技术领域technical field
本发明涉及激光眼科手术技术领域，特别涉及一种用于角膜测量的激光诱导等离子体光谱分析设备及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of laser eye surgery, in particular to a laser-induced plasma spectroscopic analysis device and method for cornea measurement.
背景技术Background technique
对于不适合进行激光眼科手术的患者，最常见的原因是容易出现圆锥角膜，圆锥角膜也是目前激光眼科手术失败的一种主要临床表现。对患者是否容易出现圆锥角膜，是激光眼科手术必须考虑的问题。For patients who are not suitable for laser eye surgery, the most common reason is that they are prone to keratoconus, and keratoconus is also a major clinical manifestation of laser eye surgery failure. Whether the patient is prone to keratoconus is a problem that must be considered in laser eye surgery.
目前对患者是否容易出现圆锥角膜的检查主要是测量患者的角膜生物力学参数，因为圆锥角膜患者的角膜生物力学参数均低于正常值。At present, the examination of whether a patient is prone to keratoconus is mainly to measure the corneal biomechanical parameters of the patient, because the corneal biomechanical parameters of keratoconus patients are all lower than normal values.
而目前临床上唯一能够活体测量角膜生物力学性能的仪器是眼反应分析仪。眼反应分析仪的测量方法类似于传统非接触眼压计：让患者将下颌放在仪器支架上，固定头部，尽量睁大双眼，测试眼注视仪器内绿色闪烁信号灯，按下“测量”按钮，仪器探头自动跟踪靠近测试眼，并吹出一股气体压平角膜，测得一系列参数。使用眼反应分析仪测量的当天，必须排除任何对测试眼的侵犯性操作及眼部滴眼液的使用，而且测试者须在安静、放松环境及知识情况下进行测量。通常每次检查测量3次，测量数据存在明显差异时，还增加测量次数至5次或更多，取其平均值。At present, the only instrument capable of measuring corneal biomechanical properties clinically is the eye response analyzer. The measurement method of the eye response analyzer is similar to the traditional non-contact tonometer: let the patient put his jaw on the instrument support, fix his head, open his eyes as wide as possible, watch the green flashing signal light in the instrument with the test eye, and press the "measure" button , the instrument probe automatically tracks close to the test eye, blows out a stream of gas to flatten the cornea, and measures a series of parameters. On the day when the eye reaction analyzer is used to measure, any invasive operation on the test eye and the use of eye drops must be excluded, and the tester must perform the measurement in a quiet, relaxed environment and under knowledgeable conditions. Usually, each inspection is measured 3 times, and when there is a significant difference in the measurement data, the number of measurements is increased to 5 or more, and the average value is taken.
由上可知，用目前的眼反应分析仪测量角膜生物力学性能时，存在测量受很多因素影响的问题，尤其是患者本身的状态对测量结果的影响很大，导致激光手术的术前检查效率很低。It can be seen from the above that when the current eye response analyzer is used to measure the biomechanical properties of the cornea, there is a problem that the measurement is affected by many factors, especially the state of the patient itself has a great influence on the measurement results, resulting in a very low efficiency of preoperative inspection for laser surgery. Low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在克服现有眼反应分析仪在角膜生物力学性能检测中所存在的技术缺陷，提供一种新型用于角膜测量的激光诱导等离子体光谱分析设备及方法，采用该设备获得角膜生物力学参数时，对被检测者要求较低并且能够迅速获得。The present invention aims to overcome the technical defects of the existing eye reaction analyzers in the detection of corneal biomechanical properties, and provides a novel laser-induced plasma spectroscopic analysis device and method for corneal measurement. The device is used to obtain corneal biomechanical When parameters are used, the requirements for the subject are low and can be obtained quickly.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一方面，本发明提供一种用于角膜测量的激光诱导等离子体光谱分析设备，包括：激光器，光束质量调节系统，光束转折系统，滤光系统，望远镜系统，检测点距离动态监测系统，反馈调节控制系统，中阶梯光栅光谱仪，积分延迟探测系统以及计算机；所述光束质量调节系统用于控制激光光束的输出光强；所述光束转折系统用于折转控制激光光速；所述检测点距离动态监测系统用于检测角膜到望远镜系统的距离；所述反馈调节控制系统用于控制望远镜系统；所述望远镜系统用于调节激光的聚焦位置，使激光聚焦到角膜上，在角膜表面形成等离子体光信号；所述滤光系统用于对等离子体光信号进行降噪处理；所述中阶梯光栅光谱仪用于对采集的等离子体光信号进行光谱分析；所述积分延迟探测系统用于处理采集的等离子体光信号，得到定量的光谱信息。In one aspect, the present invention provides a laser-induced plasma spectroscopic analysis device for corneal measurement, including: a laser, a beam quality adjustment system, a beam deflection system, a filter system, a telescope system, a dynamic monitoring system for the distance between detection points, and a feedback adjustment Control system, echelle spectrometer, integral delay detection system and computer; the beam quality adjustment system is used to control the output light intensity of the laser beam; the beam deflection system is used to deflect and control the laser light speed; the detection point distance dynamic The monitoring system is used to detect the distance from the cornea to the telescope system; the feedback adjustment control system is used to control the telescope system; the telescope system is used to adjust the focus position of the laser to focus the laser on the cornea and form plasma light on the surface of the cornea signal; the filter system is used to reduce the noise of the plasma light signal; the échelle spectrometer is used to perform spectral analysis on the collected plasma light signal; the integral delay detection system is used to process the collected plasma Bulk light signal to obtain quantitative spectral information.
优选的，所述激光器发射的激光波长为1064nm。Preferably, the laser wavelength emitted by the laser is 1064nm.
优选的，所述激光器发射的激光波长为266nm。Preferably, the laser wavelength emitted by the laser is 266nm.
优选的，所述滤光系统包括滤光镜；所述滤光镜表面设置有高反射膜。Preferably, the filter system includes a filter; the surface of the filter is provided with a high reflection film.
优选的，所述高反射膜的反射率不低于99.99％。Preferably, the reflectance of the high reflection film is not lower than 99.99%.
优选的，所述高反射膜为对激光光束进行高反射，反射率为99.99％。Preferably, the high reflection film is highly reflective to the laser beam, and the reflectivity is 99.99%.
优选的，所述高反射膜通过电镀的方式镀于所述滤光镜表面。Preferably, the high reflection film is plated on the surface of the filter by electroplating.
优选的，所述望远镜系统包括凸面反射镜和凹面反射镜，通过调节所述凸面反射镜与所述凹面反射镜之间的距离来调节激光聚焦的位置。Preferably, the telescope system includes a convex reflector and a concave reflector, and the laser focusing position is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the convex reflector and the concave reflector.
优选的，所述检测点距离动态监测系统包括单频激光干涉仪、双频激光干涉仪或激光测距仪中的一种。Preferably, the detection point distance dynamic monitoring system includes one of a single-frequency laser interferometer, a dual-frequency laser interferometer or a laser range finder.
另一方面，本发明提供一种利用上述设备进行角膜测量的方法，包括：a.激光器发射激光，激光通过所述望远镜系统聚焦至角膜处，使角膜表面形成等离子体信号；b.所述等离子体信号通过所述滤光系统处理后，由所述积分延迟探测系统处理采集的等离子体光信号，再由所述中阶梯光栅光谱仪进行光谱分析；c.通过光谱分析结果判断角膜的力学性能。In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring the cornea by using the above-mentioned device, comprising: a. the laser emits laser light, and the laser light is focused to the cornea through the telescope system, so that a plasma signal is formed on the surface of the cornea; b. the plasma After the bulk signal is processed by the filter system, the collected plasma light signal is processed by the integral delay detection system, and then the spectral analysis is performed by the échelle spectrometer; c. The mechanical properties of the cornea are judged by the spectral analysis results.
本发明的有益效果在于：提供一种用于角膜测量的激光诱导等离子体光谱分析设备以及方法，通过该设备能够准确又快速的获得角膜的生物力学参数，生物力学参数具体包括角膜产生激光诱导等离子体信号的强度等，且该设备对被检测者要求较低。The beneficial effect of the present invention is to provide a laser-induced plasma spectroscopic analysis device and method for corneal measurement, through which the biomechanical parameters of the cornea can be obtained accurately and quickly, and the biomechanical parameters specifically include the laser-induced plasma produced by the cornea. The strength of the body signal, etc., and the device has low requirements for the detected person.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1本发明一个实施例的设备的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the equipment of an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为根据本发明一个实施例的等离子光谱图。Fig. 2 is a plasma spectrum diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及具体实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，而不构成对本发明的限制。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
首先参考图1，示出了根据本发明一个实施例的用于角膜测量的激光诱导等离子体光谱分析设备，包括：激光器1，光束质量调节系统2，光束转折系统3，滤光系统，望远镜系统，检测点距离动态监测系统12，反馈调节控制系统13，中阶梯光栅光谱仪4，积分延迟探测系统5以及计算机6；Referring first to FIG. 1 , it shows a laser-induced plasma spectroscopic analysis device for corneal measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: a laser 1, a beam quality adjustment system 2, a beam deflection system 3, an optical filter system, and a telescope system , a detection point distance dynamic monitoring system 12, a feedback adjustment control system 13, an échelle spectrometer 4, an integral delay detection system 5 and a computer 6;
激光器1可采用各种类型的激光器，优选激光器1发射的激光波长可为1064nm或266nm。由于角膜对266nm的激光波段不透明，当激光器1发射的激光波长为266nm时，对于角膜的检测会更为安全。Various types of lasers can be used for the laser 1 , preferably the laser wavelength emitted by the laser 1 can be 1064nm or 266nm. Since the cornea is opaque to the 266nm laser wavelength band, when the laser wavelength emitted by the laser 1 is 266nm, the detection of the cornea will be safer.
光束质量调节系统2主要使采用一个用于探测光斑质量的光斑分析仪，通过将光斑分析仪与激光器1里的电控单元联系起来，控制激光器激光介质泵浦电流的大小来调节激光光束最终的输出状态，尤其是激光光束的输出光强等，确保输出最优化的激光光束质量。The beam quality adjustment system 2 mainly uses a spot analyzer for detecting the quality of the spot. By connecting the spot analyzer with the electronic control unit in the laser 1, the laser medium pumping current of the laser is controlled to adjust the final laser beam. The output state, especially the output light intensity of the laser beam, etc., ensures the output of the most optimized laser beam quality.
光束转折系统3主要是用于折转控制激光光束，可由一个或多个反射镜构成。The beam deflection system 3 is mainly used for deflecting and controlling the laser beam, and can be composed of one or more reflectors.
望远镜系统用于调节激光的聚焦位置，使激光聚焦到角膜上，在角膜表面形成等离子体信号；望远镜系统可以由凸面反射镜8和凹面反射镜9组成，通过调节凹面反射镜9和凸面反射镜8之间的距离，就可以方便的调节激光聚焦的位置，其中，凹面反射镜9是一个中间有圆洞的结构。The telescope system is used to adjust the focus position of the laser, so that the laser is focused on the cornea and forms a plasma signal on the surface of the cornea; the telescope system can be composed of a convex reflector 8 and a concave reflector 9, by adjusting the concave reflector 9 and the convex reflector 8, the laser focusing position can be adjusted conveniently, wherein the concave mirror 9 is a structure with a round hole in the middle.
检测点距离动态监测系统12主要用于检测角膜到望远镜系统的距离。通过采用单频或双频激光干涉仪，激光测距仪等激光测距仪器，实时精确监测患者角膜到凸面反射镜8的距离，并通过反馈调节控制装置13来控制调节凹面反射镜9和凸面反射镜8之间的距离，来动态保证激光聚焦在被检测的角膜14上。The detection point distance dynamic monitoring system 12 is mainly used to detect the distance from the cornea to the telescope system. The distance between the patient's cornea and the convex reflector 8 is accurately monitored in real time by using a single-frequency or dual-frequency laser interferometer, a laser rangefinder and other laser distance measuring instruments, and the concave reflector 9 and the convex surface are controlled and adjusted by the feedback adjustment control device 13 The distance between the mirrors 8 is used to dynamically ensure that the laser light is focused on the detected cornea 14 .
反馈调节控制装置13包括一个电动控制结构，主要用于控制望远镜系统，在接收到检测点距离动态监测系统12给出的被检测角膜14到凸面反射镜8的距离后，可以通过调节电动马达来改变凸面反射镜8的位置，实现控制调节凹面反射镜9和凸面反射镜8之间的距离，来动态保证激光聚焦在被检测的角膜14上。The feedback adjustment control device 13 includes an electric control structure, which is mainly used to control the telescope system. After receiving the distance from the detected cornea 14 to the convex mirror 8 given by the detection point distance dynamic monitoring system 12, the electric motor can be adjusted. Changing the position of the convex mirror 8 realizes control and adjustment of the distance between the concave mirror 9 and the convex mirror 8 to dynamically ensure that the laser light is focused on the detected cornea 14 .
滤光系统主要用于对等离子体光信号进行降噪处理。具体的，滤光系统包括滤光镜；滤光镜表面设置有高反射膜。更具体的，表面设置有高反射膜的滤光镜包括具有滤光特性的透镜7和具有滤光特性的双色镜10。具有滤光特性的透镜7是通过在透镜表面设置高反射膜得到，能够针对其他不同于角膜14的等离子体光信号波段的光信号进行定量的吸收，对通过中阶梯光栅光谱仪4的等离子体光谱信号的稳定性和强弱对比进行有效的控制，从而提高信噪比。具有滤光特性的双色镜10是通过在反射镜表面设置高反射膜得到，能够对等离子体光信号进行降噪处理。The filter system is mainly used to reduce the noise of the plasma optical signal. Specifically, the filter system includes a filter; the surface of the filter is provided with a high reflection film. More specifically, the filter mirror with a high reflection film on its surface includes a lens 7 with filter properties and a dichroic mirror 10 with filter properties. The lens 7 with filter characteristics is obtained by setting a high reflection film on the surface of the lens, which can quantitatively absorb other optical signals different from the plasma optical signal band of the cornea 14, and the plasma spectrum passing through the echelle spectrometer 4 The stability and strength contrast of the signal can be effectively controlled, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The dichroic mirror 10 with filter properties is obtained by setting a high reflection film on the surface of the mirror, and can perform noise reduction processing on the plasma light signal.
优选的实施方式中，所采用的高反射膜的反射率不低于99.99％。高反射膜具体可为对激光光束进行高反射，反射率99.99％。高反射膜可以通过电镀的方式镀于滤光镜表面。In a preferred embodiment, the reflectivity of the high reflection film used is not lower than 99.99%. Specifically, the high reflection film can highly reflect the laser beam, and the reflectivity is 99.99%. The high reflective film can be plated on the surface of the filter by electroplating.
另外，检测点距离动态监测系统12还包括用于焦点聚焦位置监测的反射镜11，反射镜11采用能够让等离子体光信号通过的反射镜。In addition, the detection point distance dynamic monitoring system 12 also includes a reflector 11 for monitoring the focus position, and the reflector 11 is a reflector capable of allowing the plasma optical signal to pass through.
设备中的中阶梯光栅光谱仪4主要用于对采集的等离子体光信号进行光谱分析，可以从市场上购买获得。积分延迟探测系统5则主要用于处理采集的等离子体光信号，得到定量的光谱信息。计算机6用于控制整个设备的各个系统，包括控制激光器1是否出光，中阶梯光栅光谱仪4何时进行光谱采集和数据处理等等，具体可采用通常使用的个人电脑等。The echelle spectrometer 4 in the device is mainly used for spectral analysis of the collected plasma optical signal, and can be purchased from the market. The integral delay detection system 5 is mainly used to process the collected plasma optical signal to obtain quantitative spectral information. The computer 6 is used to control the various systems of the entire device, including controlling whether the laser 1 emits light, when the échelle spectrometer 4 performs spectrum collection and data processing, etc., and a commonly used personal computer can be used specifically.
具体实施方式中，利用该设备进行角膜测量时的过程为：In a specific embodiment, the process of using the device to measure the cornea is:
a.激光器发射激光，激光通过所述望远镜系统聚焦至角膜处，使角膜表面形成等离子体信号；a. The laser emits laser light, and the laser light is focused to the cornea through the telescope system, so that a plasma signal is formed on the surface of the cornea;
b.所述等离子体信号通过所述滤光系统处理后，由所述积分延迟探测系统处理采集的等离子体光信号，再由所述中阶梯光栅光谱仪进行光谱分析；b. After the plasma signal is processed by the filter system, the collected plasma optical signal is processed by the integral delay detection system, and then spectral analysis is performed by the echelle spectrometer;
c.通过光谱分析结果判断角膜的力学性能。c. Judging the mechanical properties of the cornea through the results of spectral analysis.
本实施方式所提供的用于角膜测量的激光诱导等离子体光谱分析设备以及方法，能够准确又快速的获得角膜的生物力学性质，如通过激光诱导等离子体信号的强度可以判断角膜的生物力学性质是否正常等；且对被检测者要求较低，是一种新型的角膜测量设备。The laser-induced plasma spectroscopic analysis equipment and method for corneal measurement provided in this embodiment can accurately and quickly obtain the biomechanical properties of the cornea, such as whether the biomechanical properties of the cornea can be judged by the intensity of the laser-induced plasma signal. It is a new type of corneal measurement equipment and has low requirements for the tested person.
采用本实施方式所提供的用于角膜测量的激光诱导等离子体光谱分析设备，观测得到的光谱图如图2所示，从光谱图中可以看出，只对应有角膜组织所具有元素的光谱，并不具有其他物质，如手术中使用的润滑液体、手术中与角膜直接紧密接触的光学部件等，所具有的元素相应的光谱。充分说明，采用本发明的设备及方法，能够更加准确、便捷的通过所得光谱信号的强度获得角膜的生物力学性能参数。Using the laser-induced plasma spectroscopic analysis equipment for corneal measurement provided by this embodiment, the observed spectrogram is shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from the spectrogram that only the spectra of the elements in the corneal tissue are corresponding. It does not have the corresponding spectrum of the elements of other substances, such as the lubricating liquid used in the operation, the optical components that are in direct and close contact with the cornea during the operation, etc. It fully demonstrates that by adopting the device and method of the present invention, the biomechanical performance parameters of the cornea can be obtained more accurately and conveniently through the intensity of the obtained spectral signal.
以上所述本发明的具体实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。任何根据本发明的技术构思所作出的各种其他相应的改变与变形，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围内。The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical concept of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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