技术领域technical field
本发明涉及非开挖施工中铺设管线回拉扩孔时的装备，尤其涉及一种用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成。The invention relates to equipment for back-drawing and reaming of laying pipelines in non-excavation construction, in particular to a back-drawing and reaming assembly for non-excavation laying of pipelines.
背景技术Background technique
“挖槽埋管法”作为传统的地下管线施工方法，被人们戏称为“开肠破肚”、“马路拉链”等，这样的施工方法会使原本就十分拥挤的城市交通变得“雪上加霜”，对地上交通与环境的影响极大，给人们的工作和生活带来诸多不便之处，在一些诸如江河湖泊等条件下更是无法采用开挖的埋管方式。As a traditional construction method of underground pipelines, the "grooving and burying method" is nicknamed "opening the intestines and breaking the belly", "zippering the road", etc. Such a construction method will make the already very congested urban traffic "worse." , has a great impact on ground transportation and the environment, and brings a lot of inconvenience to people's work and life. In some conditions such as rivers and lakes, it is even impossible to use the buried pipe method of excavation.
非开挖施工技术(Trenchless Technology或No-Dig)是指在不开挖地表的条件下探测、检查、铺设、修复和更换各种地下管线的技术，可广泛用于穿越公路、铁路、建筑物、江河湖泊、古迹保护区等条件下进行石油/天然气/供水的管道、电缆、通讯线路等管线的铺设、修复和更新，具有不影响交通、不污染环境、施工安全可靠且周期短、综合施工成本低、社会效益显著等一系列优点。Trenchless construction technology (Trenchless Technology or No-Dig) refers to the technology of detecting, inspecting, laying, repairing and replacing various underground pipelines without excavating the surface, and can be widely used to cross roads, railways, buildings Laying, repairing and updating of oil/natural gas/water supply pipelines, cables, communication lines and other pipelines under the conditions of rivers, lakes, historic sites, etc., has the advantages of not affecting traffic, not polluting the environment, safe and reliable construction and short cycle, comprehensive construction A series of advantages such as low cost and significant social benefits.
通常情况下，实施非开挖铺设管线时，首先采用定向钻进技术钻成一个导向孔，随后在钻柱的后端换接大直径的扩孔器和直径小于扩孔器的待铺设管线，在钻具回拉扩孔的同时将管线一同拉入已钻成的钻孔中，完成非开挖条件下的铺管作业。对于在岩土体中进行非开挖条件下管线铺设回拉扩孔时，目前常用的扩孔器(或称为扩孔钻头)包括翼状扩孔钻头、螺旋形扩孔钻头、凹槽状扩孔钻头、牙轮式扩孔钻头、杆状扩孔钻头、双向纺锤形扩孔钻头、粗径钻具形扩孔钻头、环刀形扩孔钻头等，它们主要是以硬质合金作为钻头的切削具；目前采用的扩孔钻进方法，主要是依靠钻机带动钻具回转的方式进行扩孔钻进作业的，该方法获得的扩孔钻进效率和现有扩孔器的切削碎岩能力均有限。Usually, when laying pipelines without excavation, a pilot hole is first drilled with directional drilling technology, and then a large-diameter reamer and a pipeline to be laid with a diameter smaller than the reamer are connected at the rear end of the drill string. Pull the pipeline into the drilled hole while the drilling tool is pulling back and reaming, and complete the pipelaying operation under non-excavation conditions. For laying and reaming pipelines under non-excavation conditions in rock and soil, currently commonly used reamers (or reaming bits) include wing-shaped reaming bits, spiral reaming bits, and groove-shaped reaming bits. Hole drills, roller cone reaming drills, rod-shaped reaming drills, two-way spindle reaming drills, thick-diameter drill-shaped reaming drills, ring cutter-shaped reaming drills, etc., they are mainly made of cemented carbide as the drill bit Cutting tools; the currently used reaming drilling method mainly relies on the drilling rig to drive the drilling tool to rotate to carry out the reaming drilling operation. The reaming drilling efficiency obtained by this method and the cutting rock breaking ability of the existing reamer Both are limited.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成，解决现有技术的不足。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pull-back reaming assembly for laying pipelines without excavation, so as to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成，其包括中心贯通的钻头本体，所述钻头本体的中部设有多级的切削环，多级所述切削环的切削直径沿扩孔的方向递减；每级所述切削环沿周向均匀设有多个切削单元，每级所述切削环中的多个所述切削单元沿周向均匀地分布在所述钻头本体外侧，且每级所述切削环中的多个所述切削单元围绕所述钻头本体形成一个圆环；每级所述切削环中相邻的所述切削单元之间设有用于将所述钻头本体内部以正循环方式不断循环着的有压浆液排出的倾斜状的贯通孔；至少有一个所述贯通孔的出口端嵌固有仿生喷嘴；还包括冲击器、封液接头；所述钻头本体的一端与所述冲击器之间通过螺纹密封连接，所述钻头本体的另一端与所述封液接头通过螺纹密封连接；所述封液接头内腔的中部设有用于封堵有压浆液并使其能够在钻头本体的中心通道内积蓄能量并向上累积起来的中部隔液板，其中，有压浆液采用低固相或无固相泥浆。The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a pullback reaming assembly for non-excavation pipeline laying, which includes a drill body through the center, the middle part of the drill body is provided with multi-stage cutting rings, The cutting diameter of the multi-stage cutting ring decreases gradually along the direction of reaming; each stage of the cutting ring is uniformly provided with a plurality of cutting units along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of cutting units in each stage of the cutting ring are along the circumferential direction Evenly distributed on the outside of the drill bit body, and a plurality of the cutting units in the cutting ring of each stage form a ring around the drill bit body; one of the adjacent cutting units in the cutting ring of each stage There is an inclined through hole for discharging the pressurized grout which is continuously circulating inside the drill bit body in a positive circulation mode; at least one of the through holes has a bionic nozzle embedded in the outlet end; it also includes an impactor, a seal Liquid joint; one end of the drill bit body is connected to the impactor through thread sealing, and the other end of the drill bit body is connected to the liquid sealing joint through thread sealing; the middle part of the inner cavity of the liquid sealing joint is provided with a It is used to block the pressurized grout so that it can accumulate energy in the central channel of the drill bit body and accumulate upward in the middle part of the liquid baffle, wherein the pressurized grout adopts low solid phase or no solid phase mud.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、前端小径的一级切削环可率先扩孔钻进出一个直径相对较小的钻孔，该孔可起到先导孔的作用，同时还具有导正钻具的作用。1. The first-stage cutting ring with a small diameter at the front end can take the lead in reaming and drilling a relatively small-diameter hole. This hole can play the role of a pilot hole and also have the function of guiding the drilling tool.
2、由于扩孔钻进最终要钻成某一大直径的钻孔，在采用本发明所设计的多级扩孔器进行扩孔钻进时，可理解为将扩孔钻进最终所要达到的大直径的钻孔分解为若干次(扩孔钻进的次数与多级扩孔器的级数相同)单独地进行扩孔钻进时的集成，该方法可有效降低一次扩孔钻进时钻进设备的能耗，提升扩孔钻进时的作业效率。2. Since the reaming drilling will eventually be drilled into a certain large-diameter borehole, when the multi-stage reamer designed by the present invention is used for reaming drilling, it can be understood as reaming the hole to be finally achieved. Large-diameter drilling is decomposed into several times (the number of reaming drilling is the same as the number of stages of the multi-stage reamer) and the integration of reaming drilling is carried out separately. This method can effectively reduce the time required for one reaming drilling. The energy consumption of drilling equipment is reduced, and the operation efficiency of reaming drilling is improved.
3、采用多级结构的扩孔器，可有效增加扩孔器扩孔钻进时对孔壁周遭岩土体破碎的自由面，从而使扩孔器的扩孔钻进效率得到显著提升；3. The reamer with multi-stage structure can effectively increase the free surface of the rock and soil around the hole wall when the reamer is reaming, so that the reaming efficiency of the reamer can be significantly improved;
4、可在实施非开挖铺设管线时回拉扩孔钻进的过程中，使多级扩孔器在由钻机提供动力带动整套钻具回转并施加适当的钻压回拉扩孔钻进时，可同时实现扭力冲击器联合多级结构的扩孔器的高效回转切削碎岩式扩孔钻进，或液动冲击器联合多级结构的扩孔器的冲击回转碎岩式扩孔钻进，不仅可有效增强多级扩孔器的回转切削碎岩能力，在一定程度上还能降低钻机的动力消耗。4. In the process of pulling back and reaming drilling when laying trenchless pipelines, the multi-stage reamer can be powered by the drilling rig to drive the whole set of drilling tools to rotate and apply appropriate drilling pressure when pulling back and reaming drilling. , which can simultaneously realize the high-efficiency rotary cutting rock-crushing reaming drilling of the torsion impactor combined with the multi-stage structure reamer, or the impact rotary rock-crushing reaming drilling of the hydraulic impactor combined with the multi-stage structure reamer , not only can effectively enhance the rotary cutting rock breaking ability of the multi-stage reamer, but also reduce the power consumption of the drilling rig to a certain extent.
进一步：所述仿生喷嘴的中部设有内腔，所述内腔的内壁面上设有若干个仿生环槽；所述仿生喷嘴的一端设有与所述内腔相连通的仿生喷嘴入口，所述仿生喷嘴的另一端设有与所述内腔相连通的仿生喷嘴出口，且所述仿生喷嘴入口的直径大于所述仿生喷嘴出口的直径。Further: the middle part of the bionic nozzle is provided with an inner cavity, and the inner wall of the inner cavity is provided with several bionic ring grooves; one end of the bionic nozzle is provided with a bionic nozzle inlet communicating with the inner cavity, so The other end of the bionic nozzle is provided with a bionic nozzle outlet communicating with the inner cavity, and the diameter of the bionic nozzle inlet is larger than the diameter of the bionic nozzle outlet.
进一步：所述仿生喷嘴与所述贯通孔一体成型，或所述仿生喷嘴通过螺纹、焊接或过盈配合的固定方式嵌固于所述贯通孔的出口端处。Further: the bionic nozzle is integrally formed with the through-hole, or the bionic nozzle is fixed at the outlet end of the through-hole by threading, welding or interference fit.
进一步：所述贯通孔的轴线与所述钻头本体的轴线之间的夹角为30°至60°。Further: the included angle between the axis of the through hole and the axis of the drill body is 30° to 60°.
进一步：所述切削单元包括切削具、钢体和孕镶金刚石条；所述钢体固定在所述钻头本体外侧的圆周面上；所述切削具嵌固于所述钢体上；所述孕镶金刚石条设置在所述钢体的外侧。Further: the cutting unit includes a cutting tool, a steel body and an impregnated diamond strip; the steel body is fixed on the peripheral surface outside the drill body; the cutting tool is embedded on the steel body; the impregnated Diamond strips are arranged on the outside of the steel body.
进一步：所述切削具采用PDC、CBN、斯拉乌季契、TSP、PCD材料制成。Further: the cutting tool is made of PDC, CBN, Slavudich, TSP, PCD materials.
进一步：所述冲击器为扭力冲击器或液动冲击器。Further: the impactor is a torsional impactor or a hydraulic impactor.
进一步：所述封液接头远离所述钻头本体的一端设有用于与分动器、钻杆柱或成品管道连接的螺纹。Further: the end of the liquid-tight joint away from the drill bit body is provided with a thread for connecting with a transfer case, a drill string or a finished pipeline.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1-1为连接扭力冲击器时用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成整体的三维模型示意图；Figure 1-1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the overall pullback reaming assembly used for laying pipelines without excavation when the torsion impactor is connected;
图1-2为连接液动冲击器时用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成整体的三维模型示意图；Figure 1-2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the overall pull-back reaming assembly used for laying pipelines without excavation when the hydraulic impactor is connected;
图2-1为连接扭力冲击器时用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成各部件分离开来的三维模型示意图；Figure 2-1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the separated components of the pullback reaming assembly used for laying pipelines without excavation when the torsion impactor is connected;
图2-2为连接液动冲击器时用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成各部件分离开来的三维模型示意图；Figure 2-2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the separated components of the pullback reaming assembly used for laying pipelines without excavation when the hydraulic impactor is connected;
图3-1为多级扩孔器主体部分的三维模型轴测示意图；Figure 3-1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the main part of the multi-stage reamer;
图3-2为多级扩孔器主体部分的三维模型正视图；Figure 3-2 is the front view of the three-dimensional model of the main part of the multi-stage reamer;
图3-3为多级扩孔器主体部分的三维模型剖视图；Figure 3-3 is a sectional view of the three-dimensional model of the main part of the multi-stage reamer;
图3-4为第二实施例中扩孔器主体部分的三维模型剖视图；Fig. 3-4 is the sectional view of the three-dimensional model of the main part of the reamer in the second embodiment;
图4-1为仿生喷嘴的三维模型轴测示意图；Figure 4-1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the bionic nozzle;
图4-2为仿生喷嘴的三维模型剖视图；Figure 4-2 is a sectional view of the three-dimensional model of the bionic nozzle;
图5-1为嵌固仿生喷嘴后组成完整的多级扩孔器的三维模型轴测示意图；Figure 5-1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a complete multi-stage reamer composed of embedded bionic nozzles;
图5-2为嵌固仿生喷嘴后组成完整的多级扩孔器的三维模型剖视图；Figure 5-2 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional model of a complete multi-stage reamer after the bionic nozzle is embedded;
图6-1为封液接头的三维模型轴测示意图；Figure 6-1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a sealing liquid joint;
图6-2为封液接头的三维模型剖视图；Figure 6-2 is a sectional view of the three-dimensional model of the sealing liquid joint;
图7为多级扩孔器与封液接头连接后的三维模型剖视图。Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional model after the multi-stage reamer is connected to the sealing liquid joint.
附图中，各标号所代表的部件如下：In the accompanying drawings, the parts represented by each label are as follows:
1、扭力冲击器；2、液动冲击器；3、一级切削环；31、上端连接螺纹；32、一级切削单元；321、一级切削具；322、一级钢体；323、一级孕镶金刚石条；33、一级贯通孔；4、二级切削环；42、二级切削单元；421、二级切削具；422、二级钢体；423、二级孕镶金刚石条；43、二级贯通孔；44、下端连接螺纹；45、底部隔液板；5、封液接头；51、上螺纹；52、中部隔液板；53、下螺纹；6、仿生喷嘴；61、仿生喷嘴入口；62、仿生喷嘴出口；63、仿生环槽。1. Torsion impactor; 2. Hydraulic impactor; 3. First-level cutting ring; 31. Upper end connecting thread; 32. First-level cutting unit; 321. First-level cutting tool; 322. First-level steel body; 323. One 33. First-level through hole; 4. Second-level cutting ring; 42. Second-level cutting unit; 421. Second-level cutting tool; 422. Second-level steel body; 423. Second-level diamond-impregnated strip; 43. Secondary through hole; 44. Lower end connecting thread; 45. Bottom liquid barrier; 5. Liquid sealing joint; 51. Upper thread; 52. Middle liquid barrier; 53. Lower thread; Bionic nozzle inlet; 62, bionic nozzle outlet; 63, bionic ring groove.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
第一实施例：First embodiment:
本发明的扩孔器的结构为多级式，图示中仅画了两级(两层)的结构，还可设计为两级以上的结构。多级扩孔器，其包括中心贯通的钻头本体，所述钻头本体的中部沿周向设有多级的切削环，多级所述切削环的切削直径沿扩孔的方向递减；每级所述切削环设有多个切削单元，每级所述切削环中的多个所述切削单元沿周向均匀分布在所述钻头本体外侧，且每级所述切削环中的多个所述切削单元围绕所述钻头本体形成一个圆环。The structure of the hole reamer of the present invention is a multi-stage type, and only a two-stage (two-layer) structure is drawn in the diagram, and it can also be designed as a structure with more than two stages. Multi-stage reamer, which includes a drill body through the center, the middle part of the drill body is provided with multi-stage cutting rings along the circumference, and the cutting diameter of the multi-stage cutting rings decreases along the direction of reaming; the cutting rings in each stage The ring is provided with a plurality of cutting units, and the plurality of cutting units in the cutting ring of each stage are evenly distributed outside the drill bit body along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of cutting units in the cutting ring of each stage surround The bit body forms a circular ring.
以本发明设计的具有两级结构的扩孔器为例来说明采用多级结构可实现以下目的：Taking the reamer with two-stage structure designed by the present invention as an example to illustrate that the multi-stage structure can achieve the following purposes:
1、前端小径的一级切削环可率先扩孔钻进出一个直径相对较小的钻孔，该孔不仅可起到先导孔的作用，同时还具有导正钻具的作用。1. The first-stage cutting ring with small diameter at the front end can take the lead in reaming and drilling into and out of a hole with a relatively small diameter. This hole can not only serve as a pilot hole, but also guide the drilling tool.
2、由于扩孔钻进最终要钻成某一大直径的钻孔，在采用本发明所设计的多级扩孔器进行扩孔钻进时，可理解为将扩孔钻进最终所要达到的大直径的钻孔分解为若干次(扩孔钻进的次数与多级扩孔器的级数相同)单独地进行扩孔钻进时的集成，该方法可有效降低一次扩孔钻进时钻机等钻进设备的能耗，提升扩孔钻进时的作业效率。2. Since the reaming drilling will eventually be drilled into a certain large-diameter borehole, when the multi-stage reamer designed by the present invention is used for reaming drilling, it can be understood as reaming the hole to be finally achieved. The large-diameter drilling is divided into several times (the number of reaming drilling is the same as the number of stages of the multi-stage reamer) and the integration of the reaming drilling is carried out separately. This method can effectively reduce the drilling time of one reaming drilling. The energy consumption of drilling equipment is reduced, and the operation efficiency of reaming drilling is improved.
3、采用多级结构的扩孔器，可有效增加扩孔器扩孔钻进时对孔壁周遭岩土体破碎的自由面，从而使扩孔器的扩孔钻进效率得到显著提升。3. The reamer with multi-stage structure can effectively increase the free surface of the rock and soil around the hole wall when the reamer is reaming, so that the reaming efficiency of the reamer can be significantly improved.
每级所述切削环中相邻的所述切削单元之间设有用于将所述钻头本体内部不断循环着的有压浆液排出的倾斜状的贯通孔，所述贯通孔的一端连通所述钻头本体的内部，所述贯通孔的另一端连通所述钻头本体的外侧；至少有一个所述贯通孔的出口端嵌固有仿生喷嘴，最好是每级的仿生喷嘴的数目与该级的切削单元的个数相同。以正循环方式不断循环着的冲洗液在一定的泵压(大于10MPa)作用下从仿生喷嘴出口高速(大于40m/s)喷出后能够形成能量相对集中的高压射流，可达到对欲扩孔钻进的岩土体进行超前(预)冲蚀破碎的效果，从而有效辅助多级扩孔器实现对岩土体的扩孔钻进。An inclined through-hole for discharging the pressurized slurry continuously circulating inside the drill body is provided between the adjacent cutting units in each stage of the cutting ring, and one end of the through-hole communicates with the drill bit Inside the body, the other end of the through hole is connected to the outside of the drill body; at least one outlet end of the through hole is embedded with a bionic nozzle, preferably the number of bionic nozzles at each level is the same as the cutting unit of the level. of the same number. The flushing liquid, which is continuously circulating in a positive circulation mode, can form a high-pressure jet with relatively concentrated energy after being sprayed out at a high speed (greater than 40m/s) from the outlet of the bionic nozzle under a certain pump pressure (greater than 10MPa), which can achieve the desired hole expansion. The effect of advanced (pre) erosion and crushing of the drilled rock and soil mass, thus effectively assisting the multi-stage reamer to achieve reaming drilling of the rock and soil mass.
此外，由于使用PDC或CBN、斯拉乌季契、TSP、PCD等其它适宜切削破碎岩土体的材料作为切削具对孔壁周遭的岩土体进行扩孔钻进，通常采用高转速的工艺参数，通过在多级扩孔器的前端由螺纹连接一个扭力冲击器，该扭力冲击器能够持续提供与钻具回转方向相一致的冲击扭力作用，可有效增强多级扩孔器在岩土体中的扩孔钻进效率，同时在一定程度上还能降低钻机等钻进设备的能耗；若在多级扩孔器的前端由螺纹连接一个液动冲击器，则可使扩孔钻进方式变为冲击回转钻进，可有效提升多级扩孔器对岩石的扩孔钻进效率，同时在一定程度上还可起到钻具解卡的作用。需要指出的是，所连接的扭力冲击器或液动冲击器为规格合适的任意类型。In addition, since PDC or CBN, Slavujci, TSP, PCD and other materials suitable for cutting and breaking rock and soil are used as cutting tools to ream the rock and soil around the hole wall, a high-speed process is usually used. parameters, by threading a torsional impactor at the front end of the multistage reamer, the torsional impactor can continuously provide the impact torsion force consistent with the rotation direction of the drilling tool, which can effectively enhance the performance of the multistage reamer in rock and soil. At the same time, it can also reduce the energy consumption of drilling equipment such as drilling rigs to a certain extent; if a hydraulic impactor is threaded at the front end of the multi-stage reamer, the reaming drilling can be achieved. The method is changed to impact rotary drilling, which can effectively improve the drilling efficiency of the multi-stage reamer for rock reaming, and at the same time, to a certain extent, it can also play the role of releasing the jamming of the drilling tool. It should be pointed out that the connected torsion impactor or hydraulic impactor is any type with appropriate specifications.
综上所述，利用本发明在岩土体中实施非开挖条件下的管线铺设回拉扩孔钻进时，可同时实现扭力冲击器联合具有多级结构的扩孔器的高效回转切削碎岩方式下的扩孔钻进，或液动冲击器联合具有多级结构的扩孔器的冲击回转碎岩方式下的扩孔钻进，同时与从仿生喷嘴出口高速喷出的高压射流辅助碎岩相耦合的多工艺扩孔钻进方法，可有效提升在岩土体中实施非开挖条件下的管线铺设回拉扩孔钻进时的作业效率。To sum up, when using the present invention to implement pipeline laying and reaming drilling under non-excavation conditions in rock and soil, the high-efficiency rotary cutting and crushing of torsional impactors combined with multi-stage reamers can be realized at the same time. Hole reaming drilling under the rock method, or reaming drilling under the impact rotary rock crushing method of the hydraulic impactor combined with the reamer with multi-stage structure, and at the same time assist the crushing with the high-pressure jet ejected from the bionic nozzle outlet at high speed The multi-process reaming drilling method coupled with lithofacies can effectively improve the operation efficiency of pulling back reaming drilling for pipeline laying under non-excavation conditions in rock and soil.
下面结合附图对本发明进行说明。The present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图3-1、图3-2、图3-3所示，一种用于非开挖铺设管线的多级扩孔器，其包括中心贯通的钻头本体，所述钻头本体的中部沿周向设有两级的切削环，一级切削环3，二级切削环4。两级所述切削环的切削直径沿扩孔钻进的方向递减；每级所述切削环设有多个切削单元(一级切削单元32，二级切削单元42)，每级所述切削环中的多个所述切削单元沿周向均匀分布在所述钻头本体外侧，且每级所述切削环中的多个所述切削单元围绕所述钻头本体形成一个圆环。所述钻头本体的上部设有上端连接螺纹31，下部设有下端连接螺纹44。As shown in Figure 3-1, Figure 3-2, and Figure 3-3, a multi-stage reamer for laying pipelines without excavation, which includes a drill body through the center, and the middle part of the drill body is arranged along the circumferential direction. There are two stages of cutting rings, the primary cutting ring 3 and the secondary cutting ring 4. The cutting diameters of the two-stage cutting rings decrease along the direction of reaming drilling; each stage of the cutting ring is provided with a plurality of cutting units (one-stage cutting unit 32, two-stage cutting unit 42), and each stage of the cutting ring The multiple cutting units in the cutting ring are evenly distributed outside the drill bit body along the circumferential direction, and the multiple cutting units in each level of the cutting ring form a ring around the drill bit body. The upper part of the drill body is provided with an upper connecting thread 31 , and the lower part is provided with a lower connecting thread 44 .
需要说明的是：本发明所涉及的多级扩孔器中的一级切削环3和二级切削环4既可同时加工在同一个钻头本体结构上，也可分别加工在两个单独的钻头本体上后，再将二者通过螺纹或其它方式连接在一起构成一个整体。一级切削环3和二级切削环4之间相隔一定的距离，可考虑定为20至70cm。以一级切削环3和二级切削环4同时加工在同一个钻头本体上为例对本发明进行阐述。It should be noted that: the primary cutting ring 3 and the secondary cutting ring 4 in the multi-stage reamer involved in the present invention can be processed on the same drill bit body structure at the same time, or can be processed on two separate drill bits After the main body is installed, the two are connected together by threads or other means to form a whole. There is a certain distance between the primary cutting ring 3 and the secondary cutting ring 4, which can be considered as 20 to 70 cm. The present invention is described by taking the primary cutting ring 3 and the secondary cutting ring 4 processed on the same drill body as an example.
如图5-1、图5-2所示，一级切削环3和二级切削环4都是切削破碎岩土体的主要结构，它们的中心均为贯通状的结构。其中，一级切削环3包括多个一级切削单元32、多个一级贯通孔33和多个一级仿生喷嘴6；多个一级贯通孔33分别设置于相邻的两个一级切削单元32之间；每个所述一级贯通孔33的出口端均嵌固有一个一级仿生喷嘴6。二级切削环4包括多个二级切削单元42、多个二级贯通孔43和多个二级仿生喷嘴6。需要说明的是：嵌固于一级贯通孔33中的一级仿生喷嘴6和嵌固于二级贯通孔43中的二级仿生喷嘴6的结构型式是一致的，但其尺寸应与对应贯通孔的孔径相适宜；此外，对于本发明中所提及的仿生喷嘴6，不局限于仿生喷嘴的结构，也可使用其他能够产生高压射流的喷嘴结构和型式。As shown in Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5-2, the primary cutting ring 3 and the secondary cutting ring 4 are the main structures for cutting and breaking rock and soil, and their centers are all through-shaped structures. Among them, the primary cutting ring 3 includes a plurality of primary cutting units 32, a plurality of primary through holes 33 and a plurality of primary bionic nozzles 6; a plurality of primary through holes 33 are respectively arranged on two adjacent primary cutting Between the units 32 ; a first-level bionic nozzle 6 is embedded in the outlet end of each of the first-level through holes 33 . The secondary cutting ring 4 includes multiple secondary cutting units 42 , multiple secondary through holes 43 and multiple secondary bionic nozzles 6 . It should be noted that the structural type of the first-level bionic nozzle 6 embedded in the first-level through hole 33 and the second-level bionic nozzle 6 embedded in the second-level through-hole 43 are the same, but their dimensions should be the same as those of the corresponding through-holes. The aperture of the hole is appropriate; in addition, for the bionic nozzle 6 mentioned in the present invention, it is not limited to the structure of the bionic nozzle, and other nozzle structures and types capable of generating high-pressure jets can also be used.
如图4-1、图4-2所示，所述仿生喷嘴(一级、二级仿生喷嘴6)的中部设有内腔，所述内腔的内壁面上设有若干个仿生环槽63，优选：所述内腔的内壁面上按照一定的间距均匀设有若干个仿生环槽63；所述仿生喷嘴的一端设有与所述内腔相连通的仿生喷嘴入口61，所述仿生喷嘴的另一端设有与所述内腔相连通的仿生喷嘴出口62，且所述仿生喷嘴入口61的直径大于所述仿生喷嘴出口62的直径。As shown in Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2, the middle part of the bionic nozzle (first-level and second-level bionic nozzle 6) is provided with an inner cavity, and several bionic ring grooves 63 are arranged on the inner wall of the inner cavity. , preferably: the inner wall surface of the inner cavity is evenly provided with several bionic ring grooves 63 according to a certain distance; one end of the bionic nozzle is provided with a bionic nozzle inlet 61 communicating with the inner cavity, and the bionic nozzle The other end of the bionic nozzle is provided with a bionic nozzle outlet 62 communicating with the inner cavity, and the diameter of the bionic nozzle inlet 61 is larger than the diameter of the bionic nozzle outlet 62 .
如图5-1、图5-2所示，一级切削环3的上部通过上端连接螺纹31与扭力冲击器1或液动冲击器2相连；中部为环状的扩孔器主体部分，主要由若干个一级切削单元32和一级贯通孔33沿周向均布构成，其中的一级切削单元32是切削破碎孔壁周遭岩土体的主要结构，它由一级切削具321、一级钢体322和一级孕镶金刚石条323构成，一级切削具321嵌固于一级钢体322中构成一级切削单元32的主体，本发明采用的一级切削具321的排布方式取决于扩孔钻进时钻具回转的方向，即一级切削具321的正面(切削面)朝向应与钻具回转的方向一致。一级孕镶金刚石条323嵌固在一级钢体322的外侧用于钻孔的保径。一级贯通孔33均匀地布设在相邻的两个一级切削单元32之间，呈30°至60°的贯通状斜孔，一级贯通孔33的数目与一级切削单元32的数目一致。一级仿生喷嘴6通过螺纹、焊接或过盈配合的固定方式嵌固于一级贯通孔33的出口端处，一级仿生喷嘴6的数目与一级贯通孔33的数目相一致。可考虑一级切削具321采用PDC材料制成,但不局限于此,也可采用CBN、斯拉乌季契、TSP、PCD等其它适宜切削破碎岩土体的材料制成。As shown in Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2, the upper part of the primary cutting ring 3 is connected to the torsion impactor 1 or the hydraulic impactor 2 through the upper connecting thread 31; the middle part is the main part of the ring-shaped reamer, mainly It consists of a number of primary cutting units 32 and primary through holes 33 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. The primary cutting unit 32 is the main structure for cutting the rock and soil around the wall of the broken hole. It consists of a primary cutting tool 321, a primary steel body 322 and a primary impregnated diamond strip 323, the primary cutting tool 321 is embedded in the primary steel body 322 to form the main body of the primary cutting unit 32, the arrangement of the primary cutting tool 321 used in the present invention depends on The direction of drilling tool rotation during reaming drilling, that is, the front (cutting surface) orientation of the primary cutting tool 321 should be consistent with the direction of drilling tool rotation. The first-level impregnated diamond strip 323 is embedded and fixed on the outside of the first-level steel body 322 for diameter gauge of the drilled hole. The first-level through holes 33 are evenly arranged between two adjacent first-level cutting units 32, forming a through-shaped oblique hole of 30° to 60°, and the number of the first-level through-holes 33 is consistent with the number of the first-level cutting units 32 . The primary bionic nozzle 6 is embedded and fixed at the outlet end of the primary through hole 33 by threading, welding or interference fit, and the number of the primary bionic nozzle 6 is consistent with the number of the primary through hole 33 . It may be considered that the primary cutting tool 321 is made of PDC material, but it is not limited thereto, and may also be made of CBN, Slavujci, TSP, PCD and other materials suitable for cutting and breaking rock and soil.
二级切削环4的上端面距离一级切削环3的下端面20至70cm，其中部的主体部分为环状的结构，它的直径大于一级切削环3，二者具体的直径差值需依据欲扩孔钻进成的钻孔直径而定，可考虑将二级切削环4的直径(外径)设置为一级切削环3的直径(外径)的两倍。二级切削环4的中部主体部分主要由若干个二级切削单元42和二级贯通孔43沿周向均布构成，其中的二级切削单元42是切削破碎孔壁周遭岩土体的主要结构，它由二级切削具421、二级钢体422和二级孕镶金刚石条423构成，二级切削具421嵌固于二级钢体422中构成二级切削单元42的主体，本发明采用的二级切削具421的排布方式取决于扩孔钻进时钻具回转的方向，即二级切削具421的正面(切削面)朝向应与钻具回转的方向一致。二级孕镶金刚石条423嵌固在二级钢体422的外侧用于钻孔的保径。二级贯通孔43均匀地布设在相邻的两个二级切削单元42之间，呈30°至60°的贯通状斜孔，二级贯通孔43的数目与二级切削单元42的数目一致。二级仿生喷嘴6通过螺纹、焊接或过盈配合的固定方式嵌固于二级贯通孔43中，二级仿生喷嘴6的数目与二级贯通孔43的数目相一致。可考虑二级切削具421采用PDC材料制成,但不局限于此,也可采用CBN、斯拉乌季契、TSP、PCD等其它适宜切削破碎岩土体的材料制成。The upper end face of the secondary cutting ring 4 is 20 to 70 cm away from the lower end face of the primary cutting ring 3, and the main part of the middle part is an annular structure, and its diameter is greater than that of the primary cutting ring 3. The specific diameter difference between the two requires Depending on the diameter of the hole to be reamed and drilled, it may be considered to set the diameter (outer diameter) of the secondary cutting ring 4 to twice the diameter (outer diameter) of the primary cutting ring 3 . The middle main part of the secondary cutting ring 4 is mainly composed of several secondary cutting units 42 and secondary through-holes 43 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the secondary cutting units 42 are the main structure for cutting the rock and soil around the wall of the broken hole. It consists of a secondary cutting tool 421, a secondary steel body 422 and a secondary diamond impregnated strip 423. The secondary cutting tool 421 is embedded in the secondary steel body 422 to form the main body of the secondary cutting unit 42. The secondary cutting unit 42 used in the present invention The arrangement of the primary cutting tool 421 depends on the direction of drilling tool rotation during reaming drilling, that is, the front (cutting surface) orientation of the secondary cutting tool 421 should be consistent with the direction of drilling tool rotation. The secondary impregnated diamond strip 423 is embedded and fixed on the outside of the secondary steel body 422 for diameter gauge of the drilled hole. The secondary through-holes 43 are evenly arranged between two adjacent secondary cutting units 42, forming a through-shaped oblique hole of 30° to 60°, and the number of secondary through-holes 43 is consistent with the number of secondary cutting units 42 . The secondary bionic nozzles 6 are fixed in the secondary through holes 43 by threading, welding or interference fit, and the number of secondary bionic nozzles 6 is consistent with the number of secondary through holes 43 . It may be considered that the secondary cutting tool 421 is made of PDC material, but it is not limited thereto, and may also be made of CBN, Slavujci, TSP, PCD and other materials suitable for cutting and breaking rock and soil.
二级切削环4的下部通过下端连接螺纹44与封液接头5相连。在由放置于地表的钻机为整套本发明提供适宜的回转扭矩和回拉扩孔钻压时，一级切削环3和二级切削环4在钻杆柱的带动下高速回转并切削破碎孔壁周遭岩土体实现扩孔钻进，同时以正循环方式不断循环着的有压浆液(最好采用低固相或无固相泥浆。其中，低固相泥浆：是指粘土含量(以重量计)＜10％，或者指粘土含量(以体积计)＜4％的泥浆；无固相泥浆：是指不加粘土，仅由有机高分子聚合物与水混合配制而成的分散体系。)从嵌固于一级切削环3和二级切削环4上的若干个仿生喷嘴6的仿生喷嘴入口61流入其内腔，并由仿生喷嘴出口62高速喷出形成高压射流，可对将要破碎的孔壁周遭岩土体进行超前(预)冲蚀破碎，以实现辅助一级切削环3和二级切削环4的扩孔钻进，可有效提升对岩土体进行回拉扩孔钻进时的作业效率。The lower part of the secondary cutting ring 4 is connected with the liquid sealing joint 5 through the lower end connecting thread 44 . When the drilling rig placed on the surface provides the whole set of the present invention with suitable rotary torque and pull-back reaming drilling pressure, the primary cutting ring 3 and the secondary cutting ring 4 are driven by the drill string to rotate at high speed and cut the broken hole wall The surrounding rock and soil mass realizes reaming drilling, and at the same time, the pressurized grout that is continuously circulating in a positive circulation mode (it is best to use low-solid or no-solid mud. Among them, low-solid mud: refers to the clay content (by weight) )<10%, or refers to mud with clay content (by volume)<4%; solid-free mud: refers to a dispersion system prepared by mixing organic polymers and water without adding clay.) From The bionic nozzle inlets 61 of several bionic nozzles 6 embedded in the primary cutting ring 3 and the secondary cutting ring 4 flow into the inner cavity, and are ejected at high speed by the bionic nozzle outlet 62 to form a high-pressure jet, which can clean the holes that are about to be broken. The rock and soil around the wall are carried out in advance (pre) erosion and crushing to realize the reaming drilling of the auxiliary primary cutting ring 3 and the secondary cutting ring 4, which can effectively improve the drilling efficiency of the rock and soil mass when pulling back and reaming. work efficiency.
如图1-1、图1-2、图2-1、图2-2、图7所示，一种用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成，其包括冲击器、封液接头5和上述的多级的扩孔器；多级所述扩孔器的一端与所述冲击器之间通过螺纹密封连接，多级所述扩孔器的另一端与所述封液接头通过螺纹密封连接。使用本发明实施非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔钻进时浆液的循环方式为正循环。As shown in Figure 1-1, Figure 1-2, Figure 2-1, Figure 2-2, and Figure 7, a pull-back reaming assembly for laying pipelines without excavation, which includes an impactor, sealing liquid Joint 5 and the above-mentioned multi-stage reamer; one end of the multi-stage reamer is connected to the impactor through a threaded seal, and the other end of the multi-stage reamer is connected to the liquid sealing joint through Thread-tight connection. When the present invention is used to implement pull-back reaming drilling for non-excavation laying pipelines, the slurry circulation mode is positive circulation.
所述冲击器为扭力冲击器1或液动冲击器2。若连接扭力冲击器1实施非开挖铺设管线时的回拉扩孔钻进，则扭力冲击器1可为整套钻具持续提供与钻具回转方向相一致的附加冲击扭力作用，其上端通过螺纹与钻杆柱相连，下端由螺纹与多级扩孔器相连，这样就可在实施非开挖条件下铺设管线时的回拉扩孔钻进的过程中，使多级扩孔器在由钻机提供动力带动整套钻具回转并回拉扩孔钻进时，持续为它们提供一个额外的附加冲击扭力作用，不仅可有效增强多级扩孔器的回转切削碎岩能力，在一定程度上还能降低钻机的动力消耗。若连接液动冲击器2实施非开挖条件下铺设管线时的回拉扩孔钻进，则液动冲击器2可为整套钻具不断地提供轴向的往复冲击载荷，其上端通过螺纹与钻杆柱相连，下端由螺纹与多级扩孔器相连，这样一来就可在实施非开挖铺设管线时的回拉扩孔钻进的过程中实现冲击回转碎岩方式的扩孔钻进，可使对岩石的扩孔钻进效率得到有效提升，同时在一定程度上还可起到钻具解卡的作用。The impactor is a torsional impactor 1 or a hydraulic impactor 2 . If the torsion impactor 1 is connected to pull back and ream drilling when laying pipelines without excavation, the torsion impactor 1 can continuously provide additional impact torsion force for the entire set of drilling tools in line with the rotation direction of the drilling tool. It is connected with the drill string, and the lower end is connected with the multi-stage reamer by threads, so that the multi-stage reamer can be used by the drilling rig during the pull-back reaming drilling process when the pipeline is laid under trenchless conditions. Provide power to drive the whole set of drilling tools to rotate and pull back when drilling, and continuously provide them with an additional additional impact torsion, which can not only effectively enhance the rotary cutting rock breaking ability of the multi-stage reamer, but also to a certain extent Reduce the power consumption of the drilling rig. If the hydraulic impactor 2 is connected to carry out pullback and reaming drilling when laying pipelines under non-excavation conditions, the hydraulic impactor 2 can continuously provide axial reciprocating impact loads for the entire set of drilling tools, and its upper end passes through threads and The drill pipe string is connected, and the lower end is connected with the multi-stage reamer by threads, so that the reaming drilling of the impact rotary rock breaking method can be realized in the process of pulling back reaming drilling when laying trenchless pipelines , can effectively improve the drilling efficiency of rock reaming, and at the same time, to a certain extent, it can also play the role of releasing the jamming of drilling tools.
如图6-1、图6-2所示，封液接头5是连接多级扩孔器和分动器、钻杆柱(或成品管道)的部件，它主要由上螺纹51、中部隔液板52和下螺纹53组成。其上部通过上螺纹51与下端连接螺纹44相连；中部为中部隔液板52，用于封堵实施非开挖条件下管线铺设的回拉扩孔钻进时在钻具中不断循环着的有压浆液，以使有压浆液能够在多级扩孔器的中心通道内不断积蓄能量并向上累积起来，从而使有压浆液能够沿着若干一级贯通孔33和二级贯通孔43流入嵌固于各自的仿生喷嘴6中形成高压射流；下部通过下螺纹53与分动器、钻杆柱(或成品管道)等相连，若分动器等并非采用螺纹连接的方式，则可通过在下螺纹53处连接一个相适宜的转换过渡接头用于连接分动器等即可。As shown in Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2, the liquid sealing joint 5 is a component that connects the multi-stage reamer, the transfer case, and the drill string (or finished pipeline). Plate 52 and lower thread 53 are formed. Its upper part is connected with the lower end connecting thread 44 through the upper thread 51; the middle part is the middle liquid barrier 52, which is used to block the oil that is continuously circulating in the drilling tool during the pull-back reaming of pipeline laying under non-excavation conditions. Press the grout, so that the pressurized grout can continuously accumulate energy in the central channel of the multi-stage reamer and accumulate upwards, so that the pressurized grout can flow into the embedding along several primary through-holes 33 and secondary through-holes 43 In respective bionic nozzles 6, high-pressure jets are formed; the lower part is connected with the transfer case, drill string (or finished pipeline) etc. through the lower thread 53, if the transfer case etc. Connect a suitable conversion transition joint to connect the transfer case and so on.
第二实施例：Second embodiment:
如图3-4所示，为本发明另一种非开挖铺设管线用多级扩孔器结构示意图，第二实施例中的多级扩孔器整体结构与第一实施例中的多级扩孔器基本相同，区别在于，钻头本体内部偏下的位置处设有用于阻隔其中心通道的底部隔液板45。这样在使用本实施例的扩孔器时，无需外接封液接头5，直接通过下端连接螺纹44连接分动器、钻杆柱(或成品管道)等即可。As shown in Figure 3-4, it is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-stage reamer for laying pipelines without excavation according to the present invention. The overall structure of the multi-stage reamer in the second embodiment is the same as that of the multi-stage reamer in the first embodiment. The reamers are basically the same, the difference is that a bottom liquid barrier 45 for blocking the central channel is provided at the lower position inside the drill body. In this way, when the reamer of this embodiment is used, there is no need to connect the sealing liquid joint 5 externally, and the transfer box, the drill string (or the finished pipeline) and the like can be directly connected through the lower end connecting thread 44 .
根据第二实施例，本发明还提供了另一种用于非开挖铺设管线的回拉扩孔总成，其包括冲击器和多级扩孔器(采用第二实施例中的多级扩孔器)；多级扩孔器的一端与所述冲击器之间通过螺纹密封连接，多级扩孔器的另一端通过下端连接螺纹44连接分动器、钻杆柱(或成品管道)等。According to the second embodiment, the present invention also provides another pullback reaming assembly for laying pipelines without excavation, which includes an impactor and a multi-stage reamer (using the multi-stage reamer in the second embodiment) hole device); one end of the multistage reamer and the impactor are connected through a threaded seal, and the other end of the multistage reamer is connected to the transfer case, drill string (or finished pipeline), etc. through the lower end connection thread 44 .
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510097925.7ACN104763342B (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | A kind of reaming assembly of pulling back for non-excavation laying pipeline |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510097925.7ACN104763342B (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | A kind of reaming assembly of pulling back for non-excavation laying pipeline |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104763342A CN104763342A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| CN104763342Btrue CN104763342B (en) | 2017-10-24 |
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| CN201510097925.7AExpired - Fee RelatedCN104763342B (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | A kind of reaming assembly of pulling back for non-excavation laying pipeline |
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