技术领域technical field
本发明属于油藏开采技术领域，尤其涉及一种油藏采收器。The invention belongs to the technical field of oil reservoir exploitation, and in particular relates to an oil reservoir recovery device.
背景技术Background technique
稠油油藏在世界上分布十分广泛，据统计，稠油(包括沥青)油藏地质储量至少在已探明的常规原油储量的4倍以上，乐观估计甚至可以超过6倍。随着人们对深水的探索，深水稠油受到越来越来的关注，其开采开发活动也已在世界各地展开。Heavy oil reservoirs are widely distributed in the world. According to statistics, the geological reserves of heavy oil (including bitumen) reservoirs are at least four times that of proven conventional crude oil reserves, and even more than six times in optimistic estimates. With the exploration of deep water, deep water heavy oil has received more and more attention, and its exploitation and development activities have also been carried out all over the world.
不过，深水油田水深所处一般在500至2500米，由于其深度较深等因素，会在海底形成一个低温区域，加之稠油的温度敏感性，以及其本身粘度较高，因此在低温区域会流动困难，甚至逐渐失去流动性，使油井无法维持正常生产。However, the water depth of deep-water oil fields is generally between 500 and 2,500 meters. Due to factors such as its deep depth, a low-temperature area will be formed on the seabed. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of heavy oil and its own high viscosity, so in the low-temperature area. The flow is difficult, and even gradually loses fluidity, so that the oil well cannot maintain normal production.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是为了克服现有技术中的不足，提供了一种结构合理，在采油过程中可以对粘度较高的稠油进行降黏处理，从而提高了稠油流动性，可保证稠油油藏顺利采集的油藏采收器。In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of reasonable structure, which can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil with high viscosity in the process of oil production, thereby improving the fluidity of heavy oil and ensuring the stability of heavy oil reservoirs. Reservoir collector for smooth collection.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种油藏采收器，包括主油管、上端开口的空心的抽油杆、伸入海底泥线之下的油井筒，所述的油井筒上设有一具有内腔的隔水管，所述的隔水管顶部伸出海面，油井筒的筒壁与隔水管的管壁之间密封连接，主油管穿过隔水管的内腔，主油管下端伸入油井筒中，所述的主油管内设有螺杆泵，所述的螺杆泵的主工作螺杆的上端与抽油杆的下端相连，所述的螺杆泵处在主油管的下端处，所述的油井筒上具有射孔弹孔，所述的射孔弹孔伸入油藏储层，所述的油井筒内下部设有防砂筛管，所述的防砂筛管顶部具有筛管出油口，所述的筛管出油口与螺杆泵的进油口相通，所述的油井筒中设有筛管封隔器，所述的防砂筛管穿过筛管封隔器，所述的防砂筛管外壁与筛管封隔器之间密封连接，所述的筛管封隔器与油井筒内壁之间密封连接，所述的抽油杆内设有电缆，所述的电缆一端连接供电源，电缆另一端连接抽油杆的底端，所述的抽油杆的顶端通过电线接回供电源，所述的电缆包括内导线、外绝缘包套，所述的抽油杆与螺杆泵的主工作螺杆之间绝缘，所述的油井筒底部设有至少两根预设桩杆，所述的预设桩杆顶部顶住筛管封隔器的底部。An oil reservoir recovery device, comprising a main oil pipe, a hollow sucker rod with an open upper end, and an oil wellbore extending below the seabed mud line, the oil wellbore is provided with a water riser with an inner cavity, and the The top of the riser protrudes from the sea surface, the wall of the oil wellbore and the pipe wall of the riser are sealed and connected, the main oil pipe passes through the inner cavity of the riser, and the lower end of the main oil pipe extends into the oil wellbore. Screw pump, the upper end of the main working screw of the screw pump is connected to the lower end of the sucker rod, the screw pump is located at the lower end of the main oil pipe, the oil well bore has perforating bullet holes, the The perforating bullet hole extends into the oil reservoir, and the lower part of the oil well bore is provided with a sand control screen, and the top of the sand control screen has an oil outlet of the screen, and the oil outlet of the screen is connected with the screw pump. The oil inlets are connected, and a screen packer is installed in the oil wellbore, and the sand control screen passes through the screen packer, and the outer wall of the sand control screen is sealed and connected with the screen packer. , the screen packer is sealed and connected to the inner wall of the oil wellbore, and a cable is provided inside the sucker rod, one end of the cable is connected to a power supply, and the other end of the cable is connected to the bottom end of the sucker rod, so The top of the sucker rod is connected back to the power supply through a wire, the cable includes an inner wire and an outer insulating sheath, the sucker rod is insulated from the main working screw of the screw pump, and the bottom of the oil wellbore At least two preset piles are provided, and the tops of the preset piles bear against the bottom of the screen packer.
作为优选，所述的油井筒中设有油管封隔器，所述的主油管外壁与油管封隔器之间密封连接，所述的油管封隔器与油井筒内壁之间密封连接，油管封隔器、筛管封隔器、油井筒的内壁之间形成沉水蓄油腔，所述的沉水蓄油腔的口径大于防砂筛管的口径。Preferably, a tubing packer is provided in the oil wellbore, the outer wall of the main tubing is in sealing connection with the tubing packer, the tubing packer is in sealing connection with the inner wall of the oil wellbore, and the tubing seal A submerged oil storage chamber is formed between the spacer, the screen packer and the inner wall of the oil wellbore, and the diameter of the submerged oil storage chamber is larger than that of the sand control screen.
作为优选，所述的螺杆泵的主工作螺杆下端连接一下接杆，所述的沉水蓄油腔内设有防直吸横挡板，所述的防直吸横挡板连接在下接杆上，所述的防直吸横挡板外侧边缘与沉水蓄油腔的腔壁之间形成上油通道，所述的下接杆上设有多根搅动横杆，所述的搅动横杆一端固定在下接杆上，所述的搅动横杆处在防直吸横挡板下方。As a preference, the lower end of the main working screw of the screw pump is connected to the lower connecting rod, and the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle is arranged in the described submerged oil storage chamber, and the described anti-direct suction horizontal baffle is connected to the lower connecting rod , the oil passage is formed between the outer edge of the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle and the cavity wall of the submerged oil storage chamber, and a plurality of stirring cross bars are arranged on the described lower connecting rod, and one end of the stirring cross bar It is fixed on the lower extension rod, and the agitation cross bar is located below the anti-straight suction cross baffle.
作为优选，所述的抽油杆下端开口，所述的螺杆泵的主工作螺杆为上、下端开口的空心螺杆，所述的抽油杆的上端开口连接一个二氧化碳供气泵，所述的二氧化碳供气泵连接二氧化碳气源，所述的抽油杆与主工作螺杆之间连通，所述的下接杆为上、下端开口的空心杆，所述的下接杆与主工作螺杆连接且连通，所述的下接杆下端伸入防砂筛管内，所述的下接杆上设有多个处在防砂筛管内的入气口，所述的入气口上设有入气单向阀。As a preference, the lower end of the sucker rod is open, the main working screw of the screw pump is a hollow screw with upper and lower ends open, and the upper end of the sucker rod is connected to a carbon dioxide air supply pump, and the carbon dioxide supply The air pump is connected to the carbon dioxide gas source, the sucker rod communicates with the main working screw, the lower connecting rod is a hollow rod with upper and lower ends open, and the lower connecting rod is connected and communicated with the main working screw. The lower end of the lower connecting rod extends into the sand control screen, and the lower connecting rod is provided with a plurality of air inlets in the sand control screen, and the air inlets are provided with an air inlet check valve.
作为优选，所有入气口竖直排列呈一直线，所述的防砂筛管内设有间歇入气套，所述的下接杆与间歇入气套之间转动连接且下接杆外壁与间歇入气套内壁之间密封，所述的间歇入气套上设有一排竖直的入气孔，每个入气孔均与其中一个入气口对应连通。As a preference, all the air inlets are vertically arranged in a straight line, the sand control screen is provided with an intermittent air inlet sleeve, the lower connecting rod is rotationally connected with the intermittent air inlet sleeve, and the outer wall of the lower connecting rod is connected to the intermittent air inlet sleeve. The inner wall of the sleeve is sealed, and the intermittent air inlet sleeve is provided with a row of vertical air inlet holes, and each air inlet hole is connected with one of the air inlet ports.
作为优选，所述的下接杆上设有多个混气口，所述的混气口上设有混气单向阀，所述的下接杆外设有间歇混气套，所述的下接杆与间歇混气套之间转动连接且下接杆外壁与间歇混气套内壁之间密封，所述的间歇混气套处在防直吸横挡板与螺杆泵之间，所述的间歇混气套上设有若干混气孔，每个混气孔均可与其中一个混气口对应连通。As a preference, the lower connecting rod is provided with a plurality of gas mixing ports, the gas mixing port is provided with a gas mixing check valve, the lower connecting rod is provided with an intermittent gas mixing sleeve, and the lower connecting rod is provided with an intermittent gas mixing sleeve. The rod and the intermittent air mixing sleeve are connected in rotation and the outer wall of the lower connecting rod is sealed with the inner wall of the intermittent air mixing sleeve. The intermittent air mixing sleeve is located between the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle and the screw pump. The intermittent The gas mixing sleeve is provided with a plurality of gas mixing holes, and each gas mixing hole can be communicated with one of the gas mixing ports correspondingly.
作为优选，所述的抽油杆与电缆之间设有海绵筒层，所述的海绵筒层连接在抽油杆内壁上，所述的海绵筒层内设有穿线孔，所述的电缆穿过穿线孔，所述的海绵筒层将电缆与抽油杆隔开。As a preference, a sponge tube layer is provided between the sucker rod and the cable, and the sponge tube layer is connected to the inner wall of the sucker rod, and a threading hole is provided in the sponge tube layer, and the cable goes through Through the threading hole, the sponge tube layer separates the cable from the sucker rod.
作为优选，所述的抽油杆的上端开口与一供水泵的出水端连通，所述的供水泵的进水端连接水源。Preferably, the upper opening of the sucker rod communicates with a water outlet of a water supply pump, and the water inlet of the water supply pump is connected to a water source.
作为优选，所述的主油管上设有油管扶正器，所述的油管扶正器顶端高度与油井筒顶端高度一致，所述的油管扶正器内设有加热腔，所述的保温腔内设有加热器，加热器的加热头伸入主油管内，所述的隔水管内壁上设有保温层。As a preference, a tubing centralizer is provided on the main tubing, the height of the top of the tubing centralizer is consistent with the height of the top of the oil wellbore, a heating chamber is provided in the tubing centralizer, and a heating chamber is provided in the heat preservation chamber. A heater, the heating head of the heater extends into the main oil pipe, and the inner wall of the riser is provided with an insulating layer.
作为优选，所述的外绝缘包套包括多个绝缘套段，所述的绝缘套段的内壁压紧内导线，相邻绝缘套段之间设有弹性连接鼓，所述的弹性连接鼓与绝缘套段之间为一体成型结构，所述的弹性连接鼓内壁与内导线之间具有间隙。As a preference, the outer insulating sheath includes a plurality of insulating sheath sections, the inner walls of the insulating sheath sections compress the inner conductor, and elastic connecting drums are arranged between adjacent insulating sheath sections, and the elastic connecting drums are connected to The insulation sleeve segments are integrally formed, and there is a gap between the inner wall of the elastic connecting drum and the inner wire.
本发明的有益效果是：能对稠油进行合理加热，使其粘度降低，利于采集；可以通入二氧化碳气体以及水蒸气，对即将上升，以及上升过程中的原油进行降黏；通气过程中同时提供了冷却保护功能，保护导线，防止其受损；具有不同的混气降黏结构，从整体上更科学地分配热量和气体，进一步提升原油降黏效果，保证采油的效率和效果。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the heavy oil can be reasonably heated to reduce its viscosity, which is beneficial for collection; carbon dioxide gas and water vapor can be introduced to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil that is about to rise and in the process of rising; Provides a cooling protection function to protect the wire and prevent it from being damaged; it has a different gas-mixed viscosity-reducing structure, which distributes heat and gas more scientifically as a whole, further improves the crude oil viscosity-reducing effect, and ensures the efficiency and effect of oil recovery.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2是本发明沉水蓄油腔处的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the submerged oil storage cavity of the present invention;
图3是本发明入气口处的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the air inlet of the present invention;
图4是本发明间歇入气套处的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the intermittent air inlet jacket of the present invention;
图5是本发明间歇混气套处的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the intermittent gas mixing jacket of the present invention;
图6是本发明抽油杆内部的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the sucker rod of the present invention;
图7是本发明的电缆的结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the cable of the present invention.
图中：主油管1、抽油杆2、海底泥线3、油井筒4、隔水管5、海面6、螺杆泵7、射孔弹孔8、油藏储层9、防砂筛管10、筛管封隔器11、电缆12、外绝缘包套13、油管封隔器14、沉水蓄油腔15、下接杆16、防直吸横挡板17、上油通道18、搅动横杆19、二氧化碳供气泵20、入气口21、间歇入气套22、入气孔23、混气口24、间歇混气套25、混气孔26、海绵筒层27、供水泵28、油管扶正器29、间隙30、内导线31、绝缘套段32、弹性连接鼓33、预设桩杆34。In the figure: main tubing 1, sucker rod 2, seabed mud line 3, oil wellbore 4, riser 5, sea surface 6, screw pump 7, perforating bullet hole 8, oil reservoir 9, sand control screen 10, screen Pipe packer 11, cable 12, outer insulating sheath 13, tubing packer 14, submerged oil storage chamber 15, lower extension rod 16, anti-direct suction horizontal baffle 17, oiling channel 18, agitation cross bar 19 , Carbon dioxide air supply pump 20, air inlet 21, intermittent air inlet sleeve 22, air inlet hole 23, air mixing port 24, intermittent air mixing sleeve 25, air mixing hole 26, sponge tube layer 27, water supply pump 28, tubing centralizer 29, gap 30 , Inner conductor 31, insulating sleeve section 32, elastic connecting drum 33, preset pile rod 34.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1、图2、图3、图4、图5、图6、图7所示的实施例中，一种油藏采收器，包括主油管1、上端开口的空心的抽油杆2、伸入海底泥线3之下的油井筒4，所述的油井筒上设有一具有内腔的隔水管5，所述的隔水管顶部伸出海面6，油井筒的筒壁与隔水管的管壁之间密封连接，主油管穿过隔水管的内腔，主油管下端伸入油井筒中，所述的主油管内设有螺杆泵7，所述的螺杆泵的主工作螺杆的上端与抽油杆的下端相连，所述的螺杆泵处在主油管的下端处，所述的油井筒上具有射孔弹孔8，所述的射孔弹孔伸入油藏储层9，所述的油井筒内下部设有防砂筛管10，所述的防砂筛管顶部具有筛管出油口，所述的筛管出油口与螺杆泵的进油口相通，所述的油井筒中设有筛管封隔器11，所述的防砂筛管穿过筛管封隔器，所述的防砂筛管外壁与筛管封隔器之间密封连接，所述的筛管封隔器与油井筒内壁之间密封连接，所述的抽油杆内设有电缆12，所述的电缆一端连接供电源，电缆另一端连接抽油杆的底端，所述的抽油杆的顶端通过电线接回供电源，所述的电缆包括内导线31、外绝缘包套13，所述的抽油杆与螺杆泵的主工作螺杆之间绝缘，所述的油井筒底部设有至少两根预设桩杆34，所述的预设桩杆顶部顶住筛管封隔器的底部。In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, and Fig. 7, an oil reservoir recovery device includes a main oil pipe 1 and a hollow sucker rod 2 with an open upper end , extending into the oil well shaft 4 below the seabed mud line 3, the oil well shaft is provided with a riser 5 with an inner cavity, the top of the riser stretches out from the sea surface 6, the wall of the oil well shaft and the riser The pipe walls are sealed and connected, the main oil pipe passes through the inner chamber of the riser, and the lower end of the main oil pipe extends into the oil wellbore. The main oil pipe is provided with a screw pump 7, and the upper end of the main working screw of the screw pump is connected to the The lower ends of the sucker rods are connected, the screw pump is located at the lower end of the main oil pipe, the oil wellbore has perforating bullet holes 8, and the perforating bullet holes extend into the oil reservoir 9, and the The lower part of the oil wellbore is provided with a sand control screen 10, and the top of the sand control screen has a screen oil outlet, and the screen oil outlet is connected with the oil inlet of the screw pump. There is a screen packer 11, the sand control screen passes through the screen packer, the outer wall of the sand control screen is sealed with the screen packer, and the screen packer is connected to the oil The inner walls of the wellbore are sealed and connected, and a cable 12 is arranged inside the sucker rod, one end of the cable is connected to the power supply, the other end of the cable is connected to the bottom end of the sucker rod, and the top end of the sucker rod is connected to the Back to the power supply, the cable includes an inner conductor 31 and an outer insulating sheath 13, the sucker rod is insulated from the main working screw of the screw pump, and the bottom of the oil well shaft is provided with at least two preset piles Rod 34, the top of the preset pile rod bears against the bottom of the screen packer.
电缆伸入空心的抽油杆里，二者在抽油杆的底端相接，再配上供电源、电线，形成一个加热回路，电流经电缆流入，由空心的抽油杆流出，靠外绝缘包套进行电隔离。当有交流电通过上述加热回路，因集肤效应、邻近效应、滞后效应以及电缆本身的导电产热等因素，共同作用发热。粘度较高的稠油是通过螺杆泵、主油管来进行输送的，空心的抽油杆则正处在主油管之内，一则用于连接螺杆泵的主工作螺杆(不论单螺杆泵、多螺杆泵，至少都会具有主工作螺杆，用以承接动力的输入)来完成带动旋转、抽油、油流举升动作，二则其上产生的热量被所举升的介质(油流)带走，实现了对主油管内部稠油自下而上的全过程加热，从而达到增温降黏，改善其流动性和提高油井举升效果的目的。The cable extends into the hollow sucker rod, and the two are connected at the bottom of the sucker rod, and then equipped with a power supply and wires to form a heating circuit. The current flows in through the cable and flows out from the hollow sucker rod. The insulating sheath provides electrical isolation. When an alternating current passes through the above-mentioned heating circuit, due to factors such as skin effect, proximity effect, hysteresis effect, and the heat generated by the conduction of the cable itself, it will generate heat together. Viscous heavy oil is transported through the screw pump and the main oil pipe, the hollow sucker rod is in the main oil pipe, and one is used to connect the main working screw of the screw pump (whether single screw pump, multiple A screw pump, at least, will have a main working screw, which is used to accept power input) to complete the driving rotation, oil pumping, and oil flow lifting actions, and secondly, the heat generated on it will be taken away by the lifted medium (oil flow) , to achieve the whole process of heating the heavy oil inside the main oil pipe from bottom to top, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing temperature and reducing viscosity, improving its fluidity and improving the lifting effect of oil wells.
所述的油井筒中设有油管封隔器14，所述的主油管外壁与油管封隔器之间密封连接，所述的油管封隔器与油井筒内壁之间密封连接，油管封隔器、筛管封隔器、油井筒的内壁之间形成沉水蓄油腔15，所述的沉水蓄油腔的口径大于防砂筛管的口径。油藏开采的过程中，必然会有采油输送的过程，这一过程通常是采用动力泵(如螺杆泵)来进行抽油以及对原油的举升。而在实际中，被抽取和举升的介质绝不会只有原油，而是会含有大量杂质以及海水等，在有些情况下，含水率甚至会超过九成(油藏粘度过高，难以抽取，从而会抽到大量相对易流动的海水，或是油藏本身含水率较高等因素导致)。原油(稠油)与海水一起，从防砂筛管进入后，在螺杆泵吸力的作用下，开始上升，此时会先进入到沉水蓄油腔，沉水蓄油腔的口径较大，因此原油、海水会在此处短暂停留，由于此处的原油是已经被抽上来的原油，因此粘度相对油藏储层内的稠油而言要低，相对也更稀。原油、海水在沉水蓄油腔内会开始初步分层，水向下、油向上，大量原油会更靠近螺杆泵的抽油端，从而能有效提高螺杆泵的抽油效率，减少被举升海水的比例，减少额外能耗，提升采油效果。而向下沉降的海水，随着后续原油的继续进入、上下分层，会不断被向下挤压，永远停留在下部或者流回油藏储层区域。The oil wellbore is provided with a tubing packer 14, the outer wall of the main tubing is in sealing connection with the tubing packer, the tubing packer is in sealing connection with the inner wall of the oil wellbore, and the tubing packer A submerged oil storage cavity 15 is formed between the screen packer and the inner wall of the oil wellbore, and the diameter of the submerged oil storage cavity is larger than that of the sand control screen. In the process of oil reservoir exploitation, there must be a process of oil production and transportation. This process usually uses a power pump (such as a screw pump) to pump oil and lift crude oil. In reality, the pumped and lifted medium will not only contain crude oil, but will contain a large amount of impurities and sea water, etc., and in some cases, the water content will even exceed 90% (the reservoir viscosity is too high, it is difficult to extract, As a result, a large amount of relatively easy-flowing seawater will be pumped, or it may be caused by factors such as the high water content of the reservoir itself). Crude oil (heavy oil) and seawater, after entering through the sand control screen, start to rise under the action of the screw pump suction, and at this time will first enter the submerged oil storage chamber, the diameter of the submerged oil storage chamber is relatively large, so Crude oil and seawater will stay here for a short time. Since the crude oil here is the crude oil that has been pumped up, its viscosity is lower than that of the heavy oil in the reservoir, and it is relatively thinner. Crude oil and seawater will begin to stratify in the submerged oil storage chamber, with the water going down and the oil going up, and a large amount of crude oil will be closer to the pumping end of the screw pump, thereby effectively improving the pumping efficiency of the screw pump and reducing being lifted The proportion of seawater reduces additional energy consumption and improves oil recovery. However, the seawater that sinks downward will continue to be squeezed downward as the subsequent crude oil continues to enter and stratify up and down, and will stay in the lower part forever or flow back to the reservoir area.
所述的螺杆泵的主工作螺杆下端连接一下接杆16，所述的沉水蓄油腔内设有防直吸横挡板17，所述的防直吸横挡板连接在下接杆上，所述的防直吸横挡板外侧边缘与沉水蓄油腔的腔壁之间形成上油通道18，所述的下接杆上设有多根搅动横杆19，所述的搅动横杆一端固定在下接杆上，所述的搅动横杆处在防直吸横挡板下方。原油与海水一起从防砂筛管上端流出后，为了避免螺杆泵直吸原油而导致同时吸入大量海水，特设置一防直吸横挡板，有了防直吸横挡板后，原油(稠油)与海水都需要通过曲折的路径，经由上油通道才能达到防直吸横挡板上方、螺杆泵抽油端下方，在此过程中，能更好地进行原油与海水的分离、使其分层。再者，下接杆上具有搅动横杆，因此，稠油与海水在分离分层的过程中，粘稠的原油会被搅动，从而分散降黏，如此能够更好地让原油上升，压迫海水下沉，使得防直吸横挡板上方液体中原油比例进一步提升，从而能更好地提高抽油效率。The lower end of the main working screw of the screw pump is connected to the lower connecting rod 16, and the described submerged oil storage chamber is provided with an anti-direct suction horizontal baffle 17, and the described anti-direct suction horizontal baffle is connected to the lower connecting rod, An upper oil channel 18 is formed between the outer edge of the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle and the wall of the submerged oil storage chamber, and a plurality of stirring cross bars 19 are arranged on the lower connecting rod, and the stirring cross bars One end is fixed on the lower connecting rod, and the agitating cross bar is located below the anti-straight suction horizontal baffle. After the crude oil and seawater flow out from the upper end of the sand control screen, in order to prevent the screw pump from directly sucking crude oil and causing a large amount of seawater to be sucked in at the same time, an anti-direct suction horizontal baffle is specially set up. With the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle, the crude oil (heavy oil ) and seawater need to go through a tortuous path, through the oil passage to reach the top of the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle and the bottom of the screw pump oil end. layer. Furthermore, there is a stirring bar on the lower connecting rod. Therefore, during the process of separating and stratifying the heavy oil and seawater, the viscous crude oil will be stirred to disperse and reduce the viscosity, so that the crude oil can rise better and the seawater can be compressed. The sinking makes the proportion of crude oil in the liquid above the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle further increase, so that the oil pumping efficiency can be better improved.
所述的抽油杆下端开口，所述的螺杆泵的主工作螺杆为上、下端开口的空心螺杆，所述的抽油杆的上端开口连接一个二氧化碳供气泵20，所述的二氧化碳供气泵连接二氧化碳气源，所述的抽油杆与主工作螺杆之间连通，所述的下接杆为上、下端开口的空心杆，所述的下接杆与主工作螺杆连接且连通，所述的下接杆下端伸入防砂筛管内，所述的下接杆上设有多个处在防砂筛管内的入气口21，所述的入气口上设有入气单向阀。The lower end of the sucker rod is open, the main working screw of the screw pump is a hollow screw with upper and lower ends open, the upper end of the sucker rod is connected to a carbon dioxide air supply pump 20, and the carbon dioxide air supply pump is connected to Carbon dioxide gas source, the sucker rod communicates with the main working screw, the lower connecting rod is a hollow rod with upper and lower ends open, the lower connecting rod is connected and communicated with the main working screw, and the The lower end of the lower connecting rod extends into the sand control screen, and the lower connecting rod is provided with a plurality of air inlets 21 in the sand control screen, and the air inlets are provided with an air inlet check valve.
二氧化碳不仅能溶于原油，而且原油中的烃类分子也能进入气相。而吸收了二氧化碳后的原油，饱和压力上升，粘度急剧降低，从而可直接实现一定程度上的稠油降黏。在采油过程中，二氧化碳供气泵会进行供气，二氧化碳经抽油杆、主工作螺杆、下接杆进入到防砂筛管，原油从外部进入防砂筛管后，会直接吸收二氧化碳，达到混相状态。吸收二氧化碳降黏后的原油，相较原来能够更轻易地上升进入沉水蓄油腔，从而与原来相比，同样的抽油能耗，可以让更高比例的原油进入主油管。此外，本发明的电加热结构，虽然能良好地达成加热和绝缘隔离，但是抽油杆内部温度始终会处在一个较高的状态，分开进行分析的话，抽油杆内、电缆外的热量尚能被较快地吸收带走，起到降黏作用，但电缆的外绝缘包套上以及外绝缘包套内的热量，散失起来就很慢，从而会导致电缆本身温度过高，外绝缘包套极易受损，而在抽油杆内不断通过二氧化碳，可以有效带走这些难以快速散失的热量，达到冷却保护的效果，并且，这些热量经由二氧化碳的携带，又会直接传导给防砂筛管内的原油，从而使得防砂筛管内的原油可以被降黏，从而更轻易地被抽取、举升，避免防砂筛管内的原油温度处在倾点以下，从而保证原油的顺利采集。Carbon dioxide is not only soluble in crude oil, but also hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil can enter the gas phase. However, after absorbing carbon dioxide, the saturation pressure of the crude oil increases, and the viscosity decreases sharply, so that a certain degree of viscosity reduction of heavy oil can be directly realized. During the oil production process, the carbon dioxide gas supply pump will supply gas, and the carbon dioxide enters the sand control screen through the sucker rod, the main working screw, and the lower extension rod. After crude oil enters the sand control screen from the outside, it will directly absorb carbon dioxide and reach a mixed phase state. The crude oil after absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing its viscosity can rise into the submerged oil storage chamber more easily than before, so that a higher proportion of crude oil can enter the main oil pipe with the same pumping energy consumption compared with the original. In addition, although the electric heating structure of the present invention can achieve good heating and insulation isolation, the internal temperature of the sucker rod will always be in a relatively high state. It can be absorbed and taken away quickly to reduce the viscosity, but the heat on the outer insulating sheath of the cable and in the outer insulating sheath will be dissipated very slowly, which will cause the temperature of the cable itself to be too high and the outer insulating sheath The jacket is very easy to be damaged, and the continuous passage of carbon dioxide in the sucker rod can effectively take away the heat that is difficult to dissipate quickly to achieve the effect of cooling protection, and the heat is carried by carbon dioxide and will be directly transmitted to the sand control screen crude oil, so that the viscosity of the crude oil in the sand control screen can be reduced, so that it can be extracted and lifted more easily, and the temperature of the crude oil in the sand control screen can be prevented from being below the pour point, so as to ensure the smooth collection of crude oil.
所有入气口竖直排列呈一直线，所述的防砂筛管内设有间歇入气套22，所述的下接杆与间歇入气套之间转动连接且下接杆外壁与间歇入气套内壁之间密封，所述的间歇入气套上设有一排竖直的入气孔23，每个入气孔均与其中一个入气口对应连通。二氧化碳是由二氧化碳供气泵供给的，由于稠油油藏处在深海，因此对供气压力也有一定要求，为了避免二氧化碳出气不畅，保证降黏效果，采用了上述的结构，二氧化碳达到下接杆下部后，并不能持续排出，在下接杆随着抽油杆一起转动的过程中，只要入气口没有对上入气孔，那么气道(抽油杆、主工作螺杆、下接杆三者的内道)中的二氧化碳就会蓄积，压力上升，直至下接杆转动到入气口对上入气孔后，此时才会有出气的可能性，若此时气道内气压能够挤开海水和原油，那么就会有二氧化碳进入到防砂筛管，实现结合降黏，若气道内气压尚且不足，就会继续累积气体，直至下一次入气口对上入气孔，以此循环。如此一来，就不会要求二氧化碳供气泵具有极大的供气压力，而是可以进行间歇性地自适应供气。并且这样排出的气体，也具有较高的瞬时气压，能够更好地冲开粘稠的原油，提升与原油的结合程度。All air inlets are vertically arranged in a straight line, and the sand control screen is provided with an intermittent air inlet sleeve 22, and the lower connecting rod is rotationally connected with the intermittent air inlet sleeve, and the outer wall of the lower connecting rod is connected to the inner wall of the intermittent air inlet sleeve. Sealing between them, the intermittent air inlet sleeve is provided with a row of vertical air inlet holes 23, and each air inlet hole is correspondingly communicated with one of the air inlet ports. The carbon dioxide is supplied by the carbon dioxide gas supply pump. Since the heavy oil reservoir is located in the deep sea, there is also a certain requirement for the gas supply pressure. In order to avoid the difficulty of carbon dioxide outflow and ensure the viscosity reduction effect, the above structure is adopted, and the carbon dioxide reaches the lower connecting rod. After the lower part, it cannot be discharged continuously. During the process of the lower connecting rod rotating together with the sucker rod, as long as the air inlet is not aligned with the upper air inlet hole, the air passage (the inner part of the sucker rod, the main working screw, and the lower connecting rod) The carbon dioxide in the channel) will accumulate and the pressure will rise until the lower connecting rod is rotated to the air inlet and the upper air hole. At this time, there will be the possibility of gas outlet. If the air pressure in the air channel can squeeze the seawater and crude oil at this time, then Carbon dioxide will enter the sand control screen to achieve combined viscosity reduction. If the air pressure in the airway is still insufficient, the gas will continue to accumulate until the next time the air inlet is aligned with the upper air hole, and this cycle is repeated. In this way, the carbon dioxide gas supply pump is not required to have a huge gas supply pressure, but intermittent self-adaptive gas supply can be performed. Moreover, the gas discharged in this way also has a higher instantaneous pressure, which can better break through the viscous crude oil and increase the degree of combination with crude oil.
所述的下接杆上设有多个混气口24，所述的混气口上设有混气单向阀，所述的下接杆外设有间歇混气套25，所述的下接杆与间歇混气套之间转动连接且下接杆外壁与间歇混气套内壁之间密封，所述的间歇混气套处在防直吸横挡板与螺杆泵之间，所述的间歇混气套上设有若干混气孔26，每个混气孔均可与其中一个混气口对应连通。混气口的原理与入气口基本相同，不同之处在于，可以将混气口的总口径设置的相对较小(相比入气口)，这是因为，入气口提供的二氧化碳，是要与相对温度更低，量更大也更粘稠的防砂筛管内原油进行结合的，而混气口排出的二氧化碳，只需要与防直吸横挡板上方相对粘度低一些、纯度更高的原油来进行结合。不过，且不论混气口、入气口的总口径，单从效果而言，混气口处提供的二氧化碳，可以结合将要进入螺杆泵的纯度较高的原油，进一步达成混相降黏。并且，这部分二氧化碳(对电缆降温过，即被电缆加热过)上携带的热量，直接传导给纯度相对更高的原油(防直吸横挡板上方的介质)，而直接传导给海水的很少，所以热利用率更高。因此混气口、入气口及相关结构，具有互不相同，但都很有效果的降黏功能。The lower connecting rod is provided with a plurality of gas mixing ports 24, the gas mixing port is provided with a gas mixing check valve, the lower connecting rod is provided with an intermittent gas mixing sleeve 25, and the lower connecting rod It is rotationally connected with the intermittent air mixing sleeve and is sealed between the outer wall of the lower rod and the inner wall of the intermittent air mixing sleeve. The intermittent air mixing sleeve is located between the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle and the screw pump. The intermittent mixing air The air jacket is provided with several air mixing holes 26, and each air mixing hole can communicate with one of the air mixing ports correspondingly. The principle of the gas mixing port is basically the same as that of the gas inlet, the difference is that the total diameter of the gas mixing port can be set relatively smaller (compared to the gas inlet), because the carbon dioxide provided by the gas inlet is closer to the relative temperature. Low, larger and more viscous crude oil in the sand control screen is combined, while the carbon dioxide discharged from the gas mixing port only needs to be combined with relatively lower viscosity and higher purity crude oil above the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle. However, regardless of the total caliber of the gas mixing port and the gas inlet, in terms of effect alone, the carbon dioxide provided at the gas mixing port can be combined with the crude oil with higher purity that will enter the screw pump to further achieve miscible viscosity reduction. Moreover, the heat carried by this part of carbon dioxide (that has been cooled by the cable, that is, heated by the cable) is directly transferred to the relatively higher purity crude oil (the medium above the anti-direct suction horizontal baffle), and directly transferred to seawater. Less, so the heat utilization rate is higher. Therefore, the gas mixing port, the gas inlet port and related structures have different but effective viscosity-reducing functions.
所述的抽油杆与电缆之间设有海绵筒层27，所述的海绵筒层连接在抽油杆内壁上，所述的海绵筒层内设有穿线孔，所述的电缆穿过穿线孔，所述的海绵筒层将电缆与抽油杆隔开。空心的抽油杆是对稠油进行加热的主要结构，也是相对高温的结构，其内的电缆并非刚性(出于成本、热胀冷缩和安装难度的考虑，也很难设置成刚性)，容易碰到抽油杆内壁，这样一来，外绝缘包套就容易因温度过高而受损，导致内导线可能接触到抽油杆，形成局部“短路”，影响加热效果。而海绵筒层的存在，可以有效避免这一问题。并且，海绵筒层并不会影响二氧化碳进入到下接杆内气道，相反还会具有一定的防气体逆回能力。A sponge tube layer 27 is provided between the sucker rod and the cable, and the sponge tube layer is connected to the inner wall of the sucker rod, and a threading hole is provided in the sponge tube layer, and the cable passes through the threading hole. hole, and the sponge tube layer separates the cable from the sucker rod. The hollow sucker rod is the main structure for heating heavy oil, and it is also a relatively high-temperature structure. The cables inside it are not rigid (due to considerations of cost, thermal expansion and contraction, and installation difficulty, it is difficult to set them rigid). It is easy to touch the inner wall of the sucker rod. In this way, the outer insulating sheath is easily damaged due to high temperature, and the inner wire may touch the sucker rod, forming a local "short circuit" and affecting the heating effect. The existence of the sponge tube layer can effectively avoid this problem. Moreover, the sponge tube layer will not affect the entry of carbon dioxide into the airway of the lower rod, on the contrary, it will also have a certain ability to prevent gas backflow.
所述的抽油杆的上端开口与一供水泵28的出水端连通，所述的供水泵的进水端连接水源。稠油在抽油杆外、主油管内被加热降黏，不过，螺杆泵下方、防砂筛管附近的稠油，相对升温就少得多，加之其位置更深，这些地方的原油很有可能还有很大一部分达不到倾点，这样就会导致抽油困难。但是，抽油管相对偏高的位置上，由于不断加热，油温会超出倾点较多，这是热量的浪费，也是整套加热结构的不足之处。而有了前面所述的二氧化碳的气道，再配合上海绵筒层以及供水泵后，就能提供更好的加热效果。水源可以直接取用海水，也可是其它水源，水经抽油杆、主工作螺杆、下接杆三者的内道后，由于电缆的加热(其实是水对电缆的冷却，水的冷却效果远远优于二氧化碳，可保证电缆内外不会因过热受损)，已经成为气体，并且，由于海绵筒层的存在，水会先被吸附，然后受热气化，也不存在水还未充分加热就进入下方接触到原油的状况。这些气化后的水，与二氧化碳一样，可起到供热介质的作用，并且由于水的比热大，供热能力要强得多。热量被直接带到螺杆泵下方、防砂筛管内等处，使得防砂筛管处的原油能够升温更多，从而可以有更高比例的原油温度超出倾点，使其可以被顺利举升。上述过程，通过介质(水蒸汽或水蒸汽与二氧化碳的混合气)，使得抽油管内一部分利用率较低甚至可以说是本来会浪费的热量，被提供到了更需要的位置(防砂筛管等油温更低处)，从而有效提升了本发明整体的油流举升效果，减少了热损失。而进入下方的水蒸气会再次变为液态，在达到沉水蓄油腔后，与原油分离、分层。The upper opening of the sucker rod communicates with the water outlet of a water supply pump 28, and the water inlet of the water supply pump is connected to a water source. Heavy oil is heated outside the sucker rod and inside the main oil pipe to reduce its viscosity. However, the heavy oil below the screw pump and near the sand control screen has relatively less temperature rise. In addition, its position is deeper, and the crude oil in these places is likely to be A large part does not reach the pour point, which will lead to difficulties in oil pumping. However, at the relatively high position of the oil suction pipe, due to continuous heating, the oil temperature will exceed the pour point by a lot, which is a waste of heat and is also a deficiency of the whole heating structure. With the carbon dioxide air passage mentioned above, combined with the sponge layer and the water supply pump, a better heating effect can be provided. The water source can be directly taken from seawater, or other water sources. After the water passes through the inner channels of the sucker rod, the main working screw, and the lower extension rod, due to the heating of the cable (in fact, it is the cooling of the water to the cable, the cooling effect of the water is far greater than that of the cable). Far better than carbon dioxide, which can ensure that the inside and outside of the cable will not be damaged by overheating), it has become a gas, and, due to the existence of the sponge tube layer, the water will be adsorbed first, and then vaporized by heat, and there is no such thing as water not being fully heated. Access to crude oil conditions below. The vaporized water, like carbon dioxide, can act as a heat supply medium, and because of the large specific heat of water, the heat supply capacity is much stronger. The heat is directly brought to the bottom of the screw pump, inside the sand control screen, etc., so that the crude oil at the sand control screen can be heated up more, so that a higher proportion of the crude oil temperature can exceed the pour point, so that it can be lifted smoothly. The above process, through the medium (water vapor or the mixture of water vapor and carbon dioxide), makes a part of the oil extraction pipe with a low utilization rate or even heat that would have been wasted, and is provided to a more needed position (sand control screen and other oil lower temperature), thereby effectively improving the overall oil flow lifting effect of the present invention and reducing heat loss. The water vapor that enters below will become liquid again, and after reaching the submerged oil storage chamber, it will be separated and stratified from crude oil.
所述的主油管上设有油管扶正器29，所述的油管扶正器顶端高度与油井筒顶端高度一致，所述的油管扶正器内设有加热腔，所述的保温腔内设有加热器30，加热器的加热头31伸入主油管内，所述的隔水管内壁上设有保温层。油管扶正器属于常规技术，主要可以防止主油管偏移过度。利用油管扶正器开设内部空间，设置额外的加热器，则可以进行复合加热。在一些特殊的位置，进行中间加热从而使得主油管内不会有过长的一段原油油温处在倾点以下，维持油流的顺利举升。油井筒顶端是一个分割线，再向上就是隔水管，油管扶正器应设置在油井筒内，不宜设置在隔水管(材料和强度所限)。而主油管内，一定程度上而言，越向上，对原油低粘度要求越高(单从局部原油角度出发，某部分原油所处位置越高，举升耗能、难度越大)，所以希望高处原油的粘度也不会过高，从而能够让油流举升顺利，而加热器则能够起到二次加热、复合加热的功能，在中间段维持原油的低粘度，增大油流的举升惯性，让主油管内原油整体的流动能力变得更强。The main tubing is provided with a tubing centralizer 29, the height of the top of the tubing centralizer is the same as that of the top of the oil wellbore, the tubing centralizer is provided with a heating cavity, and the thermal insulation cavity is provided with a heater 30. The heating head 31 of the heater extends into the main oil pipe, and the inner wall of the riser is provided with an insulating layer. The tubing centralizer is a conventional technology, which mainly prevents the main tubing from drifting too much. By using the oil pipe centralizer to open the internal space and setting up an additional heater, compound heating can be performed. In some special positions, intermediate heating is carried out so that there will not be an excessively long section of crude oil temperature below the pour point in the main oil pipe, so as to maintain the smooth lifting of the oil flow. The top of the oil wellbore is a dividing line, and upwards is the riser. The tubing centralizer should be installed in the oil wellbore, not in the riser (limited by material and strength). In the main oil pipeline, to a certain extent, the higher the upward direction, the higher the requirement for low viscosity of crude oil (only from the perspective of local crude oil, the higher the position of a certain part of crude oil, the greater the energy consumption and difficulty of lifting), so it is hoped that The viscosity of the crude oil at the height will not be too high, so that the oil flow can be lifted smoothly, and the heater can perform the function of secondary heating and compound heating, maintain the low viscosity of the crude oil in the middle section, and increase the oil flow. The lifting inertia makes the overall flow ability of the crude oil in the main oil pipe stronger.
所述的外绝缘包套包括多个绝缘套段32，所述的绝缘套段的内壁压紧内导线，相邻绝缘套段之间设有弹性连接鼓33，所述的弹性连接鼓与绝缘套段之间为一体成型结构，所述的弹性连接鼓内壁与内导线之间具有间隙。电缆长度很长，有几百上千米，通电发热后内导线会有明显变长，绝缘套段的内壁压紧内导线，所以会被受热变长的内导线带动移动，从而相邻绝缘套段会分的更开，而弹性连接鼓则被拉伸，弹性连接鼓内壁与内导线之间间隙变小，使得外绝缘包套在整体上能更好地适应内导线的变化。The outer insulating sheath includes a plurality of insulating sheath segments 32, the inner walls of the insulating sheath segments compress the inner conductors, and elastic connecting drums 33 are arranged between adjacent insulating sheath segments, and the elastic connecting drums are connected to the insulating sleeves. The sleeve sections are integrally formed, and there is a gap between the inner wall of the elastic connecting drum and the inner wire. The length of the cable is very long, hundreds of thousands of meters, the inner wire will be significantly longer after energized and heated, and the inner wall of the insulating sleeve section will press the inner wire, so it will be moved by the inner wire that is heated and elongated, so that the adjacent insulating sleeve The segments will be further separated, while the elastic connecting drum is stretched, and the gap between the inner wall of the elastic connecting drum and the inner wire becomes smaller, so that the outer insulating sheath can better adapt to the change of the inner wire as a whole.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510113773.5ACN104832147A (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2015-03-16 | Oil reservoir collector |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510113773.5ACN104832147A (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2015-03-16 | Oil reservoir collector |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104832147Atrue CN104832147A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510113773.5APendingCN104832147A (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2015-03-16 | Oil reservoir collector |
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| CN (1) | CN104832147A (en) |
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