A kind of high-temperature plasma refuse gasification pyrolyzerTechnical field
The invention belongs to refuse treatment plant, be specifically related to a kind of high-temperature plasma refuse gasification pyrolyzer.
Background technology
China's population more than 1,300,000,000, Municipal Garbage Yield 520,000 tons/day, per capital production 1.02 kg/day, there is garbage-surrounded city phenomenon in each large, medium and small city all to some extent.Current process municipal wastes remains based on sanitary landfill, and compost and burning are auxiliary, and landfill and compost need to take a large amount of soil and space, pollutes local environment and underground water simultaneously, is acknowledged as the last selection of refuse treatment.And waste incineration can realize minimizing and innoxious process to a certain extent, then suffer the query of the public due to its potential secondary pollution (as produced Dioxins, heavy metal).
US Westinghouse company just started as Nasa builds plasmatorch, for the test of sheating material at 5500 DEG C of the aviation airship in Apollo space program as far back as the sixties in 20th century.At the end of the nineties, the plasma gasification project of first pilot scale is built up in Japan, is mainly used in domestic refuse, sewage sludge, and the residue after junked-auto pulverizing changes into new forms of energy.
In the last few years, some companies (as AlterNRG company) actively pushed forward the plasma body refuse treatment project of building commercial scale on Chinese Shanghai, Wuhan, Guizhou and other places, and Shanghai, Wuhan refuse treatment project have been in debugging construction.
Later stage eighties China's introduction of foreign technology has carried out some plasma research trials.Along with constantly development and improvement, current domestic plasma ignition device is all utilize galvanic current contacting ignition arc under the condition of air dielectric air pressure 0.005 ~ 0.02MPa substantially, the direct current air plasma body of below 350kW is obtained under high-intensity magnetic field controls, plasma body is along with the difference of power, the core temperature formed after electric arc is also had nothing in common with each other, 350kW power can produce the local center high-temperature zone of T > 5500 DEG C, thermograde progressively weakens from inside to outside, arc length reaches 400mm most, be mainly used in power boiler breeze igniting, updated by businessman and optimize the igniting of plasma body coal dust technically, performance reaches maturity state substantially.But be applied to domestic temporary nothing in refuse gasification cracking furnace and technique thereof.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides one plasma generator height heat density and high-temperature electric arc and refuse gasification cracking is produced synthetic gas, heat energy, steam-electric power etc. are provided, refine multiple can the gentle body of fuel oil, the lime-ash of discharge forms a kind of refuse gasification pyrolyzer of glassy product.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, provided by the invention it comprises housing, furnace body, is located at the feeding system of furnace body side, is located at the blanking system of furnace body bottom and is located at the air outlet of furnace body side; Described furnace body lower end is provided with one group of plasma generator, be located at ion generator upper end and the one group swivel nozzle (3) in a certain angle with furnace body central vertical line, one group of temperature thermo-coupler and oxygen amount detector (19) is respectively equipped with outside furnace body, described housing is communicated with temperature thermo-coupler, oxygen amount detector, plasma generator, blanking system and swivel nozzle respectively, and housing controls swivel nozzle and plasma generator by internal processes.The internal processes of described housing is:
1) minimum temperature receiving temperature thermo-coupler III when housing is detected as≤and 1500 DEG C, open all plasma generators, when temperature is 1600 DEG C, to stop transport a plasma generator, when temperature is 1650 DEG C, to stop transport two plasma generators, cut off a plasma generator every 50 DEG C, the like;
2) housing is according to oxygen level threshold in incineration firing kind setting stove in stove, when oxygen level in stove is higher than this threshold, reduces churning unrounded number or reduces whirlwind nozzle input terminus pressure;
3) housing sets slag valve blanking load-bearing threshold, start fall slag valve I time, waste residue is just fallen on slag valve II, the slag valve II that now falls is in closing condition, when the slag valve II that falls reaches setting load-bearing threshold, the slag valve I that falls restarts the slag valve II that falls after closing, and waste residue drops out, and do not fall slag twice valve place closing condition.
Further, described plasma generator can install 2 or multiple, forms symmetrical structure when installing 2, forms that uniform setting angle is inclined upwardly to the heart injection structure during multiple installation, and plasma arc flare can based on close.Because temperature distribution in vapourizing furnace is different, organic waste enters vapourizing furnace and gasifies at material blanking tube annex, the rubbish of more difficult gasification in dropping process along with temperature rise gasification, the rubbish of corresponding more difficult gasification is as iron filings, glass etc., drop into the situation gasified cracking of high-temperature zone in anoxic, to the last burn molten molten.
Further, described whirlwind nozzle can install 4,6 or more, forms uniform form one group, not just to body of heater center during installation, at a certain angle with body of heater center, upwards tilts to some extent simultaneously.Air wind enters burner hearth and forms one group and to be inclined upwardly and around the Whirl deposite tank of central rotation.One is to oxygenating in refuse gasification process, and gasification cracking produces CO and H2, and two is allow the rubbish fallen form eddy flow state, and light refuse forms suspension, reduces rubbish lowering speed.
Further, described feeding system comprises rubbish feed bin, the tremie pipe be connected with rubbish feed bin, is located at feeding machine between rubbish feed bin and tremie pipe, blind flange is located at tremie pipe end, tremie pipe and have certain gradient.Control feed through pulverizing dried rubbish by feeding machine, rubbish drops in stove through slope after falling tremie pipe.Blind flange seals, and takes blind flange inspection gallery road capable of washing during blowing out apart.
Further, the blind plate thin aluminum sheet of described explosive door makes, in order to avoid vapourizing furnace boosting discharges suddenly nowhere play pressure release safety effect, explosive door can be opened when blowing out, can do manhole use, facilitates vapourizing furnace to overhaul.
Further, described temperature thermo-coupler I, temperature thermo-coupler II, temperature thermo-coupler II are used for detecting each section of temperature in stove respectively, control in-furnace temperature, require to increase or to reduce according to design temperature the quantity that plasma devotes oneself to work.Further, described blanking system comprises falling cinder notch and is located at the slag valve I and the slag valve II that falls that falls of cinder notch respectively, and when needing deslagging, the twice slag door that falls alternately is opened, and has one to locate closing condition all the time and keep sealing in the slag process that falls.
Further, a thermometer and tensimeter is respectively equipped with outside described furnace body.
Further, described furnace body is provided with a converter body support pin.
Further, in described furnace body, outside scribbles one deck refractory materials.
In the present invention, high-temperature plasma carries out gasification cracking to rubbish, extracts callable article and the simple carbon back of conversion and the synthetic gas of hydrogen from rubbish, also can participate in burning directly or for refining into more high-grade fuels and chemicals.The synthetic gas that gasification cracking furnace is discharged can receive through overcooling and store, hotblast stove can be participated in directly, steam boiler burning provides hot blast, produces steam or generating etc., also can be used to refine the chemical such as inflammable gas, ethanol, propyl alcohol, diesel oil, heavy oil, a kind of glassy mass after the lime-ash cooling that the slag door row that falls goes out, due to its structure closely, be suitable as very much material of construction and fire-retardant material uses.Utilizing plasma gasification technology municipal solid wastes to be converted into the energy is a new technology, has very large potentiality.
Beneficial effect: the present invention has the following advantages in terms of existing technologies:
The present invention adopts high-temperature plasma physical efficiency to send the arc temperature being greater than 5500 DEG C, utilize plasma generator height heat density and high-temperature electric arc heating and gasifying pyrolyzer to more than 1500 DEG C, even refuse gasification cracking is produced synthetic gas by higher temperature, heat energy is provided, refining multiple fuel and inflammable gas, be adapted to any solid waste rubbish, as plastic waste, scrap tire rubber, scrap metal part, glass cullet, the process of the hazardous substance such as Biohazard Waste, the lime-ash discharged forms a kind of glassy product, realize real rubbish processing to be harmless, Wu dioxin, the toxic substances such as heavy metal produce.The synthetic gas that all refuse gasification cracking produce is discharged from air outlet, can receive through overcooling and store, hotblast stove can be participated in directly, steam boiler burning provides hot blast, produces steam or generating etc., also can be used to refine the chemical such as inflammable gas, ethanol, propyl alcohol, diesel oil, heavy oil.A kind of glassy mass after the lime-ash cooling gone out from the slag door row that falls, by other technique separable go out noble metal material, its lime-ash, due to its full texture structure, is suitable as material of construction and uses very much.The present invention has great economy social value in eco-friendly power source etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the 150KW plasma arc size hygrogram in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that in the present invention, gasifier temperature controls sketch.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention declines slag valve steering logic figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high-temperature plasma refuse gasification pyrolyzer, comprise housing, furnace body 2, be located at furnace body 2 side feeding system, be located at the blanking system of furnace body bottom and be located at the air outlet 7 of furnace body side; Described furnace body lower end is provided with one group of plasma generator 4, is located at ion generator 4 upper end and the one group swivel nozzle 3 in a certain angle with furnace body central vertical line, is respectively equipped with one group of temperature thermo-coupler and oxygen amount detector 19 outside furnace body.Described housing is communicated with temperature thermo-coupler, oxygen amount detector 19, plasma generator 4, blanking system and swivel nozzle 3 respectively, and housing controls swivel nozzle 3 and plasma generator 4 by internal processes.
The parts rubbish feed bin 1 of feeding system, tremie pipe 5, feeding machine 6, blind flange 18 connect as a whole, rubbish feed bin 1 is higher than cracking furnace, feeding machine 6 connects rubbish feed bin 1 and tremie pipe 5, tremie pipe 5 tilts to be connected to furnace body 2 top, upper described connection adopts steel plate, pipeline welding mode, blind flange 18 is connected to tremie pipe 5 left side, and mode of connection adopts blind flange intermediate cryptographic packing mode of connection, and tremie pipe 5 material adopts heat-resistance stainless steel to make.
Plasma generator 4 is arranged on furnace body bottom, forms symmetrical structure when installing two, forms that uniform setting angle is inclined upwardly to the heart injection structure when installing multiple, and plasma arc flare can based on close.
Whirlwind nozzle 3 is arranged on furnace body bottom a little more than ion generator 4, and its quantity can install 4,6 or more according to plasma generator 4 quantity and power, forms uniform state one group.Not just to furnace body (2) center during installation, at a certain angle with furnace body 2 center, upwards tilt to some extent simultaneously.
Blanking system is made up of the slag valve I9 that falls, the slag valve II17 that falls, the cinder notch 10 that falls, and is connected to the bottommost of furnace body 2.Air outlet 7 is connected to furnace body 2 right-hand member topmost.As shown in Figure 4, when startup falls slag valve I, waste residue is just fallen on slag valve II, and the slag valve II that now falls is in closing condition, and when needing waste residue to discharge, the slag valve I that falls restarts the slag valve II that falls after closing, and waste residue drops out.Do not fall slag twice valve place closing condition.
Explosive door 8 is arranged on the top highest point of furnace body 2, similar blind flange structure, and explosion plate thin aluminum sheet makes, in order to avoid vapourizing furnace boosting discharges suddenly nowhere play pressure release safety effect.
Thermometer 12, tensimeter 13 are installed on the top of furnace body 2, detection display in-furnace temperature and pressure.
Temperature thermo-coupler I14 is installed on the top of furnace body 2, and temperature thermo-coupler II15 is installed on the middle part of furnace body 2, and temperature thermo-coupler III16 is installed on the bottom of furnace body 2 near plasma body place, detects each hierarchy temperatures in stove gasification cracking portion respectively.As shown in Figure 3, because minimum gasification temperature >=1500 DEG C of hypomere in stove will be ensured, could all refuse gasifications, thus the control of in-furnace temperature control with temperature thermo-coupler III, when the temperature is low≤1500 DEG C, all plasmas put into operation heating and gasifying stove until temperature reach 1500 DEG C require after drop into refuse gasification, when temperature >=1600 DEG C, to stop transport No. 1 plasma, as temperature continue to rise >=1650 DEG C time, No. 2 plasmas of stopping transport, when temperature >=1700 DEG C, No. 3 plasmas of stopping transport (this sentences 4 plasmas is that example illustrates).According to treating refuse amount, select and set the plasma quantity needing to drop into.
Oxygen amount detector 19 is used for detecting oxygen level in stove, because of oxygen amount in stove can not affluence can only anoxic condition, guarantee the not burned and only generating gasification of rubbish.Such as control oxygen coefficient 0.8, carry out test and monitoring by oxygen amount detector, as oxygen amount is higher, whirlwind nozzle 3 input quantity can be controlled or reduce whirlwind nozzle input terminus pressure etc.These controlling functions add solenoid and relief valve etc. in whirlwind nozzle upstream just can be accomplished easily.Do not describe in detail herein.
Converter body support pin 20 welds with furnace body 2 and plays a supportive role.
As shown in Figure 2,150KW plasma arc size hygrogram, plasma body is along with the difference of power, the core temperature formed after electric arc is also had nothing in common with each other, 350kW power can produce the local center high-temperature zone of T > 5500 DEG C, thermograde progressively weakens from inside to outside, and arc length reaches 400mm most, maximum at temperature 2000 DEG C of annex arc diameters.
The present invention adopts high-temperature plasma physical efficiency to send the arc temperature being greater than 5500 DEG C, utilize plasma generator height heat density and high-temperature electric arc heating and gasifying pyrolyzer to more than 1500 DEG C, even refuse gasification cracking is produced synthetic gas by higher temperature, heat energy is provided, refining multiple fuel and inflammable gas, be adapted to any solid waste rubbish, as the process of the hazardous substance such as plastic waste, scrap tire rubber, scrap metal part, glass cullet, Biohazard Waste, the lime-ash discharged forms a kind of glassy product, realizes real rubbish processing to be harmless.
The synthetic gas that all refuse gasification cracking produce is discharged from air outlet, can receive through overcooling and store, hotblast stove can be participated in directly, steam boiler burning provides hot blast, produces steam or generating etc., also can be used to refine the chemical such as inflammable gas, ethanol, propyl alcohol, diesel oil, heavy oil.
A kind of glassy mass after the lime-ash cooling gone out from the slag door row that falls, by other technique separable go out noble metal material, its lime-ash, due to its full texture structure, is suitable as material of construction and fire-retardant material uses very much.Realize real rubbish processing to be harmless, produce Wu the toxic substance such as dioxin, heavy metal.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.