Background technology
At present, microscopical means of illumination kind can divide " transmission-type illumination " and " falling to penetrating formula illumination " two large classes.The former is applicable to transparent or semitransparent sample, and latter is applicable to nontransparent sample.
Dark ground microscope is the principle utilizing dindar optical effect.When Ray Of Light is through colloid, can observe from the vertical direction of incident light " path " that colloid, appearance one is bright, this phenomenon, Tyndall phenomenon, is also Tyndall effect.
In flat No. 4-318804 of open patent, describe a kind of transmission illumination device carrying out the stereomicroscope of deflection illumination, the light beam sent from light source is irradiated to catoptron through collector lens, frosted glass, catoptron by light reflection on another collector lens, the sample be positioned on glass table plate is mapped to by the illumination of collector lens, and then light enters in object lens, by adjusting the angle of rotating mirror, the dark portion of the pupil of left and right object lens and the ratio in bright portion can be changed.
In real public clear No. 41-5808 of patent, describe a kind of transmission illumination device carrying out the stereomicroscope of deflection illumination and dark field illumination.The light that light source sends is irradiated on catoptron through collector lens, frosted glass, catoptron by light reflection on another collector lens, the sample be positioned on glass table plate is mapped to by the illumination of collector lens, and then light enters in object lens, the blade cutting off light beam is had additional at the annex of the frosted glass of the position of the pupil conjugation of object lens configuration, by adjusting the upper-lower position of the conjugate image of the pupil of blade and object lens, changeable deflection illumination and dark field illumination.
As above, described in two patents, the lighting device obtained with said method, when applying to stereomicroscope observation sample, multiplying power has high to Low, and field range also has little of large change, when low power is observed, good contrast cannot be obtained, greatly reduce sample image quality.Meanwhile, in order to increase field range, require that catoptron also must increase simultaneously, cause the substructure height of this illuminator to increase like this, sample face is just elevated.The development trend requirement of current stereomicroscope, visual field is as far as possible large, and sample is as far as possible low, and this device can not meet microscopical demand for development.
Real public clear No. 45-1105 of patent, describe a kind of lighting device carrying out bright field and dark field.This light source is placed in immediately below object lens and sample, and when bright field illumination, open the shadow shield directly over light source, from the light that light source sends, direct irradiation is on sample.When dark field illumination, close the shadow shield directly over light source, block direct light and be irradiated to sample, light reflects through reflector, and reflected light oblique illumination, on sample, forms dark ground illumination.
As mentioned above, the lighting device obtained with said method, because light source is placed in immediately below object lens and sample, when dark field illumination, some light is blocked and is not utilized, and part oblique ray is irradiated on reflector, reduces brightness of illumination, simultaneously because light path is short, when bright field illumination, if need to obtain uniform field range, need to arrange the opticses such as light filter above light source, the structure of such base increases with regard to corresponding meeting, raises sample placed side.
In patent CN1145820C, as described a kind of transmission illuminator for microscopes in claim 14.Observe as bright field, after the light that light source penetrates forms parallel beam roughly by condenser, be partial to by deflection parts (deflection reflective mirror), sample is thrown light on.In this case, collector lens makes the emergent light axis of light source oliquely downward tilt with relative level direction the inclination of 5 ° to 10 °.When observing as bright field, switchable part is deflection parts, convex lens and diffuser plate.Observe as dark field, be partial to upward by the light penetrated by light source second is partial to parts and makes the light after deflection irradiate the light-blocking member of sample sideling.The light of the second deflection member reflects reflects to peripheral direction by light-blocking member centered by optical axis.
As mentioned above, no matter be bright-field or dark field, in order to improve brightness, collector lens and complicated light and shade visual field switching mechanism must be set up, cause high expensive, simultaneously in order to the scope of broadening one's vision, logical optical range must strengthen, and such catoptron also inevitably increases, and the thickness of base is also inevitable higher, sample placed side is also raised thereupon, and namely the large visual field and thin base can not get both.
At patent CN101055346A, describe a kind of stereomicroscope side-irradiation type lighting method and dark field stereomicroscope thereof.The method is that the light beam that sent by light source is from the observed sample of the side-irradiation of stereomicroscope objective table, and described light beam should meet following characteristic: one is that this light beam and observed sample are in same plane spatial dimension, two be this light beam and stereomicroscope two object lens primary optical axis line of symmetry O1O2 between angle be 80 ~ 100 °.Its designing points is directly sent by light source or changes through optical instrument the objective table that observed sample is placed in nyctitropic last light portion horizontal aligument, thus make the line of symmetry O1O2 of itself and stereomicroscope two object lens primary optical axis in being arranged vertically.The stereoscopic means of illumination that this patent provides not too is applicable to gas phase sample, and cannot realize freely switching of light and shade field observation simultaneously, and general context limitation is large.
At patent CN101587236A, describe a kind of lighting device of dark ground microscope.It comprises object lens, plummer and light source module, and this light source module comprises light beam, reflecting member and condensing member.Reflecting member, is used for the described light reflection of advancing along inceptive direction to become in fact along the ring-shaped light that described inceptive direction is advanced, described only hollow; And condensing member, described ring-shaped light penetrates through described condensing member and focuses on described detection test specimen, and the described ring-shaped light of the part penetrating through described condensing member is by the scattering of described detection test specimen.The scheme that patent provides is too complicated, causes base higher, also improves production cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of lighting device for stereomicroscope is provided, by the position of rational layout light source and the understanding and considerate condition of light changing light source and sample, can realize the multi-functional transillumination such as bright field illumination, dark ground illumination.In addition, by controlling the duty of light source, what realize that sample becomes image contrast can consecutive variations.
Another object of the present invention is to, a kind of lighting device for stereomicroscope is provided, the height of sample placed side can be reduced, the height of Microscope base can be reduced.
Another object of the present invention is to, a kind of lighting device for stereomicroscope is provided, can facilitate, simply switch bright field illumination and dark field illumination, the observation of all kinds of sample can be applicable to.Structure is simple, greatly can reduce cost of goods manifactured.
So the present invention proposes a kind of means of illumination for stereomicroscope, be that the below of observation point is provided with observed sample, observed sample is thrown light on by light source.Light source is positioned over below observed sample, and guarantee that light source is positioned at observation point can beyond the region of imaging light; When carrying out dark ground illumination, the block piece of the placement between light source and sample, this block piece only makes light source be positioned at and can be able to pass through by the scattered beam of part within the region of imaging light; When carrying out bright field illumination, the logical light part of the placement between light source and sample one, this logical light part makes light source be positioned at and can all can pass through by whole light within the region of imaging light and in addition.
So, the present invention proposes a kind of lighting device, comprise: light source, switching mechanism, block piece and logical light part, this light source is positioned over the space of below observed sample, and this light source be positioned at observation point above sample can beyond the region of imaging light, this switching mechanism is for making one of them being placed between light source and sample of block piece and logical light part; When carrying out dark ground illumination, by this switching mechanism placement block piece between light source and sample, this block piece only makes light source be positioned at and can be able to pass through by the scattered beam of part within the region of imaging light; When carrying out bright field illumination, by placement one the logical light part of this switching mechanism between light source and sample, this logical light part makes light source be positioned at and can all can pass through by whole light within the region of imaging light and in addition.
So the present invention proposes a kind of stereomicroscope, comprising: eyepiece, zoom body group, focus adjusting mechanism, platen and lighting device, for placing observed sample on platen.Wherein, this platen is transparent platen, and under this lighting device is arranged on this platen, this lighting device is as the first lighting device above-mentioned.
The present invention, by above-mentioned means of illumination and device, can realize bright illumination when dark field, and can realize Uniform Illumination during bright field.Bright field and dark field can be easy to the illumination realizing Large visual angle scope, namely can be used for microcosmos area and observe, and also can be used for macro-regions and observe.Owing to not having other optical elements or optical element to be placed in outside imaging light in lighting device, therefore without the impact of other parasitic lights; Meanwhile, the light path of illuminating ray process is also very short, therefore without the impact minimum stray light in other words of other parasitic lights, thus improve details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues contrast.When being switched to details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues from light field, blocking direct light owing to there being astigmatism ring and entering human eye, while realizing Uniform Illumination, also make brightness also be in the comfortable observation state of human eye, thus prevent light to the damage of human eye.
Embodiment
First, the present invention proposes a kind of means of illumination for stereomicroscope, be that the below of observation point (be generally the optical viewing system of the compositions such as eyepiece, zoom body group, focus adjusting mechanism, be not limited thereto) is provided with observed sample, observed sample is thrown light on by light source.Light source is positioned over below observed sample, and guarantee that light source is positioned at observation point can beyond the region of imaging light.When carrying out dark ground illumination, the block piece of the placement between light source and sample, this block piece only makes light source be positioned at and can be able to pass through by the scattered beam of part within the region of imaging light; When carrying out bright field illumination, the logical light part of the placement between light source and sample one, this logical light part makes light source be positioned at and can all can pass through by whole light within the region of imaging light and in addition.Preferably, when carrying out bright field illumination, the light of the placement between light source and sample improves part, and this light improves part makes light by the evenly rear outgoing of diffusion; Thus bright field illumination can be made can to obtain the effect of Uniform Illumination more.Of the present invention and the existing difference maximum for the means of illumination of stereomicroscope is, light source is positioned over below observed sample, and guarantee that light source is positioned at observation point can beyond the region of imaging light, recycling block piece or logical light part change light source and go out optical range (i.e. the understanding and considerate condition of the light of light source and sample) towards observation point, thus can be easy to realize the bright illumination that bright field and dark field all obtain Large visual angle scope.
Secondly, according to above-mentioned means of illumination, the present invention also proposes a kind of lighting device, and has the stereomicroscope of this lighting device.
Now with embodiment, the stereomicroscope with this lighting device of the present invention is further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Consulting shown in Fig. 1, is the side view of the stereomicroscope being suitable for lighting device of the present invention.The stereomicroscope of this embodiment comprises: eyepiece 10, zoom body group 11, focus adjusting mechanism 12, transparent platen 30 and lighting device.Wherein, eyepiece 10, zoom body group 11, focus adjusting mechanism 12 are as good as with general microscope, can adopt all existing techniques in realizing.This transparent platen 30 is placed with sample 13, and the lighting device of this embodiment comprises transmission illumination parts 14 and switching mechanism 15.This embodiment adjusts the position of focal plane of zoom body group 11 by focus adjusting mechanism 12, the sample 13 be positioned on transparent platen 30 is can be observed from eyepiece 10, carry out bright field illumination and dark ground illumination by the changeable transmission illumination parts 14 of switching mechanism 15, with simply, efficiently way selection be applicable to the illumination of sample 13.
Fig. 2 is lighting layout's schematic diagram of light source of the present invention, and the light source of this embodiment illustrates for many light emitting diodes (hereinafter referred to as LED), and the light source of other smaller size smaller can also be adopted in practical application to substitute, and not as limit.This schematic diagram comprises the object lens 20(and observation point that can obtain imaging), sample 13, transparent platen (as dull and stereotyped in glass material) 30, for the base 31(base 31 installing transparent platen 30 transparent platen offered to the diaphragm of a logical light for 30 times), plurality of LEDs light source 36(or 50), can imaging light 21.The layout of plurality of LEDs should be in place sample 13 transparent platen 30 under, be positioned at can outside imaging light 21 extended line (that is alleged can the region of imaging light, be AB scope in the drawings) spatially simultaneously.Lighting layout's schematic diagram of light source is visible thus, plurality of LEDs light source 36(or 50) as its light of light source be cannot directly direct projection by (diaphragm of base 31).
Consult shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 7, lighting device of the present invention, comprise: light source (as LED light source 36 or 50), switching mechanism, block piece 40 and logical light part 41, this light source (LED light source 36 or 50) is positioned over the space of observed sample less than 13, and this light source (LED light source 36 or 50) be positioned at observation point (object lens 20) above sample 13 can beyond the region of imaging light, this switching mechanism is for making one of them being placed between light source and sample of block piece 40 and logical light part 41.When carrying out dark ground illumination (Fig. 4, Fig. 7), by this switching mechanism placement block piece 40 between light source (LED light source 36 or 50) and sample 13, this block piece 40 only makes light source (LED light source 36 or 50) be arranged in and can be able to pass through by the scattered beam of part within the region (figure is AB scope) of imaging light.When carrying out bright field illumination, by placement one the logical light part 41 of this switching mechanism between light source (LED light source 36 or 50) and sample 13, this logical light part 41 makes light source (LED light source 36 or 50) be arranged in and can all can pass through by whole light within the region (figure is AB scope) of imaging light and in addition.
Wherein, this switching mechanism comprises a switching substrate (swivel plate 37) and switching executive item (pin 71, rotary sleeve 70), this switching substrate is installed respectively this block piece 40 and this logical light part 41 is set, this switching executive item carries out evolution for driving this switching substrate, makes one of them being placed between light source (LED light source 36 or 50) and sample 13 of the block piece 40 on switching substrate and logical light part 41 by evolution.
Consult Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the following describes the first example of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the first example of microscopical lighting device of the present invention.This figure is the part sectioned view that the lighting device of structure shown in Fig. 1 carries out bright field illumination state.The lighting device of this embodiment is used for including in the part of bright field illumination state: base plate 34, circuit board trim ring 35, LED light source 36, swivel plate 37 and logical light part 41.Observed sample 13 is placed on the transparent platen 30 with glass, and transparent platen 30 is arranged in microscopical base 31, and base 31 offers the diaphragm 311 of a logical light for 30 times at transparent platen simultaneously.
This LED light source 36 is installed on the bottom sheet 34 by circuit board trim ring 35, thus LED light source 36 is reliably fixed on sample less than 13.Wherein preferred, this LED light source 36 includes many light emitting diodes, and circular row lopping (consulting Fig. 4).Need to stress, the LED light source 36 that this circular row is arranged is all that be arranged in can beyond the region (figure is AB scope) of imaging light.
In this embodiment, many light emitting diodes of this LED light source 36 can be all white light LEDs, or can be all monochromatic light LED, or can be the array combination of white light LEDs and monochromatic light LED.In actual use according to lighting demand, the LED of different colours is selected to use as light source, to realize different colour temperature illuminations, or the illumination of regulatable change colour temperature.Meanwhile, in the control mode of light source, many light emitting diodes for this LED light source 36 carry out entirety and control simultaneously, or individually control each of many light emitting diodes.These controls can comprise brightness value and control, light quantity control etc.Thus, this LED light source 36 can be realized sample becomes image contrast can consecutive variations.The light source circuit for regulating and controlling carrying out controlling for LED light source 36 can adopt the LED circuit for regulating and controlling of prior art, no longer describes in detail in this.Meanwhile, in order to control this LED light source 36 easily, the adjusting means (knob, button, Trackpad etc.) of a light modulation can also be set on the reasonable position of the stereomicroscope of this embodiment.
Logical light part 41 in this embodiment is through-hole structures, its through hole interior diameter is greater than LED light source 36 can the diameter on border circle (in Fig. 2 AB scope circle) in region of imaging light, thus makes LED light source 36 be positioned at and can all can pass through by whole light within the region of imaging light and in addition.
Preferably, in order to realize throwing light on more equably, the lighting device of this embodiment also comprises light and improves part, and this light improves part and is coaxially arranged on this logical light part 41, and this light improves part makes light by the evenly rear outgoing of diffusion.It can be that one or more in diffuser plate, dioptric lens, reflector combinationally use that light improves part, or adopts other even optical elements.In this enforcement, this light improves part and comprises a diffuser plate 32 and reflector 33, and reflector 33 is the hole walls of the through hole being directly formed at this logical light part 41, is in a back taper wall (wet look).Diffuser plate 32 is positioned at top, and be arranged on swivel plate 37, swivel plate 37 is arranged on base 31.
When the lighting device of this embodiment carries out bright field illumination, LED light source 36 emits beam, light directive leads to light part 41, and the reflector 33 on the logical light part 4 of utilization assembles the light from all directions further, the light that LED light source 36 is sent makes full use of, improve the brightness of illumination, the light reflected through reflector 33 is radiated on diffuser plate 32, makes light source uniform irradiation on sample 13 through diffuser plate 32 diffuse reflection or diffraction.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the first example of microscopical lighting device of the present invention.This figure is the part sectioned view that the lighting device of structure shown in Fig. 1 carries out dark ground illumination state.The lighting device of this embodiment is used for including in the part of dark ground illumination state: base plate 34, circuit board trim ring 35, LED light source 36, swivel plate 37 and block piece 40.It is identical that lighting device to be used at most of device of dark ground illumination state with position relationship and above-mentioned bright field illumination state, difference is: the block piece 40 be arranged on swivel plate 37 is tubular structures, its cylindrical shell interior diameter be less than LED light source 36 can imaging light region border circle (in Fig. 2 AB scope circle) diameter, the hollow bulb 401 of cylindrical shell is being positioned at can be able to passing through by the scattered beam of part within the region of imaging light for making LED light source 36, barrel portion 402 is being positioned at can be blocked by the light of part beyond the region of imaging light for making LED light source 36.Like this, emit beam from LED light source 36, LED light source 36 is be positioned at can the scattered beam of part can only with certain angular illumination on sample 13 within the region of imaging light, the unnecessary direct projection light part 40 that is blocked blocks, prevent from directly to enter human eye from LED light source 36, thus realize dark ground illumination.
Again remark additionally, in the lighting device of embodiment, many light emitting diodes of LED light source 36 be conically to arrange in one around layout, so also can utilize and light suitably be converged, to improve light efficiency.
For realizing, one of them of the block piece 40 of this embodiment and logical light part 41 switching mechanism be placed between LED light source 36 and sample 13 can be had multiple implementation, can be rotary switching mechanism or push-and-pull switching mechanism mode or other switching mechanism modes etc.
Be described with the switching mechanism of the concrete structure of a rotary switching mechanism to this embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 5.
The rotary switching mechanism of this embodiment comprises: improve the swivel plate 37(of part and logical light part 41 and block piece 40 as switching substrate for installing the light such as diffuser plate 32, reflector 33), and pin 71, rotary sleeve 70 etc. are as switching executive item.As described above, offer two mounting holes as on the swivel plate 37 switching substrate, and install respectively to arrange this block piece 40 and this logical light part 41(is installed there is reflector 33), diffuser plate 32.This swivel plate 37 also extends and has one section of body of rod 371 simultaneously, and the body of rod 371 is offered a pivoted hole, and be articulated on base 31 by pin 71, the end of the body of rod 371 arranges rotary sleeve 70; Swivel plate 37 can be made to be centered around pin 71 by the position of stirring rotation rotary sleeve 70 to rotate, thus the block piece 40 on swivel plate 37 and logical light part 41 be proceeded to or produce the illumination path between light source and sample, to realize switching that is bright, dark ground illumination.Like this, can realize switching executive item by this rotary switching mechanism and drive this switching substrate to carry out the rotational transform of position, make one of them being placed between light source and sample of the block piece on switching substrate and logical light part by rotational transform.
In addition, the switching mechanism of the lighting device of this embodiment also can adopt push-and-pull switching mechanism to substitute, driving this switching substrate to carry out the push-and-pull conversion of position by switching executive item, being converted by push-and-pull thus making one of them being placed between light source and sample of the block piece on switching substrate and logical light part.Concrete structure those skilled in the art of push-and-pull switching mechanism can consult prior art and carry out design realization, no longer describe in detail in this.
Be more than that the lighting device of the first example can be switched bright field and dark field system by switching mechanism, meet the requirement of different specimens to illumination.By the distance of adjustment LED light source 36 with base 31, can realize the requirement to different visual fields size.And owing to there is no other Additional optical part in imaging optical path, when dark ground illumination, without other stray light, can become clear to sample 13 and throw light on equably, thus improve the contrast of details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues.
Below, the variation of above-mentioned first example is described with reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7.In addition, in this variation, adopt the structure of above-mentioned first example same section, the description thereof will be omitted.
As shown in the figure, change LED light source 36 into LED light source 50 in this deformation form, all the other structures are identical with the first embodiment, many light emitting diodes of this LED light source 50 be in the same plane around layout.Utilize this deformation form, the comparable LED light source 36 of the space needed for LED light source 50 is low, better can reduce the height of sample 13, although utilization ratio of optical energy can reduce accordingly.
In addition, many luminophors (as light emitting diode) on the light source of this lighting device are except above-mentioned two kinds of arrangements, can also be designed to the cylindrical arrangement as shown in Fig. 8 a, 8b as required, or arranging in free form surface shape as shown in Fig. 9 a, 9b and Figure 10 a, 10b.Adopt as Fig. 8 a, 8b Fig. 9 a, 9b the light source arrangement structure shown in Figure 10 a, 10b, its effect and above-mentioned light source arrangement structure substantially similar, but the light source arrangement structure taken different shapes mainly realizes the luminance balance of light field, details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues.For the light source arrangement structure shown in Fig. 9 a, 9b and Figure 10 a, 10b, can also maximum possible utilize luminous energy, and make observation sample consistent as far as possible in the illumination of 360 degree of all directions.
To sum up, according to lighting device as above and stereomicroscope, the present invention can have following advantage:
(1), for bright, dark ground illumination change, can switch very simply and easily;
(2), owing to not having other optical elements or optical element to be arranged on outside imaging light, when dark field, the impact of scattered light can be there is no, thus improve the contrast of details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues;
(3) to be, no matter bright field illumination or the illumination of details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues field, only to need the distance of the logical light source of change and base, the field illumination of different range can be realized, be that is easy to the illumination realizing large field range;
(4), switching mechanism and light source only need very little space just can realize, and the height of base can be made thinner, reduce the height in sample face;
(5), in dark field illumination, increase block piece not only can block unnecessary light and enter human eye, prevents the damage of human eye, and illuminating ray can be allowed again evenly to become clear;
(6), the light path of illuminating ray process is also very short, therefore without the impact minimum stray light in other words of other parasitic lights, thus improve details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues contrast;
(7), this light and shade field lighting device, structure is simple, can effectively reduce cost.
Although specifically show in conjunction with preferred embodiment and describe the present invention; but those skilled in the art should be understood that; not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims limits; can make a variety of changes the present invention in the form and details, be protection scope of the present invention.