技术领域technical field
本发明涉及心血管检测领域，尤其涉及一种血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量装置、系统及方法。The invention relates to the field of cardiovascular detection, in particular to a device, system and method for simultaneously performing OCT imaging and pressure measurement in blood vessels.
背景技术Background technique
冠状动脉疾病(CAD)是全世界导致死亡的头号原因。由于动脉粥样硬化斑块的堆积、破裂和血栓，冠状动脉疾病(CAD)能引起胸痛(心绞痛)，心肌缺血和心源性猝死。对于那些没有猝死或有慢性心绞痛症状的病人，合适斑块的治疗包括经皮冠状动脉介入手术(PCI)。心脏介入专家通过PCI手术放置支架处理病变,但近年来不少研究结果认为心脏支架被滥用，或至少过度使用引发很多争议，医生在考虑只使用支架时更加谨慎和挑剔。此外由于成本较低的药物治疗已被引入到市场，研究发现它们也是有效的。在治疗病情稳定的冠心病患者时我们已经看到了支架置入术的温和下降。这些因素，再加上越来越多的公共意见，三种新的血管成像/测量设备和耗材：1)血管内超声(IVUS)、2)光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和3)血流储备分数(FFR)技术能准确地帮助医生为每一个病人术前评估是否支架置入及术后评估，在冠心病变检查中起到越来越重要的作用。Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the number one cause of death worldwide. Coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause chest pain (angina), myocardial ischemia, and sudden cardiac death due to the buildup, rupture, and thrombus of atherosclerotic plaque. For those patients without sudden death or symptoms of chronic angina, appropriate plaque therapy includes percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Interventional cardiologists place stents through PCI to treat lesions. However, in recent years, many studies have concluded that cardiac stents have been abused, or at least overused, causing a lot of controversy. Doctors are more cautious and picky when considering only using stents. In addition, as less costly drug treatments have been introduced to the market, studies have found that they are also effective. We've seen a modest decline in stenting in patients with stable coronary artery disease. These factors, coupled with growing public opinion, are three new vascular imaging/measurement devices and consumables: 1) Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), 2) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and 3) Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) technology can accurately help doctors to evaluate whether stent placement and postoperative evaluation for each patient, and it plays an increasingly important role in the detection of coronary heart disease.
大量临床数据表明，血管内压力测量对于冠状动脉介入手术极为重要，最常用的测量方式血流储备分数(Fractional Flow Reserve，FFR)反应了狭窄冠脉对于心肌灌注的影响，被认为是侵入式检测方式中评价冠脉严重程度的金标准，因此最新指南推荐，对于那些可能引起缺血的狭窄病变，应用FFR评价血管狭窄程度被推荐为I类证据。FFR使用带压力传感器的导丝插入到动脉，导丝末端至被调查的病变处进行测量。一般是通过腺苷的血管内给药来诱导最大充血(最高血流量)，同时用压力导丝远端对狭窄进行压力测量并除以主动脉的压力，测得FFR值。FFR参数目前用于临床实践以确定是否有冠状动脉病变的病人应该使用支架进行治疗。A large number of clinical data show that the measurement of intravascular pressure is extremely important for coronary interventional surgery. The most commonly used measurement method, Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), reflects the impact of narrowed coronary arteries on myocardial perfusion, and is considered to be an invasive detection method. Therefore, the latest guidelines recommend that for those stenotic lesions that may cause ischemia, the application of FFR to evaluate the degree of vascular stenosis is recommended as type I evidence. FFR is measured using a guidewire with a pressure transducer inserted into the artery and the end of the guidewire to the lesion under investigation. Maximal hyperemia (maximum blood flow) is generally induced by intravascular administration of adenosine, while the pressure measurement of the stenosis with the distal end of the pressure wire is divided by the pressure in the aorta to obtain the FFR value. FFR parameters are currently used in clinical practice to determine whether patients with coronary artery disease should be treated with stents.
尽管FFR技术已被证明是有价值的介入诊断测量手段，许多情况下FFR不能单独用来指导介入手术：1)有时压力测量的人为因素能给出FFR值并不一定预示血管病变的严重程度；2)由于不完美的测量精度，在接受治疗的界限附近的FFR值可能会给介入专家带来挑战；3)在许多情况下，血管堵塞是源于病变部位的凝块，而在这些情况下FFR不是病变程度的真实测量；4)FFR不提供对动脉壁本身的任何信息，因此不能被用于优化需要被放置支架的类型或长度。Although FFR technology has been proven to be a valuable interventional diagnostic measure, FFR alone cannot be used to guide interventional procedures in many cases: 1) Sometimes the artificial factors of pressure measurement can give FFR value and do not necessarily predict the severity of vascular lesions; 2) FFR values near the limits of treatment may present challenges for interventional specialists due to imperfect measurement accuracy; 3) In many cases, vascular blockages originate from clots at the lesion site, and in these cases FFR is not a true measure of lesion extent; 4) FFR does not provide any information on the arterial wall itself and therefore cannot be used to optimize the type or length of stents that need to be placed.
因为以上和其他未一一列举的原因，心脏介入专家需要得到关于冠状动脉壁结构的信息以提供更多数据来指导介入治疗。For reasons not listed above and others, interventional cardiologists need information about coronary artery wall structure to provide more data to guide interventional therapy.
光学相干断层扫描(Optical Coherence Tomography，OCT)就是这样的高分辨率(10微米级)血管构造成像技术。在心内OCT中，导管被插入动脉以获取10微米的分辨率剖面和三维图像，使动脉血管壁详细的显微结构特征的可视化成为可能。心内OCT已经被证明能够辨别包括脂质的存在，炎症，钙化，凝块(血栓)等各种有关的临床特征。OCT在三维空间捕捉的这些信息能有效描述罪犯血管病变的程度及类型，从而作为重要数据被用来引导介入治疗程序。另外OCT也能够用于成像尚未引起血栓的非罪犯病变。治疗这些冠状血管病变发生之前的非罪犯病变是一种有前途的，用于改善CAD发病率与死亡率的概念。Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is such a high-resolution (10-micron scale) imaging technique for vascular structures. In intracardiac OCT, a catheter is inserted into the artery to acquire cross-sectional and three-dimensional images at 10-micron resolution, enabling the visualization of detailed microstructural features of the arterial vessel wall. Intracardiac OCT has been shown to be able to discern various relevant clinical features including the presence of lipids, inflammation, calcification, and clots (thrombus). The information captured by OCT in three-dimensional space can effectively describe the degree and type of culprit vascular lesions, and thus be used as important data to guide interventional treatment procedures. In addition, OCT can also be used to image non-culprit lesions that have not yet caused thrombosis. Treatment of the nonculprit lesions preceding these coronary lesions is a promising concept for improving CAD morbidity and mortality.
FFR和OCT技术都已被医生广为接受，但目前OCT导管和FFR导丝是作为单个设备分开使用的，所以增加了检查的持续时间，复杂性，和患者使用成本。Both FFR and OCT techniques have been widely accepted by physicians, but currently the OCT catheter and FFR guidewire are used separately as a single device, thus increasing the duration, complexity, and cost of the examination for the patient.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的发明目的在于建立一个可以同时完成对血管组织的微观影像观察以及血管内的压力测量的装置。The purpose of the present invention is to establish a device that can simultaneously complete the microscopic image observation of vascular tissue and the pressure measurement in the blood vessel.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:
提供一种血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量装置，包括成像测压导管和驱动控制机构，其中：An intravascular simultaneous OCT imaging and pressure measurement device is provided, including an imaging manometry catheter and a drive control mechanism, wherein:
成像测压导管包括相连接的导管光纤和光纤探头，所述导管光纤外部设有传动轴；所述光纤探头的光纤端面设有球透镜和透光器件，该光纤探头的端部设有压力传感器；进入导管光纤的一部分光信号经过球透镜折射后射向血管壁，经反射后原路返回，得到包含血管壁形貌信息的反射OCT光束；另一部分光信号通过透光器件射向压力传感器，经反射后沿原路返回，得到包含血流压力信息的反射压力光束；所述反射OCT光束和所述反射压力光束均通过所述导管光纤传输出去；The imaging pressure measurement catheter includes a connected catheter fiber and a fiber optic probe, and a transmission shaft is arranged outside the catheter fiber; the fiber end face of the fiber optic probe is provided with a ball lens and a light-transmitting device, and the end of the fiber optic probe is provided with a pressure sensor ; A part of the optical signal entering the catheter fiber is refracted by the ball lens and then directed to the blood vessel wall, and returns to the original path after reflection to obtain the reflected OCT beam containing the shape information of the vessel wall; the other part of the optical signal is directed to the pressure sensor through the light-transmitting device. After reflection, return along the original path to obtain a reflected pressure beam containing blood flow pressure information; both the reflected OCT beam and the reflected pressure beam are transmitted through the catheter optical fiber;
驱动控制机构，包括旋转控制单元和回撤单元，所述旋转控制单元连接导管光纤和外部光纤，并控制传动轴带动光纤探头旋转；所述回撤单元控制通过传动轴控制光纤探头沿血管径向移动。The drive control mechanism includes a rotation control unit and a retraction unit. The rotation control unit connects the catheter optical fiber and the external optical fiber, and controls the transmission shaft to drive the optical fiber probe to rotate; move.
本发明所述的装置中，所述光纤探头的外部设有套管。In the device of the present invention, a casing is provided outside the fiber optic probe.
本发明所述的装置中，所述传动轴外部设有保护套。In the device of the present invention, a protective sleeve is provided outside the transmission shaft.
本发明所述的装置中，该成像测压导管还包括透明套管，与所述保护套以及所述套管连接为一体。In the device according to the present invention, the imaging pressure measurement catheter further includes a transparent sleeve, which is integrally connected with the protective sleeve and the sleeve.
本发明所述的装置中，所述保护套为刚性保护套。In the device of the present invention, the protective sheath is a rigid protective sheath.
本发明所述的装置中，所述成像测压导管的直径不大于550微米。In the device of the present invention, the diameter of the imaging manometry catheter is not greater than 550 microns.
本发明所述的装置中，所述压力传感器为干涉仪、光纤光栅或者可变形膜。In the device of the present invention, the pressure sensor is an interferometer, a fiber grating or a deformable membrane.
本发明还提供了一种血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量系统，包括扫频激光器、分光器、延迟线、偏振器、光学环形器、合光器、相干光接收器、信号处理模块、影像工作站终端以及血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量装置，该装置中的驱动控制机构通过光纤与光学环形器连接；The present invention also provides a system for simultaneously performing OCT imaging and pressure measurement in blood vessels, including a frequency-sweeping laser, a beam splitter, a delay line, a polarizer, an optical circulator, an optical combiner, a coherent light receiver, a signal processing module, an image The workstation terminal and the intravascular simultaneous OCT imaging and pressure measurement device, the drive control mechanism in the device is connected to the optical circulator through an optical fiber;
影像工作站终端控制扫频激光器产生扫频激光信号，经分光器分为两部分，一部分经延迟线、偏振器得到标准激光信号进入合光器，另一部分光经光学环形器进入测量装置；通过测量装置得到的反射OCT光束和反射压力光束经过光学环行器后，与标准激光信号汇合到合光器产生干涉信号，干涉信号被相干光接收器接收并转换成电信号，电信号经放大与数模转换后传到信号处理模块，最后在影像工作站终端显示。The video workstation terminal controls the frequency-sweeping laser to generate a frequency-sweeping laser signal, which is divided into two parts by the optical splitter, one part passes through the delay line and the polarizer to obtain the standard laser signal and enters the optical combiner, and the other part enters the measurement device through the optical circulator; through the measurement After the reflected OCT beam and reflected pressure beam obtained by the device pass through the optical circulator, they merge with the standard laser signal to the optical combiner to generate an interference signal. The interference signal is received by the coherent optical receiver and converted into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is amplified and digital-analog After conversion, it is transmitted to the signal processing module, and finally displayed on the video workstation terminal.
本发明还提供了一种血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for simultaneously performing OCT imaging and pressure measurement in a blood vessel, comprising the following steps:
扫频激光器产生扫频激光信号，经分光器分为两部分，一部分经延迟线、偏振器得到标准激光信号；The frequency-sweeping laser generates a frequency-sweeping laser signal, which is divided into two parts by a beam splitter, and one part is passed through a delay line and a polarizer to obtain a standard laser signal;
另一部分光经光学环形器进入测量装置，通过驱动控制机构中的旋转控制单元控制传动轴带动导管光纤旋转，使得在光纤探头的入射光信号在血管内能够进行360度扫描，并且相应地接收由血管壁和压力传感器反射的光信号；The other part of light enters the measurement device through the optical circulator, and the transmission shaft is controlled by the rotation control unit in the drive control mechanism to drive the catheter fiber to rotate, so that the incident light signal of the fiber probe can scan 360 degrees in the blood vessel, and correspondingly received by Light signals reflected from vessel walls and pressure sensors;
当光纤探头在血管内某一处完成360度旋转后，通过回撤单元带动光纤探头沿血管径向移动到下一个取样点，再度完成360度扫描，以此类推，获得一段血管中反射的光信号；When the fiber optic probe completes a 360-degree rotation at a certain place in the blood vessel, the retraction unit drives the fiber optic probe to move radially along the blood vessel to the next sampling point, and completes 360-degree scanning again, and so on, to obtain the light reflected in a section of blood vessel Signal;
反射的光信号与标准激光信号汇合产生干涉信号，将干涉信号转换成电信号，电信号经放大与数模转换后进行处理得到一端血管中完整的血管内壁横断面形貌和压力数据，并显示。The reflected optical signal merges with the standard laser signal to generate an interference signal, which is converted into an electrical signal. After the electrical signal is amplified and digital-to-analog converted, the electrical signal is processed to obtain the complete cross-sectional morphology and pressure data of the inner wall of the blood vessel at one end, and displayed .
本发明产生的有益效果是：本发明在光纤探头上设置球透镜和透光器件，使用球透镜反射OCT光束用于OCT成像，使用球透镜和透光器件分离压力光束到压力传感器，从而在同一导管中实现对血管内壁形貌图像及血管内压力的测量的双重目的。The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are: the present invention arranges a ball lens and a light-transmitting device on the optical fiber probe, uses the ball lens to reflect the OCT light beam for OCT imaging, and uses the ball lens and the light-transmitting device to separate the pressure beam to the pressure sensor, thereby in the same The catheter realizes the dual purpose of measuring the topographic image of the inner wall of the blood vessel and the pressure in the blood vessel.
进一步地，本发明的成像测压导管直径不大于550微米，因此不会改变2mm冠脉的血流动力学，从而能精确地测量这类血管内的压力。Furthermore, the diameter of the imaging pressure measurement catheter of the present invention is not greater than 550 microns, so it will not change the hemodynamics of the 2mm coronary artery, so that the pressure in this type of blood vessel can be accurately measured.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, in the accompanying drawing:
图1是本发明实施例血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for simultaneously performing OCT imaging and pressure measurement in a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例成像测压导管的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural view of an imaging pressure measuring catheter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量系统的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for simultaneously performing OCT imaging and pressure measurement in a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明实施例的血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量装置10包括成像测压导管和驱动控制机构，两者可通过光学机械结构连接。As shown in FIG. 1 , an apparatus 10 for simultaneous intravascular OCT imaging and pressure measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an imaging manometry catheter and a drive control mechanism, which can be connected through an optical-mechanical structure.
成像测压导管包括相连接的导管光纤14和光纤探头16，导管光纤14外部设有传动轴15；如图2所示，光纤探头16的光纤端面设有球透镜162和透光器件163，该透光器件163的核心作用为有效传输透射光和反射光，该透光器件163可选用棱镜或渐变折射率透镜。该光纤探头16的端部设有压力传感器161；进入导管光纤14的一部分光信号经过球透镜162折射后射向血管壁18，经反射后原路返回，得到包含血管壁形貌信息的反射OCT光束；另一部分光信号通过透光器件163射向压力传感器161，经反射后沿原路返回，得到包含血流压力信息的反射压力光束；反射OCT光束和反射压力光束均通过导管光纤14传输出去。可见，本发明实施例中用于压力测量的压力光束和用于产生OCT图像的OCT光束使用的是相同的光源。The imaging pressure measurement catheter includes a connected catheter fiber 14 and an optical fiber probe 16, and a transmission shaft 15 is provided outside the catheter fiber 14; as shown in Figure 2, a ball lens 162 and a light-transmitting device 163 are provided on the fiber end face of the fiber optic probe 16. The core function of the light-transmitting device 163 is to effectively transmit transmitted light and reflected light, and the light-transmitting device 163 may be a prism or a graded-index lens. The end of the optical fiber probe 16 is provided with a pressure sensor 161; a part of the optical signal entering the catheter optical fiber 14 is refracted by the ball lens 162 and then shoots to the blood vessel wall 18, and returns to the original path after reflection to obtain a reflection OCT that includes the shape information of the blood vessel wall light beam; the other part of the light signal is sent to the pressure sensor 161 through the light-transmitting device 163, and returns along the original path after reflection to obtain the reflected pressure beam containing blood flow pressure information; both the reflected OCT beam and the reflected pressure beam are transmitted out through the catheter optical fiber 14 . It can be seen that the same light source is used for the pressure beam used for pressure measurement and the OCT beam used for generating the OCT image in the embodiment of the present invention.
驱动控制机构，包括旋转控制单元12和回撤单元13，旋转控制单元12连接导管光纤14和外部光纤11，并控制传动轴15带动光纤探头16旋转；回撤单元13控制通过传动轴15控制光纤探头16沿血管径向移动。The drive control mechanism includes a rotation control unit 12 and a retraction unit 13. The rotation control unit 12 connects the catheter optical fiber 14 and the external optical fiber 11, and controls the transmission shaft 15 to drive the optical fiber probe 16 to rotate; the retraction unit 13 controls the optical fiber through the transmission shaft 15. The probe 16 moves radially along the blood vessel.
导管光纤14的中心部分是光纤芯，它是光信号传导的光通道，纤芯外面的一层是折射率低于光纤芯折射率的光纤包层，以形成良好的光波导；在光纤包层外面紧密套上光纤传动轴管，使得光纤也能受控转动。本发明的一个实施例中，可在传动轴外部设有保护套，保护套为不锈钢或其他刚性保护套。The central part of the conduit fiber 14 is an optical fiber core, which is an optical channel for optical signal transmission, and the outer layer of the optical core is an optical fiber cladding with a refractive index lower than that of the optical fiber core to form a good optical waveguide; The optical fiber transmission shaft tube is tightly fitted on the outside, so that the optical fiber can also be rotated in a controlled manner. In one embodiment of the present invention, a protective sleeve can be provided outside the transmission shaft, and the protective sleeve is made of stainless steel or other rigid protective sleeves.
本发明的一个实施例中，光纤探头16的外部设有套管19。In one embodiment of the present invention, a sleeve 19 is provided outside the fiber optic probe 16 .
本发明的一个实施例中，该成像测压导管还包括透明套管17，主要作用是光纤的保护及透光探测血管壁的光学信息，设置在保护套以及套管19的外部。In an embodiment of the present invention, the imaging pressure measurement catheter also includes a transparent sleeve 17 , which is mainly used to protect the optical fiber and detect optical information of the blood vessel wall through light transmission, and is arranged outside the protective sleeve and the sleeve 19 .
激光信号由光纤11经光学机械结构进入导管光纤14。旋转控制单元12和回撤单元13控制导管光纤14内的传动轴15带动光纤旋转，使得在光纤探头16的入射光信号在血管内能够进行360度扫描并且相应地接收由血管壁18和压力传感器161反射的光信号。360度旋转扫描可以获取完整的血管内壁横断面形貌和压力数据。当光纤探头16完成360度旋转获取某一处完整的血管壁横截面形貌后，回撤单元13带动光纤探头16沿血管径向移动到下一个取样点，再度完成360度扫描获得此处完整的血管壁横断面形貌和压力数据。以此类推，导管光纤14可以完成一段血管径向和横断面完整的形貌和压力数据。光纤探头16是进行精密加工的一组光学棱镜透镜系统。另外在光纤探头16部分还设置了相应的压力传感装置。本发明的整个导管光纤的直径不大于550微米，适用于2mm～3.5mm的冠状动脉内，目前市场上商用的类似导管光纤直径均大于800微米，足以改变2mm冠脉的血流动力学，从而不能精确地测量这类血管内的压力。The laser signal enters the catheter fiber 14 from the optical fiber 11 through the optical mechanical structure. The rotation control unit 12 and the retraction unit 13 control the transmission shaft 15 in the catheter fiber 14 to drive the fiber to rotate, so that the incident light signal in the fiber probe 16 can scan 360 degrees in the blood vessel and be received by the blood vessel wall 18 and the pressure sensor accordingly. 161 reflected light signals. The 360-degree rotating scan can obtain complete cross-sectional morphology and pressure data of the inner wall of the blood vessel. After the optical fiber probe 16 completes the 360-degree rotation to obtain a complete cross-sectional view of the blood vessel wall, the retraction unit 13 drives the optical fiber probe 16 to move radially along the blood vessel to the next sampling point, and completes the 360-degree scanning again to obtain the complete cross-sectional profile of the blood vessel wall. The cross-sectional morphology and pressure data of the vessel wall. By analogy, the catheter optical fiber 14 can complete the complete shape and pressure data of a section of blood vessel in the radial direction and cross section. The optical fiber probe 16 is a group of optical prism lens system that is processed precisely. In addition, a corresponding pressure sensing device is also provided on the fiber optic probe 16 . The diameter of the entire catheter fiber of the present invention is not more than 550 microns, and is suitable for coronary arteries of 2 mm to 3.5 mm. The diameters of similar catheter fibers commercially available on the market are all greater than 800 microns, which is enough to change the hemodynamics of 2 mm coronary arteries, thereby The pressure within such blood vessels cannot be accurately measured.
如图3所示，为本发明实施例血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量系统的结构示意图，包括扫频激光器21、分光器22、延迟线和偏振器23、光学环形器24、合光器25、相干光接收器26、信号处理模块27、影像工作站终端28以及上述实施例的血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量装置10，该装置10中的驱动控制机构通过光纤11与光学环形器24连接。As shown in Figure 3, it is a schematic structural diagram of a system for simultaneously performing OCT imaging and pressure measurement in a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a frequency-sweeping laser 21, a beam splitter 22, a delay line and a polarizer 23, an optical circulator 24, and a light combiner 25. A coherent light receiver 26, a signal processing module 27, an image workstation terminal 28, and the device 10 for simultaneously performing OCT imaging and pressure measurement in the blood vessel of the above-mentioned embodiment, the drive control mechanism in the device 10 is connected to the optical circulator 24 through the optical fiber 11 connect.
影像工作站终端28控制扫频激光器21产生扫频激光信号，经分光器22分为两部分，一部分经延迟线和偏振器23得到标准激光信号进入合光器25，另一部分光经光学环形器24进入测量装置10；通过测量装置10得到的反射OCT光束和反射压力光束经过光学环行器24后传入延迟线和偏振器23再传送至接收端获取血管壁的影像信息及血管内的压力信息，即与标准激光信号汇合到合光器25产生干涉信号，干涉信号被相干光接收器26接收并转换成电信号，电信号经放大与数模转换后传到信号处理模块27，最后在影像工作站终端28显示，最终完成对血管内壁形貌图像及血管内压力的测量。The video workstation terminal 28 controls the frequency-sweeping laser 21 to generate a frequency-sweeping laser signal, which is divided into two parts by the optical splitter 22, one part passes through the delay line and the polarizer 23 to obtain a standard laser signal and enters the optical combiner 25, and the other part passes through the optical circulator 24 Enter the measurement device 10; the reflected OCT beam and the reflected pressure beam obtained by the measurement device 10 pass through the optical circulator 24, then enter the delay line and the polarizer 23, and then transmit to the receiving end to obtain the image information of the blood vessel wall and the pressure information in the blood vessel, That is, the standard laser signal is combined with the optical combiner 25 to generate an interference signal. The interference signal is received by the coherent optical receiver 26 and converted into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is transmitted to the signal processing module 27 after being amplified and digital-to-analog converted. The terminal 28 displays that the topographic image of the inner wall of the blood vessel and the measurement of the pressure in the blood vessel are finally completed.
如图2所示，本发明实施例的光纤探头16的光纤端面采用了球透镜及透光器件的组合，信号光经过球透镜162，部分被折射(定义为OCT光束)，部分被透射(定义为压力光束)。OCT光束射向血管壁，这时包含血管壁形貌信息的OCT光束被血管壁反射回球透镜162，原路折回到图3中的光学环形器24，再传入延迟线和偏振器23再传送至接收端获取血管壁的影像信息及血管内的压力信息。压力光束被球透镜162透射后，继续透过透光器件163射向压力传感器161(压力传感器161可以是干涉仪、光纤光栅传感器或者可变形隔膜等)，本发明实施例图1中的压力传感器161为一层可变形膜，可变形膜感受血管内血流压力，并反射压力光束，这时包含了血流压力信息的反射压力光束按原路返回到透光器件163和球透镜162，与被反射的OCT光束会合，原路折回到图3中的光学环形器24，最终达到对血管内壁形貌图像及血管内压力的测量的双重目的。As shown in Figure 2, the optical fiber end face of the optical fiber probe 16 of the embodiment of the present invention has adopted the combination of ball lens and light-transmitting device, and signal light passes through ball lens 162, and part is refracted (defined as OCT light beam), and part is transmitted (defined as for the pressure beam). The OCT light beam shoots to the blood vessel wall. At this time, the OCT light beam containing the shape information of the blood vessel wall is reflected back to the ball lens 162 by the blood vessel wall, and returns to the optical circulator 24 in FIG. Send to the receiving end to obtain the image information of the blood vessel wall and the pressure information in the blood vessel. After the pressure light beam is transmitted by the ball lens 162, it continues to pass through the light-transmitting device 163 to the pressure sensor 161 (the pressure sensor 161 can be an interferometer, a fiber grating sensor or a deformable diaphragm, etc.), the pressure sensor in Figure 1 of the embodiment of the present invention 161 is a layer of deformable membrane. The deformable membrane senses the pressure of blood flow in the blood vessel and reflects the pressure beam. At this time, the reflected pressure beam containing blood pressure information returns to the light-transmitting device 163 and the ball lens 162 according to the original path. The reflected OCT light beams meet and return to the optical circulator 24 in FIG. 3 on the original path, and finally achieve the dual purpose of measuring the topography image of the inner wall of the blood vessel and the pressure in the blood vessel.
在本发明的系统中，光的波长是连续可调的，不同波长的光进入不同深度的血管组织产生不同的反射光，与标准激光信号的光汇合后产生不同的干涉影像信号。反射率作为组织深度的函数可通过对光谱干涉信号的傅里叶变换换算出来。这样可以获得血管壁组织毫米级深度，以及10微米级分辨率的轮廓影像。In the system of the present invention, the wavelength of light is continuously adjustable, and light of different wavelengths enters blood vessel tissues at different depths to produce different reflected lights, which generate different interference image signals after combining with standard laser signal light. Reflectance as a function of tissue depth can be converted by Fourier transform of the spectral interference signal. In this way, millimeter-level depth of blood vessel wall tissue and contour images with a resolution of 10 microns can be obtained.
基于上述实施例的系统，本发明的血管内同时进行OCT成像和压力测量方法，主要包括以下步骤：Based on the system of the above-mentioned embodiment, the method for simultaneously performing OCT imaging and pressure measurement in a blood vessel of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
扫频激光器产生扫频激光信号，经分光器分为两部分，一部分经延迟线和偏振器得到标准激光信号；The frequency-sweeping laser generates a frequency-sweeping laser signal, which is divided into two parts by a beam splitter, and one part is passed through a delay line and a polarizer to obtain a standard laser signal;
另一部分光经光学环形器进入测量装置，通过驱动控制机构中的旋转控制单元控制传动轴带动导管光纤旋转，使得在光纤探头的入射光信号在血管内能够进行360度扫描，并且相应地接收由血管壁和压力传感器反射的光信号；The other part of light enters the measurement device through the optical circulator, and the transmission shaft is controlled by the rotation control unit in the drive control mechanism to drive the catheter fiber to rotate, so that the incident light signal of the fiber probe can scan 360 degrees in the blood vessel, and correspondingly received by Light signals reflected from vessel walls and pressure sensors;
当光纤探头在血管内某一处完成360度旋转后，通过回撤单元带动光纤探头沿血管径向移动到下一个取样点，再度完成360度扫描，以此类推，获得一段血管中反射的光信号；When the fiber optic probe completes a 360-degree rotation at a certain place in the blood vessel, the retraction unit drives the fiber optic probe to move radially along the blood vessel to the next sampling point, and completes 360-degree scanning again, and so on, to obtain the light reflected in a section of blood vessel Signal;
反射的光信号与标准激光信号汇合产生干涉信号，将干涉信号转换成电信号，电信号经放大与数模转换后进行处理得到一端血管中完整的血管内壁横断面形貌和压力数据，并显示。The reflected optical signal merges with the standard laser signal to generate an interference signal, which is converted into an electrical signal. After the electrical signal is amplified and digital-to-analog converted, the electrical signal is processed to obtain the complete cross-sectional morphology and pressure data of the inner wall of the blood vessel at one end, and displayed .
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510126214.8ACN104739377B (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | It is intravascular while carry out OCT image and device for pressure measurement, system and method |
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| CN201510126214.8ACN104739377B (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | It is intravascular while carry out OCT image and device for pressure measurement, system and method |
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| CN104739377Atrue CN104739377A (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| CN104739377B CN104739377B (en) | 2018-01-23 |
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| CN201510126214.8AActiveCN104739377B (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | It is intravascular while carry out OCT image and device for pressure measurement, system and method |
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