技术领域technical field
本发明涉及节理岩体直剪试验技术领域，提供一种适用于节理岩体直剪试验的制样装置和制样剪切装置，还提供使用该制样剪切装置进行制样和剪切试验的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of direct shear test of jointed rock mass, provides a sample preparation device and a sample preparation and shearing device suitable for jointed rock mass direct shear test, and also provides a sample preparation and shearing test using the sample preparation and shearing device Methods.
背景技术Background technique
节理岩体的工程力学参数是进行工程设计的前提和基础，其取值是否合理直接关系到工程的经济性和安全性。The engineering mechanical parameters of jointed rock mass are the premise and foundation of engineering design, and whether the value is reasonable or not is directly related to the economy and safety of the project.
岩体作为长期地质构造运动的产物，包含大量不连续结构面如：断层、节理、层理、裂隙等，这些结构面相互交切形成了特定的岩体结构，岩体介质特有的这种复杂的结构特征，使其工程力学参数的确定变得十分困难。As the product of long-term geological tectonic movement, rock mass contains a large number of discontinuous structural planes such as faults, joints, bedding, fissures, etc. These structural planes intersect each other to form a specific rock mass structure. This complex rock mass medium is unique. Its structural characteristics make it very difficult to determine its engineering mechanical parameters.
长期以来，如何合理地确定节理岩体的工程力学参数一直是岩石力学界广泛关注而又未能很好解决的热点和难点问题。大量工程实践表明，节理岩体的破坏主要表现为岩体内部节理闭合、张开和扩展形成贯通滑移通道的破坏，该破坏模式下节理岩体强度特性及节理和岩桥的变形、破坏发展规律等问题至今仍没有很好地解决。For a long time, how to reasonably determine the engineering mechanical parameters of jointed rock mass has been a hot and difficult problem that has been widely concerned in the field of rock mechanics but has not been well resolved. A large number of engineering practices have shown that the failure of jointed rock mass is mainly manifested in the failure of internal joints in the rock mass to close, open and expand to form through-slip passages. Under this failure mode, the strength characteristics of jointed rock mass and the deformation and failure development of joints and rock bridges Problems such as laws and regulations have not yet been well resolved.
室内直接剪切试验（简称直剪试验）是解决上述问题最直接有效的手段。由于采样的困难，室内试验研究常在类岩石材料试体中预制节理来模拟节理岩体，现有技术中在制作模拟节理岩体中，是采用在模型中插入一定厚度的薄钢片构成模拟节理结构。例如，Reyes，Einstein(1991)在模型中插入厚度为0.25mm的薄钢片，刘远明（2007）在模型中插入厚度0.3mm的薄钢片模拟节理。现有技术在制作节理岩体模型中主要存在以下几个方面问题：Indoor direct shear test (referred to as direct shear test) is the most direct and effective means to solve the above problems. Due to the difficulty of sampling, laboratory experiments often prefabricate joints in rock-like materials to simulate jointed rock mass. In the prior art, in the production of simulated jointed rock mass, a thin steel sheet with a certain thickness is inserted into the model to form a simulated rock mass. joint structure. For example, Reyes and Einstein (1991) inserted a thin steel sheet with a thickness of 0.25 mm into the model, and Liu Yuanming (2007) inserted a thin steel sheet with a thickness of 0.3 mm into the model to simulate joints. The prior art mainly has the following problems in making jointed rock mass models:
（1）预制节理岩体的模具缺少节理定位装置，制模过程中可能造成节理几何形状发生变化；(1) The mold of the prefabricated jointed rock mass lacks a joint positioning device, which may cause changes in the geometry of the joints during the molding process;
（2）现有技术不适合多节理岩体模型的制作；(2) The existing technology is not suitable for the production of multi-joint rock mass models;
（3）现有技术在试验过程中需要对节理岩体试样进行脱模、装样等工序，可能对岩体结构造成损伤，影响试验结果。(3) In the prior art, during the test process, the jointed rock mass sample needs to be demolded and loaded, which may cause damage to the rock mass structure and affect the test results.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于节理岩体直剪试验的制样装置，其能够保证节理几何尺寸的精度，适用于复杂节理岩体试样的制备。The object of the present invention is to provide a sample preparation device suitable for direct shear test of jointed rock mass, which can ensure the accuracy of geometric dimensions of joints and is suitable for the preparation of samples of complex jointed rock mass.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种适用于节理岩体直剪试验的制样剪切装置，其能够保证节理几何尺寸的精度，适用于复杂节理岩体试样的制备，同时可以将该装置转化为剪切装置，从而减少试样因脱模、装样环节造成的影响。Another object of the present invention is to provide a sample preparation and shearing device suitable for jointed rock mass direct shear test, which can ensure the accuracy of joint geometric dimensions, and is suitable for the preparation of complex jointed rock mass samples. Converted into a shearing device, thereby reducing the impact of the sample due to demoulding and sample loading.
本发明的再一个目的在于提供使用上述制样剪切装置进行制样剪切试验的方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for performing a sample preparation shear test using the above sample preparation shearing device.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
一种适用于节理岩体直剪试验的制样装置，其包括一制样组件和一节理成型组件，A sample preparation device suitable for jointed rock mass direct shear test, which includes a sample preparation component and a joint forming component,
该制样组件包括一筒体，该筒体相对的两个侧壁为挡板，每个挡板是包括两个板体或为一整块板体，当包括两个板体是，两个板体之间通过设置可拆的固定结构固为一体，两个板体之间的缝隙平行于所述筒体的轴线且相互对齐设置，且该缝隙通过密封件密封；The sample preparation assembly includes a cylinder, and the two opposite side walls of the cylinder are baffles, and each baffle includes two plates or is a whole plate. When two plates are included, the two The plates are fixed together by a detachable fixing structure, the gap between the two plates is parallel to the axis of the cylinder and aligned with each other, and the gap is sealed by a seal;
该节理成型组件包括上下两个定位件和节理成型件，每个所述定位件上设有定位结构，使得所述节理成型件固定在两个定位件上且可由上定位件上抽出；所述节理成型组件与所述制样组件之间设置可拆的固定结构，使得当节理成型组件与所述制样组件相结合固定为一体时，所述下定位件可拆地固定在所述筒体的下端，封闭筒体的下底面，所述节理成型件平行于所述筒体轴线地置于所述筒体中且与两个所述侧壁的所述缝隙相对应，所述上定位件可拆地固定在所述筒体的上端面上，构成节理岩体成型模具。The joint forming assembly includes upper and lower positioning parts and a joint forming part, each positioning part is provided with a positioning structure, so that the joint forming part is fixed on the two positioning parts and can be drawn out from the upper positioning part; A detachable fixing structure is provided between the joint forming component and the sample preparation component, so that when the joint forming component and the sample preparation component are combined and fixed as one, the lower positioning member is detachably fixed on the cylinder The lower end of the cylinder closes the lower bottom surface of the cylinder, the joint forming part is placed in the cylinder parallel to the axis of the cylinder and corresponds to the gaps of the two side walls, and the upper positioning part It is detachably fixed on the upper end surface of the cylinder to form a mold for forming jointed rock mass.
一种适用于节理岩体直剪试验的制样剪切装置，其包括一制样组件、一节理成型组件和一直剪装置转化组件，A sample preparation and shearing device suitable for jointed rock mass direct shear tests, which includes a sample preparation component, a joint forming component and a direct shear device conversion component,
该制样组件包括一筒体，该筒体相对的两个侧壁为挡板，每个挡板是包括两个板体，其间通过设置可拆的固定结构固为一体，两个板体之间的缝隙平行于所述筒体的轴线且相互对齐设置，且该缝隙通过密封件密封；The sample preparation assembly includes a cylinder, and the two opposite side walls of the cylinder are baffles, each baffle includes two plates, and a detachable fixing structure is installed between them to form a whole. The gap between them is parallel to the axis of the cylinder and arranged in alignment with each other, and the gap is sealed by a seal;
该节理成型组件包括上下两个定位件和节理成型件，每个所述定位件上设有定位结构，使得所述节理成型件固定在两个定位件上且可由上定位件上抽出；所述节理成型组件与所述制样组件之间设置可拆的固定结构，使得当节理成型组件与所述制样组件相结合固定为一体时，所述下定位件可拆地固定在所述筒体的下端，封边筒体的下底面，所述节理成型件平行于所述筒体轴线地置于所述筒体中且与两个所述侧壁的所述缝隙相对应，所述上定位件可拆地固定在所述筒体的上端面上，构成节理岩体成型模具；The joint forming assembly includes upper and lower positioning parts and a joint forming part, each positioning part is provided with a positioning structure, so that the joint forming part is fixed on the two positioning parts and can be drawn out from the upper positioning part; A detachable fixing structure is provided between the joint forming component and the sample preparation component, so that when the joint forming component and the sample preparation component are combined and fixed as one, the lower positioning member is detachably fixed on the cylinder The lower end of the edge-sealing cylinder, the joint forming part is placed in the cylinder parallel to the axis of the cylinder and corresponds to the gaps of the two side walls, the upper positioning Parts are detachably fixed on the upper end surface of the cylinder to form a mold for forming jointed rock mass;
该直剪装置转化组件包括两对侧板，两对侧板分别与所述筒体的两侧端面之间设置可拆的固定结构，使得当通过该可拆固定结构将所述侧板与所述筒体固定后形成剪切盒，每对侧板的接缝与所述筒体上两个板体之间的缝隙对应。The conversion assembly of the direct shearing device includes two pairs of side plates, and a detachable fixing structure is arranged between the two pairs of side plates and the two side end surfaces of the cylinder, so that when the detachable fixing structure is used to connect the side plates to the The cylinder is fixed to form a shear box, and the seam of each pair of side plates corresponds to the gap between the two plates on the cylinder.
优选地，所述筒体为四边形截面，其有四块侧板固定连接，其中相对设置的一对侧板为，每块侧板为一整块板构成，形成底板，相对设置的另一对侧板为所述挡板。Preferably, the cylinder has a quadrilateral cross-section, and it has four side plates fixedly connected, wherein a pair of side plates opposite to each other is composed of a whole plate to form a bottom plate, and the other pair of side plates opposite to each other The side panels are the baffles.
所述挡板中的两个板体之间的所述缝隙的密封件可以是固定在两个板体之间的橡胶垫，也可以是夹设在两个板体之间的一成缝中间板，该成缝中间板与相邻的两个板体通过设置的可拆的固定结构固为一体。The sealing member of the gap between the two plates in the baffle can be a rubber pad fixed between the two plates, or it can be a gap between the two plates plate, and the seamed middle plate is integrated with two adjacent plate bodies through a detachable fixing structure.
优选地，所述挡板中两个板体之间的所述缝隙的宽度为5-10mm。该缝隙如果过窄，在进行直剪试验中，施加法向力，两个板体很容易接触上，这样，施加的压力就没有作用的岩体试件上。但如果该缝隙过宽，在直剪试验中，剪切面就不容易确保为水平面，而形成斜面剪切了。Preferably, the width of the gap between the two plates in the baffle is 5-10mm. If the gap is too narrow, when a normal force is applied during the direct shear test, the two plates are easily in contact, so that the applied pressure has no effect on the rock mass specimen. However, if the gap is too wide, in the direct shear test, it is not easy to ensure that the shear plane is a horizontal plane, and an inclined shear is formed.
所述节理成型件的宽度不宜过窄。优选地，该节理成型件的宽度不小于试件剪切长度的1/4；或者，上定位板的宽高比A1/L1＞1/3。The width of the joint forming part should not be too narrow. Preferably, the width of the joint forming piece is not less than 1/4 of the shear length of the test piece; or, the aspect ratio A1/L1 of the upper positioning plate>1/3.
所述可拆的固定结构为螺栓连接结构。The detachable fixing structure is a bolt connection structure.
优选地，将所述挡板的两个板体和其间的成缝中间板固为一体的可拆的固定结构为贯穿该两个板体和夹设在两个板体之间的成缝中间板的至少两根螺杆固定装置。Preferably, the detachable fixing structure that fixes the two boards of the baffle and the slotted intermediate board therebetween is to pass through the two boards and interpose in the middle of the slot between the two boards At least two screw fixtures for the plate.
优选地，所述节理成型组件中的下定位件由至少两块板体组成，其中一块板体上设置所述定位结构，各个板体与所述筒体的端面之间设置可拆的固定结构。而各个板体之间没有固定结构。Preferably, the lower positioning member in the joint forming assembly is composed of at least two plates, one of which is provided with the positioning structure, and a detachable fixing structure is provided between each plate and the end surface of the cylinder . And there is no fixed structure between the boards.
一个优选方案为，所述下定位件包括三块板，其中，边上的两块板分别与四边形截面筒体中的一整块板和其两端固连的作为挡板中的一个板体固连形成托底板，中间的板上设置固定所述节理成型件的条缝，该中间的板与挡板的缝隙两侧的两个板体固连。A preferred solution is that the lower positioning member includes three plates, wherein the two plates on the sides are respectively connected to a whole plate in the quadrangular cross-section cylinder and its two ends are fixed as a plate in the baffle. The bottom plate is fixedly connected, and the middle plate is provided with a slit for fixing the joint molding, and the middle plate is fixedly connected with the two plates on both sides of the slit of the baffle plate.
所述节理成型组件中，所述节理成型件可以是为矩形片材，也可以是其横截面形状为折线型或锯齿型的片材，所述上下定位件上的定位结构为与节理成型件横截面匹配的条缝。In the joint forming component, the joint forming part can be a rectangular sheet, or a sheet whose cross-sectional shape is a broken line or a zigzag shape, and the positioning structure on the upper and lower positioning parts is the same as that of the joint forming part. Slits with matching cross-sections.
所述条缝在所述定位件上设置若干个，以在模拟节理岩体中形成多个节理。Several slits are provided on the positioning member to form multiple joints in the simulated jointed rock mass.
对应于所述矩形片材的节理成型件，在若干条缝中，条缝的走向可以是相同的，也可以是不同的，还可以是交叉的形态。Corresponding to the joint forming part of the rectangular sheet, among several slits, the direction of the slits may be the same or different, and may also be in the form of crossing.
所述节理成型件可以是铁片、砂纸或粗布中的一种或几种。The joint forming part can be one or more of iron sheet, sandpaper or coarse cloth.
使用上述制样剪切装置进行制样和剪切试验的方法是：包括如下步骤：Use above-mentioned sample preparation shearing device to carry out the method for sample preparation and shear test: comprise the following steps:
步骤1：将所述制样组件和所述节理成型组件固为一体，构成节理岩体成型模具；Step 1: integrating the sample preparation component and the joint forming component to form a joint rock mass forming mold;
步骤2：在该节理岩体成型模具中倒入试样材料，振捣，静置，使之成型；Step 2: Pour the sample material into the jointed rock mass forming mold, vibrate, let it stand, and make it into shape;
步骤3：取出节理成型件，在岩体中形成节理结构；Step 3: Take out the joint forming part and form a joint structure in the rock mass;
步骤4：将模具和浇注岩体一体件立起来，这时所述挡板垂直设置，拆除与筒体固结的节理成型组件中的上下定位件，并拆除构成挡板的两个板体的可拆的固定结构及两个板体之间的密封件或成缝中间板；Step 4: Stand up the integral part of the mold and the poured rock mass. At this time, the baffle is set vertically. Remove the upper and lower positioning parts in the joint forming component consolidated with the cylinder, and remove the two plates constituting the baffle. Detachable fixed structure and seal between two panels or seamed intermediate panels;
步骤5：在筒体的两个端面上通过可拆的固定结构分别固定上所述直剪装置转化组件中的两个侧板，构成剪切盒；Step 5: Fix the two side plates in the conversion assembly of the direct shearing device on the two end faces of the cylinder respectively through detachable fixing structures to form a shearing box;
步骤6：实施直剪试验，在剪切盒的上顶面上施加法向力，固定下部所述挡板对应的岩体，对一侧的上部挡板施加推力；或者，对一侧的上部挡板施加一个方向的推力，对另一侧的下部挡板施加一个相反方向的推力。Step 6: Implement a direct shear test, apply a normal force on the upper top surface of the shear box, fix the rock mass corresponding to the lower baffle, and apply a thrust to the upper baffle on one side; or, apply a thrust to the upper baffle on one side The baffle exerts a thrust in one direction, and a thrust in the opposite direction is applied to the lower baffle on the other side.
本发明提供的适用于节理岩体直剪试验的制样装置，通过其中的节理成型组件可以将节理成型件稳定地固定在模具中，很好地解决了制模过程中可能造成节理几何形状发生变化的问题，而且可以很方便地在岩体模型中成型多个节理结构，进一步地，更可以通过设置折线型、锯齿型等节理成型件，构成多种结构的节理结构。本发明在制样装置的基础上增加直剪装置转化组件，就可以构成制样和直剪试验双功能的制样剪切装置，在通过制样装置制成岩体之后，不用将岩体全部脱出模具，只需要将节理成型组件拆除，让模具的两个挡板分离开并露出其间的缝隙，再将直剪装置转化组件的四块侧板安装在筒体的两个端面上，就可以进行直剪试验了。本发明提供的制样剪切装置及制样和剪切试验的方法，不需要对节理岩体试样进行脱模、装样等工序，避免了对岩体结构造成的损伤，确保试验结果的精准。The sample preparation device suitable for the direct shear test of jointed rock mass provided by the present invention can stably fix the joint formed part in the mold through the joint forming component, which solves the possible occurrence of joint geometry in the mold making process. In addition, multiple joint structures can be easily formed in the rock mass model, and joint structures of various structures can be formed by setting broken line, zigzag and other joint forming parts. The present invention adds a direct shear device conversion component on the basis of the sample preparation device to form a dual-function sample preparation and shearing device for sample preparation and direct shear testing. After the rock mass is made by the sample preparation device, it is not necessary to completely To get out of the mold, you only need to remove the joint forming component, let the two baffles of the mold separate and expose the gap between them, and then install the four side plates of the conversion component of the direct shearing device on the two end faces of the cylinder. A direct shear test was performed. The sample preparation and shearing device and the method for sample preparation and shear test provided by the present invention do not need to carry out processes such as demoulding and sample loading on the jointed rock mass sample, avoiding damage to the rock mass structure and ensuring the accuracy of the test results. precise.
本发明解决了目前节理岩体模型制作过程中节理几何形状精度较低，无法制作复杂结构面及脱模、装样过程中可能对结构面造成破坏的问题，使用本发明可以制作复杂结构面形态的节理岩体模型，提高直剪试验的整体可靠性。The present invention solves the problem that the accuracy of joint geometry is low in the process of making the current jointed rock mass model, and the problem that complex structural surfaces cannot be produced and the structural surfaces may be damaged during demoulding and sample loading processes, and complex structural surface shapes can be produced by using the present invention The jointed rock mass model improves the overall reliability of the direct shear test.
下面通过附图和实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below by means of drawings and embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的制样装置及制样剪切装置中主要体现制样组件结构的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram mainly embodying the structure of the sample preparation components in the sample preparation device and the sample preparation and shearing device provided by the present invention.
图2为本发明提供的制样装置及制样剪切装置中左右挡板的一种结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the left and right baffles in the sample preparation device and the sample preparation and shearing device provided by the present invention.
图3为本发明提供的制样装置及制样剪切装置中的节理成型组件的主要结构的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the main structure of the joint forming component in the sample preparation device and the sample preparation and shearing device provided by the present invention.
图4为本发明提供的制样装置的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the sample preparation device provided by the present invention.
图5为在图4所示的制样装置中浇注了制作岩体的材料后的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the sample preparation device shown in Fig. 4 after pouring materials for making rock mass.
图6为在图5的基础上，将节理成型件拔出后的制样装置的结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the sample preparation device after the joint forming part is pulled out on the basis of Fig. 5 .
图7为将图6所示的装置立起来后的结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the device shown in Fig. 6 when it is erected.
图8为本发明提供的制样剪切装置中的直剪装置转化组件的结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the conversion assembly of the direct shearing device in the sample preparation and shearing device provided by the present invention.
图9为将图7所述的装置中，将节理成型组件中的上下定位件除去，将图8所述的直剪装置转化组件安装就位形成剪切盒并进行直剪试验施力的结构示意图。Fig. 9 is a structure in which the upper and lower positioning parts in the joint forming assembly are removed in the device described in Fig. 7, and the conversion assembly of the direct shear device described in Fig. 8 is installed in place to form a shear box and apply force for a direct shear test schematic diagram.
其中：1：底板；2：挡板；21：缝隙；21a：成缝中间板；3：托底板；4：贯穿长螺杆；5：固定短螺杆；6：上定位板；7：下定位板；8：节理成型件；9：侧板；9a：侧板的接缝9a。Among them: 1: Bottom plate; 2: Baffle plate; 21: Gap; 21a: Slit middle plate; 3: Supporting bottom plate; 4: Through long screw; 5: Fixed short screw; 6: Upper positioning plate; 7: Lower positioning plate ; 8: Joint molding; 9: Side panel; 9a: Seam 9a of the side panel.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明提供的适用于节理岩体直剪试验的制样装置，其包括一制样组件和一节理成型组件。The sample preparation device suitable for direct shear test of jointed rock mass provided by the invention comprises a sample preparation component and a joint forming component.
如图1所示，该制样组件包括一四边形截面的筒体，其有四块侧板体通过固定短螺杆5固定连接，该四块侧板可以均为一整块板，也可以是如图1所示，其中相对设置的一对侧板体为，每块侧板体为一整块板构成，形成底板1；相对设置的另一对侧板体为挡板2，各自包括两个板体，两个板体之间的缝隙21平行于所述筒体的轴线且两个挡板的缝隙相互对齐设置，且该缝隙21通过密封件密封；挡板2中的两个板体之间的所述缝隙21的密封件可以是固定在两个板体之间的橡胶垫，而更好的一种实施方式是夹设在两个板体之间的一成缝中间板21a，该成缝中间板21a与相邻的两个板体通过设置的可拆的固定结构例如为贯穿该两个板体和成缝中间板21a的至少两根贯穿长螺杆4固为一体。As shown in Figure 1, the sample preparation assembly includes a cylinder with a quadrangular cross-section, which has four side plates fixedly connected by a fixed short screw 5, and the four side plates can all be a whole plate, or can be as follows As shown in Fig. 1, a pair of side plates arranged oppositely wherein each side plate body is constituted by a whole plate forms a bottom plate 1; Plate body, the gap 21 between the two plates is parallel to the axis of the cylinder and the gaps of the two baffles are aligned with each other, and the gap 21 is sealed by a seal; the gap between the two plates in the baffle 2 The sealing member of the gap 21 between them can be a rubber pad fixed between the two boards, and a better embodiment is a seamed middle board 21a sandwiched between the two boards. The slotted middle plate 21a and the two adjacent plates are fixed as a whole by a detachable fixing structure, such as at least two penetrating long screws 4 penetrating the two plates and the slotted middle plate 21a.
挡板2中两个板体之间设置的成缝中间板21a的宽度是有所要求的，该缝隙21如果过窄，在进行直剪试验中，施加法向力，两个板体很容易接触上，这样，施加的压力就不能作用在岩体试件上。但如果该缝隙21过宽，在直剪试验中，剪切面就不容易确保为水平面，而形成斜面剪切了。因此，可以知道，该缝隙21既不能太宽，也不能太窄。优选地，该成缝中间板21a的宽度为，使得两个板体之间的缝隙21的宽度为5-10mm。The width of the slit intermediate plate 21a arranged between the two plates in the baffle plate 2 is required. If the gap 21 is too narrow, in the direct shear test, the two plates are easily In this way, the applied pressure cannot act on the rock mass specimen. But if the slit 21 is too wide, in the direct shear test, the shear plane is not easy to ensure a horizontal plane, and an inclined plane shear is formed. Therefore, it can be known that the slit 21 can neither be too wide nor too narrow. Preferably, the width of the slotted intermediate board 21 a is such that the width of the gap 21 between the two boards is 5-10 mm.
如图3所示，该节理成型组件包括上定位板6、下定位板7和节理成型件8，上、下定位件上设有定位结构，为条缝，上定位板6上的条缝是上下贯通的。该条缝使得节理成型件8固定在上下定位板上，且可由上定位板6上抽出；所述节理成型组件与所述制样组件之间设置可拆的固定结构，具体的结构是：在上下定位板上设置螺栓孔，在两个底板1和两个挡板2的端面上也设置螺栓孔，通过固定短螺栓5将上下定位板固定在筒体上。另外，在如图1、2、3所示的实施例中，下定位件包括三块板，其中，边上的两块板分别与四边形截面筒体中的底板1和其两端固连的作为挡板2中的一个板体固连形成托底板3（见图1），中间的板作为下定位板7，其上设置固定所述节理成型件的条缝，该中间的板与挡板的缝隙21两侧的两个板体固连。托底板3和下定位板7均通过固定短螺栓5与底板1和挡板2固连，封闭筒体的下底面，所述节理成型件8平行于所述筒体轴线地置于所述筒体中且与两个所述侧壁的所述缝隙21相对应，上定位板6也是通过固定短螺栓5固定在所述筒体的上端面上，构成节理岩体成型模具（见图4）。As shown in Figure 3, the joint forming assembly includes an upper positioning plate 6, a lower positioning plate 7 and a joint forming part 8, the upper and lower positioning parts are provided with positioning structures, which are slits, and the slits on the upper positioning plate 6 are Up and down through. The slit makes the joint forming part 8 fixed on the upper and lower positioning plates, and can be drawn out from the upper positioning plate 6; a detachable fixing structure is arranged between the joint forming component and the sample preparation component, and the specific structure is: Bolt holes are set on the upper and lower positioning plates, and bolt holes are also set on the end faces of the two base plates 1 and the two baffle plates 2, and the upper and lower positioning plates are fixed on the cylinder by fixing short bolts 5. In addition, in the embodiment shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the lower positioning member includes three plates, wherein, the two plates on the side are respectively fixed to the bottom plate 1 in the quadrangular cross-section cylinder and its two ends. As a plate body in the baffle plate 2, it is fixedly connected to form a bottom plate 3 (see Figure 1), and the middle plate is used as a lower positioning plate 7, on which is provided a slit for fixing the joint molding. The middle plate and the baffle plate The two plates on both sides of the slit 21 are fixedly connected. The supporting base plate 3 and the lower positioning plate 7 are fixedly connected with the base plate 1 and the baffle plate 2 by fixing short bolts 5, and the lower bottom surface of the cylinder is closed, and the joint forming part 8 is placed on the cylinder parallel to the axis of the cylinder In the body and corresponding to the gaps 21 of the two side walls, the upper positioning plate 6 is also fixed on the upper end surface of the cylinder body by fixing short bolts 5 to form a jointed rock mass forming mold (see Figure 4) .
经研究得知，固定剪切路径条件下，剪切带宽度超过剪切长度L的1/4，剪切带宽度对节理岩体抗剪强度特性影响很小，否则，影响就很大。因此，该节理成型件8的宽度A不小于试件剪切长度L的1/4（见图4），或者，取上定位板6宽高比A1/L1＞1/3（见图3）。According to research, under the condition of fixed shear path, the width of the shear band exceeds 1/4 of the shear length L, and the width of the shear band has little effect on the shear strength characteristics of the jointed rock mass, otherwise, it has a great influence. Therefore, the width A of the joint forming part 8 is not less than 1/4 of the shear length L of the test piece (see Figure 4), or, the width-to-height ratio of the upper positioning plate 6 is A1/L1 > 1/3 (see Figure 3) .
所述节理成型件可以是铁片、砂纸或粗布中的一种或几种。The joint forming part can be one or more of iron sheet, sandpaper or coarse cloth.
所述节理成型组件中，节理成型件8是矩形片材，也可以是其横截面形状为折线型或锯齿型的片材，所述上下定位件上的定位结构为与节理成型件横截面匹配的条缝a（见图6）。In the joint forming assembly, the joint forming part 8 is a rectangular sheet, or a sheet whose cross-sectional shape is a broken line or a zigzag shape, and the positioning structure on the upper and lower positioning parts matches the cross section of the joint forming part The slit a (see Figure 6).
条缝a在上下定位件上设置若干个，以在模拟节理岩体中形成多个节理。Several slits a are set on the upper and lower positioning parts to form multiple joints in the simulated jointed rock mass.
对应于所述矩形片材的节理成型件，在若干条缝中，条缝的走向可以是相同的、不同的和交叉的形态的至少一种。Corresponding to the joint forming part of the rectangular sheet, among the several slits, the direction of the slits may be at least one of the same, different and intersecting forms.
本发明提供的适用于节理岩体直剪试验的制样剪切装置是在上述的挡板2中包括两个板体，两个板体之间的缝隙21平行于所述筒体的轴线且相互对齐设置，且该缝隙21通过密封件密封的制样装置的基础上，再加上一直剪装置转化组件。The sample preparation shearing device applicable to the jointed rock direct shear test provided by the present invention comprises two plate bodies in the above-mentioned baffle plate 2, and the gap 21 between the two plate bodies is parallel to the axis of the cylinder body and They are arranged in alignment with each other, and the gap 21 is sealed by the sealing element on the basis of the sample preparation device, plus the transformation assembly of the straight shear device.
如图8所示，该直剪装置转化组件包括两对侧板9，两对侧板9分别与所述筒体的两侧端面之间设置通过短螺栓连接，使得与所述筒体固定后形成剪切盒，每对侧板9的接缝9a与所述筒体上两挡板中两个板体之间的缝隙21对应，形成一缝隙环，如图9所示。As shown in Figure 8, the conversion assembly of the direct shearing device includes two pairs of side plates 9, and the two pairs of side plates 9 are connected to the two side end surfaces of the cylinder body through short bolts, so that after being fixed with the cylinder body, A shear box is formed, and the joint 9a of each pair of side plates 9 corresponds to the gap 21 between the two plates of the two baffles on the cylinder, forming a gap ring, as shown in FIG. 9 .
使用制样剪切装置进行制样和剪切试验的方法是：包括如下步骤：The method for sample preparation and shear test using a sample preparation shearing device is to include the following steps:
步骤1：将所述制样组件和所述节理成型组件固为一体，构成节理岩体成型模具（如图4所示）；Step 1: integrating the sample preparation component and the joint forming component to form a joint rock mass forming mold (as shown in Figure 4);
步骤2：在该节理岩体成型模具中倒入试样材料b，振捣，静置，使之成型（如图5所示）；Step 2: Pour sample material b into the jointed rock mass forming mold, vibrate, let stand, and make it into shape (as shown in Figure 5);
步骤3：取出节理成型件8，在岩体b中形成节理结构（如图6所示）；Step 3: Take out the joint forming part 8, and form a joint structure in the rock mass b (as shown in Figure 6);
步骤4：模型制作完成后，将模具和浇注岩体b一体件立起来，这时所述挡板为竖直设置，拆除与筒体固结的节理成型组件中的上下定位板，并拆除使得挡板中的两个板体固为一体的贯穿长螺杆4及两个板体之间的成缝中间板21a（如图7所示）；Step 4: After the model is completed, the mold and the poured rock mass b are erected in one piece. At this time, the baffle plate is vertically set, and the upper and lower positioning plates in the joint forming component consolidated with the cylinder are removed, and the upper and lower positioning plates are removed so that The two plates in the baffle are solidly integrated through the long screw 4 and the seamed middle plate 21a between the two plates (as shown in Figure 7);
步骤5：在筒体的两个端面上通过固定短螺栓5分别固定上所述直剪装置转化组件中的两个侧板9，构成剪切盒（如图9所示），两个侧板9之间的缝隙与挡板2中两个板体之间的缝隙相等对齐，形成一个缝隙环，该缝隙环的上部为上剪切盒，下部为下剪切盒；Step 5: Fix the two side plates 9 in the conversion assembly of the direct shearing device respectively on the two end faces of the cylinder by fixing short bolts 5 to form a shear box (as shown in Figure 9), and the two side plates The gap between 9 and the gap between the two plates in the baffle 2 are equally aligned to form a gap ring, the upper part of the gap ring is the upper shear box, and the lower part is the lower shear box;
步骤6：实施直剪试验，在上剪切盒的上顶面上施加法向压力F，固定下剪切盒，左侧施加推力f推上剪切盒。Step 6: Carry out the direct shear test, apply a normal pressure F on the upper top surface of the upper shear box, fix the lower shear box, and apply a thrust f on the left side to push the upper shear box.
本发明通过制样组件和节理成型组件构成的制样装置，通过上、下两块定位件预制节理定位装置，保证结构面几何精度和节理几何尺寸的精度，并可实现复杂结构面模型的制作。因此，适用于复杂节理岩体试样的制备；采用剪切装置转化组件将节理岩体制样装置转化为剪切装置。In the present invention, the sample preparation device composed of the sample preparation component and the joint forming component is used to prefabricate the joint positioning device through the upper and lower positioning pieces, so as to ensure the geometric accuracy of the structural surface and the precision of the geometric size of the joint, and realize the production of complex structural surface models . Therefore, it is suitable for the preparation of complex jointed rock mass samples; the jointed rock mass sampling device is converted into a shearing device by using the shearing device conversion component.
该发明技术方案主要体现在节理成型组件和剪切装置转换组件及与这两种组件相配套的制样组件。通过节理成型组件实现复杂节理岩体结构的模拟，采用剪切装置转换组件实现制模装置与剪切装置的转化，将模具直接转化为剪切盒，减小试样脱模、装样环节，减少由于试样处理对岩体结构特别是对结构面的影响，进行室内试验，实现了复杂节理岩体结构的模拟，简化试验步骤，提高试验效率和整体可靠性，为节理岩体破坏机理和工程力学特性参数确定提供科学依据。The technical scheme of the invention is mainly embodied in the joint forming component, the shearing device conversion component and the sample preparation component matched with the two components. The simulation of complex jointed rock mass structure is realized through the joint forming component, and the transformation between the mold making device and the shearing device is realized by using the shear device conversion component, and the mold is directly converted into a shear box, reducing the demoulding and sample loading steps of the sample. Reduce the impact of sample processing on the rock mass structure, especially the structural plane, and conduct indoor tests to realize the simulation of complex jointed rock mass structure, simplify the test steps, improve the test efficiency and overall reliability, and provide insight into the failure mechanism of jointed rock mass and The determination of engineering mechanical characteristic parameters provides a scientific basis.
本发明可以较快地转化为实际产品，在岩土工程室内直剪试验中进行推广利用，具有重要的经济效益与社会效益。The invention can be quickly transformed into actual products, and can be popularized and utilized in indoor direct shear tests of geotechnical engineering, and has important economic and social benefits.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510016563.4ACN104865108B (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2015-01-13 | Sample preparation device, sample preparation shear and sample preparation shearing test method suitable for jointed rock mass direct shear test |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510016563.4ACN104865108B (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2015-01-13 | Sample preparation device, sample preparation shear and sample preparation shearing test method suitable for jointed rock mass direct shear test |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104865108A CN104865108A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| CN104865108Btrue CN104865108B (en) | 2017-06-16 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510016563.4AActiveCN104865108B (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2015-01-13 | Sample preparation device, sample preparation shear and sample preparation shearing test method suitable for jointed rock mass direct shear test |
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| CN (1) | CN104865108B (en) |
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