技术领域technical field
本发明属于超声波无损检测领域，特别提供一种利用S0模态兰姆波反射回波测量激光搭接焊缝宽度的方法，适用于交通运输、航空航天、船舶制造、化工储罐等大型装备中薄板激光搭接焊缝结构的无损检测。The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and in particular provides a method for measuring the width of laser lap welds by using S0 mode Lamb wave reflection echo, which is suitable for large-scale equipment such as transportation, aerospace, shipbuilding, and chemical storage tanks. Non-destructive testing of thin-plate laser lap weld structures.
背景技术Background technique
薄板结构在大型化工设备、交通运输的车厢车体、航空航天装置中使用广泛。对于这些薄板结构的焊接，激光搭接焊是很好的选择。如在轨道交通中，一些型号列车的车厢车体就采用了激光搭接焊。由于激光焊缝质量直接影响客车的运行安全，所以很有必要对其进行安全评价。通过Kaitanov等有关人员对激光焊缝的力学性能研究，发现激光搭接焊的焊缝宽度是影响焊缝静态力学性能和疲劳性能的重要指标。因此，测量焊缝宽度对于车辆运行安全来说非常必要。Thin-plate structures are widely used in large-scale chemical equipment, transportation carriage bodies, and aerospace devices. For the welding of these thin sheet structures, laser lap welding is a good choice. For example, in rail transit, the car body of some types of trains uses laser lap welding. Because the quality of laser welding seam directly affects the operation safety of passenger cars, it is necessary to carry out safety evaluation on it. Through Kaitanov and other relevant personnel's research on the mechanical properties of laser welds, it is found that the weld width of laser lap welding is an important index that affects the static mechanical properties and fatigue properties of welds. Therefore, measuring the width of the weld seam is very necessary for the safety of vehicle operation.
兰姆波检测作为一种快速的薄板无损检测方法，在薄板探伤中有很重要的地位。兰姆波检测相对传统超声体波检测有以下两点优势：第一，兰姆波在检测过程传播距离远，探头固定一点即可以检测一条线，检测效率高；第二，兰姆波在薄板的整个壁厚方向都存在振动，所以兰姆波可实现整个厚度方向的检测。因此兰姆波相对于体波，更适合于薄板探伤。同时，兰姆波检测技术方法也被列入国内外的一些标准中，如美国军用标准MIL-STD-2154《变形金属超声波检验方法》、宇航材料规范AMS-2632《0.5英寸以下厚度薄板材料的超声检验》，以及我国军用标准GJB-1580《变形金属超声波检验方法》等。As a fast non-destructive testing method for thin plates, Lamb wave detection plays an important role in thin plate flaw detection. Compared with traditional ultrasonic body wave detection, Lamb wave detection has the following two advantages: first, Lamb wave has a long propagation distance in the detection process, and a line can be detected by fixing the probe at one point, with high detection efficiency; There is vibration in the entire wall thickness direction, so the Lamb wave can realize the detection of the entire thickness direction. Therefore, Lamb wave is more suitable for thin plate flaw detection than body wave. At the same time, the Lamb wave detection technology method has also been included in some domestic and foreign standards, such as the U.S. military standard MIL-STD-2154 "Ultrasonic inspection method for deformed metals", aerospace material specification AMS-2632 "The thickness of thin plate materials below 0.5 inches" Ultrasonic Inspection", and my country's military standard GJB-1580 "Ultrasonic Inspection Method for Deformed Metals", etc.
兰姆波自身的一些缺点也给探伤带来一定的局限性。主要表现为以下几点：第一，兰姆波随激励频率和板厚的变化，存在不同数量的兰姆波模态。即使在很低的频厚积下，也会存在对称模态S0和反对称模态A0。在多个模态存在的情况下，兰姆波和缺陷作用后的信号很复杂，不利于缺陷识别和定位。第二，兰姆波的相速度和群速度随频率发生变化，造成了兰姆波存在频散现象。即兰姆波随传播距离增加，兰姆波的波包和能量发生扩散，导致兰姆波信号的可辨度降低。为了避免兰姆波自身缺点对检测的影响，在兰姆波检测时，要求激励出的模态数量少、激励出的模态频散要尽可能地小。Some shortcomings of Lamb wave itself also bring certain limitations to flaw detection. The main manifestations are as follows: First, there are different numbers of Lamb wave modes as the Lamb wave varies with the excitation frequency and plate thickness. Even at very low frequency-thickness products, there will be a symmetric mode S0 and an antisymmetric mode A0. In the case of multiple modes, the signal after Lamb wave and defect is very complex, which is not conducive to defect identification and location. Second, the phase velocity and group velocity of Lamb waves vary with frequency, which causes the dispersion phenomenon of Lamb waves. That is to say, as the Lamb wave increases with the propagation distance, the wave packet and energy of the Lamb wave will diffuse, resulting in a decrease in the intelligibility of the Lamb wave signal. In order to avoid the influence of the Lamb wave's own shortcomings on the detection, it is required that the number of excited modes is small and the dispersion of the excited modes should be as small as possible during Lamb wave detection.
本发明提供的方法是将S0模态兰姆波应用在激光搭接焊缝宽度的检测中。探头在距离激光搭接焊缝适当长度的薄板中，激励出频散较小的S0模态兰姆波。S0模态兰姆波传播一定距离后，经激光搭接焊缝的反射形成反射回波，然后被同一个探头接收，探头接收信号在探伤仪或示波器上显示。经研究发现，S0模态兰姆波的反射系数与激光搭接焊缝宽度在一定范围内呈线性关系，本发明所述方法就是利用这种线性关系，测量激光搭接焊缝的宽度。The method provided by the invention is to apply the S0 mode Lamb wave to the detection of the width of the laser lap welding seam. The probe excites the S0 mode Lamb wave with small dispersion in the thin plate with an appropriate length from the laser lap welding seam. After the S0 mode Lamb wave propagates for a certain distance, the reflected echo is formed by the reflection of the laser lap welding seam, and then received by the same probe, and the signal received by the probe is displayed on the flaw detector or oscilloscope. It is found through research that the reflection coefficient of the S0 mode Lamb wave has a linear relationship with the width of the laser lap weld within a certain range, and the method of the present invention uses this linear relationship to measure the width of the laser lap weld.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种激光搭接焊缝宽度的测量方法，该方法是针对快速测量激光搭接焊缝宽度的需求所提出的，通过使用合适角度的斜探头，在薄板工件上激励出S0模态兰姆波，利用S0模态兰姆波在激光搭接焊缝上的反射系数与焊缝宽度的线性关系，根据探伤仪或示波器上显示的兰姆波反射幅度，来测量激光搭接焊缝的宽度。在一定的误差范围内，该方法有较强的可靠性。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the width of a laser lap weld, which is proposed for the rapid measurement of the width of a laser lap weld. The S0 mode Lamb wave is generated, and the linear relationship between the reflection coefficient of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser lap weld and the weld width is used to measure the laser according to the Lamb wave reflection amplitude displayed on the flaw detector or oscilloscope. The width of the lap weld. Within a certain error range, the method has strong reliability.
本发明具体提供了一种激光搭接焊缝宽度的测量方法，其特征在于：所述检测方法基于S0模态兰姆波在激光搭接焊缝上的反射系数与焊缝宽度的线性关系，利用S0模态兰姆波在激光搭接焊缝上的反射回波幅度来测量激光搭接焊缝的宽度。The present invention specifically provides a method for measuring the width of a laser lap weld, characterized in that: the detection method is based on the linear relationship between the reflection coefficient of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser lap weld and the weld width, The width of the laser lap weld was measured by using the amplitude of the reflected echo of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser lap weld.
本发明所述激光搭接焊缝宽度的测量方法，其特征在于，测量步骤如下：The method for measuring the laser lap weld width of the present invention is characterized in that the measuring steps are as follows:
1)、画出待测薄板的频散曲线；1) Draw the dispersion curve of the thin plate to be tested;
2)、根据频散曲线确立S0模态兰姆波的激励频率；2), establish the excitation frequency of S0 mode Lamb wave according to the dispersion curve;
3)、确定探头的入射角：探头的入射角由以下公式确定：3) Determine the incident angle of the probe: the incident angle of the probe is determined by the following formula:
sinθ/c1＝1/cp，其中，θ为探头的入射角，c1为探头材料中的声速(现有探头一般为有机玻璃，有机玻璃中的纵波声速为2720m/s)，cp为选择的模态S0兰姆波在激励频率下的相速度，其值在频散曲线中求得；sinθ/c1 =1/cp , where θ is the incident angle of the probe, c1 is the sound velocity in the probe material (existing probes are generally plexiglass, and the sound velocity of longitudinal waves in plexiglass is 2720m/s), cp is the phase velocity of the selected mode S0 Lamb wave at the excitation frequency, and its value is obtained from the dispersion curve;
4)、根据激励频率和入射角制作探头；4) Make the probe according to the excitation frequency and incident angle;
5)、制备标准试样；5) Prepare standard samples;
6)、信号采集，记录反射回波峰峰值和该处的焊缝宽度数值；6), signal acquisition, record the peak value of the reflected echo and the value of the weld width at this place;
7)、建立S0模态兰姆波反射系数和焊缝宽度关系；7) Establish the relationship between S0 mode Lamb wave reflection coefficient and weld width;
8)、根据S0模态兰姆波反射系数和焊缝宽度关系，利用S0模态兰姆波反射回波幅度测量激光搭接焊缝宽度，在允许的误差范围内，该方法能有效地检测激光搭接焊缝的宽度。8) According to the relationship between the S0 mode Lamb wave reflection coefficient and the weld width, the laser lap weld width is measured by using the S0 mode Lamb wave reflection echo amplitude. Within the allowable error range, this method can effectively detect The width of the laser lap weld.
兰姆波薄板探伤需要明确激励出的兰姆波模态和频率，所以兰姆波频散曲线的作用最凸显了出来。频散曲线既反映了兰姆波模态的相速度/群速度与频率的关系，也显示出了兰姆波模态数量与频率的关系。频散曲线可由数值方法计算得到，具体制备方法为：计算超声波的纵波速度，计算公式为：其中λ＝vE/[(1+v)(1-2v)]，μ＝E/2(1+v)为材料的拉梅系数，ρ为材料密度，E为弹性模量，v为泊松比；频散曲线由viktolov理论推导的公式经过数值计算求得。The Lamb wave thin plate flaw detection needs to clearly excite the Lamb wave mode and frequency, so the role of the Lamb wave dispersion curve is most prominent. The dispersion curve not only reflects the relationship between the phase velocity/group velocity of the Lamb wave mode and the frequency, but also shows the relationship between the number of Lamb wave modes and the frequency. The dispersion curve can be calculated by numerical methods. The specific preparation method is: calculate the longitudinal wave velocity of the ultrasonic wave, and the calculation formula is: Among them, λ=vE/[(1+v)(1-2v)], μ=E/2(1+v) is the Lame coefficient of the material, ρ is the material density, E is the elastic modulus, and v is Poisson Ratio; the dispersion curve is obtained by numerical calculation based on the formula derived from viktolov theory.
步骤2)S0模态兰姆波激励频率的确立方法为：第一，在选择的激励频率下，激励出的模态个数要尽可能地少。这样兰姆波在发生模态转换后，信号解释相对容易。第二，在选择的激励频率下，激励出的模态频散要尽可能的小；这样兰姆波传播距离长，检测效率更高。第三，选择的激励频率不能过低。由于低的激励频率会导致兰姆波的波长变大，反射波和入射波容易形成叠加，从而造成干涉现象的发生。Step 2) The method for establishing the excitation frequency of S0 mode Lamb wave is as follows: first, under the selected excitation frequency, the number of excited modes should be as small as possible. In this way, the interpretation of the signal is relatively easy after the mode conversion of the Lamb wave. Second, under the selected excitation frequency, the excited modal dispersion should be as small as possible; in this way, the Lamb wave has a longer propagation distance and higher detection efficiency. Third, the selected excitation frequency cannot be too low. Due to the low excitation frequency, the wavelength of the Lamb wave will become larger, and the reflected wave and the incident wave will easily form superposition, resulting in the occurrence of interference phenomenon.
步骤5)制备标准试样：由于检测基于S0模态兰姆波在激光搭接焊缝上的反射系数和焊缝宽度的线性关系，所以在检测之前，需要明确反射系数和焊缝宽度之间的对应关系。首先，需要制作一个已知宽度的激光搭接焊缝。为了满足与被检工件有相同的条件，标准试样的制作应尽可能与实际检测工件相符，甚至取部分被检工件作为标准试样。要求标准试样的焊缝宽度有一定的大小差异，这样有利于建立不同焊缝宽度和回波反射系数的对应关系。标准试样的焊缝宽度由C扫描设备精确测量。Step 5) Prepare the standard sample: Since the detection is based on the linear relationship between the reflection coefficient of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser lap weld and the weld width, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the reflection coefficient and the weld width before detection. corresponding relationship. First, a laser lap weld of known width needs to be made. In order to meet the same conditions as the inspected workpiece, the production of the standard sample should be as consistent as possible with the actual inspected workpiece, and even take part of the inspected workpiece as the standard sample. It is required that the weld seam width of the standard sample has a certain size difference, which is conducive to establishing the corresponding relationship between different weld seam widths and echo reflection coefficients. The weld seam width of standard specimens is accurately measured by C-scan equipment.
步骤6)信号采集：将制作好的斜探头与信号采集和显示装置等连接，形成测量装置，将探头放置在薄板工件表面，使探头声束与激光搭接焊缝的长度方向垂直。调节探头到搭接焊缝的距离、信号采集和显示装置(探伤仪)的增益，使信号采集和显示装置接收到的S0模态兰姆波的反射回波能够与探头始波分离，且反射回波幅度较大、信号易于辨识。记录S0模态兰姆波在激光搭接焊缝上的反射回波信号峰峰值，并记录此处焊缝宽度。Step 6) Signal acquisition: Connect the prepared oblique probe with signal acquisition and display devices to form a measuring device, place the probe on the surface of the thin plate workpiece, and make the sound beam of the probe perpendicular to the length direction of the laser lap weld. Adjust the distance from the probe to the lap weld and the gain of the signal acquisition and display device (flaw detector), so that the reflected echo of the S0 mode Lamb wave received by the signal acquisition and display device can be separated from the initial wave of the probe, and the reflection The echo amplitude is large and the signal is easy to identify. Record the peak-to-peak value of the reflected echo signal of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser lap weld, and record the width of the weld here.
步骤7)建立S0兰姆波反射系数和焊缝宽度关系的方法为：在标准试样上用探头测试多点，得到焊缝宽度和反射回波峰峰值的关系；然后将探头距离等厚薄板的端头相同的长度，发射和接收S0模态兰姆波，并记录S0模态兰姆波在端头上的反射回波峰峰值；S0模态兰姆波在激光焊缝上的反射系数即为：Rc＝Ur/Ui，其中Ur为S0模态兰姆波在搭接焊缝上的反射回波峰峰值，Ui为S0模态兰姆波在薄板端头上的反射回波峰峰值。记录S0模态兰姆波反射系数与焊缝宽度的数值，多次测量后统计数据确定关系曲线。Step 7) The method for establishing the relationship between the S0 Lamb wave reflection coefficient and the weld width is: on the standard sample, use a probe to test multiple points to obtain the relationship between the weld width and the reflected echo peak-to-peak value; The length of the end is the same, the S0 mode Lamb wave is transmitted and received, and the reflection echo peak value of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the end is recorded; the reflection coefficient of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser weld is : Rc ＝Ur /Ui , where Ur is the reflected echo peak of S0 mode Lamb wave on the lap weld, Ui is the reflected echo peak of S0 mode Lamb wave on the sheet end peak. Record the value of S0 modal Lamb wave reflection coefficient and weld width, and determine the relationship curve by statistical data after multiple measurements.
本发明还提供了一种激光搭接焊缝宽度的测量装置，其特征在于：所述检测装置包括探头1、脉冲发射和接收装置2以及信号采集和显示装置3，其中探头1能够激励出S0模态兰姆波，脉冲发射和接收装置2分别与探头1和信号采集和显示装置3相连，用于探头的激励和回波信号的接收，信号采集和显示装置3用于实现信号的采集和显示。所述探头并不局限于制作材料、尺寸、激励频率和入射角度等参数。The present invention also provides a measuring device for the width of a laser lap weld, characterized in that: the detection device includes a probe 1, a pulse transmitting and receiving device 2, and a signal acquisition and display device 3, wherein the probe 1 can excite S0 Modal Lamb wave, the pulse transmitting and receiving device 2 is connected with the probe 1 and the signal acquisition and display device 3 respectively, and is used for the excitation of the probe and the reception of the echo signal, and the signal acquisition and display device 3 is used to realize the acquisition and display of the signal show. The probe is not limited to parameters such as material, size, excitation frequency and incident angle.
本发明采用标准试样4标定S0模态兰姆波在激光搭接焊缝上的反射系数与焊缝宽度的线性关系，该标准试样4不局限于尺寸、结构、焊接方式等。The present invention adopts the standard sample 4 to calibrate the linear relationship between the reflection coefficient of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser lap weld and the weld width, and the standard sample 4 is not limited to the size, structure, welding method and the like.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是待检激光搭接焊缝的模型(其中，11是上薄板，12是下薄板，13是模型激光搭接焊缝)。Fig. 1 is a model of a laser lap weld to be inspected (wherein, 11 is an upper thin plate, 12 is a lower thin plate, and 13 is a model laser lap weld).
图2是2mm厚304不锈钢板的频率和相速度关系的频散曲线。Figure 2 is the dispersion curve of the relationship between frequency and phase velocity for a 2mm thick 304 stainless steel plate.
图3是2mm厚304不锈钢板的频率和群速度关系的频散曲线。Figure 3 is the dispersion curve of the relationship between frequency and group velocity for a 2mm thick 304 stainless steel plate.
图4是标准试样的C扫描结果。Figure 4 is the C-scan result of the standard sample.
图5是用于测量激光搭接焊缝宽度装置的结构示意图(其中，1是探头，2是脉冲发射和接收装置，3是信号采集和显示装置，4是标准试样，5是激光搭接焊缝)。Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a device for measuring the width of a laser lap weld (among them, 1 is a probe, 2 is a pulse transmitting and receiving device, 3 is a signal acquisition and display device, 4 is a standard sample, 5 is a laser lap weld).
图6是S0模态兰姆波在某处焊缝的回波，在信号采集和显示装置上的显示。Fig. 6 is the echo of the S0 mode Lamb wave in a certain welding seam, which is displayed on the signal acquisition and display device.
图7是S0模态兰姆波在激光搭接焊缝的反射系数和焊缝宽度的关系曲线。Fig. 7 is the relationship curve between the reflection coefficient and the weld width of the S0 mode Lamb wave in the laser lap weld.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述，有必要在此指出的是本实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对发明保护范围的限制，该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述本发明的内容作出一些非本质的改进和调整。The present invention is specifically described below through the examples, it is necessary to point out that the present examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the invention, those skilled in the art can according to the above-mentioned present invention The content of the invention makes some non-essential improvements and adjustments.
实施例Example
以检测由两块2mm厚的304不锈钢板激光焊形成的搭接焊缝(如图1，激光搭接焊缝模型)为例，说明用S0模态兰姆波测量激光搭接焊焊缝宽度的方法。Taking the detection of lap welds formed by laser welding of two 2mm thick 304 stainless steel plates (as shown in Figure 1, the model of laser lap welds) as an example, the use of S0 mode Lamb waves to measure the width of laser lap welds is illustrated. Methods.
步骤1)：画出2mm厚304不锈钢板的频散曲线；Step 1): draw the dispersion curve of 2mm thick 304 stainless steel plate;
首先，根据材料参数：密度ρ＝8000kg/m3、弹性模量E＝193GPa、泊松比v＝0.29，来计算超声波的纵波速度。计算公式为：其中λ＝vE/[(1+v)(1-2v)]，μ＝E/2(1+v)为材料的拉梅系数。频散曲线由viktolov理论推导的公式经过数值计算求得，求得2mm厚304不锈钢板的频散曲线如图2、3所示。First, according to the material parameters: density ρ=8000kg/m3 , elastic modulus E=193GPa, and Poisson's ratio v=0.29, the longitudinal wave velocity of the ultrasonic wave is calculated. The calculation formula is: Where λ=vE/[(1+v)(1-2v)], μ=E/2(1+v) is the Lame coefficient of the material. The dispersion curve is obtained by numerical calculation based on the formula derived from viktolov theory, and the dispersion curve of the 2mm thick 304 stainless steel plate is shown in Figures 2 and 3.
步骤2)：确立兰姆波的检测频率；Step 2): Establish the detection frequency of Lamb wave;
根据兰姆波的选择原则，激励出的模态要尽可能的少，在激励频率下模态的频散要尽可能的小。另外，在频率很低的情况下，兰姆波的反射信号宽度大，容易形成反射波和入射波的叠加，从而造成干涉现象的出现。因此，基于以上分析，频厚积选择为1MHz-mm，更适合于S0模态兰姆波检测。According to the selection principle of Lamb waves, the excited modes should be as few as possible, and the dispersion of the modes should be as small as possible at the excitation frequency. In addition, when the frequency is very low, the width of the reflected signal of the Lamb wave is large, and it is easy to form the superposition of the reflected wave and the incident wave, thus causing the appearance of interference phenomenon. Therefore, based on the above analysis, the frequency-thickness product is selected as 1MHz-mm, which is more suitable for S0 mode Lamb wave detection.
步骤3)：确定探头的入射角；Step 3): determine the incident angle of the probe;
探头的入射角经过Snell公式：sinθ/2720＝1/cp来进行计算。其中，θ为探头的入射角，2720m/s为有机玻璃中的声速，cp为选择的模态S0兰姆波在激励频率下的相速度，其值在频散曲线中可求得：cp＝5069m/s。通过公式计算可得：θ＝32.5°。The incident angle of the probe is calculated by the Snell formula: sinθ/2720=1/cp . Among them, θ is the incident angle of the probe, 2720m/s is the speed of sound in the plexiglass, cp is the phase velocity of the selected mode S0 Lamb wave at the excitation frequency, and its value can be obtained from the dispersion curve: cp = 5069 m/s. It can be calculated by the formula: θ=32.5°.
步骤4)：制作探头；Step 4): making the probe;
探头的频率即为兰姆波的激励频率500KHz，探头入射角为可变角探头确定的角度32.5°，晶片尺寸为常用的斜探头晶片尺寸14*14mm。这样确定探头参数后，制作可靠的斜探头。The frequency of the probe is the excitation frequency of the Lamb wave 500KHz, the incident angle of the probe is 32.5° determined by the variable-angle probe, and the chip size is 14*14mm for the commonly used angle probe chip. After the probe parameters are determined in this way, a reliable angle probe can be made.
步骤5)：标准试样的制备；Step 5): preparation of standard sample;
两块2mm厚的304不锈钢板用激光焊焊接，要求形成的搭接焊缝宽度尽可能的存在差异。这样有利于将更大的焊缝宽度范围对应兰姆波反射回波幅度。然后，焊接形成的标准试样需要标定其搭接焊缝的宽度。焊缝宽度用C扫描设备测量，扫描步距为0.05mm，探头频率为20MHz。标准试块的C扫描结果如图4所示。Two 2mm thick 304 stainless steel plates are welded by laser welding, and the width of the formed lap welds is required to be as different as possible. In this way, a larger weld width range corresponds to the Lamb wave reflection echo amplitude. Then, the standard specimen formed by welding needs to calibrate the width of its lap weld. The weld seam width is measured with C-scan equipment, the scanning step is 0.05mm, and the probe frequency is 20MHz. The C-scan results of the standard test block are shown in Figure 4.
步骤6)：信号采集；Step 6): signal collection;
如图5所示，用于测量激光搭接焊缝宽度装置包括探头1、脉冲发射和接收装置2以及信号采集和显示装置3，其中，脉冲发射和接收装置2为Olympus脉冲发射接收器，信号采集和显示装置3使用脉冲发射接收仪和示波器，使用到的设备和配件包括：一个激励频率500KHz、入射角32.5°的斜探头，一个Tektronix数字示波器，一个Olympus脉冲发射接收器，数据线两根。将探头1连接在脉冲发射接收器上，将脉冲发射接收器的输出接在示波器上，如图5所示。将探头1放置在标准试样上，调节探头1距离搭接焊缝5的长度、脉冲发射接收器的发射能量和接收增益、示波器的放大倍数，使得兰姆波回波信号区别始波信号，并且回波清晰可见，如图6所示S0模态兰姆波在某处焊缝上的反射回波。记录反射回波峰峰值和此处的焊缝宽度数值。As shown in Figure 5, the device for measuring the laser lap weld width includes a probe 1, a pulse transmitting and receiving device 2 and a signal acquisition and display device 3, wherein the pulse transmitting and receiving device 2 is an Olympus pulse transmitting receiver, and the signal Acquisition and display device 3 uses a pulse transmitter receiver and an oscilloscope. The equipment and accessories used include: an angle probe with an excitation frequency of 500KHz and an incident angle of 32.5°, a Tektronix digital oscilloscope, an Olympus pulse transmitter receiver, and two data cables . Connect the probe 1 to the pulse transmitter receiver, and connect the output of the pulse transmitter receiver to the oscilloscope, as shown in Figure 5. Place the probe 1 on the standard sample, adjust the distance between the probe 1 and the lap weld 5, the transmitting energy and receiving gain of the pulse transmitter receiver, and the magnification of the oscilloscope, so that the Lamb wave echo signal can be distinguished from the initial wave signal. And the echo is clearly visible, as shown in Figure 6, the reflected echo of the S0 mode Lamb wave on a certain weld. Record the peak-to-peak value of the reflected echo and the weld width here.
步骤7)：建立S0兰姆波反射系数和焊缝宽度关系；Step 7): establishing the relationship between S0 Lamb wave reflection coefficient and weld width;
在标准试样上用探头测试多点，得到焊缝宽度和反射回波峰峰值的关系。然后，将探头距离端头相同的长度，测量反射回波峰峰值。S0模态兰姆波在激光焊缝上的反射系数即为：Rc＝Ur/Ui，其中，Ur为S0模态兰姆波在搭接焊缝上的反射回波峰峰值，Ui为S0模态兰姆波在薄板端头上的反射回波峰峰值。这样就建立了S0模态兰姆波在激光搭接焊缝上的反射系数和焊缝宽度的关系，如图7所示。Use the probe to test multiple points on the standard sample to obtain the relationship between the width of the weld seam and the peak-to-peak value of the reflected echo. Then, hold the probe the same length from the tip and measure the reflected back peak-to-peak. The reflection coefficient of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser weld is: Rc = Ur /Ui , where Ur is the reflection peak value of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the lap weld, and Ui is the reflection peak-to-peak value of the S0 mode Lamb wave at the end of the thin plate. In this way, the relationship between the reflection coefficient of the S0 mode Lamb wave on the laser lap weld and the weld width is established, as shown in Figure 7.
步骤8)：利用S0模态兰姆波反射回波幅度测量激光搭接焊缝宽度；Step 8): Using the S0 mode Lamb wave reflection echo amplitude to measure the width of the laser lap weld;
建立焊缝宽度和S0模态兰姆波反射系数的关系后，就可以利用兰姆波的反射回波幅度来测量焊缝的宽度。这种方法在一定允许误差范围内，有较强的可靠性。After establishing the relationship between the width of the weld and the reflection coefficient of the Lamb wave in the S0 mode, the width of the weld can be measured by using the reflected echo amplitude of the Lamb wave. This method has strong reliability within a certain allowable error range.
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201510237438.6ACN104833323B (en) | 2015-05-12 | 2015-05-12 | The method that laser lap weld width is measured using S0 mode Lamb waves reflection echo |
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| CN201510237438.6ACN104833323B (en) | 2015-05-12 | 2015-05-12 | The method that laser lap weld width is measured using S0 mode Lamb waves reflection echo |
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