技术领域technical field
本发明涉及天气状态测量仪器领域，具体而言，涉及一种沙尘暴监测方法及装置。The invention relates to the field of weather state measuring instruments, in particular to a sandstorm monitoring method and device.
背景技术Background technique
北京及周边区域处于半干旱半湿润过渡地带，降水稀少，每年或多或少都会受到沙尘天气的影响。但沙尘生消过程往往较短，快则几个小时慢则几天。基于极轨卫星的沙尘监测，由于卫星每天只有两次飞越地球表面上的同一区域，并且总是在同一时刻前后，很难连续跟踪沙尘天气发生、发展过程，而且极轨卫星遥感覆盖范围相对有限，不能满足实时预测预警及监管的需求。Beijing and its surrounding areas are in a semi-arid and semi-humid transition zone, with little precipitation, and are more or less affected by sand and dust weather every year. However, the process of sand and dust generation and elimination is often short, as fast as a few hours or as slow as a few days. Dust monitoring based on polar-orbiting satellites, since the satellites only fly over the same area on the earth’s surface twice a day, and always around the same time, it is difficult to continuously track the occurrence and development of dust weather, and the remote sensing coverage of polar-orbiting satellites Relatively limited, it cannot meet the needs of real-time forecasting, early warning and supervision.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种沙尘暴监测方法及装置，以有效提高现有的基于卫星的沙尘暴监测的实时性和监测范围。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sandstorm monitoring method and device to effectively improve the real-time performance and monitoring range of existing satellite-based sandstorm monitoring.
第一方面，本发明实施例提供的一种沙尘暴监测方法，应用于沙尘暴监测系统，所述沙尘暴监测系统包括静止卫星和卫星遥感信息处理器，所述卫星遥感信息处理器内预设有判定范围，所述静止卫星搭载有传感器，所述方法包括：In the first aspect, a sandstorm monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a sandstorm monitoring system. The sandstorm monitoring system includes a geostationary satellite and a satellite remote sensing information processor, and a judgment range is preset in the satellite remote sensing information processor. , the geostationary satellite is equipped with a sensor, and the method includes:
所述卫星遥感信息处理器获取所述传感器采集的待监测区域的卫星遥感数据；The satellite remote sensing information processor acquires the satellite remote sensing data of the area to be monitored collected by the sensor;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述静止卫星拍摄的卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域；The satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image taken by the stationary satellite is within the determination range, and if so, marks the pixel as a sandstorm-affected area;
将所有被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的像元标记在所述待监测区域的卫星图像上。Mark all the pixels marked as sandstorm-affected areas on the satellite image of the area to be monitored.
结合第一方面，本发明实施例还提供了第一方面的第一种可能实施方式，其中，所述传感器设有10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR和11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S，所述判定范围包括第一阈值范围；In combination with the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a first possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the sensor is provided with a 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR and a 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S, the The determination range includes a first threshold range;
所述卫星遥感数据包括所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的待监测区域的亮温值和所述11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S采集的所述待监测区域的亮温值；The satellite remote sensing data includes the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR and the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，包括：The satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the determination range, and if so, marks the pixel as a sandstorm-affected area, including:
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值与所述11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S采集的亮温值之差是否位于所述第一阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，其中，所述第一阈值范围为IRk－Sk＜－0.7℃，其中，IRk表示第k个像元在10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR的亮温值，Sk表示第k个像元在11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S的亮温值。The satellite remote sensing information processor judges the brightness temperature value collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR and the brightness temperature value collected by the 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S of each pixel in the satellite image Whether the difference is within the first threshold range, if so, mark the pixel as the sandstorm affected area, wherein the first threshold range is IRk-Sk<-0.7°C, where IRk represents the kth pixel The brightness temperature value of the thermal infrared channel IR at 10.3-11.3 μm, Sk represents the brightness temperature value of the kth pixel in the channel S of the split window at 11.5-12.5 μm.
结合第一方面的第一种可能实施方式，本发明实施例还提供了第一方面的第二种可能实施方式，其中，所述传感器还设有3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR，所述判定范围还包括第二阈值范围；In combination with the first possible implementation of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a second possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the sensor is further provided with a 3.5-4.0 μm mid-infrared channel MIR, and the determination the range also includes a second threshold range;
所述卫星遥感数据还包括：所述3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR采集的所述待监测区域的亮温值；The satellite remote sensing data also includes: the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 3.5-4.0 μm mid-infrared channel MIR;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，包括：The satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the determination range, and if so, marks the pixel as a sandstorm-affected area, including:
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR采集的亮温值与所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值之差是否位于所述第二阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，其中，所述第二阈值范围为MIRk－IRk＞15℃，其中，IRk表示第k个像元在10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR的亮温值，MIRk表示第k个像元在3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR的亮温值。The satellite remote sensing information processor judges the difference between the brightness temperature value collected by the 3.5-4.0 μm mid-infrared channel MIR and the brightness temperature value collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR of each pixel in the satellite image Whether it is within the second threshold range, and if so, mark the pixel as the sandstorm-affected area, wherein the second threshold range is MIRk-IRk>15°C, where IRk means that the kth pixel is between 10.3- 11.3μm thermal infrared channel IR brightness temperature value, MIRk represents the kth pixel in the 3.5-4.0μm mid-infrared channel MIR brightness temperature value.
结合第一方面的第二种可能实施方式，本发明实施例还提供了第一方面的第三种可能实施方式，其中，所述传感器还设有6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W，所述判定范围还包括第三阈值范围；In combination with the second possible implementation of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a third possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the sensor is further provided with a 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W, and the determination range Also including a third threshold range;
所述卫星遥感数据还包括：所述6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W采集的所述待监测区域的亮温值；The satellite remote sensing data also includes: the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，包括：The satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the determination range, and if so, marks the pixel as a sandstorm-affected area, including:
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值与所述6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W采集的亮温值之差是否位于所述第三阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，其中，所述第三阈值范围为IRk－Wk＞10℃，其中，IRk表示第k个像元在10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR的亮温值，Wk表示第k个像元在6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W的亮温值。The satellite remote sensing information processor judges the difference between the brightness temperature value collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR and the brightness temperature value collected by the 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W of each pixel in the satellite image Whether the difference is within the third threshold range, if so, mark the pixel as the sandstorm affected area, wherein the third threshold range is IRk-Wk>10°C, where IRk means that the kth pixel is at 10.3 - Brightness temperature value of thermal infrared channel IR at 11.3 μm, Wk represents the brightness temperature value of the kth pixel in 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W.
结合第一方面的第三种可能实施方式，本发明实施例还提供了第一方面的第四种可能实施方式，其中，所述传感器还设有0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS，所述判定范围还包括第四阈值范围；In combination with the third possible implementation of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the sensor is also provided with a 0.55-0.90 μm visible light and near-infrared channel VIS, so The determination range also includes a fourth threshold range;
所述卫星遥感数据还包括：所述0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS采集的所述待监测区域的反照率；The satellite remote sensing data also includes: the albedo of the area to be monitored collected by the 0.55-0.90 μm visible light and near-infrared channel VIS;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，包括：The satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the determination range, and if so, marks the pixel as a sandstorm-affected area, including:
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的反照率是否位于所述第四阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，其中第四阈值范围为0.1＜VISk＜0.3，其中，VISk表示第k个像元在0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS的反照率。The satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the albedo of each pixel in the satellite image is within the fourth threshold range, and if so, marks the pixel as a sandstorm-affected area, wherein the fourth threshold range is 0.1 <VISk<0.3, where VISk represents the albedo of the kth pixel in the visible light and near-infrared channel VIS at 0.55-0.90 μm.
结合第一方面的第一种可能实施方式，本发明实施例还提供了第一方面的第五种可能实施方式，其中，所述判定范围还包括第五阈值范围，所述方法还包括：With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the determination range further includes a fifth threshold range, and the method further includes:
设定一个尺度窗口；set a scale window;
所述卫星遥感处理器判断所述尺度窗口内的每个像元的所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值之差是否位于所述第五阈值范围内，若是，标记所述尺度窗口内的每个像元为沙尘暴影响区域，其中，所述第五阈值范围为ΔIR≤3℃，其中，ΔIR表示所述尺度窗口内各像元在10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR的亮温值之差。The satellite remote sensing processor judges whether the difference between the brightness temperature values collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR of each pixel in the scale window is within the fifth threshold range, and if so, marks the Each pixel in the scale window is the sandstorm-affected area, wherein the fifth threshold range is ΔIR≤3°C, where ΔIR represents the brightness of each pixel in the scale window in the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR temperature difference.
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能实施方式或第二种可能实施方式或第三种可能实施方式或第四种可能实施方式或第五种可能实施方式，本发明实施例还提供了第一方面的第六种可能实施方式，其中，所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域，包括：In combination with the first aspect or the first possible implementation manner or the second possible implementation manner or the third possible implementation manner or the fourth possible implementation manner or the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide A sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect is given, wherein the satellite remote sensing information processor determines whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the determination range, and if so, marks the image Yuan is the area affected by the sandstorm, including:
所述卫星遥感信息处理器将所述卫星图像按照第一规则进行图像平滑处理，生成多个平滑图像，所述第一规则包括以所述卫星图像的像元为中心的邻近的N个像元组成背景图像，将所述背景图像的全部像元的平均值作为所述平滑图像的像元，其中，N大于等于2；The satellite remote sensing information processor performs image smoothing processing on the satellite image according to a first rule to generate a plurality of smooth images, and the first rule includes adjacent N pixels centered on the pixel of the satellite image Composing a background image, using the average value of all pixels of the background image as the pixel of the smooth image, wherein N is greater than or equal to 2;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述平滑图像的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，将所述平滑图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域；The satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel of the smooth image is within the determination range, and if so, marks the pixel of the smooth image as a sandstorm-affected area;
判断被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的所述平滑图像的像元对应的所述背景图像的像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，将所述背景图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域。Judging whether the satellite remote sensing data of the pixel of the background image corresponding to the pixel of the smooth image marked as the sandstorm-affected area is within the determination range, if so, marking the pixel of the background image as sandstorm-affected area.
第二方面，本发明实施例提供的一种沙尘暴监测装置，应用于沙尘暴监测系统，所述沙尘暴监测系统包括静止卫星和卫星遥感信息处理器，所述卫星遥感信息处理器包括所述沙尘暴监测装置，所述卫星遥感信息处理器内预设有判定范围，所述静止卫星搭载有传感器，所述沙尘暴监测装置包括：In the second aspect, a sandstorm monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a sandstorm monitoring system, the sandstorm monitoring system includes a geostationary satellite and a satellite remote sensing information processor, and the satellite remote sensing information processor includes the sandstorm monitoring device , the satellite remote sensing information processor is preset with a determination range, the geostationary satellite is equipped with a sensor, and the sandstorm monitoring device includes:
获取单元，用于获取所述传感器采集的待监测区域的卫星遥感数据；an acquisition unit, configured to acquire satellite remote sensing data of the area to be monitored collected by the sensor;
判断单元，用于判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域；A judging unit, configured to judge whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the judgment range, and if so, mark the pixel as an area affected by a sandstorm;
标记单元，用于将所有被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的像元标记在所述待监测区域的卫星图像上。The marking unit is configured to mark all pixels marked as areas affected by sandstorms on the satellite image of the area to be monitored.
结合第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了第二方面的第一种可能实施方式，其中，所述传感器设有10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR和11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S，所述判定范围包括第一阈值范围；所述卫星遥感数据包括所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的待监测区域的亮温值和所述11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S采集的所述待监测区域的亮温值；In combination with the second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides the first possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein the sensor is provided with a 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR and a 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S, the The determination range includes the first threshold range; the satellite remote sensing data includes the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR and the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S The brightness temperature value of the area;
所述判断单元，具体用于判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值与所述11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S采集的亮温值之差是否位于所述第一阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域。The judging unit is specifically used to judge the brightness temperature value collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR and the brightness temperature collected by the 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S of each pixel in the satellite image Whether the value difference is within the first threshold range, if so, mark the pixel as an area affected by the sandstorm.
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能实施方式，本发明实施例还提供了第二方面的第二种可能实施方式，其中，所述判断单元包括：In combination with the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the judging unit includes:
图像平滑处理子单元，用于将所述卫星图像按照第一规则进行图像平滑处理，生成多个平滑图像，所述第一规则包括以所述卫星图像的像元为中心的邻近的N个像元组成背景图像，将所述背景图像的全部像元的平均值作为所述平滑图像的像元，其中，N大于等于2；An image smoothing processing subunit, configured to perform image smoothing processing on the satellite image according to a first rule to generate a plurality of smoothed images, and the first rule includes adjacent N images centered on the pixel of the satellite image Elements form a background image, and the average value of all pixels of the background image is used as a pixel of the smooth image, wherein, N is greater than or equal to 2;
第一判断子单元，用于判断所述平滑图像的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，将所述平滑图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域；The first judging subunit is used to judge whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel of the smooth image is within the judgment range, and if so, mark the pixel of the smooth image as a sandstorm-affected area;
第二判断子单元，用于判断被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的所述平滑图像的像元对应的所述背景图像的像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，将所述背景图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域。The second judging subunit is used to judge whether the satellite remote sensing data of the pixel of the background image corresponding to the pixel of the smooth image marked as the sandstorm affected area is within the judgment range, and if so, the background The pixels of the image are marked as sandstorm affected areas.
本发明实施例通过静止卫星获取待监测区域的卫星遥感数据，所述卫星遥感数据包括地表温度、云层高度、气压值、红外线温度、可见光强度等，由于沙尘暴这种气象环境有与之对应数值的卫星遥感数据，因此判断所述卫星遥感数据是否位于判定范围内，如果是，则判断此处为沙尘暴影响区域。The embodiment of the present invention obtains the satellite remote sensing data of the area to be monitored through the stationary satellite, and the satellite remote sensing data includes surface temperature, cloud layer height, air pressure value, infrared temperature, visible light intensity, etc., because the meteorological environment such as sandstorm has corresponding values Satellite remote sensing data, so it is judged whether the satellite remote sensing data is within the judgment range, and if so, it is judged that this is the area affected by the sandstorm.
因此，与现有技术的基于极轨卫星的监测，导致只能获取每日一次的监测结果，覆盖范围也有限，不能满足实时预测预警及监管的需求相比，本发明实施例通过所述静止卫星实时监测沙尘暴，范围完全能够覆盖沙尘源地、传输路径以及影响范围，有效提高了现有的基于极轨卫星的沙尘暴监测的实时性和监测范围。Therefore, compared with the existing monitoring based on polar-orbiting satellites, which can only obtain monitoring results once a day, the coverage is also limited, and cannot meet the needs of real-time forecasting, early warning and supervision. The satellite monitors sandstorms in real time, and the scope can completely cover the dust source, transmission path and influence area, which effectively improves the real-time and monitoring scope of the existing sandstorm monitoring based on polar orbiting satellites.
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明实施例了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在所写的说明书、权利要求书、以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。通过附图所示，本发明的上述及其它目的、特征和优势将更加清晰。在全部附图中相同的附图标记指示相同的部分。并未刻意按实际尺寸等比例缩放绘制附图，重点在于示出本发明的主旨。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly illustrated by the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the drawings. The drawings are not intentionally scaled according to the actual size, and the emphasis is on illustrating the gist of the present invention.
图1示出了本发明实施例提供的一种沙尘暴监测方法的实施例的方法流程图；Fig. 1 shows the method flowchart of the embodiment of a kind of sandstorm monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图2示出了本发明实施例提供的另一种沙尘暴监测方法的实施例的方法流程图；Fig. 2 shows the method flowchart of the embodiment of another kind of dust storm monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3示出了本发明实施例提供的一种沙尘暴监测装置的实施例的结构框图；Fig. 3 shows a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a sandstorm monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4示出了本发明实施例提供的另一种沙尘暴监测装置的实施例的结构框图；Fig. 4 shows the structural block diagram of the embodiment of another kind of sandstorm monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图5示出了本发明实施例提供的一种卫星遥感信息处理器的实施例的结构框图。Fig. 5 shows a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a satellite remote sensing information processor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
北京及周边区域处于半干旱半湿润过渡地带，降水稀少，每年或多或少都会受到沙尘天气的影响。但沙尘生消过程往往较短，快则几个小时慢则几天。以往基于极轨卫星的监测，由于极轨卫星每日两次飞越地球表面上的一个点，并且总是在同一个时刻前后，由于夜间缺乏可见光通道，遥感解译结果不理想，只能获取每日一次的监测结果，而且覆盖范围也有限，不能满足实时预测预警及监管的需求。Beijing and its surrounding areas are in a semi-arid and semi-humid transition zone, with little precipitation, and are more or less affected by sand and dust weather every year. However, the process of sand and dust generation and elimination is often short, as fast as a few hours or as slow as a few days. In the past, the monitoring based on polar-orbiting satellites, because the polar-orbiting satellites fly over a point on the earth's surface twice a day, and always around the same time, due to the lack of visible light channels at night, the results of remote sensing interpretation are not ideal, and only every The monitoring results once a day, and the coverage is limited, cannot meet the needs of real-time forecasting, early warning and supervision.
为解决上述缺陷，本发明实施例提供了一种沙尘暴监测方法，应用于沙尘暴监测系统，所述沙尘暴监测系统包括静止卫星和卫星遥感信息处理器，所述卫星遥感信息处理器内预设有判定范围，所述静止卫星搭载有传感器。其中，所述静止卫星是地球同步轨道卫星，在地面看，这种轨道上的卫星好像静止在天空某一固定地方，故又称地球静止卫星，简称静止卫星，可以对某一地区进行连续观测。In order to solve the above defects, the embodiment of the present invention provides a sandstorm monitoring method, which is applied to a sandstorm monitoring system. The sandstorm monitoring system includes a geostationary satellite and a satellite remote sensing information processor, and the satellite remote sensing information processor is preset with a judgment range, the geostationary satellites are equipped with sensors. Wherein, the geostationary satellite is a satellite in geosynchronous orbit. From the ground, the satellite on this orbit seems to be stationary in a fixed place in the sky, so it is also called a geostationary satellite, referred to as a geostationary satellite, and can continuously observe a certain area .
如图1所述的一种沙尘暴监测方法，包括：A kind of sandstorm monitoring method as described in Figure 1, comprises:
S11：获取所述传感器采集的待监测区域的卫星遥感数据；S11: Obtain the satellite remote sensing data of the area to be monitored collected by the sensor;
本发明实施例通过静止卫星获取待监测区域的卫星遥感数据，所述卫星遥感数据包括地表温度、云层高度、气压值、红外线温度、可见光强度等。In the embodiment of the present invention, the satellite remote sensing data of the area to be monitored is acquired through a stationary satellite, and the satellite remote sensing data includes surface temperature, cloud height, air pressure value, infrared temperature, visible light intensity, and the like.
S12：当卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据位于判定范围内时，判定所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域；S12: When the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the determination range, determine that the pixel is an area affected by the sandstorm;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域。The satellite remote sensing information processor determines whether the satellite remote sensing data is within the determination range, and if so, marks the pixel as an area affected by a sandstorm.
由于沙尘暴这种气象环境有与之对应数值的卫星遥感数据，因此判断所述卫星遥感数据是否位于判定范围内，如果是，则判断此处为沙尘暴影响区域。Since the meteorological environment such as sandstorm has satellite remote sensing data corresponding to it, it is judged whether the satellite remote sensing data is within the judgment range, and if so, it is judged that this is the area affected by the sandstorm.
本发明实施例中，所述传感器设有10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR、11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S、3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR、6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W和0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS，所述卫星遥感数据可以包括：所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的待监测区域的亮温值、所述11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S采集的所述待监测区域的亮温值、所述3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR采集的所述待监测区域的亮温值、所述6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W采集的所述待监测区域的亮温值和获取所述0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS采集的所述待监测区域的反照率。In the embodiment of the present invention, the sensor is provided with 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR, 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S, 3.5-4.0 μm mid-infrared channel MIR, 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W and 0.55-0.90 μm Visible light and near-infrared channel VIS, the satellite remote sensing data may include: the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR, the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S The brightness temperature value of the monitoring area, the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 3.5-4.0 μm mid-infrared channel MIR, the brightness temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W and The albedo of the region to be monitored collected by the 0.55-0.90 μm visible light and near-infrared channel VIS is acquired.
本发明实施例中，设有五种判断依据：In the embodiment of the present invention, there are five judgment bases:
第一种，包括第一阈值范围，所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值与所述11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S采集的亮温值之差是否位于所述第一阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域。例如，本发明实施例中，所述第一阈值范围为：小于－0.7℃，即第一种判断标准为IRk－Sk＜－0.7℃，其中，IRk表示第k个像元在10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR的亮温值，Sk表示第k个像元在11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S的亮温值。The first type includes a first threshold range, the satellite remote sensing information processor judges the difference between the brightness temperature value collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR and the brightness temperature value collected by the 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S Whether the difference is within the first threshold range, if so, mark the pixel as an area affected by the sandstorm. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first threshold range is: less than -0.7°C, that is, the first judgment standard is IRk-Sk<-0.7°C, where IRk means that the kth pixel is at 10.3-11.3μm The brightness temperature value of the thermal infrared channel IR, Sk represents the brightness temperature value of the kth pixel in the 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S.
第二种，包括第二阈值范围，所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR采集的亮温值与所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值之差是否位于所述第二阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域。例如，本发明实施例中，所述第二阈值范围为：大于15℃，即第二种判断标准为MIRk－IRk＞15℃，其中，IRk表示第k个像元在10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR的亮温值，MIRk表示第k个像元在3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR的亮温值。The second type includes a second threshold range, the satellite remote sensing information processor judges that the brightness temperature value collected by the 3.5-4.0 μm mid-infrared channel MIR of each pixel in the satellite image is different from the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal Whether the difference between the brightness temperature values collected by the infrared channel IR is within the second threshold range, and if so, mark the pixel as an area affected by the sandstorm. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the second threshold range is: greater than 15°C, that is, the second judgment standard is MIRk-IRk>15°C, where IRk means that the kth pixel is within 10.3-11.3μm thermal infrared The brightness temperature value of the channel IR, MIRk indicates the brightness temperature value of the kth pixel in the mid-infrared channel MIR at 3.5-4.0 μm.
第三种，包括第三阈值范围，所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值与所述6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W采集的亮温值之差是否位于所述第三阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域。例如，本发明实施例中，所述第三阈值范围为：大于10℃。沙尘暴的高度一般小于3000米，6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W采集的数值反映的是600hPa以上的水汽信息，所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的亮温值与所述6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W采集的亮温值之差可以估算出云顶高度，云顶越高，所述红外温度值与所述水汽信息之差的差值越小。则第三种判断标准为IRk－Wk＞10℃，其中，IRk表示第k个像元在10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR的亮温值，Wk表示第k个像元在6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W的亮温值。The third type includes a third threshold range, the satellite remote sensing information processor judges that the brightness temperature value collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR of each pixel in the satellite image is different from the 6.5-7.0 Whether the difference between the brightness temperature values collected by the μm water vapor channel W is within the third threshold range, and if so, mark the pixel as an area affected by the sandstorm. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the third threshold range is: greater than 10°C. The height of sandstorms is generally less than 3000 meters, and the value collected by the 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W reflects the water vapor information above 600 hPa. The difference between the brightness temperature values collected by the channel W can estimate the cloud top height, and the higher the cloud top, the smaller the difference between the infrared temperature value and the water vapor information. Then the third judgment standard is IRk－Wk>10℃, where IRk represents the brightness temperature value of the kth pixel at 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR, Wk represents the kth pixel at 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor Brightness temperature value of channel W.
第四种，包括第四阈值范围，所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的反照率是否位于所述第四阈值范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域。沙尘暴的反照率高于地表，但一般低于云的反照率。沙尘暴0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS的反照率不可能太小，也不可能太大，一般在白天的情况下，所述第四阈值范围为：大于0.1，小于0.3，即第四判断标准为0.1＜VISk＜0.3，其中，VISk表示第k个像元在0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS的反照率。The fourth type includes a fourth threshold range, the satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the albedo of each pixel in the satellite image is within the fourth threshold range, and if so, marks the pixel as a sandstorm affected area. The albedo of dust storms is higher than that of the land surface, but generally lower than that of clouds. The albedo of sandstorm 0.55-0.90μm visible light and near-infrared channel VIS cannot be too small, nor can it be too large. Generally, in the daytime, the fourth threshold range is: greater than 0.1 and less than 0.3, which is the fourth judgment The standard is 0.1<VISk<0.3, where VISk represents the albedo of the kth pixel in the visible light and near-infrared channel VIS at 0.55-0.90 μm.
第五种，沙尘暴区域的温度有较好的局部一致性。将待监测区域按照3×3的尺度窗口像元划分为多个待监测子区域，测定每个待监测子区域的红外温度值，判断各个待监测子区域的红外温度值相差的最大值是否小于3℃，若是，判断所述待监测区域为沙尘暴影响区域。例如ΔIR≤3℃，其中，ΔIR表示所述尺度窗口内各像元在10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR的亮温值之差。Fifth, the temperature in the sandstorm area has better local consistency. Divide the area to be monitored into multiple sub-areas to be monitored according to the scale window pixels of 3×3, measure the infrared temperature value of each sub-area to be monitored, and judge whether the maximum difference between the infrared temperature values of each sub-area to be monitored is less than 3°C, if yes, it is judged that the area to be monitored is the area affected by sandstorm. For example, ΔIR≤3°C, where ΔIR represents the difference in brightness temperature value of each pixel in the scale window in the thermal infrared channel IR at 10.3-11.3 μm.
上述的五种判别方法，使用的方式有很多种，其中，第一种判别方法为最重要的判别方式，是用于判断所述待测区域是否为沙尘暴影响区域的必要条件。There are many ways to use the above five discrimination methods, among which the first discrimination method is the most important discrimination method, which is a necessary condition for judging whether the area to be tested is an area affected by sandstorm.
在第一种判别方式的基础上，可以再选择其他四种判别方式进一步精确测量，例如，满足第一步判别方法的条件下，再判断是否满足其他四种的任一一种，若是，则判定所述待测区域是沙尘暴影响区域。相当于，第一种判别方式是一个初步判断，如果第一种判别方式不满足沙尘暴的条件，则其他四种判别方式不予考虑。On the basis of the first discrimination method, the other four discrimination methods can be selected for further precise measurement. For example, if the condition of the first discrimination method is satisfied, then judge whether any of the other four discrimination methods are satisfied. If so, then It is determined that the area to be measured is an area affected by sandstorms. It is equivalent to that the first discrimination method is a preliminary judgment, if the first discrimination method does not meet the conditions of sandstorm, the other four discrimination methods will not be considered.
因此，可以在满足第一种判别方式的条件下，再判断第二种判别方式或第三种判别方式或第四种判别方式或第五种判别方式是否满足条件；也可以在满足第一种判别方式的条件下，再判断第二种判别方式是否满足条件，若满足，再判断第三种判别方式是否满足条件，依次类推。Therefore, it is possible to judge whether the second discrimination method, the third discrimination method, the fourth discrimination method or the fifth discrimination method satisfies the conditions under the condition of satisfying the first discrimination method; Under the conditions of the discrimination method, judge whether the second discrimination method satisfies the condition, and if so, then judge whether the third discrimination method satisfies the condition, and so on.
因此，本领域技术人员，在阅读本发明实施例的基础上，可以推导出基于上述五种判别方式的多种组合，这均在本发明的保护范围之内，在此不再一一赘述。Therefore, those skilled in the art, on the basis of reading the embodiments of the present invention, can deduce various combinations based on the above five discrimination methods, all of which are within the protection scope of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.
S13：将所有被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的像元标记在所述待监测区域的卫星图像上。S13: Mark all the pixels marked as sandstorm-affected areas on the satellite image of the area to be monitored.
因此，与现有技术的基于极轨卫星的监测，导致只能获取每日一次的监测结果，覆盖范围也有限，不能满足实时预测预警及监管的需求相比，本发明实施例通过所述静止卫星实时监测沙尘暴，范围完全能够覆盖沙尘源地、传输路径以及影响范围，有效提高了现有的基于卫星的沙尘暴监测的实时性和监测范围。Therefore, compared with the existing monitoring based on polar-orbiting satellites, which can only obtain monitoring results once a day, the coverage is also limited, and cannot meet the needs of real-time forecasting, early warning and supervision. The satellite monitors sandstorms in real time, and the scope can fully cover the source, transmission path and influence range of sandstorms, effectively improving the real-time and monitoring scope of existing satellite-based sandstorm monitoring.
如图2所示的另一种沙尘暴监测方法的实施例，应用于沙尘暴监测系统，所述沙尘暴监测系统包括静止卫星和卫星遥感信息处理器，所述卫星遥感信息处理器内预设有判定范围，所述静止卫星搭载有传感器，所述方法包括：The embodiment of another kind of sandstorm monitoring method as shown in Figure 2 is applied to a sandstorm monitoring system, and the sandstorm monitoring system includes a geostationary satellite and a satellite remote sensing information processor, and a judgment range is preset in the satellite remote sensing information processor , the geostationary satellite is equipped with a sensor, and the method includes:
S21：获取所述传感器采集的待监测区域的卫星数据；S21: Obtain satellite data of the area to be monitored collected by the sensor;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器获取所述传感器采集的待监测区域的卫星数据，所述卫星数据包括所述待监测区域的卫星图像和所述待监测区域的卫星遥感数据。The satellite remote sensing information processor acquires the satellite data of the area to be monitored collected by the sensor, and the satellite data includes the satellite image of the area to be monitored and the satellite remote sensing data of the area to be monitored.
本发明实施例中，所述传感器设有10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR、11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S、3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR、6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W和0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS，所述卫星遥感数据可以包括：所述10.3－11.3μm热红外通道IR采集的待监测区域的红外温度值、所述11.5－12.5μm分裂窗通道S采集的所述待监测区域的亮温值、所述3.5－4.0μm中红外通道MIR采集的所述待监测区域的中红外温度值、所述6.5－7.0μm水汽通道W采集的所述待监测区域的水汽信息和获取所述0.55－0.90μm可见光与近红外通道VIS采集的所述待监测区域的反照率。In the embodiment of the present invention, the sensor is provided with 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR, 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S, 3.5-4.0 μm mid-infrared channel MIR, 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W and 0.55-0.90 μm Visible light and near-infrared channel VIS, the satellite remote sensing data may include: the infrared temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 10.3-11.3 μm thermal infrared channel IR, the infrared temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 11.5-12.5 μm split window channel S The brightness temperature value of the monitoring area, the mid-infrared temperature value of the area to be monitored collected by the 3.5-4.0 μm mid-infrared channel MIR, the water vapor information of the area to be monitored collected by the 6.5-7.0 μm water vapor channel W, and The albedo of the region to be monitored collected by the 0.55-0.90 μm visible light and near-infrared channel VIS is acquired.
S22：将所述卫星图像按照第一规则进行图像平滑处理，生成多个平滑图像；S22: Perform image smoothing processing on the satellite image according to the first rule to generate a plurality of smoothed images;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器将所述卫星图像按照第一规则进行图像平滑处理，生成多个平滑图像，所述第一规则包括以所述卫星图像的像元为中心的邻近的N个像元组成背景图像，将所述背景图像的全部像元的平均值作为所述平滑图像的像元，其中，N大于等于2。The satellite remote sensing information processor performs image smoothing processing on the satellite image according to a first rule to generate a plurality of smooth images, and the first rule includes adjacent N pixels centered on the pixel of the satellite image A background image is formed, and an average value of all pixels of the background image is used as a pixel of the smooth image, wherein, N is greater than or equal to 2.
例如，本发明实施例中，取N等于24，即对所述卫星图像进行5×5区域图像平滑处理，生成像元宽度和高度变为原来1/5的新的平滑图像。例如以宽度为5个像元点，高度为5个像元点作为一个窗口，选取所述卫星图像的25个像元点，这25个像元点作为背景图像，求出所述背景图像的平均像元值作为所述平滑图像的像元，因此每个平滑图像的像元对应一个5×5的背景图像的像元。For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, N is set to be equal to 24, that is, a 5×5 area image smoothing process is performed on the satellite image to generate a new smooth image whose pixel width and height become 1/5 of the original one. For example, be 5 pixel points with width, height is 5 pixel points as a window, choose 25 pixel points of described satellite image, these 25 pixel points are as background image, obtain the described background image The average pixel value is used as the pixel of the smoothed image, so each pixel of the smoothed image corresponds to a 5×5 pixel of the background image.
S23：所述平滑图像的每个像元的卫星遥感数据位于所述判定范围内时，将所述平滑图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域；S23: When the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel of the smoothed image is within the determination range, mark the pixel of the smoothed image as a sandstorm-affected area;
所述卫星遥感信息处理器判断所述平滑图像的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，将所述平滑图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域。具体的判断方式可以采用图1所述的S12步骤所记载的方法。The satellite remote sensing information processor judges whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel of the smooth image is within the determination range, and if so, marks the pixel of the smooth image as a sandstorm-affected area. A specific way of judging may be the method described in step S12 in FIG. 1 .
S24：当被标记为沙尘暴发生地的所述平滑图像的像元对应的所述背景图像的像元的卫星遥感数据位于所述判定范围内时，将所述背景图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域；S24: When the satellite remote sensing data of the pixel of the background image corresponding to the pixel of the smooth image marked as the place where the sandstorm occurs is within the determination range, mark the pixel of the background image as affected by the sandstorm area;
判断被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的所述平滑图像的像元对应的所述背景图像的像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，将所述背景图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域。具体的判断方式可以采用图1所述的S12步骤所记载的方法。Judging whether the satellite remote sensing data of the pixel of the background image corresponding to the pixel of the smooth image marked as the sandstorm-affected area is within the determination range, if so, marking the pixel of the background image as sandstorm-affected area. A specific way of judging may be the method described in step S12 in FIG. 1 .
例如，在所述卫星图像找到与被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的所述平滑图像的像元对应的5×5区域的背景图像，对找到的5×5区域的背景图像的每个像元进行判定，并把符合判定规则的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域。For example, a background image of a 5×5 area corresponding to a pixel of the smooth image marked as a sandstorm-affected area is found in the satellite image, and each pixel of the background image of the found 5×5 area is determined , and mark the pixels that meet the judgment rules as the sandstorm-affected area.
S25：将所有被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的像元标记在所述待监测区域的卫星图像上；S25: Mark all the pixels marked as the area affected by the sandstorm on the satellite image of the area to be monitored;
在所述卫星图像上，将被判定为沙尘暴影响区域的像元标记为红色或其他的颜色，用于标注。On the satellite image, the pixel determined to be the area affected by the sandstorm is marked in red or other colors for marking.
因此，与现有技术的基于极轨卫星的监测，导致只能获取每日一次的监测结果，覆盖范围也有限，不能满足实时预测预警及监管的需求相比，本发明实施例通过所述静止卫星实时监测沙尘暴，范围完全能够覆盖沙尘源地、传输路径以及影响范围，有效提高了现有的基于卫星的沙尘暴监测的实时性和监测范围。Therefore, compared with the existing monitoring based on polar-orbiting satellites, which can only obtain monitoring results once a day, the coverage is also limited, and cannot meet the needs of real-time forecasting, early warning and supervision. The satellite monitors sandstorms in real time, and the scope can fully cover the source, transmission path and influence range of sandstorms, effectively improving the real-time and monitoring scope of existing satellite-based sandstorm monitoring.
另外，本发明实施例通过所述S23步骤，对所述卫星图像的沙尘暴的监测进行一个初步判断，再通过所述S24步骤，进行一个详细判断。通过初步判断可以在短时间内，迅速判断所述待监测区域是否为沙尘暴影响区域，通过详细判断，可以精确判断在沙尘暴影响区域的精确的沙尘暴的发生位置。In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, a preliminary judgment is made on the monitoring of the sandstorm in the satellite image through the step S23, and then a detailed judgment is made through the step S24. Through the preliminary judgment, it is possible to quickly judge whether the area to be monitored is a sandstorm-affected area in a short period of time, and through detailed judgment, it is possible to accurately judge the exact occurrence location of the sandstorm in the sandstorm-affected area.
再者，通过本发明的五种判断方式，能够提高沙尘暴检测的精确度。并且，图1和图2所示的沙尘暴监测方法可以适用于极轨卫星、静止卫星等所有具有图像采集和搭载有传感器的卫星。Furthermore, through the five judgment methods of the present invention, the accuracy of sandstorm detection can be improved. Moreover, the sandstorm monitoring method shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can be applied to all satellites with image acquisition and equipped with sensors, such as polar orbiting satellites and geostationary satellites.
如图3所示的一种沙尘暴监测装置，应用于沙尘暴监测系统，所述沙尘暴监测系统包括静止卫星和卫星遥感信息处理器，所述卫星遥感信息处理器包括所述沙尘暴监测装置，所述卫星遥感信息处理器内预设有判定范围，所述静止卫星搭载有传感器304，所述沙尘暴监测装置包括：A kind of sandstorm monitoring device as shown in Figure 3, is applied to sandstorm monitoring system, described sandstorm monitoring system comprises geostationary satellite and satellite remote sensing information processor, and described satellite remote sensing information processor comprises described sandstorm monitoring device, and described satellite The range of determination is preset in the remote sensing information processor, the geostationary satellite is equipped with a sensor 304, and the sandstorm monitoring device includes:
获取单元301，用于获取所述传感器304采集的待监测区域的卫星遥感数据；An acquisition unit 301, configured to acquire the satellite remote sensing data of the area to be monitored collected by the sensor 304;
判断单元302，用于判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域；A judging unit 302, configured to judge whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the judgment range, and if so, mark the pixel as an area affected by a sandstorm;
标记单元303，用于将所有被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的像元标记在所述待监测区域的卫星图像上。The marking unit 303 is configured to mark all pixels marked as areas affected by sandstorms on the satellite image of the area to be monitored.
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
如图4所示的另一种沙尘暴监测装置，应用于沙尘暴监测系统，所述沙尘暴监测系统包括静止卫星和卫星遥感信息处理器，所述卫星遥感信息处理器包括所述沙尘暴监测装置，所述卫星遥感信息处理器内预设有判定范围，所述静止卫星搭载有传感器404，所述沙尘暴监测装置包括：Another kind of sandstorm monitoring device as shown in Figure 4, is applied to sandstorm monitoring system, described sandstorm monitoring system comprises geostationary satellite and satellite remote sensing information processor, and described satellite remote sensing information processor comprises described sandstorm monitoring device, described The judgment range is preset in the satellite remote sensing information processor, the geostationary satellite is equipped with a sensor 404, and the sandstorm monitoring device includes:
获取单元401，用于获取所述传感器304采集的待监测区域的卫星遥感数据；An acquisition unit 401, configured to acquire the satellite remote sensing data of the area to be monitored collected by the sensor 304;
判断单元402，用于判断所述卫星图像中的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，标记所述像元为沙尘暴影响区域；A judging unit 402, configured to judge whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel in the satellite image is within the judgment range, and if so, mark the pixel as an area affected by a sandstorm;
标记单元403，用于将所有被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的像元标记在所述待监测区域的卫星图像上。The marking unit 403 is configured to mark all the pixels marked as sandstorm-affected areas on the satellite image of the area to be monitored.
另外，所述判断单元402包括：In addition, the judging unit 402 includes:
图像平滑处理子单元4021，用于将所述卫星图像按照第一规则进行图像平滑处理，生成多个平滑图像，所述第一规则包括以所述卫星图像的像元为中心的邻近的N个像元组成背景图像，将所述背景图像的全部像元的平均值作为所述平滑图像的像元，其中，N大于等于2；The image smoothing processing subunit 4021 is configured to perform image smoothing processing on the satellite image according to a first rule to generate a plurality of smoothed images, and the first rule includes adjacent N pixels centered on the pixel of the satellite image The pixels form a background image, and the average value of all the pixels of the background image is used as the pixel of the smooth image, wherein N is greater than or equal to 2;
其中，所述图像平滑处理子单元对对图像进行M×M区域平滑，生成宽度和高度都变成原来图像的1/M的新的平滑图像。Wherein, the image smoothing processing subunit performs M×M area smoothing on the image to generate a new smooth image whose width and height become 1/M of the original image.
第一判断子单元4022，用于判断所述平滑图像的每个像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，将所述平滑图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域；The first judging subunit 4022 is used to judge whether the satellite remote sensing data of each pixel of the smooth image is within the judgment range, and if so, mark the pixel of the smooth image as a sandstorm-affected area;
第二判断子单元4023，用于判断被标记为沙尘暴影响区域的所述平滑图像的像元对应的所述背景图像的像元的卫星遥感数据是否位于所述判定范围内，若是，将所述背景图像的像元标记为沙尘暴影响区域。The second judging subunit 4023 is used to judge whether the satellite remote sensing data of the pixel of the background image corresponding to the pixel of the smooth image marked as the sandstorm affected area is within the judgment range, and if so, the The pixels of the background image are marked as sandstorm affected areas.
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
参见图5，本发明实施例还提供一种卫星遥感信息处理器500，包括：处理器504，存储器501，总线502和通信接口503，所述处理器404、通信接口503和存储器501通过总线502连接；处理器504用于执行存储器501中存储的可执行模块，例如计算机程序。Referring to Fig. 5, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a satellite remote sensing information processor 500, including: a processor 504, a memory 501, a bus 502 and a communication interface 503, and the processor 404, the communication interface 503 and the memory 501 pass through the bus 502 Connection; the processor 504 is used to execute executable modules stored in the memory 501, such as computer programs.
其中，存储器501可能包含高速随机存取存储器(RAM：Random Access Memory)，也可能还包括非不稳定的存储器(non－volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。通过至少一个通信接口503(可以是有线或者无线)实现该系统网元与至少一个其他网元之间的通信连接，可以使用互联网，广域网，本地网，城域网等。Wherein, the memory 501 may include a high-speed random access memory (RAM: Random Access Memory), and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory. The communication connection between the system network element and at least one other network element is realized through at least one communication interface 503 (which may be wired or wireless), and the Internet, wide area network, local network, metropolitan area network, etc. can be used.
总线502可以是ISA总线、PCI总线或EISA总线等。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图5中仅用一个双向箭头表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。The bus 502 may be an ISA bus, a PCI bus, or an EISA bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on. For ease of representation, only one double-headed arrow is used in FIG. 5 , but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
其中，存储器501用于存储程序，所述处理器504在接收到执行指令后，执行所述程序，前述本发明实施例任一实施例揭示的流程定义的装置所执行的方法可以应用于处理器504中，或者由处理器504实现。Wherein, the memory 501 is used to store a program, and the processor 504 executes the program after receiving an execution instruction, and the method performed by the apparatus for process definition disclosed in any embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the processor 504, or implemented by the processor 504.
处理器504可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器504中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器404可以是通用处理器，包括中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，简称CPU)、网络处理器(Network Processor，简称NP)等；还可以是数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器501，处理器504读取存储器501中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。The processor 504 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 504 or instructions in the form of software. The above-mentioned processor 404 can be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, referred to as CPU), a network processor (Network Processor, referred to as NP), etc.; it can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. Various methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or executed. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, register. The storage medium is located in the memory 501, and the processor 504 reads the information in the memory 501, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
另外，附图中的流程图和框图显示了根据本发明的多个实施例的系统、方法和计算机程序产品的可能实现的体系架构、功能和操作。在这点上，流程图或框图中的每个方框可以代表一个模块、程序段或代码的一部分，所述模块、程序段或代码的一部分包含一个或多个用于实现规定的逻辑功能的可执行指令。也应当注意，在有些作为替换的实现中，方框中所标注的功能也可以以不同于附图中所标注的顺序发生。例如，两个连续的方框实际上可以基本并行地执行，它们有时也可以按相反的顺序执行，这依所涉及的功能而定。也要注意的是，框图和/或流程图中的每个方框、以及框图和/或流程图中的方框的组合，可以用执行规定的功能或动作的专用的基于硬件的系统来实现，或者可以用专用硬件与计算机指令的组合来实现。In addition, the flowchart and block diagrams in the figures show the architecture, functionality and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, program segment, or part of code that includes one or more Executable instructions. It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It should also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action , or may be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.
本发明实施例所提供的进行一种信息交互方法的计算机程序产品，包括存储了程序代码的计算机可读存储介质，所述程序代码包括的指令可用于执行前面方法实施例中所述的方法，具体实现可参见方法实施例，在此不再赘述。The computer program product for performing an information interaction method provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes a computer-readable storage medium storing program codes, and the instructions included in the program codes can be used to execute the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments, For specific implementation, reference may be made to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，又例如，多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些通信接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some communication interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read－Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the functions described above are realized in the form of software function units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the essence of the technical solution of the present invention or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes. .
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. any such actual relationship or order exists between them. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510161856.1ACN104730598B (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | A sandstorm monitoring method and device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510161856.1ACN104730598B (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | A sandstorm monitoring method and device |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104730598A CN104730598A (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| CN104730598Btrue CN104730598B (en) | 2017-06-27 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510161856.1AActiveCN104730598B (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | A sandstorm monitoring method and device |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104730598B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106454241B (en)* | 2016-10-13 | 2020-02-21 | 北京师范大学 | A method for determining the source of haze based on surveillance video and social network data |
| CN106951702A (en)* | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-14 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A kind of sandstorm data analysing method based on data mining |
| CN108509851B (en)* | 2018-03-01 | 2019-04-26 | 江苏华高软件技术有限公司 | Weather danger alarm platform based on image analysis |
| CN109101863A (en)* | 2018-03-01 | 2018-12-28 | 曹婷 | Weather danger alarm method based on image analysis |
| CN108540738B (en)* | 2018-03-19 | 2019-02-15 | 深圳耀德数据服务有限公司 | Cloud computing positioning system |
| CN108960027B (en)* | 2018-03-19 | 2019-05-28 | 湖南天云软件技术有限公司 | Cloud computing positioning method |
| CN108537204A (en)* | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-14 | 广州林邦信息科技有限公司 | Mankind's activity monitoring method, device and server |
| CN109782373B (en)* | 2018-12-14 | 2020-04-21 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A Sandstorm Prediction Method Based on Improved Naive Bayesian-CNN Multi-Object Classification Algorithm |
| CN111127515B (en)* | 2019-12-17 | 2024-03-22 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method and system for predicting sand and dust moving path and electronic equipment |
| CN111723753B (en)* | 2020-06-23 | 2023-07-11 | 深圳航天宏图信息技术有限公司 | Method and device for removing stripes of satellite remote sensing image and electronic equipment |
| CN111912819B (en)* | 2020-07-15 | 2023-11-07 | 北京华云星地通科技有限公司 | Ecological detection method based on satellite data |
| CN113989644B (en)* | 2021-11-03 | 2022-08-19 | 中科三清科技有限公司 | Sand and dust area acquisition method based on Himapari-8 data |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104280324A (en)* | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-14 | 北京市环境保护监测中心 | Method for monitoring mass concentration of near-surface fine particulate matter by satellite remote sensing |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104280324A (en)* | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-14 | 北京市环境保护监测中心 | Method for monitoring mass concentration of near-surface fine particulate matter by satellite remote sensing |
| Title |
|---|
| GMS卫星监测沙尘暴自动化模式之建立;刘振荣等;《干旱区资源与环境》;20040331;第18卷(第1期);全文* |
| Ientification and physical retrieval of dust storm using three MODIS thermal IR chanels;Peng Zhang等;《Global and Planetary change》;20061231;第52卷;全文* |
| 利用静止气象卫星数据提取沙尘信息;周纪等;《中国矿业大学学报》;20090930;第38卷(第5期);全文* |
| 利用静止气象卫星红外通道遥感监测中国沙尘暴;胡秀清等;《应用气象学报》;20070131;第18卷(第3期);正文第267页第1段、第269-270页第3节检测个例分析及附图6* |
| 宁夏区域性强沙尘暴卫星遥感监测系统;赵光平等;《中国沙漠》;20041130;第24卷(第11期);正文第713-714页第5节沙尘暴监测业务系统及附图1* |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104730598A (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104730598B (en) | A sandstorm monitoring method and device | |
| Bhattacharya et al. | High Mountain Asian glacier response to climate revealed by multi-temporal satellite observations since the 1960s | |
| Liu et al. | Quantifying spatial–temporal pattern of urban heat island in Beijing: An improved assessment using land surface temperature (LST) time series observations from LANDSAT, MODIS, and Chinese new satellite GaoFen-1 | |
| Padmanaban et al. | Satellite image fusion to detect changing surface permeability and emerging urban heat islands in a fast-growing city | |
| Leinenkugel et al. | Comparison and enhancement of MODIS cloud mask products for Southeast Asia | |
| US12198197B2 (en) | Systems and methods for predictive modeling via simulation | |
| WO2018137103A1 (en) | Basin pollution detection method and system based on multi-source remote sensing data | |
| Tehrany et al. | Remote sensing data reveals eco-environmental changes in urban areas of Klang Valley, Malaysia: contribution from object based analysis | |
| CN106023177A (en) | Thunderstorm cloud cluster identification method and system for meteorological satellite cloud picture | |
| CN103530499A (en) | Method for building mountainous area surface temperature base line and application | |
| CN107368617B (en) | Ground-air detection infrared imaging system action distance calculation method based on Lowtran7 atmospheric software | |
| Pour et al. | Airborne thermal remote sensing: The case of the city of Olomouc, Czech Republic | |
| CN111191673A (en) | Ground surface temperature downscaling method and system | |
| CN104484576B (en) | A kind of method for monitoring meteorological drought | |
| CN116911495A (en) | Method, device, computing equipment and storage medium for determining grazing intensity | |
| Aggarwal et al. | Urban flood hazard mapping using change detection on wetness transformed images | |
| CN107576399A (en) | Towards bright the temperature Forecasting Methodology and system of MODIS forest fire detections | |
| Hadri et al. | Utility of satellite-based precipitation products for drought monitoring over Morocco | |
| CN113011368A (en) | Mine mining surface conduction goaf crack identification method and electronic equipment | |
| Borde et al. | Impact of wind guess on the tracking of atmospheric motion vectors | |
| Tang et al. | A geometric location matching method for validation of satellite products: a case study for albedo | |
| Liu et al. | A satellite-derived typhoon intensity index using a deviation angle technique | |
| CN104282044A (en) | Cirrus cloud infrared image simulation method and system based on weather satellite data product | |
| CN103995302B (en) | An Effective Method of Cirrus Cloud Monitoring | |
| WO2023175734A1 (en) | Water vapor observation method |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |