技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光纤光栅传感技术领域，尤其涉及一种高温压力管道外壁应变在线监测的光纤光栅传感器，适合于对高温压力管道等各种高温构件表面进行应变在线监测。The invention relates to the field of optical fiber grating sensing technology, in particular to an optical fiber grating sensor for on-line monitoring of strain on the outer wall of a high-temperature pressure pipeline, which is suitable for on-line monitoring of strain on the surfaces of various high-temperature components such as high-temperature pressure pipelines.
背景技术Background technique
自1978年K.O.Hill等人发现光纤的光敏性并利用纵向驻波写入法制成世界上第一根光纤布拉格光栅以来，光纤光栅以其本质安全、质量轻、体积小、不受电磁干扰、易于复用、可远距离遥测等独特优点而在传感领域得到广泛应用，已成为目前传感技术发展的主流方向之一。Since K.O.Hill et al. discovered the photosensitivity of optical fibers in 1978 and used the longitudinal standing wave writing method to make the world's first fiber Bragg grating, fiber Bragg gratings are inherently safe, light in weight, small in size, free from electromagnetic interference, and easy to use. Due to its unique advantages such as multiplexing and long-distance telemetry, it has been widely used in the field of sensing, and has become one of the mainstream directions in the development of sensing technology.
目前高温压力管道的安全监测技术手段主要包括：电学传感器检测方法、超声波检测方法和红外热成像检测方法。由于高温压力管道内部通常为易燃易爆的危险介质，任何微弱的电火花都可能会引起管道燃爆，因此电类传感器不适宜对高温压力管道进行安全监测；基于无损检测理论的超声波检测方法和红外热成像检测方法，虽然避免了电学传感器的缺陷，但是超声波检测方法限于其工作原理只能检测管道内壁的裂缝和材料的气泡缺陷等，不能对高温压力管道表面进行应变在线监测；而红外热成像检测方法分辨率较低，只能检测内部蚀坑和壁厚缺陷，同样无法实时检测管道的外壁应变变化。At present, the safety monitoring technical means of high-temperature pressure pipelines mainly include: electrical sensor detection methods, ultrasonic detection methods and infrared thermal imaging detection methods. Since the inside of the high-temperature pressure pipeline is usually a flammable and explosive dangerous medium, any weak electric spark may cause the pipeline to explode, so the electric sensor is not suitable for safety monitoring of the high-temperature pressure pipeline; And infrared thermal imaging detection method, although it avoids the defects of electrical sensors, but the ultrasonic detection method is limited to its working principle and can only detect cracks on the inner wall of the pipeline and bubble defects in materials, etc., and cannot perform online strain monitoring on the surface of high-temperature pressure pipelines; while infrared The thermal imaging detection method has a low resolution and can only detect internal corrosion pits and wall thickness defects, and it is also unable to detect the strain change of the outer wall of the pipeline in real time.
大量数据结果表明，在排除管道制造先天缺陷和人为失误操作的前提下，引起管道泄漏和爆管事故的主要原因是管道材料的高温蠕变和管壁腐蚀，而无论是管道材料的高温蠕变还是管壁腐蚀，其外在效应均会造成管道外壁的明显应变，最终导致管道泄漏或爆裂。基于材料力学的理论分析可以得出，高温压力管道的外壁失效应变是一个非线性过程，即管道越接近失效爆裂，其外壁的应变速率越快，因此通过监测高温压力管道的外壁失效应变状态，可以获知管道的安全状况，预先发现高温压力管道的应变异常点，提醒企业及时修复或更换高温压力管道，确保高温压力管道安全运行，避免爆管事故的发生。A large number of data results show that, on the premise of excluding the congenital defects of pipeline manufacturing and human error, the main causes of pipeline leakage and pipe burst accidents are high-temperature creep and pipe wall corrosion of pipeline materials, regardless of the high-temperature creep of pipeline materials Whether it is pipe wall corrosion, its external effects will cause obvious strain on the outer wall of the pipe, which will eventually lead to leakage or burst of the pipe. Based on the theoretical analysis of material mechanics, it can be concluded that the failure strain of the outer wall of the high-temperature pressure pipeline is a nonlinear process, that is, the closer the pipeline is to failure and bursting, the faster the strain rate of the outer wall is. Therefore, by monitoring the failure strain state of the outer wall of the high-temperature pressure pipeline, The safety status of the pipeline can be known, the abnormal strain point of the high-temperature pressure pipeline can be found in advance, and the enterprise can be reminded to repair or replace the high-temperature pressure pipeline in time to ensure the safe operation of the high-temperature pressure pipeline and avoid the occurrence of pipe burst accidents.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于监测高温压力管道安全状况的迫切性，本发明的目的在于提供一种高温压力管道外壁应变在线监测的光纤光栅传感器，通过对高温压力管道外壁表面进行实时应变监测，可以监控高温压力管道的安全状况。通过选取适合的耐高温光纤光栅、基体结构和材料，可以实现光纤光栅传感器的增敏和温度补偿效果。In view of the urgency of monitoring the safety status of high-temperature pressure pipelines, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fiber grating sensor for on-line monitoring of the outer wall strain of high-temperature pressure pipelines, which can monitor the safety of high-temperature pressure pipelines by performing real-time strain monitoring on the outer wall surface of high-temperature pressure pipelines situation. By selecting a suitable high temperature resistant fiber grating, matrix structure and material, the effect of sensitization and temperature compensation of the fiber grating sensor can be realized.
本发明提供一种高温压力管道外壁应变在线监测的光纤光栅传感器，所述光纤光栅传感器包括直接传感臂、菱形基体、间接传感臂和耐高温光纤布拉格光栅。The invention provides an optical fiber grating sensor for on-line monitoring of strain on the outer wall of a high-temperature pressure pipeline. The optical fiber grating sensor includes a direct sensing arm, a rhombus base, an indirect sensing arm and a high-temperature-resistant optical fiber Bragg grating.
为达到上述目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:
所述的直接传感臂、菱形基体和间接传感臂为一体化的金属基底结构，其材料尽量选择与高温压力管道相一致的材料。The direct sensing arm, rhombic base and indirect sensing arm are an integrated metal base structure, and the material thereof should be selected as consistent as possible with the high-temperature pressure pipeline.
所述的菱形基体，在其直接传感臂方向的菱形内角度小于90°，以起到应变增敏的效果。In the rhomboid base body, the inner rhombus angle in the direction of the direct sensing arm is less than 90°, so as to achieve the effect of strain sensitization.
所述的间接传感臂中粘接光纤光栅的部位为橄榄形。The part where the fiber grating is bonded in the indirect sensing arm is olive-shaped.
所述的耐高温光纤布拉格光栅为polyimide涂覆层的特种光纤布拉格光栅。The high temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating is a special fiber Bragg grating coated with polyimide.
所述的耐高温光纤布拉格光栅通过低温玻璃焊料固定在间接传感臂的橄榄槽中。The high temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating is fixed in the olive groove of the indirect sensing arm by low temperature glass solder.
所述的低温玻璃焊料的熔点为350℃～400℃。The melting point of the low-temperature glass solder is 350°C-400°C.
所述的耐高温光纤布拉格光栅粘接在间接传感臂上时，需要施加适当预拉，以保证传感器具有双向应变传感能力。When the high temperature-resistant fiber Bragg grating is bonded to the indirect sensing arm, it needs to be properly pre-tensioned to ensure that the sensor has bidirectional strain sensing capability.
本发明所述的一种高温压力管道外壁应变在线监测的光纤光栅传感器，通过对材料和结构的合理选取与设计，可以在耐高温300℃的同时，提高传感器的应变灵敏度，对高温压力管道的安全状况进行在线监测，并且通过连接多个监测传感器，形成传感器网络，在降低系统平均成本的同时，可以对整个高温压力管道系统进行多点实时遥测。The fiber grating sensor for on-line monitoring of strain on the outer wall of a high-temperature pressure pipeline described in the present invention can improve the strain sensitivity of the sensor while resisting a high temperature of 300°C through reasonable selection and design of materials and structures, and is suitable for high-temperature pressure pipelines. The safety status is monitored online, and by connecting multiple monitoring sensors to form a sensor network, while reducing the average cost of the system, it is possible to perform multi-point real-time telemetry on the entire high-temperature pressure pipeline system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为所述的一种高温压力管道外壁应变在线监测的光纤光栅传感器示意图Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber grating sensor for on-line monitoring of the strain on the outer wall of a high-temperature pressure pipeline
图2为所述的光纤光栅传感器加工平台示意图Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the processing platform of the fiber grating sensor
图3为安装的光纤光栅传感器相对于高温压力管道的具体位置示意图Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the specific position of the installed fiber grating sensor relative to the high-temperature pressure pipeline
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明所述的一种高温压力管道外壁应变在线监测的光纤光栅传感器，包括直接传感臂(11)、菱形基体(12)、间接传感臂(13)和耐高温光纤布拉格光栅(14)，其中直接传感臂(11)、菱形基体(12)和间接传感臂(13)为一体化的金属基底结构；耐高温光纤布拉格光栅(14)通过低温玻璃焊料固定在间接传感臂(13)上面。An optical fiber grating sensor for on-line monitoring of strain on the outer wall of a high-temperature pressure pipeline according to the present invention comprises a direct sensing arm (11), a diamond-shaped substrate (12), an indirect sensing arm (13) and a high-temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating (14) , wherein the direct sensing arm (11), the diamond-shaped substrate (12) and the indirect sensing arm (13) are an integrated metal substrate structure; the high temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating (14) is fixed on the indirect sensing arm ( 13) Above.
直接传感臂(11)、菱形基体(12)和间接传感臂(13)的材料选择与高温压力管道相一致的材料，避免不同材料在温度变化时热膨胀系数差异所引起的热应力，以保证传感器的监测精度。The material selection of the direct sensing arm (11), rhombic base (12) and indirect sensing arm (13) is consistent with that of the high-temperature pressure pipeline, so as to avoid the thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient of different materials when the temperature changes, so as to Ensure the monitoring accuracy of the sensor.
菱形基体(12)在直接传感臂方向的内夹角小于90°，根据结构力学相关理论，在管道应变不变的情况下，菱形内角度越小，应变放大系数越高。在本发明中，菱形内夹角为60°，实际中可根据高温压力管道的具体尺寸进行调整以取得最佳效果。The inner angle of the rhomboid base (12) in the direction of the direct sensing arm is less than 90°. According to relevant theories of structural mechanics, when the pipeline strain remains constant, the smaller the inner angle of the rhombus, the higher the strain amplification factor. In the present invention, the inner angle of the rhombus is 60°, which can be adjusted according to the specific size of the high-temperature pressure pipeline in practice to obtain the best effect.
通过使用低温玻璃焊料粘接耐高温光纤布拉格光栅(14)和间接传感臂(13)，可以实现在高温300℃环境下监测构件表面应变的目的。By using low-temperature glass solder to bond the high-temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating (14) and the indirect sensing arm (13), the purpose of monitoring component surface strain in a high-temperature environment of 300° C. can be achieved.
下面结合附图对本发明实例做进一步的阐述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the example of the present invention is further elaborated:
1.光纤光栅传感器的制作1. Fabrication of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
如图2所示，一对滑轮(21)和升降平台(23)固定在操作平台(24)上面，将金属基底结构放在升降平台(23)上面，保证金属基底结构稳固、水平放置；As shown in Figure 2, a pair of pulleys (21) and the lifting platform (23) are fixed on the operating platform (24), and the metal base structure is placed on the lifting platform (23) to ensure that the metal base structure is stable and placed horizontally;
将耐高温光纤布拉格光栅(22)架装在两个固定的滑轮(21)之间，且栅区部分刚好位于菱形基体(12)内部，光栅的一端用夹具(26)固定在操作平台(24)侧面，另一端悬挂适当重量的重物(25)，以保证耐高温光纤布拉格光栅(22)处于水平拉紧状态；Install the high temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating (22) between two fixed pulleys (21), and the grating area is just inside the diamond-shaped base (12), and one end of the grating is fixed on the operating platform (24) with a clamp (26). ) side, and a heavy object (25) of appropriate weight is hung on the other end to ensure that the high temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating (22) is in a horizontally tensioned state;
用升降平台(23)调整金属基底结构的竖直位置，保证栅区两端处于菱形基体(12)的橄榄槽中；Use the lifting platform (23) to adjust the vertical position of the metal base structure to ensure that the two ends of the gate area are in the olive groove of the rhombus base (12);
放入适量低温玻璃焊料，然后进行烧结；Put in an appropriate amount of low-temperature glass solder, and then sinter;
在耐高温光纤布拉格光栅与菱形基体的接合处均匀地涂抹硅胶，以消除耐高温光纤布拉格光栅和低温玻璃焊料之间的应力集中现象，避免光栅因应力集中而发生断裂，然后待硅胶完全固化；Apply silica gel evenly at the joint between the high temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating and the diamond-shaped substrate to eliminate the stress concentration between the high temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating and the low temperature glass solder, and avoid the grating from breaking due to stress concentration, and then wait for the silica gel to completely cure;
整个制作过程须用光谱仪(27)实时监测耐高温布拉格光纤光栅的中心波长，以便有异常现象时及时进行调整。During the whole production process, a spectrometer (27) must be used to monitor the central wavelength of the high-temperature-resistant fiber Bragg grating in real time, so that adjustments can be made in time when there is an abnormal phenomenon.
2.光纤光栅传感器的固定2. Fixing of the fiber grating sensor
对管道进行焊接前的预处理，去除高温压力管道的表面附着物，使管道露出光洁表面；Pre-treatment the pipeline before welding, remove the surface attachments of the high-temperature pressure pipeline, and expose the smooth surface of the pipeline;
将光纤光栅传感器的直接传感臂(11)两端焊接在管道表面，焊接时对于每一个测点，采取轴向和环向分别焊接一个传感器的方法，可以同时监测高温压力管道表面的环向和轴向应变变化，以提供全面、可靠的应变信息，如图3所示；The two ends of the direct sensing arm (11) of the fiber grating sensor are welded on the surface of the pipeline. During welding, for each measuring point, a sensor is welded in the axial direction and the circumferential direction respectively, so that the circumferential direction of the surface of the high-temperature pressure pipeline can be monitored at the same time. and axial strain changes to provide comprehensive and reliable strain information, as shown in Figure 3;
焊接完毕后用高温胶布将传感器覆盖保护，避免外界物理损伤。After welding, cover the sensor with high-temperature adhesive tape to avoid external physical damage.
3.在线监测3. Online monitoring
将焊接于高温压力管道表面的光纤光栅传感器用光缆连接，利用传感器复用技术组成传感网络，覆盖需要监测的高温压力管道。通过信号解调模块对携有高温压力管道应变信息的传感器反射波长信号进行分析，可以预先发现高温管道的应变异常点，提醒企业及时修复或更换高温压力管道，从而避免高温压力管道泄漏或爆管事故的发生。The optical fiber grating sensor welded on the surface of the high-temperature pressure pipeline is connected with an optical cable, and the sensor multiplexing technology is used to form a sensor network to cover the high-temperature pressure pipeline to be monitored. Through the signal demodulation module to analyze the reflected wavelength signal of the sensor carrying the strain information of the high-temperature pressure pipeline, the abnormal strain point of the high-temperature pipeline can be found in advance, and the enterprise can be reminded to repair or replace the high-temperature pressure pipeline in time, so as to avoid leakage or explosion of the high-temperature pressure pipeline Accidents happen.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410014287.3ACN104776808A (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2014-01-10 | Fiber grating sensor for monitoring the strain of the outer wall of high-temperature pressure pipeline online |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410014287.3ACN104776808A (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2014-01-10 | Fiber grating sensor for monitoring the strain of the outer wall of high-temperature pressure pipeline online |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104776808Atrue CN104776808A (en) | 2015-07-15 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410014287.3APendingCN104776808A (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2014-01-10 | Fiber grating sensor for monitoring the strain of the outer wall of high-temperature pressure pipeline online |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20150715 |