the fourth copper patch 5 has an inverted L-shaped structure, it can generate currents in two directions perpendicular to each other, so that the radiation field of the antenna has orthogonal electric field components. Properly adjusting the length and width of the two arms of the fourth copper patch 5 can make the radiated electric field have the same amplitude and 90° phase difference, thereby generating circularly polarized radiation.
本发明的RFID阅读器天线的优点包括：Advantages of the RFID reader antenna of the present invention include:
（1）成本低且尺寸最小。天线只采用FR4和铜两种天线加工最基础的材料。由于引入了第二铜贴片3，天线尺寸大幅度减小，整个天线尺寸为100mm×100mm×1.5mm，与其他可覆盖所有国家标准的圆极化RFID阅读器天线相比尺寸较小。(1) Low cost and smallest size. The antenna only uses FR4 and copper as the most basic materials for antenna processing. Due to the introduction of the second copper patch 3, the size of the antenna is greatly reduced. The size of the entire antenna is 100mm×100mm×1.5mm, which is smaller than other circularly polarized RFID reader antennas that can cover all national standards.
（2）因为槽的尺寸较传统细槽天线尺寸而言较大，天线的带宽比传统的细槽天线宽，工作频段能够同时满足所有超高频RFID频段。(2) Because the size of the slot is larger than that of the traditional thin-slot antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna is wider than that of the traditional thin-slot antenna, and the working frequency band can meet all UHF RFID frequency bands at the same time.
（3）840.5-955MHz频段工作良好。反射系数均小于-10dB、最大增益方向的轴比带宽均小于3dB，左旋圆极化增益大于2.2 dBic。(3) The 840.5-955MHz frequency band works well. The reflection coefficients are all less than -10dB, the axial ratio bandwidth in the maximum gain direction is all less than 3dB, and the left-handed circular polarization gain is greater than 2.2 dBic.
该天线的测试输入阻抗如图3所示，所测得阻抗在772-1166MHz均与50Ω阻抗传输线匹配良好。天线在最大增益方向的轴比带宽测试结果如图4所示，在840-955MHz时，轴比均小于3dB。天线左旋圆极化增益如图5所示，在840-955MHz时，左旋圆极化增益均大于2.2dBic。The test input impedance of the antenna is shown in Figure 3, and the measured impedance matches well with the 50Ω impedance transmission line at 772-1166MHz. The axial ratio bandwidth test results of the antenna in the direction of maximum gain are shown in Figure 4, and the axial ratios are all less than 3dB at 840-955MHz. The left-handed circular polarization gain of the antenna is shown in Figure 5. At 840-955MHz, the left-handed circular polarization gain is greater than 2.2dBic.
上述实施例是提供给本领域普通技术人员来实现或使用本发明的，本领域普通技术人员可在不脱离本发明的发明思想的情况下，对上述实施例做出种种修改或变化，因而本发明的保护范围并不被上述实施例所限，而应该是符合权利要求书提到的创新性特征的最大范围。The above-mentioned embodiments are provided for those of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various modifications or changes to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the inventive idea of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention The scope of protection of the invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, but should be the maximum scope consistent with the innovative features mentioned in the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510272027.0ACN104916908B (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2015-05-26 | Ultrahigh frequency broadband circular polarisation RFID reader antenna |
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| CN201510107048 | 2015-03-11 | ||
| CN2015101070487 | 2015-03-11 | ||
| CN201510272027.0ACN104916908B (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2015-05-26 | Ultrahigh frequency broadband circular polarisation RFID reader antenna |
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| CN201510272027.0AExpired - Fee RelatedCN104916908B (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2015-05-26 | Ultrahigh frequency broadband circular polarisation RFID reader antenna |
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